51. Phenotype – the physical expression of genes in an animal.
52. Recessive allele – an allele in a pair that is not expressed in the presence
of a dominant allele.
53. Sex Chromosomes – chromosomes that determine the sex of the
offspring. In mammals, females are XX and males are XY.
54. Sperm – a male gamete that carries the DNA of the male parent
.
55 Congenital disease(s) – a disease or abnormality that has been present
since birth, but is not heritable. A congenital disease can occur because of
the environment during gestation or birth, and may or may not be due to a
genetic change in the animal.
56. Heritable diseases – a disease that is genetically inherited from one or
more parent. A heritable disease has the genes to pass that disease on to its
offspring and use in breeding programs should be very limited. Heritable
diseases exist in all species and are inherited in a variety of ways. It is often
desirable to test animals for heritable disease prior to breeding.
57. Dam – the female parent of an animal
58. Pedigree – the written record of an animal’s ancestors
59. Progeny – the cumulative offspring of a sire or dam
60. Sire – the male parent of an animal
Male / Female Animal Science Terminology
61. Barrow – a castrated male pig
62. Boar – an intact male pig or guinea pig
63. Buck – an intact male goat, rabbit, or deer
64. Bull – an intact male bovine
65. Capon – a castrated male chicken
66. Cockerel – a young male chicken
67. Colt – a young male horse
68. Dog – an intact male canine
69. Drake – an intact male duck
70. Gander – an intact male goose
71. Gelding – a castrated male horse
72. Ram – an intact male sheep
73. Rooster – an intact male chicken
74. Stallion – an intact male horse
75. Steer – a castrated male bovine
76. Tom – an intact male cat or turkey
77. Wether – a castrated sheep or goat
78. Bitch – a female dog
79. Broodmare – a female horse whose primary purpose is producing foals
80. Calf – a young bovine of either gender
81. Chick – a young chicken of either gender; also used for most companion
birds
82. Cow – a female bovine
83. Doe – a female goat, rabbit or deer
84. Duckling – a young duck of either gender
85. Ewe – a female sheep
86. Filly – a young female horse
87. Foal – a young horse of either gender
88. Gilt – a young female pig
89. Goose – a female goose
90. Gosling – a young goose of either gender
91. Heifer – a young female bovine
92. Hen – a female chicken, duck or turkey
93. Kid – a young goat of either gender
94. Kitten – a young cat of either gender
95. Lamb – a young sheep of either gender
96. Mare – a mature female horse
97. Piglet – a young pig of either gender
98. Pullet – a young female chicken
99. Puppy - a young dog of either gender
100. Sow – a mature female pig or guinea pig