1 Supplementary materials legends 2 3 Supplementary table 1: List of differentially expressed genes in male and metestrous female 4 GnRH neurons. In total, 543 genes showed differential expression at the following cut-off 5 criteria: fold change >1.6 for 482 genes and <0.63 for 61 genes; adjusted p-value < 0.01; 6 normalized expression value > 7 in the female. 7 Supplementary table 2: Gene list of the top functional annotation clusters. List of 8 differentially expressed genes were analyzed using a web-based public functional annotation 9 clustering tool in DAVID Bioinformatics Resources and presented in fig. 2. 10 Supplementary table 3. Validation of the microarray data by real-time PCR and 11 comparison of microarray and qPCR results. For sampling of GnRH neurons, laser capture 12 microdissection (LCM-qPCR; average RQ ± SEM) and patch-pipette cytoplasm harvesting 13 (PCH-qPCR; average RQ ± SEM) approaches were followed by qPCR investigations that 14 confirmed the differential expression of 46 genes in both samples (gene descriptions in bold 15 letters). Abbreviations: FC, fold change; RQ: relative quantity; SEM: standard error of the mean. 16 Supplementary fig. 1. Quantitative analysis and correlation of microarray raw data with 17 real-time PCR results. The coefficient of determination value (R2 = 0.64) indicates a strong 18 quantitative correlation between the normalized expression data of microarray hybridization 19 studies and the cycle threshold (Ct) value of the qPCR investigations. X-axis: cycle threshold 20 value, Y-axis: normalized microarray expression values (data are log2 transformed). 21 1