Chapter 1 Structures of Living Things
Lesson 3 Diversity of Organisms
Main Idea
Living things are classified by kingdoms so they can be studied.
Vocabulary
Kingdom (48) The broadest group into which organisms are clssified
Vertebrate (50) An animal that has a backbone
Invertebrate (50) An animal that does not have a backbone
Vascular (52) A plant with tubes that transport food and water
Non vascular (53) A plant without tubes to transport food and water
Fungus (54) A unicellular or multicellular organism that absorbs food from
dead or decaying organisms in its environment
Bacteria (55) Simple tiny unicellular organisms with cell membranes and
cytoplasm but no distinct nuclei
Protist (56) A unicellular or multicellular organism with a distinct nucleus that
does not have specialized tissues
How are living things grouped together?
Main Idea
Scientists group living things into different categories based on similar
characteristics in order to study them better.
Supporting Detail
A. Scientists classify organisms into groups based on similar
characteristics
B. Scientists divide all organisms into 6 kingdoms.
C. Kingdoms are split into phylum (plural phyla)
D. Phyla are split into classes
E. Classes are split into orders
F. Orders are split into families
G. Families are split into genus (pl genera)
H. Genera are split into species
What do animals have in common?
Main Idea
All organisms in the animal kingdom are multicellular organisms that get
their energy from eating other living things. Animals can be vertebrates or
invertebrates.
Supporting Detail
A. All organisms in the animal kingdom are:
a. multicellular organisms
b. with specialized tissues
c. that get their energy from eating other living things.
B. Animal kingdom can be split into two phyla
a. Animal phyla without backbones
i. Sponges
ii. Cnidarians (e.g. jellyfish, coral)
iii. Flatworms
iv. Roundworms
v. Mollusks
1. have an internal or external shell
2. example: clams, oysters, squids, snails, octopus
vi. segmented worms
vii. Arthropods
1. have an outer skeleton, jointed legs, and bodies
that are broken up into sections
2. examples: insects, spiders, lobsters, millipedes
viii. Enchinoderms (sand dollars, sea cucumbers, sea urchins,
sea stars)
b. Animal phyla chordata (supporting rod that runs the length of
their bodies for at least part of their lives); classes: with
backbones
i. Fish – live in water with bodies covered by scales
ii. Amphibians – vertebrates that spend part of their lives in
water and part of their lives on land
iii. Reptiles – land vertebrates with thick, dry, scaly skin
iv. Birds – have wings and feathers
v. Mammals
1. have hair
2. are fed from their mothers’ bodies when they are
young
What do plants have in common?
Main Idea
All organisms in the plant kingdom are multicellular organisms that produce
their own food. Plants can be vascular or nonvascular.
Supporting Detail
A. All organisms in the plant kingdom are
a. multicellular organisms
b. with specialized tissues
c. that produce their own food.
B. Plant kingdom can be split into 2 main categories: vascular and
nonvascular
a. Vascular
i. Vascular plants are composed of tiny tubes / vessels that
carry food and water throughout the plant.
ii. Vascular plants can grow tall because the tubes enable
water and food to be transported throughout the plant.
b. Nonvascular
i. Nonvascular plants do not have a network of tubes to
transport food and water throughout the plant.
ii. Most food and water in these plants is directly transported
from the ground into the plant cells.
iii. Nonvascular plants are unable to grow tall and must be
close to the source of water.
iv. Examples of nonvascular plants are moss, liverwort, and
hornwort.
What are fungi?
Main Idea
Fungi absorb food from decaying organisms.
Supporting Detail
A. Fungus (plural fungi) can be a unicellular or multicellular organism.
B. Fungi can not make their own food. They usually absorb food from
decaying or dead organisms in their environment.
C. Fungi in soil breakdown dead plants and animals into nutrients that
can be reused by other organisms.
D. Fungi called yeast are added to bread to make it rise.
E. Some fungi (e.g. some wild mushrooms) can be very harmful.
F. Fungus kingdomw
a. Yeast, morels, mildew (e.g. yeast)
b. Mold (e.g. penicillin)
c. Mushroom, smut, rust (e.g. corn smut)
What are bacteria?
Main Idea
Baceria are unicellular organisms that are divided into 2 groups: ancient and
true.
Supporting Detail
A. Bacteria are tiny unicellular organisms with a cell membrane and a
cytoplasm. Most bacteria have cell walls. They lack a distinct nuclei.
B. Bacteria are classified into 2 groups: ancient and true
a. Ancient bacteria are the oldest living organisms on Earth. Many
are found in harsh environments such as hot springs, salt water,
or acidic environments
b. True bacteria usually live in other organisms. Some cause
disease in plants and animals such as strep throat, pneumonia,
and Lyme disesas.
What are protist?
Main Idea
Protists can be unicellular or multicellular. The cells of a protest all have
distinct nucleus.
Supporting Detail
A. Protists are unicellular or multicellular organisms that either make
their own food or eat living things.
B. Unlike bacteria, all protests have a distinct nucleus in their cells.
C. Unlike plant, animals, and bacteria, protists have simple body
structures and lack specialized tissues.
D. Most protests live in water.
E. Types of Protists
a. Plant-like protists make their own food (e.g. algae)
b. Animal-like protists
i. use cell membranes to absorb other organisms
ii. like animals, these organisms eat and move
iii. examples: amoeba, paramecium
c. Fungi-like protists breakdown dead organisms for food (e.g.
slime mold)