Macrobiology Cumulative Exam Term 2 Review Name:_____________________
VOCABULARY:
Use a highlighter or colored pencil while going through the following
KEY:
_____ Words that I know the definitions without any help
_____ Words I know, but needed to look up something on (a little help)
_____ Words I don’t know and need to look up
CHAPTER 3
Biotic factor
Demographic transition
Valve
Ecology
Abiotic factor
Age-structure diagram
Artery
Biosphere
Habitat
CHAPTER 6
Vein
Species
Niche
Agriculture
Capillary
Population
Resource
Monoculture
Platelet
Community
Competitive exclusion
Green revolution
Hemoglobin
principle
Ecosystem
Predation
Biodiversity
Lymphocute
Biome
Symbiosis
Ecosystem diversity
Pharynx
Autotroph
Mutualism
Species diversity
Larynx
Producer
Commensalisms
Endangered species
Bronchus
Photosynthesis
Parasitism
Habitat fragmentation
Alveolus
Chemosynthesis
Ecological succession
Biological magnification
Diaphragm
Heterotroph
Primary succession
Invasive species
CHAPTER 38
Consumer
Secondary succession
Conservation
Amylase
Carnivore
Biome
Global warming
Esophagus
Omnivore
microclimate
CHAPTER 35
Perstalsis
Detrivore
Canopy
Specialized cell
Stomach
Decomposer
Understory
Epithelial tissue
Small intestines
Food chain
Deciduous Forest
Connective tissue
Large intestines
Food web
Coniferous Forest
Nervous tissue
Pancreas
Trophic level
Humus
Muscle tissue
Liver
Ecological pyramid
Taiga
Homeostasis
Villus
Biomass
Permafrost
Feedback inhibition
Kidney
Biogeochemical cycle
Desert
Neuron
Filtration
Evaporation
Tropical Rainforest
Cell body
Glomerulus
Transpiration
Freshwater Biome
Dendrite
Reabsorption
Nutrient
Marine Biome
Axon
CHAPTER 39
Herbivore
CHAPTER 5
Myelin sheath
Hormone
denitrification
Population density
Synapse
Target cell
Primary productivity
Immigration
CHAPTER 36
Exocrine gland
Limiting nutrient
Emigration
Cartilage
Endocrine gland
Algal bloom
Exponential growth
Joint
Ovary
CHAPTER 4
Logistic growth
Ligament
Testis
Weather
Carrying capacity
Epidermis
Puberty
Climate
Limiting factor
Melanin
Zygote
Greenhouse effect
Density-dependent
Dermis
Fertilization
relationship
Polar zone
Predator-prey
CHAPTER 37
relationship
Temperate zone
Density-independent
Atrium
limiting factor
Tropical zone
demography
Ventricle
3-1 What is Ecology
Levels of organization – I, P, C, E, B, B
Ecological Methods – O, E, M
3-2 Energy Flow
Producers vs consumers
Food chain vs Food Webs
Tropic levels
Three Ecological Pyramids – energy, biomass, numbers
Energy Transfer (only 10% passed on each time)
3-3 Cycles of Matter
Biogeochemical cycles: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
Productivity and limiting nutrients
4.1 The Role Of Climate
What is climate
Greenhouse effect
The effect of latitude anon climate
Heat transport in the biosphere
4.2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?
Biotic and abiotic factors
The niche
Competitive Exclusion
Community Interractions
a. Predation
b. Symbiosis
i. Mutualism ++
ii. Commensalisms + O
iii. Parasitism + Ecological Succession
Primary
Secondary
4.3 Biomes
Biomes and climate
The major biomes
4.4 Aquatic Ecosystems
Freshwater Ecosystems
Estuaries
Marine Ecosystems
5.1 How Populations Grow
Characteristics of population
What causes a population to increase/decrease
Different types of growth
5.2 Limits to Growth
Type of limiting factors
5.3 Human Population Growth
Age structure diagram
Demographic transition
6.1 A Changing Landscape
Human activities that affect the biosphere
6.3 Biodiversity
How biodiversity increases or decreases
Conservation Efforts
6.4 Charting a Course for the Future
What is global warming? What causes it?
Central Concept: Ecology is the interaction among organisms and between organisms and their
environment.
6.1 Explain how birth, death, immigration, and emigration influence population size. Explain
how each of the above increase or decrease population size.
6.2 Analyze changes in population size and biodiversity (speciation and extinction) that
result from the following: natural causes, changes in climate, human activity, and the
introduction of invasive, non-native species. Explain, in your answer, what impact
humans have on the earth and biodiversity. Give and example of an invasive species
and the effect it had on its habitat.
6.3 Use a food web to identify and distinguish producers, consumers, and decomposers, and
explain the transfer of energy through trophic levels. Describe how relationships among
organisms (predation, parasitism, competition, commensalism, mutualism) add to the
complexity of biological communities. Include a diagram of a food web and food chain
and a worded description of the trophic levels and how energy flows through the
system.
6.4 Explain how water, carbon, and nitrogen cycle between abiotic resources and organic matter
in an ecosystem, and how oxygen cycles through photosynthesis and respiration. Explain with
a drawing and words.
Human Body Ch 35-40 (p. 890 – 1049)
 What are the 11 systems of the body?
 Be able to identify the major organs for each system with their function.
 How does the body maintain homeostasis?
Central Concepts: There is a relationship between the organization of cells into tissues and the
organization of tissues into organs. The structures and functions of organs determine their
relationships within body systems of an organism. Homeostasis allows the body to perform its
normal functions.
4.1 Explain generally how the digestive system (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small
and large intestines, rectum) converts macromolecules from food into smaller
molecules that can be used by cells for energy and for repair and growth. In your
answer, describe the different parts of the digestive system, what type of
digestion occurs there and how each contributes to gaining energy for growth
and repair.
4.2 Explain how the circulatory system (heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, red blood cells)
transports nutrients and oxygen to cells and removes cell wastes. Describe how the
kidneys and the liver are closely associated with the circulatory system as they perform
the excretory function of removing waste from the blood. Recognize that kidneys
remove nitrogenous wastes, and the liver removes many toxic compounds from blood.
In your answer, discuss how kidneys remove nitrogenous wastes, and how the
liver removes many toxic compounds from blood.
4.3 Explain how the respiratory system (nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, alveoli)
provides exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Include where gas exchange
actually takes place and the role of the capillaries that rest on the alveoli.
4.4 Explain how the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, sensory neurons, motor neurons)
mediates communication among different parts of the body and mediates the body’s
interactions with the environment. Identify the basic unit of the nervous system, the
neuron, and explain generally how it works. You may include a diagram in this
answer to help you, but you also need to put your thoughts into words.
4.5 Explain how the muscular/skeletal system (skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles, bones,
cartilage, ligaments, tendons) works with other systems to support the body and allow
for movement. Recognize that bones produce blood cells. Also include a brief
discussion on how bones produce blood cells and how they work with the
endocrine system in storing and releasing calcium.
4.6 Recognize that the sexual reproductive system allows organisms to produce offspring that
receive half of their genetic information from their mother and half from their father,
and that sexually produced offspring resemble, but are not identical to, either of their
parents. Include in your answer, a brief overview of fertilization.
4.7 Recognize that communication among cells is required for coordination of body
functions. The nerves communicate with electrochemical signals, hormones circulate
through the blood, and some cells produce signals to communicate only with nearby
cells. Explain how the nerves communicate with electrochemical signals, hormones
circulate through the blood, and some cells produce signals to communicate only with
nearby cells.
4.8
Recognize that the body’s systems interact to maintain homeostasis. Describe
the basic function of a physiological feedback loop. Describe the basic function
of a negative feedback loop.