Coal Quality and Resources of the Former
Soviet Union – An ArcView Project
By
Michael E. Brownfield1, Douglas W. Steinshouer2,
Mikhail Yu. Povarennykh3, Ivan Eriomin4, Mikhail Shpirt4, Yevgeny Meitov5,
Irena Sharova5, Nina Goriunova4, and Margarita V. Zyrianova2
1
U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225
Contractor to the U.S. Geological Survey
3
Vernadsky State Geological Museum, Moscow, Russia 103009
4
Fossil Fuel Institute, Russian Federation Ministry of Geology, Moscow,
5
Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Crystal Chemistry of Rare Elements,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
2
Introduction
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Committee on Geology of the Use of
Subsurface Resources of the Russian Federation (ROSKOMNEDRA), and the Russian
Academy of Sciences (RAS) have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on
Cooperation in Geoscience. The USGS, the Vernadsky State Geologic Museum (VSGM)
representing the ROSKOMNEDRA, and the RAS collaborated to produce a Geographic
Information System (GIS) product that contains information on geology, resources, and
quality of coal from the Former Soviet Union (FSU). The FSU includes the Russian
Federation (RF), the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), and the countries of
Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania (fig. 1).
The purpose of the GIS project is to integrate views of the geology, coal basins and
deposits by coal rank, coal reserves and resource categories, rail lines, rivers, and roads of the
FSU utilizing Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) ArcInfo and ArcView
software. The Russian coauthors supplied ArcInfo files that were modified by the USGS and
combined with USGS data files to create an ArcView project. Coal deposit data contained in
this project were selected from monographs, reference books, and unpublished sources of
data that were reviewed and deemed reliable by the authors. Information on the deposit
name, location, age, and rank are included in the database and obtained from Russian
geologic maps and publications. The database includes more than 265 coal deposit data
points with information on the deposit name, location, age, and rank; coal reserve and
resource reliability categories are listed for 671 coal-bearing areas in the FSU.
According to several studies, within the boundaries of the FSU there are hundreds of
coal deposits (figs. 2 and 3) that contain as much as 40 to 50 percent of the Earth’s total coal
resources. Russia is the sixth largest coal producer in the world with a total coal production
of 163 million metric tons (World Coal Institute, 2000) and coal exports of less than 27
million metric tons in 1999 (Knapp, 2000). Coal deposits in the FSU formed under diverse
geochemical and climatic conditions, have undergone various structural histories, and are
found in 8 geological periods: Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic,
Cretaceous, Paleogene and Neogene. Because of this diversity the coal quality shows wide
ranges in composition.
Coal samples included in the coal sample point database were selected from the most
reliable sources of data critically reviewed by the Russian coauthors. Coal quality and
chemical analyses are included for 180 coal samples with information on deposit name,
location, age, rank, mine name and operator, lithology of coal-bearing rocks, proximate and
ultimate analyses, mineral composition, and major-, minor-, and trace-element content. This
is the most comprehensive study compiled by the USGS to date of the coal in the FSU.
Figure 1. Map showing countries included in the Former Soviet Union.
Russian Standard classification for FSU coals
Because of differing classification schemes, it is sometimes difficult to compare
Russian coals with the same coal rank (equivalent to Russian coal mark) from different basins
and deposits, as well as to compare Russian coals with coals from other countries (USA,
Australia, Southern Africa, Great Britain) that have developed their own coal classifications.
The Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization, Metrology, and Certification
(GOSSTANDART or GOST) and its FSU predecessor approved several classification
systems in an attempt to standardize the coal classification (Babkin (1981), GOST 21489-76;
Yeriomin (1988), GOST 25543-88; Fiodorova (1995), GOST 30313-95).
The GOSSTANDART (GOST 25543-88) standard classification of coals for the
Former Soviet Union coals describes brown and hard coals and anthracites (Yeriomin, 1988).
The Russian classification suggests that all physical, mechanical, chemical, and technological
characteristics of organic fraction of coal could be derived from the mutual influence of the
following three factors: (1) the coal metamorphism grade, (2) the petrographic composition,
and (3) the degree of reductibility (Eriomin and Bronovetz, 1994). The coal metamorphism
grade is characterized by the vitrinite reflectance index in immersion oil (Rr, in percent) while
the petrographic composition is characterized by the fusinized micro components content
(OK, in percent, i.e. inertinite, column Inertinite, Standard Characteristics table, Appendix
B), and the degree of reductibility is differentiated by a variety of characteristics for different
ranks. For coals of low rank, the degree of reductibility is characterized by the semi-coking
resin yield (column Resin, Standard Characteristics table, Appendix B) on a dry ash free basis
(Tskdaf, in weight percent). For coals of medium rank, this parameter is characterized by the
volatile matter yield (column Volmat, Standard Characteristics table, Appendix B) on a dry
ash free basis (Vdaf, in weight percent) and the coal caking ability that can be evaluated by the
thickness of the Sapozhnikov plastic layer index (Y, in mm, Sapozhnikov and Bazilevich,
1935; Eriomin and Bronovetz, 1987, column Plasticthk, Standard Characteristics table,
Appendix B). For coals of high rank (anthracites), the degree of reductibility can be
determined by the anisotropy of the vitrinite reflectance index (AR, in percent, column
Anistotropy, Standard Characteristics table, Appendix B).According to the above parameters,
Russian coal marks were developed and subdivided into groups and subgroups. Within the
coals of low rank (brown), one coal mark B and three groups 1B, 2B, 3B are classified.
Within the coals of medium rank, 15 marks D, DG, G, GzhO, GZh, Zh, KZh, K, KO, KSN,
KS, OS, TS, SS, T and 21 coal groups 1G, 2G, 1GzhO, 2GZhO, 1GZh, 2GZh, 1Zh, 2Zh, 1K,
2K, 1KO, 2KO, 1KS, 2KS, 1OS, 2OS, 1SS, 2SS, 3SS, 1T, 2T are classified. Within coals of
high rank, one coal mark A and three groups, 1A, 2A, and 3A, are classified.
Figure 2. Chernogorsky strip mine, located in the high volatile bituminous (Coal mark D)
Permian Chernogorskoye coal deposit, Krasnoyarsky district, Khakassiya region, Minusinsky
coal basin, Russia. Photo by Mikhail Povarennykh, Vernadsky State Geological Museum.
Figure 3. Neriungrinsky strip mine, located in the bituminous (coal mark SS) Jurassic
Neriungrinskoye coal deposit, Yakutiya region, Yuzhno-Yakutsky coal basin, Russia. Photo
by Mikhail Povarennykh, Vernadsky State Geological Museum.
The comparison between the Russian coal marks classified according to the GOST
25543-88 standards and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard
coal classification ASTM D388-98a (American Society for Testing and Materials, 1999; table
1, p.188) was approximated by the Russian coauthors as follows:
1. Coal in the 1B group corresponds to lignite A and B;
2. coal in the 2B group corresponds to subbituminous C coal;
3. coal in the 3B group corresponds to subbituminous B coal;
4. coal in coal mark D corresponds to subbituminous A coal;
5. coal in coal marks DG, G, GZhO, GZh, and part of the mark Zh correspond to high
volatile bituminous coals;
6. coal in coal marks KZh, K, KO, KSN, KS, and the remaining part of the mark Zh
correspond to medium volatile bituminous coals;
7. coal in coal marks OS and TS correspond to low volatile bituminous coals;
8. coal in coal mark T mainly corresponds to semi-anthracite;
9. coal in the groups PA, 1A, and 2A corresponds to semi-anthracites and anthracites;
and
10. coal in the group 3A corresponds mainly to meta-anthracite.
The Russian coal mark SS classified within the GOST standard can not be compared
with ASTM D388-98a standard due to the fact that regardless of the different values of the
volatile matter, they cannot be caked or agglomerated mainly due to high inertinite content,
more than 60 percent.
The USGS has modified the above comparisons in table 1 to include the missing coal
ranks listed in the ASTM standard classification.
There can be significant variation in the composition and characteristics of vitrinite,
inertinite and liptinite for coal with equal reflectance indexes. This variation was described
as the “degree of reductibility” by the Russian investigators Eriomin and Bronovetz (1994).
As a result of these variations, they developed their own coal classification and applied it to
all the main coal producing basins of Russia, such as the Kuznetsky, Pechorsky, Donetsky,
and Kansko-Achinsky basins.
Table 1. Approximate coal rank relationships between the Former Soviet Union
(GOSSTANDART) and United States (ASTM) coal classifications. Exact equivalence of a
particular sample is difficult because the conditions of sample handling and chemical
analyses, and variation in usage of terms in the coal industry in the Former Soviet Union is
often unclear.
FSU, GOST 25543-88
USA, ASTM 380-98a
ligB
1B
Lignite
Brown
ligA
Brown (B)
Coals
2B
subC
3B
subB
Subbituminous
Long-Flame (D)
Long-Flame-Gas (DG), Gas(G), GasFat(GZh), Gas-Fat-Mearge(GZhO), and
part Fat(Zh)
Hard
Coals
Fat(Zh), Coking-Fat(KZh), Coking(K),
Coking-Mearge(KO), Coking-Caking(KSN
and KS)
Mearge-Caking (OS) and Lean-Caking
(TS)
Lean (T)
Semi-anthracite (PA)
A1
Anthracites (A)
A2
A3
sub A
hvCb
hvBb
hvAb
mvb
Bituminous
lvb
sa
an
Anthracitic
ma
Russian Coal Quality and Resources and Associated Databases and Methods
The purpose of this ArcView project is to integrate ArcInfo files of the geology, coal
basins and deposits by coal rank, coal reserves and resource categories, with rail lines, rivers,
and roads of the FSU as supplied by the Russian coauthors. The USGS compiled a coal
quality database from data reviewed and deemed reliable by the Russian coauthors. Coal
deposit data points with information on the deposit name, location, age, and rank were
included in the database, while coal quality and chemical analyses were included for selected
data points (see Appendix B). The Russian coauthors supplied ArcInfo files that were
modified by the USGS and combined with USGS data files to create an ArcView project.
The project includes 267 coal deposit data points (coal deposit theme) containing
information on the deposit name, location, age, and rank, while coal quality and chemical
analyses were included for 180 commercial and composite coal samples (coal sample point
theme). The commercial sample is a composite run-of-mine sample consisting of 15 to 30
primary samples obtained during a 3 to 4 month period of coal mining. The composite
sample represents 100 or more primary trench samples collected from a coal bed in a
coalfield or coal basin. The coal resources theme contains 671 data entries listing coal
reserve, coal resource, and potential coal resource reliability categories subdivided by Russian
coal mark, territory name and age, and deposit name and age.
To begin characterizing the Russian coals, information was first compiled from the
large coal basins and deposits in the FSU. Among the first 90 coal samples included in the
database, the largest number of samples (30) is from the Kuznetsky coal basin, which is the
largest coal producing basin in the FSU. The Kuznetsky basin produces about 50 percent of
all exploited coal, including almost all of the hard coal produced in the Russian Federation.
This situation is expected to continue for many years. Data from the Donetsky, KanskoAchinsky, and Pechorsky large coal basins and well as other smaller producing basins were
also included in the database.
All coal characteristics (Appendix B) were obtained according to analytical methods
corresponding with the standards of either the International Organization for Standardization
(ISO) or Russian GOST standards (excluding those mentioned below).
According to the GOST standards, liptinite content (column Liptinite, Standard
Characteristics table Appendix B), total moisture (column Moisture, Standard Characteristics
table Appendix B), humic acids content (column Hum_Acid, Standard Characteristics table
Appendix B), and yield of semi-coking resin (column Resin, Standard Characteristics table
Appendix B) were specified for brown coals. For hard coals, Roga index (column Roga,
Standard Characteristics table Appendix B) and free crucible swelling number (column
Freeswell, Standard Characteristics table Appendix B) were specified. For anthracites,
anisotropy of reflectance (column Anisotropy, Standard Characteristics table Appendix B)
was specified. The coal sample point theme database presented in the ArcView project
contains the following files:
general.dbf contains the fields described in table 1 (Appendix B);
std_char.dbf contains the fields described in table 2 (Appendix B);
mineral.dbf contains the fields described in tables 3 (Appendix B);
elemcomp.dbf contains the fields described in table 4 (Appendix B); and
washdata.dbf contains the fields described in table 5 (Appendix B).
Database fields in the above dbf files are described in Appendix B and data dictionary files
are located within the directories fsucoal/doc and fsucoal/html. All files are situated within
the directory fsucoal/tables/ on the CD-ROM in 3 file formats: (1) comma delineated (csv),
(2) Dbase (dbf0, and (3) Microsoft Excel (xls).
If a Russian coal deposit contained only one bed, the value 1 was assigned in the
DEPTYPE column in the coal sample point data base (Appendix B, General characteristics,
table 1); in case of a multi-bed deposit (2 to 4 beds,) the value 2 was assigned; and in case of
more than 4 beds in the deposit, the value 3 was assigned. The subdivisions of coal bed dip
are based on the following Russian dip angle classes: horizontal is less than 10o, slope ranges
from 10 to 20o, inclined ranges from 20 to 45o, and steep is greater than 45o. These class
values were combined and listed in the Dip column of the coal sample point database
(Appendix B, General characteristics, column DIP).
Coal marks according to GOST 25543-88 are specified by Cyrillic letters (Yeriomin,
1988), but are designated by the transliterated Roman character equivalents in the database
(column Gostmark, General Characteristics table, Appendix B) and the map legends in the
ArcView project as follows: brown (B); long-flame (D); gas (G); gas and fat (GZh); gas, fat,
and mearge (GZhO);. fat (Zh); KZh – coking and fat (KZh); coking (K); coking and mearge
(KO); KSH – coking and caking, low metamorphosed (KSN); coking and caking (KS);
mearge and caking (OS); lean and caking (TS); weakly to non caking (SS); lean (T);
anthracite (A); semi-anthracite (PA); and meta-anthracite (MA).
For brown coals, the group name (B) of coal will not be listed, instead the subgroup
(1B, 2B and 3B) in the column GOSTMARK of the database will be listed.
Paleogene age of coals and coal-bearing strata are represented on the maps, in legends,
and in the coal quality database (coal sample point theme) as "Pg" (General Characteristics
table, Appendix B, column AGE).
Because of the low degree of coalification of brown coals and the fact that the coalassociated rocks are very often weakly cemented, the lithological composition of brown coals
in the coal data point theme database will be listed as follows: in the column name
SANDSTONE, weight percent sands are presented; in column SILTSTONE, weight percent
silt is listed; in column ARGILLITE, weight percent clays is listed; and in column
CARBARGIL, weight percent coaly clays is listed.
The letter notations are used for rock unit ages and Russian suites, subseries and series
in the Coal Resources of the Former Soviet Union and Surface Geology of the Former Soviet
Union views and in their associated databases. An example of this letter notation is listed in
table 2.
Table 2. Coal-bearing rocks of the Kuznetsky basin include the following series,
subseries and suites (from the younger to the older ones):
Series
Tarbaganskaya
Subseries
Mal`tsevskaya
Erunakovskaya P2 er
Kol`chuginskaya
Il`yinskaya P2 il
Balakhonskaya
Upper-Balakhonskaya P1 bl2
Suite
Konglomeratovaya J1-3 kg
Upper-Mal`tsevskaya T1 m2
Lower-Mal`tsevskaya T1 m1
Tailuganskaya P2tg
Gramoteinskaya P2 gr
Leninskaya P2 ln
Uskatskaya P2 usk
Kazankovo-Markinskaya
P2 km
Kuznetskaya P2 ks
Usiatskaya P1us
Kemerovskaya P1 km
Ishanovskaya P1 i
Mineral matter content (column min_mat, Standard Characteristics table, Appendix
B) on a dry basis (Md) in coals of the Kuznetsky basin was evaluated according to the
following relationships from ash content (column Ash, Standard Characteristics table,
Appendix B) on a dry basis (Ad) where carbon (column Carbon, Standard Characteristics
table, Appendix B) on a dry, ash free basis (Cdaf) was obtained by the authors from statistical
analysis of experimental data:
Md = 1.11Ad (Cdaf less than or equal to 80 percent);
Md = 1.08Ad (Cdaf more than 80% and less than 90 percent); and
Md = 1.05Ad (Cdaf more than or equal to 90 percent).
Most of the data included in the project databases are from literature devoted to traceelement studies of Russian coals conducted during the past 50 years. The trace-element data
through 1985 was summarized in a monograph by Yudovitch and others (1985), and in the
newer published data ( Kler and others, 1987; Kler and others, 1988; Shpirt and others, 1990;
Cherepovsky and others, 1996). The coal sample database also contains data from Ulianov
(1975) and unpublished analytical data obtained by the Russian coauthors for some samples.
Much of the data was hard to compare due to different analytical methods that vary in their
accuracy and sensitivity so care should be taken will using the data. Chemical data for the
commodity and composite coal samples are given as average values.
The following analytical methods were used to obtain major-, minor-, and traceelement data listed in the coal sample point database (Appendix B, table 4, Major-, minor-,
and trace-element contents in coal, elemcomp.dbf): (1) Quantitative Spectral Analysis; (2)
Semiquantitative Spectral Analysis; (3) Flame Spectroscopy; (4) Instrumental Neutron
Activation Spectroscopy (INAA); (5) Photometric Analysis; (6) Photocolorimetric Analysis;
7) Colorimetric Analysis; (8) Fluorescent Analysis; (9) Atomic Absorption Analysis (AAA);
(10) Chemical Spectral Analysis; (11) Spectral Radiometric Analysis; and (12) Inductively
Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS).
The elements Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Si, and Ti were determined by “wet” silicate
chemical analysis with detection limits ranging from 0.01-0.05 percent. They are expressed
as oxides in the coal sample point database (Appendix B, table 4, Major-, minor-, and traceelement contents) and not repeated as individual elements in the database. Titanium was also
determined on an element basis by photocolourimetric methods (column TI_PPM, Appendix
B, table 4, Major-, minor-, and trace-element contents).
Detection limits and sensitivity of these analytical methods for specific elements are
reported in Shpirt and others (1990) and Cherepovsky and others (1996). Table 3 shows the
analytical method used for selected elements with the detection limit listed in percent by
whole coal or coal ash basis. The analytical method document number is listed where it has
been approved by GOSSTANDART or the Scientific Council on Analytical Methods
(NSAM). Where the listed method has not been approved, the institute proposing the
standard method is listed.
Coefficients of concentration (Ki, table 4, Major-, minor-, and trace-element contents,
Appendix B) were calculated by the following method: dividing the average element content
in the sample by its background content or average element content in analyzed coals of the
Former Soviet Union reported in Yudovitch and others (1985), Kler and others, (1987), and
Shpirt and others (1990). The average background-element values (in ppm) are: Ag (0.1); As
(25); Au (0.002); B (80); Ba (150); Be (2.5); Bi (0.2); Br (10); Cd (0.3 and 0.6, lignite and
hard coal, respectively); Ce (3); Cl (110); Co (5); Cr (18); Cs (1.5); Cu (10); Dy (1.9); Er
(0.9); Eu (0.5); F (80 and 110, lignite and hard coal, respectively); Ga (10); Gd (0.8); Ge
(1.5); Hg (0.05); Hf (0.2); Ho (0.2); I (15); In (0.02); La (1.5); Li (6); Lu (0.4); Mn (150); Mo
(2); Nb (1.2); Ni (10); P (130 and 200, lignite and hard coal, respectively); Pb (15); Rb (17);
Sb (1.2); Sc (1.8); Se (3); Sm (2.4); Sn (1); Sr (80); Ta (0.20); Tb (0.6); Te (0.1); Th (6.3 and
6.5, lignite and hard coal, respectively); Ti (1600); Tl (0.1); Tm (0.1); U (2); V (30); W (1.50;
Y (10); Yb (0.9); Zn (35); Zr (50).
The geochemical specialization of the coal (KSi) column in the coal sample point
database (Appendix B, table 4, elemcomp.dbf) lists elements which may have bi-product
utilization potential. Elements listed must have contents greater than two times the average
backgrounds listed above.
Coals having contents of uranium and thorium above the detection limit (table 3) are
listed in the TOXICS column (Appendix B, table 4, Major-, minor-, trace-element contents),
as well as coals containing elevated contents of As (greater than 300 ppm), Be (greater than
50 ppm), and F (greater than 500 ppm). Coals containing elevated contents of potentially
toxic elements such as Co (greater than 100 ppm), Cr (greater than 100 ppm), Hg (greater
than 0.5 ppm), Mn (greater than 1000 ppm), Ni (greater than 100 ppm), Pb (greater than 50
ppm), and V (greater than 100 ppm) are also listed in the Toxics column.
Washability of coal (Appendix B, table 5), corresponds to size fractions and density
fractions with the following densities values: less than 1,300 kg/m3 (column DEN_LT13),
from 1,300 to 1,400 kg/m3 (column DEN_13_14), from 1,400 to 1,500 kg/m3 (column
DEN_14_15), from 1,500 to 1,600 kg/m3 (column DEN_15_16), from 1,600 to 1,800 kg/m3
(column DEN_16_18), from 1,800 to 2,000 kg/m3 (column DEN_18_20), and greater than
2,000 kg/m3 (column DEN_GT20). Column DEN_SUM corresponds to the sum of the
different density fractions. Columns corresponding to ash yields of the density fractions are
also listed. Column ASH_AVE corresponds to the average value ash yield.
The washability data of the mines and open-strips of the Kuznetsky Perchorsky Basins
can be displayed from the Coal Resources of the Former Soviet Union, Coal Basins of the
Former Soviet Union, Surface Geology of the Former Soviet Union, and the Kuznetsky Basin
views with the help of the special hot button (lightning) in the ArcView Project. This feature
will only work if the project is placed on the computer hard drive. In order to close the
washability data table, one should touch the button or close the table.
Washability data for the brown coals are not included in the database. The
washability and density distribution information for brown coals (lignites) is not reliable
because of the unstable character of brown coals during washing in water and long term
exposure to air.
Table 3. Detection limits of quantitative analythical methods and method references used for
the trace-element evaluation of commercial and composite whole coal and ashed coal
samples.
[Table 1.2, pp. 12-13, Cherepovsky and others (1996)]
Element
As
Au
B
Ba
Cd
Cl
Cl
Co
Cr
Cs
F
F
Ga
Ge
Hf
Hg
In
Li
Nb
Ni
Pb
Pd
Pt
Pt
Rb
Re
Re
Sb
Sc
Se
Se
Sn
Sr
Ta
Th
Ti
Tl
U
W
Y
Zn
Zr
Analythical Method
Photo-colourimetric
Chemical spectral
Ionometric
X-Ray-radiometric
Atomic-Absorption
Mercurimetric titrating
Neutron activation
Spectrographic
Photocolourimetric
Flame spectrophotometric
Emission spectral
Photometric
Colourimetric
Colourimetric
Neutron-activation
Atomic-Absorption
Fluorimetric
Flame spectrophotometric
Photometric
Emission spectral
Emission spectral
Chemical spectral
Chemical spectral
Chemical spectral
Flame spectrophotometric
Photometric
Spectrographic
Photometric
Photometric
Fluorometric
X-Ray-spectral
Polarographic
X-Ray-spectral
Chemical spectral
Spectral radiometric
Photocolourimetric
Photometric
Spectral radiometric
Emission spectral
Emission spectral
Atomic absorption
Spectral photometric
1
Detection limit, in % (on whole
coal or coal ash basis)
0.0005 (ash)
0.0000004 (ash)
0.003 (ash)
0.005 (ash)
0.00005 (ash)
0.01 (whole coal)
0.001 (whole coal)
0.0005 (ash)
0.001 (ash)
0.001 (ash)
0.01 (whole coal)
0.02 (whole coal)
0.0001 (ash)
0.0001 (ash)
0.000001 (ash)
0.00001 (whole coal)
0.00002 (ash)
0.001 (ash)
0.0005 (ash)
0.0003 (ash)
0.0005 (ash)
0.0000005 (ash)
0.000005 (ash)
0.000004 (ash)
0.01 (ash)
0.0000002 (ash)
0.00005 (ash)
0.0005 (ash)
0.0001 (ash)
0.00005 (whole coal)
0.0005 (whole coal)
0.0005 (ash)
0.003 (ash)
0.0003 (ash)
0.0005 (ash)
0.02 (ash)
0.00002 (ash)
0.0005 (ash)
0.0001 (ash)
0.0001 (ash)
0.0005 (ash)
0.001 (ash)
Reference document or Russian
Institute proposing standard
method
GOST 10478-751
IMGRE2
NSAM 218-X3
NSAM 97-YAF
NSAM 155-XC
GOST 9326-77
LAR OIYaI4
NSAM 106-C
NSAM 64-X
NSAM 61-C
GGP “Yuzhgeologiya”5
NSAM 85-X
GOST 12711-77
GOST 10175-75
NSAM 241 -X/YAF
IMR6
NSAM 229-X
NSAM 61-C
NSAM 103-X
GOST 24766-81
NSAM 246-C
IMGRE
IMGRE
TsL GGP “Kamchatgeologiya”7
NSAM 61-C
NSAM 179-X
NSAM 110-C
NSAM 228-X
NSAM 190-X
SAIGIMS8
NSAM 214-PC
NSAM 123-X
NSAM 181-PC
NSAM 20-XC
NSAM 412-YAF
GOST 10538-87
NSAM 226-X
NSAM 412-YAF
IMGRE
NSAM 246-C
NSAM 155-XC
NSAM 176-X
GOST (GOSSTANDART)-Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization,
Metrology, and Certification, Moscow, Russia
2
IMGRE-Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Crystal Chemistry of Rare Elements,
Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
3
NSAM 218-X-Scientific (Nauchny) Council (Soviet) on Analytical Methods for the
Former Soviet Union and Russia, Moscow, Russia
4
LAR OIYal-Laboratory of Nuclear Reactor of the Combined Institute of Nuclear
Investigations, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dubna, Russia
5
GGP “Yuzhgeologiya”-Geological-Geophysical Party “Yuzhgeology”, Kazakhstan
Ministry of Geology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
6
IMR-Institution of Mineral Resources, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Simpheropol’,
Ukraine
7
TsL GGP “Kamchatgeologiya”-Central Laboratory of the Geological-Geophysical Party,
Kamchatgeology, Russian Federation Ministry of Geology, Petropavlovsky, Kamchatka
8
SAIGIMS(Sredne-Asiatsky)-Middle Asian State Institute of Mineral Resources, Ministry
of Geology of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
If the value for any parameter in the database tables 1-5 (Appendix B) was not
determined, the number -9999 is listed. For values that were determined below the detection
limit of analytical method, the number -9988 is listed (see Appendix B, table 3). In the
columns listing lithological composition of coal bearing strata, inertinite content, liptinite
content, and mineral composition of coal in the database (Appendix B, tables 1 and 2) the
number –8888 is listed where the values were determined below the one percent limit.
Starting the ArcView Project
In order to assure complete cross-platform access and to make the project as simple to use as
possible, there are two versions of the ArcView project presented on this CD-ROM. The
directory fsucoal/views contains the version (fsucoal.apr) designed for any computer platform
supporting ArcView v3.0 or later, along with data and ancillary files. The directory is
configured to be self-contained and can be copied to the user's hard drive. The directory
fsucoal/views also contains the version (fsu_win.apr) that is designed specifically for
Windows 95/98/NT/2000 operating systems and requires no action by the user in order to
view.
For fastest performance, and to enable the
coal washability hotlink tool, it is suggested
that the user copy the directory views to a
local hard drive in a directory named
fsucoal.
Windows Platforms:
There are two versions of the ArcView project on this disk. Both are found in the directory
fsucoal/views.
fsu_win.apr can be accessed on Windows 95/98/NT/2000 platforms, when ArcView is
installed, with no modifications necessary by double-clicking the file either on the CD_ROM
or on the hard drive.
Most users using Windows operating systems will prefer to access fsu_win.apr
to view the ArcView project.
fsucoal.apr can be accessed on any operating system that supports ArcView, when ArcView
is installed, after modifications to systems files are accomplished.
To access fsucoal.apr it is necessary to define the environmental variable FSUCOAL which is
intended to direct paths to the root of this CD_ROM or final directory on the hard drive.
On Windows 95/98 platforms it is necessary to define FSUCOAL in the autoexec.bat file
as follows:
set FSUCOAL=<CD-ROM drive letter> for example if the CD-ROM is drive f, set
FSUCOAL=f:
You must restart your computer for this change to take effect.
On Windows NT/2000 platforms, users can define FSUCOAL by mouse clicking to
START, SETTINGS, CONTROL PANEL, SYSTEM, and then ENVIRONMENT and
defining FSUCOAL as the variable, and the CD-ROM drive letter followed by a colon as the
value.
Other Platforms:
fsucoal.apr can be accessed on any operating system that supports ArcView, when ArcView
3.x is installed, after modifications to systems files are accomplished.
On a Macintosh platform (ArcView version 3.0) modify the "startup" file in the Preferences
folder of the System folder with:
System.SetEnvVar ("FSUCOAL", "OF01104")
An example "startup" file, startup, can be found in the directory views/misc, which can be
dragged into the system icon.
(If the directory views is copied to a local hard drive the context would be:
System.SetEnvVar("FSUCOAL","x"), where x is the name of the directory (fsucoal as
above) where the directory views has been copied).
On a UNIX platform, either modify the user's .cshrc file or use a setenv statement at the
command prompt.
An example .cshrc, which includes environmental variables for all of the CD-ROM
publications of the U.S. Geological Survey World Energy Project, is included in the directory
views/misc.
Or, at the command prompt, the statement: setenv FSUCOAL /cdrom/of01104 will define
the environmental variable.
ArcView version 3.0 was used to develop this publication in order to ensure that any ArcView
license version 3.0 or later can read the project.
It is necessary to have ArcView v3.0 or later installed in order to view the project.
When opened in ArcView 3.1 or ArcView 3.2 there may be a message asking whether to
upgrade to v3.1 or v3.2 tools. It is suggested that the user respond no. There will still be tools
and buttons not intended in the original project, but they have no impact on the functionality of
the project.
The interface has been simplified to make viewing easier. Users wishing more functionality
can create a new project with the shapefiles provided. Legend files containing geologic age
colors and other cartographic representations are also provided in the fsucoal/views/misc
directory.
The spatial data are presented in the ArcView project as shape files in "Geographic" latitude
and longitude coordinates. The shapefiles are found in the directory fsucoal/views/shapes.
The views are projected to Lambert Equal Area Azimuthal projection. The views depicting
more detailed maps of specific basins or deposits are presented here as graphic images with
point shapefiles to allow the user to query the database for information on specific data
points. These point shapefiles are found in the directory fsucoal/views/sketch, and are not
georeferenced. Shape files used to present the cross-sections in the ArcView project are also
not georeferenced and are found in the directory fsucoal/views/x-section.
Presentations of the coal quality and geologic data are organized in the ArcView project in
three categories: Views, Legends and X-section, seen in the project window. The user can
click on the category icon to see the list of available presentations. There are also pull-down
menus, where they can be accessed. The category Views includes georeferenced views of coal
quality and geologic data, and basin-scale views that are not georeferenced. The category
Legends includes map legends for the basin-scale views and the cross-sections. The category
X-section includes cross-section presentations.
ArcView project views
The Coal Quality and Resources of the Former Soviet Union (FSU) ArcView project
contains 10 views and 4 cross-section pseudo views. Three views contain georeferenced
spatial data: the coal basins and territories of the FSU, the coal resources of the FSU, and the
surface geology of the FSU. Four graphic views include image files that are registered with
ungeoreferenced coal data point files: the Donetsky geology and coal resource views and the
Kuznetsky geology and coal resource views. Three other views are neither georeferenced nor
registered: the Ekibastuz Basin geology, the Fan-Yagnob geology, and the Tkvarchel’skoye
coal resources. All the views include different themes as shape files (extension “shp”) and
many views contain table joins and links. Some themes within the project views have
minimum and maximum display scales set. Users wishing to change these display scales can
do so by accessing the theme properties menu.
The spatial data are presented in the ArcView project as shape files in "Geographic"
latitude and longitude coordinates. The shapefiles are found in the directory
fsucoal/views/shapes. The views are projected to Lambert Equal Area Azimuthal projection.
The views depicting more detailed maps of specific basins or deposits are presented here as
graphic images with point shapefiles to allow the user to query the database for information
on specific data points. These point shapefiles are found in the directory fsucoal/views/sketch,
and are not georeferenced. Shape files used to present the cross-sections in the ArcView
project are also not georeferenced and are found in the directory fsucoal/views/x-section.
The Coal Resources of the Former Soviet Union view (modified from Tyzhnov and
Molchanov, 1976) includes12 themes:
ArcView shape file
coal data point (coal_pt.shp)
political boundaries (cis.shp)
coal deposit rank(coal_dep.shp)
capital city (capitals.shp)
selected city (cities.shp)
roads (roads.shp)
railroad (rail.shp)
river (rivers.shp)
coal basin boundaries (coalbnd.shp)
coal basins (basins.shp)
inland water body (lakes.shp)
Former Republics of the Soviet Union
(cis.shp)
ArcView joins and links
The coal data point theme table includes 4
joins using the general.dbf, std_char.dbf,
mineral.dbf, and elemcomp.dbf files; and
one link with the washdata.dbf.
The coal deposit theme table contains 3
joins using the terr.dbf, dep.dbf, and
mark.dbf files.
The coal resources theme table contains 4
joins using the terr.dbf, dep.dbf, mark.dbf,
and coal_res.dbf files
The Surface Geology of the Former Soviet Union view (from Persits, Ulmishek, and
Steinshouer, 1998) includes 8 themes:
ArcView shape file name
political boundary (cis.shp)
coal data point (coal_pt.shp)
coal deposit rank(coal_dep.shp)
ArcView joins, links, and file type
The coal data point theme table includes 4
joins using the general.dbf, std_char.dbf,
mineral.dbf, and elemcomp.dbf files; and
one link with the washdata.dbf.
The coal deposit theme table contains 3
joins using the terr.dbf, dep.dbf, and
mark.dbf files.
river (rivers.shp)
roads (roads.shp)
railroad (rail.shp)
selected city (cities.shp)
geologic age (fsu_geol.shp)
The Donetsky Coal Resources view (modified from Kuznetsov, 1963) is not
georeferenced and has two themes:
ArcView file name
coal data point (point_don.shp)
Donetsky basin coal resources
(donresor.tif)
ArcView joins and links
The coal data point theme is linked to the
coal washability table, washdata.dbf
Tiff image
The Donetsky Basin Geology view (modified from Kuznetsov, 1963) is not
georeferenced and contains two themes:
ArcView file name
coal data point (point_don.shp)
Donetsky basin geology (dongeo.tif )
ArcView joins and links
The coal data point theme is linked to the
coal washability table, washdata.dbf
Tiff image
The Kuznetsky Basin Coal Resources view (modified from Ammosov, 1969) is not
georeferenced and contains three themes:
ArcView file name
underground coal mine (point_suz.shp)
open pit coal mine (pit_kuz.shp)
Kuznetsky Basin Coal Resources
(kuzres.tif)
ArcView joins and links
The underground coal mine theme is linked
to the coal washability table, washdata.dbf
The open pit coal mine theme is linked to
the coal washability table, washdata.dbf
Tiff image
The Kuznetsky Basin Geology view (modified from Ammosov, 1969) view is not
georeferenced and contains three themes:
ArcView file name
underground coal mine (point_suz.shp)
open pit coal mine (pit_kuz.shp)
Kuznetsky Basin Geology (kuzgeo.tif)
ArcView joins and links
The underground coal mine theme is linked
to the coal washability table, washdata.dbf
The open pit coal mine theme is linked to
the coal washability table, washdata.dbf
Tiff image
The Ekibastuz Geology view (modified from Bekman, V.M., 1989) contains only
ekigeo.tif, an ungeoreferenced image file of the geologic map while the Fan-Yagnob Geology
view (modified from Goroshko, E.V., 1992) contains only fangeo.tif, an ungeoreferenced
image file of the geologic map and the Tkvarchel’skoye Coal Resources view (modified from
Chichua, B.K., 1990) contains only tkvgeol1.tif, an ungeoreferenced image file of the map.
The Coal Basins and Territories of the FSU view contains 7 different themes:
coal data point (coal_pt.shp)
capital city (capitals.shp)
selected city (cities.shp)
political boundary (cis.shp)
coal basins and deposits (deposit.shp)
coal basins and territories (territory.shp)
The coal data point theme table includes 4
joins using the general.dbf, std_char.dbf,
mineral.dbf, and elemcomp.dbf files; and
one link with the washdata.dbf.
The coal basins and deposits theme
contains one join using the dep.dbf file
The coal basins and territories theme
contains one join using the terr.dbf file
Former Republics of the Soviet Union
(cis.shp)
There are 4 graphic cross-section pseudo views that are accessed by the cross section
pull-down menu or the cross section button: the Ekibastuz cross sections A and B (modified
from Bekman, V.M., 1989) and Fan Yagnob cross sections A and B (modified from
Goroshko, E.V., 1992). Using the hotlink button by clicking on the cross-section line when
the Ekobastuz or Fan Yagnob geology views are active can also access the cross-section
views. These pseudo views contain several different themes consisting of shape files with
associated legend files stored in the X-section and Misc directories, respectively.
Cited References
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 1999, Standard classification of coals
by rank, D388-98a: in 1999 Annual Book of ASTM Standards: Petroleum products,
lubricants, and fossil fuels, sect. 5, v.05.05: Gaseous fuels, coal, and coke: Philadelphia,
Pa., ASTM, 522 p.
Ammosov, I.I, ed., 1969, Kuznetsky, Gorlovsky basseyny I drugiye ugol’niye
mestorozhdeniya Zapadnoy Sibiri, Tom 7 of Geologiya mestorozhdeniy uglya i
goryuchikh slantsev SSSR [Kuznetsky and Gorlovsky coal deposits of Western Siberia,
Volume 7 of Geology of coal and combustible shale deposits of the USSR]: Moscow,
Nedra, 912 p. [In Russian]
Babkin, V.S., ed., 1981, Ugli burye, kamennye i antratsity. Razdeleniye na stadii
metamorfizma i klassy po pokazateliam otrazheniya vitrinita [Brown coals, hard coals
and anthracites. Subdivision by stages of methamorphism and vitrinite reflectance
classes]: GOSSTANDART, GOST 21489-76, Governmental Standard of the USSR,
Moscow, Standards Publishing House, 4 . [In Russian]
Bekman, V.M., ed., 1989, Provedeniye sravnitel`nogo analiza kachestva kamennykh uglei i
zakonomernostei razmescheniya tipov uglei po otdel`nym
basseynam/mestorozhdeniyam (poprogramme Soveta Economicheskoi
Vzaimopomoschi) Karagandinsky I Aekibastuzsky basseiny. Skhematicheskaya karta
razvedannosti Aekibastuzskogo kamennougol`nogo basseina, masshtaba 1:25,000
[Comparison analysis of hard coal quality and regularities of geological setting due to
different basins/deposits (according to the program of the Council of Economical
Mutual Aid), Karagandinsky and Aekibastuzsky basins. Exploration map of the
Aekibastuzsky hard coal basin, Scale 1:25,000]: Centrkazgeologiya [CentralKazakhstan Industrial Geological Association] Ministry of Geology of the Kazakh
USSR, Almaty. [In Russian]
Cherepovsky, V.F., Rogova, V.M., and Kler, V.R., eds., 1996, Tsenniye i toksichniye
elementy v tovarnykh ugliakh Rossii. Spravochnik [Valuable and toxic elements in
commercial coals of the Russia], Moscow: Nedra, 238 p.[In Russian]
Chichua, B.K., ed., 1990, Geologo-tekhnologicheskoye kartirovaniye iskopayemykh ugley
Gruzii. Skhematicheskaya karta marochnogo sostava uglei Tkvarchel`skogo
mestorozhdeniya, masshtaba 1:16,500 [Geological-technological mapping of fossil
coals of Georgia. Schematic map of coal mark composition of the Tkvarchel`sky
deposit, Scale 1:16,500]: Tbilisi. [In Russian]
Eriomin, I.V. and Bronovetz, T.M., 1994, Marochny sostav ugley i ikh ratsional`noye
ispol`zovaniye [Coal mark composition and perspective trends of coal utilization]:
Moscow, Nedra, 254 p. [In Russian]
Eriomin, I.V. and Bronovetz, T.M., eds., 1987, Ugli kamennye: Metod opredeleniya
plastometricheskikh polazateley [Method of determination of plastometric indices for
hard coals]: GOSSTANDART, GOST 1186-87, Governmental Standard of the USSR,
Moscow, Standards Publishing House, 17 p. [In Russian]
Fiodorova, R.S., ed., 1995, Ugli kamennye i antratsity (Ugli srednego i vysokogo rangov)
[Hard coals and anthracites (Coals of mean and high ranks)]: GOSSTANDART, GOST
30313-95, Governmental Standard of the USSR, Minsk, Interrepublican Council on
Standartization, Metrology and Certification, 12 p. [In Russian]
Goroshko, E.V., ed., 1992, Metallonosnost` ugley Central`nogo Tadjikistana.
Skhematicheskaya geologicheskaya karta kamennougol`nogo mestorozhdeniya PhanYagnob. [Metal-bearing capacity of coals of Central Tadjikistan. Schematic geological
map of the Phan-Yagnob hard coal deposit, Scale 1:25,000]: Magiansky geological
survey expedition, Tadjgeologiya (Ministry of Geology of Tadjik Republik and
Industrial Association), Dushanbe. [In Russian]
Kler, V.R., Nenakhova, V.F., and Shpirt, M.Yak., eds., 1987, Metallogeniya i geokhimiya
uglenosnykh i slanets-soderzhaschykh tolsch SSSR. Geokhimiya elementov
[Metallogeny and geochemistry of coal-bearing and fuel shale-bearing strata of the
USSR. Geochemistry of elements]: Moscow, Nauka 256 p. [In Russian].
Kler, V.R., Nenakhova, V.F., Shpirt, M.Yak., eds, 1988, Metallogeniya i geokhimiya
uglenosnykh i slanets-soderzhaschykh tolsch SSSR. Zakonomernosti kontsentratsii
elementov i metody ikh izucheniya [Metallogeny and geochemistry of coal-bearing and
fuel shale-bearing strata of the USSR. Regularities of elements concentration and
methods of investigation]: Moscow, Nauka, 240 p. [In Russian]
Knapp, Ron, 2000, Environmental Challenges for Coal, Seminar on Environmentally Clean
Coal Technologies in the Russian Sector, Reformugol Foundation, Moscow, July 4-5,
2000: World Coal Institute Web site, www.wci-coal.com., 6 p.
Kuznetsov, I.A., ed., 1963, Ugol'niye basseyny i mestorozhdeniya yuga evropeyskoy chasti
SSSR, Tom 1 of Geologiya mestorozhdeniy uglya i goryuchikh slantsev SSSR [Coal
basins and deposits in the southern European part of the USSR, Volume 1 of Geology of
coal and combustible shale deposits of the USSR]:, Moscow, Nedra. 1963, 1210 p. [in
Russian]
Persits, F.M., Ulmishek, G.F., and Steinshouer, D.W., 1998, Map showing geology, oil and
gas fields, and geologic provinces of the Former Soviet Union: U.S. Geological Survey
Open File Report 97-470E, CD-ROM.
Sapozhnikov, L.M. and Bazilevich, L.P., 1935, Investigation of the Coking Process:
Classification of Coals and Calculation of Coking Mixtures on the Basis of the
Plastometric Method: State Scientific Publishing House of Ukraine, Kharkov, 33 p.
Shpirt, M.Yak., Kler, V.R., and Pertzikov, I.R., 1990, Neorganicheskiye komponenty
tviordykh topliv [Inorganic compounds of solid fuels]: Moscow, Khimiya, 240 p. [In
Russian]
Tyzhnov, A.V. and Molchanov, I.I, eds., 1976, Obzornaya karta ugol`nykh basseynov i
mestorozhdeniy SSSR (s ukazaniyem marochnogo sostava ugley), List 1, Tom 12 of
Geologiya mestorozhdeniy uglya i goryuchikh slantsev SSSR, masshtaba 1:7500000
[Survey map of coal basins and deposits of the USSR (with indication of the coal mark
composition), plate 1, Volume 12 of Geology of coal and combustible shale deposits of
the USSR, scale 1:7,500,000]: Moscow, Nedra, 259 p. [In Russian]
Ulanov, N.N., 1975, Ugli Zabaikal`ya [Coals of Transbaikalia]: Rostov-na-Donu, Rostov-naDonu University, 146 p. [In Russian]
World Coal Institute, 2000, World Coal Institute web site, www.wci-coal.com.
Yeriomin, I.V., ed., 1988, Burye ugli, kamennye ugli i antratsity. Klassifikatsiya po
geneticheskim i technologicheskim parametram, [Brown coals, hard coals and
anthracites. Classification according to the genetic and technological parameters]:
GOSSTANDART, GOST 25543-88, Governmental Standard of the USSR, Moscow:
Printing house of Standards, 20 p. [In Russian]
Yudovitch Yak.Yel., Ketris M.P., and Mertz A.V., 1985, Redkiye elementy v iskopayemykh
ugliakh [Trace elements in fossil coals]: Leningrad, Nauka, 239 p. [in Russian]
Appendix A: References cited in the Russian coal sample point database in ArcView Project
of the Former Soviet Union.
Reference index
number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
8
10
Reference listed in Attributes of Coal Data Points and General
Characteristics tables, Appendix B.
Vdovchenko, M.I., ed., 1979, Energeticheskoye toplivo SSSR. Spravochnik
[Energy Fuel of the USSR. Reference book]: Moscow, Energoatomizdat, 129
p. [In Russian]
Vdovchenko, M.I., ed., 1991, Energeticheskoye toplivo SSSR. Spravochnik
[Energy Fuel of the USSR. Reference book]: Moscow, Energoatomizdat, 184
p. [In Russian]
Kuznetsov, I.A., ed., 1963, Ugol'niye basseyny i mestorozhdeniya yuga
evropeyskoy chasti SSSR, Tom 1 of Geologiya mestorozhdeniy uglya i
goryuchikh slantsev SSSR [Coal basins and deposits in the southern
European part of the USSR, Volume 1 of Geology of coal and combustible
shale deposits of the USSR]:, Moscow, Nedra. 1963, 1210 p. [in Russian]
Kotlukov, V.A., ed., 1962, Podmoskovny basseyn i drugiye mestorozhdeniya
uglya tsentral’nykh i vostochnykh oblastey Evropeyskoy chasti RSFSR, Tom
2 of Geologiya mestorozhdeniy uglya i goryuchikh slantsev SSSR
[Podmoskovny basin and other deposits of coal in the central and eastern
European part of RSFSR, Volume 2 of Geology of coal and combustible
shale deposits of the USSR]: Moscow, Nedra, 570 p. [In Russian]
Yariskabtsev, G.M., ed., 1965, Pechorsky ugol'ny basseyn i drugiye
mestorozhdeniya uglya Komi ASSR i Nenetskogo Natsional’nogo okruga,
Tom 3 of Geologiya mestorozhdeniy uglya i goryuchikh slantsev SSSR
[Pechorsky coal basin and other deposits of coal in the Komi ASSR and
Nenetsky National District, Volume 3 f Geology of coal and combustible shale
deposits of the USSR]: Moscow, Nedra, 491 p. [In Russian]
Mironov, K. B., ed., 1967, Ugol’niye basseyny i mestorozhdeniya Urala, Tom
4 of Geologiya mestorozhdeniy uglya i goryuchikh slantsev SSSR [Coal
basins and deposits of the Urals, Volume 4 of Geology of coal and
combustible shale deposits of the USSR]: Moscow, Nedra, 476 p. [In
Russian]
Ammosov, I.I, ed., 1969, Kuznetsky, Gorlovsky basseyny I drugiye ugol’niye
mestorozhdeniya Zapadnoy Sibiri, Tom 7 of Geologiya mestorozhdeniy uglya
i goryuchikh slantsev SSSR [Kuznetsky and Gorlovsky coal deposits of
Western Siberia, Volume 7 of Geology of coal and combustible shale
deposits of the USSR]: Moscow, Nedra, 912 p. [In Russian]
Ryabokon, N.F., ed., 1964, Kansko-Achinsky, Tungussky, Irkutsky i drugiye
basseyny Krasnoyarskogo Kraya, Irkutskoy oblasti i Tuvinskoy ASSR, Tom 8
of Geologiya mestorozhdeniy uglya i goryuchikh slantsev SSSR [KanskoAchinsky, Tungussky, Irkutsky and other basins in the Krasnoyarsk area in
the Irkutsk Region and Tuvinskaya ASSR, Volume 8 of Geology of coal and
combustible shale deposits of the USSR]: Moscow, Nedra 790 p. [In Russian]
Petrovsky, G.D., ed., 1973, Ugol’niye basseyny i mestorozhdeniya
Zabaikal’ya, Yakutskoy ASSR, Dal’nego Vostoka, O. Sakhalin i Ostrovov
Ledovitogo Okeana, Tom 9, Kniga 1, of Geologiya mestorozhdeniy uglya i
goryuchikh slantsev SSSR [Coal basins and deposits of the Zabaykal’ya,
Yakutskaya ASSR, Far East, Island Sakhalin and Islands of the Arctic Ocean,
Volume 9, Book 1 of Geology of coal and combustible shale deposits of the
USSR]: Moscow, Nedra, 691 p. [In Russian]
Popov, G.G., ed., 1962, Ugol’niye basseyny i mestorozhdeniya SeveroVostoka SSSR i Kamchatki, Tom 10 of Geologiya mestorozhdeniy uglya i
goryuchikh slantsev SSSR [Coal basins and deposits of northeastern USSR
and Kamchatka, Volume 10 of Geology of coal and combustible shale
deposits of the USSR]: Moscow, Nedra, 403 p. [In Russian]
Eriomin, I.V., ed., 1975, Petrologiya paleozoyskikh ugley SSSR [Petrology of
the Paleozoic coals of the USSR]: Moscow, Nedra, 215 p. [in Russian]
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Tyzhnov, A.V. and Molchanov, I.I, eds., 1976, Obzornaya karta ugol`nykh
basseynov i mestorozhdeniy SSSR (s ukazaniyem marochnogo sostava
ugley), List 1, Tom 12 of Geologiya mestorozhdeniy uglya i goryuchikh
slantsev SSSR, masshtaba 1:7500000 [Survey map of coal basins and
deposits of the USSR (with indication of the coal mark composition), plate 1,
Volume 12 of Geology of coal and combustible shale deposits of the USSR,
scale 1:7,500,000]: Moscow, Nedra.
Tyzhnov, A.V., ed., 1979, Karta mestorozhdeniy yglia I goruchikh slantsev
SSSR [Map of coal and combustible shale deposits of the USSR]: Moscow,
MinUgleProm SSSR, scale 1:2,500,000. [In Russian]
Nikoda, V.I., ed., 1998, Polnyi perechen` ugol`noy produktsii Rossii.
Klassifikator [Entire list of the coal production of Russia. Classifier], Moscow,
Informugol’, 89 p. number of pages needed
Eriomin, I.V., ed., 1988, Burye ugli, kamennye ugli i antratsity. Klassifikatsiya
po geneticheskim i technologicheskim parametram [Brown coals, hard coals
and anthracites. Classification according to the genetic and technological
parameters]: GOSSTANDART, GOST 25543-88, Governmental Standard of
the USSR, Moscow, Printing house of Standards, 20 p. [In Russian]
Economic Commission for Europe, 1988, International Codification System
for Medium- and High-Rank Coals: Economic Commission for Europe,
E/ECE/115, United Nations, New York, 39 p.
Kler V.R. and Mironov K.V., 1987, Instruktsiya po izucheniyu i otsenke
poputnykh tvyordykh poleznykh iskopayemykh i komponentov pri razvedke
mestorozhdeniy uglya i goryuchikh slantsev [Instruction for the research and
estimation of the companion solid minerals and components during the
exploration of coal and combustible shale deposits]: Moscow, Nauka, 136 p.
[In Russian]
Ulyanov, I.A. and Soldatenkov, A.P., eds., 1975, Ugli SSSR. Spravochnik
[Coals of the USSR, Reference Book], Moscow: Nedra, 308 p. [in Russian]
Yudovitch Yak.Yel., Ketris M.P., and Mertz A.V., 1985, Redkiye elementy v
iskopayemykh uglyakh [Rare elements in fossil coals]: Leningrad, Nauka, 239
p. [in Russian]
Coal Quality Inc., 1991, Coal Quality Information Book (Second Edition).
Volume 1:Appalachia: Coal Quality Inc., GS-7194, Research Project 140023. Final report, May 1991, 185 p.
Eriomin, I.V., Bronovetz T.M., Hrustzel Z., and Mechkovsky, M., 1991,
Proyekt mezhdunarodnoy klassifikatsii ugley srednego ranga [International
Middle Rank Coal Classification Project]: Chemical Solid Fuel, no. 1, p. 3-11.
[in Russian].
Kler, V.R., Nenakhova, V.F., and Shpirt, M.Yak., eds., 1987, Metallogeniya i
geokhimiya uglenosnykh i slanets-soderzhashchykh tolshch SSSR.
Geokhimiya elementov [Metallogeny and geochemistry of coal-bearing and
combustible shale-bearing rocks of the USSR. Geochemistry of elements]:
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25
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44
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goryuchikh slantsev Kazakhstana. Spravochnik [Basins and deposits of coal
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Blagov, I.S., and Kotkin, A.M., eds., 1965, Spravochnik po kachestvu i
obogatimosti kamennykh ugley i antratsitov Ukrainskoy SSR, Tom 1
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Ukraine SSR, Volume 1]: Moscow, Nedra, 319 p. [In Russian]
Blagov, I.S., and Kotkin, A.M., eds., 1966, Kharakteristika obogatimosti
kamennykh ugley Ukrainskoy SSR, Tom 2 [Characteristics of the washability
of hard coals of the Ukraine SSR, Volume 2]: Moscow, Nedra, 328 p. [In
Russian]
Blagov, I.S., and Kotkin, A.M., eds., 1967, Kharakteristika obogatimosti
antratsitov Ukrainskoy SSR, Tom 3 [Characteristics of the washability of
anthracites of the Ukraine SSR, Volume 3]. Moscow, Nedra, 136 p. [In
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[Petrography and physical properties of coals]: Moscow, Nedra, 263 p. [In
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Nauka, 187 p. [In Russian]
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IGI, pp. 12-20. [In Russian]
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topliva [Preparation and complex utilization of a fuel]: Moscow, Nedra, 256 p.
[In Russian]
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Kharanorskogo mestorozhdeniya [Physico-chemical characteristics of the
Kharanorskoye coal deposit]: Moscow, VTI, 28 p. [In Russian]
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of the Irkutsky basin]: Irkutsk, Irkutsky University Publishing House, 256 p. [In
Russian]
60
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66
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68
69
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71
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74
75
Sukhorukov, A.M., 1998, Ugol`niye mestorozhdeniya i proyavleniya
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Russian]
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stadii geologo-razvedochnykh rabot [Coal washability assay at the geological
prospecting stage]: Moscow, Nedra, 120 p. [In Russian]
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of coal deposits of the USSR]: Moscow, Moscow University Publishing
House, 350 p. [In Russian]
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[Reference book on the coal washability]: Moscow, Nedra, 158 p. [In Russian]
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coals]: Moscow, VIEMS, 78 p. [In Russian]
Kizil`shtein, L.Ya. and Shpitzgluz A.L., 1998, Atlas mikrokomponentov i
petrogeneticheskikh tipov antratsitov [Atlas of the microcomponent and
petrogenetic types of anthracites]: Rostov-na-Donu, Rostov-na-Donu
University, 113 p. [In Russian]
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promyshlennosti Rossii [Classifier of the departments and enterprises of the
Russian coal industry]: Moscow, Rosinform, 270 p. [In Russian]
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stadii metamorfizma i klassy po pokazatelyam otrazheniya vitrinita [Brown
coals, hard coals and anthracites. Subdivision by stages of metamorphism
and vitrinite reflectance classes]: GOSSTANDART, GOST 21489-76,
Governmental Standard of the USSR, Moscow, Standards Publishing House,
4 p. [In Russian]
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vysokogo rangov) [Hard coals and anthracites (Coals of mean and high
ranks)]: GOSSTARDART, GOST 30313-95, Governmental Standard of the
USSR, Minsk, Interrepublican Council on Standartization, Metrology and
Certification, 12 p. [In Russian]
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dobyvayemykh ugley i vypuska produktov obogascheniya v 1999 g.
[Reference-book on the characteristics of quality, volume of the produced
coals and washability products in 1999]: Lugansk, Gosstandart Ukrainy, 50 p.
[In Russian]
Dvornikov, A.G. and Kirikilitse, S.I., 1987, Rtutonosnost` ugley Donetskogo
basseyna [Mercury-bearing capacity of coals of the Donetsky basin]:
Moscow, Nedra, 158 p. [In Russian]
Grechukhin, V.V., ed., 1992, Litologicheskiye i petrofizicheskiye issledovaniya
uglenosnykh otlozheniy v Zapadnom Donbasse [Lithological and
petrophysical researches in coal-bearing deposits in Western Donbass]:
Soviet Geology, no. 4, p. 65-71 [In Russian]
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kachestvu kamennykh ugley i antratsitov Donetskogo i L`vovsko-Volynskogo
basseynov [Reference-book on the quality of hard coals and anthracites of
the Donetsky and L`vov-Volyn` coal basins]: Moscow, Nedra, 167 p. [In
Russian]
Orlov, I.V., ed., 1973, Ugol’niye basseyny I mestorozhdeniya Kazakhstana,
Tom 5, Kniga 1 of Geologiya mestorozhdeniy uglya i goryuchikh slantsev
SSSR [Coal basins and deposits of Kazakhstan, Volume 5, Book 1 of
Geology of coal and combustible shale deposits of the USSR]: Moscow,
Nedra, 720 p. [In Russian]
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Tom 5, Kniga 2 of Geologiya mestorozhdeniy uglya i goryuchikh slantsev
SSSR [Coal basins and deposits of Kazakhstan, Volume 5, Book 2 of
Geology of coal and combustible shale deposits of the USSR]: Moscow,
Nedra, 432 p. [In Russian]
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76
Azii, Tom 6 of Geologiya mestorozhdeniy uglya i goryuchikh slantsev SSSR
[Coal basins and deposits of Middle Asia, Volume 6 of Geology of coal and
combustible shale deposits of the USSR]: Moscow, Nedra, 599 p. [In
Russian]
Bespayev, Kh.A., ed., 1998, Tom II: Elementy-primesi v mestorozhdeniyakh
Kazakhstana. Spravochnik [Volume II: Impurity elements in the deposits of
Kazakhstan. Reference-book]: Almaty, Inf.-Presentation Center of Mineral
Resources of the Kazakhstan Republic, 160 p. [In Russian]
Appendix B: List of tables and characteristics of the Coal Sample database for the Former Soviet
Union ArcView Project.
Column Name Data Type
SIZE
Russian Column Description
Table 1: General characteristics, general.dbf
COALKEY
Number
11
Key field
NUMBER
Number
6
Index field
COUNTRY
Text
30
Country
REGION
Text
30
Region, state
DISTRICT
Text
30
District, county
AREA
Text
30
Land, area
CBASIN
Text
30
Coal basin name
CDEPOSIT
Text
30
Coal deposit name
STRIPNAME
Text
30
Open-cut (open-strip) name
AGE
Text
20
Geological age of coal-bearing sediments
GOSTMARK
Text
20
Coal mark according to GOST 25543-88: capital letter notation
METGRADE
Text
10
Coal metamorphism grade
MINENAME
Text
30
Mine name
COMPANY
Text
30
Coal mining company (ies)
SAMPTYPE
Text
15
Coal sample name: commercial, composite, etc.
Geographical location
DLAT
Text
11
Latitude
DLONG
Text
11
Longitude
Text
6
Ordinal number on the 1:7,500,000 scale map of coal deposits
ORDNUM_76
of the former USSR (1976)
Text
6
Ordinal number on the 1:2,500,000 scale map of coal deposits
ORDNUM_70
of the former USSR (1976)
DEPTYPE
Text
4
Character of coal deposit: single-bed or multi-bed
CBEDNAME
Text
30
Coal bed name
Coal bed thickness, meters
ZONE_THK
Text
8
Total coal zone thickness, meters
MINEDTHK
Text
8
Exploited part thickness
TOTALTHK
Text
8
Entire thickness of coal beds
Coal bed bedding
DIP
Number
6
Angle of inclined strata
Degree of coal deposit exploration
STARTYR
Text
6
Mined deposit (from what year)
ENDYEAR
Text
6
Year deposit exhausted deposit
Lithology of coal-bearing strata (%)
SANDSTONE Text
6
Sandstones
SILTSTONE
Text
6
Aleurolites
ARGILLITE
Text
6
Argillites
CARBARGIL
Text
6
Coaly argillites
COAL
Text
6
Coals
Text
50
Reference to the information source (published book, map,
REFERENCE
catalogue, reference book etc.)
Table 2. Standard characteristics of coal, std_char.dbf
COALKEY
Number
11
Key field
Text
8
Mean random reflectance of vitrinite Rr , %
VR
Text
10
Text
Text
Text
8
8
8
VR_CODE
RES_OHM
ANISOTROPY
INERTINITE
Characteristics of the vitrinite reflectogram according to the
International Codification System for Mean- and High-Rank
Coals (ICS)
Electric resistance, Ohm/m (for anthracites)
Anisotropy of vitrinite reflectance AR, % (for anthracites)
Inertinite content, % by volume (mineral matter-free basis)
Immf
LIPTINITE
VOLMAT
MIN_MAT
FREESWELL
ASH
SULFUR
SULFATE
SULF_PYR
SULF_ORG
SORG_STOT
CALVAL
ICSCODE
GOSTCODE
DENSITY
MOISTURE
HUMIDITY
CARBON
HYDROGEN
NITROGEN
S_ORGDAF
OXYGEN
O_CALC
O_ORG
PHOSPHORU
S
PLASTICTHK
RESIN
HUM_ACID
BITUMENS
GRVTI
HGI
ROGA
Text
8
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
8
8
8
8
8
Text
Text
10
10
Text
Text
Text
Text
10
10
8
14
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
7
8
6
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
Text
10
Text
8
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
8
8
8
8
8
8
Liptinite content, % by volume (mineral matter-free basis) (for
brown and hard coals) Lmmf
Volatile matter content Vdaf, weight %
Mineral matter content (impurity), Md, weight %
Crucible swelling number
Ash content Ad, weight %
Total sulphur content Std, weight %
Sulphate sulphur content Ssd, weight %
Pyritic sulphur content Spd, weight %
Organic sulphur content Sod, weight %
Organic/Total sulphur COEFF, weight %
Gross calorific value (Heating value) Qidaf, MJ/kg
Coal classification code according to the International
Codification System (ICS), GOST 30313-95
Coal classification code according to the GOST 25543-88
Total analytical moisture content W ta, weight %
Total humidity (for brown coals) W maxr, weight %
Density, g/cm3
Carbon content, Cdaf, weight %
Hydrogen content Hdaf, weight %
Nitrogen content, Ndaf, weight %
Organic sulphur content, Sodaf, weight %
Oxygen content (direct determination), Ood, weight %
Oxygen content (calculation), Odaf, weight %
Oxygen content in organic matter with account of mineral
matter content, Ooo, weight %
Phosphorus content, Pd, weight %
Thickness of the plastic layer (Sapozhnikov plastometer), y,
mm (for hard coals)
Semicoking resin yield, weight % (for brown coals)
Humic acids content, weight % (for brown coals)
Bitumens content, weight % (for brown colas)
Grindability index according to the GrVTi method
Hardgrove grindability index (Friability)
Roga index (caking power)
Ash fusibility, °C
ASHDEF
Text
10
Temperature of the initial deformation, tA, ºC
ASHSOFT
Text
10
Temperature of softening, tB, ºC
ASHFLD
Text
10
Temperature of fluid, to, ºC
Table 3. Mineral composition of coal (in volume percent) and size distribution (in mm) of coal:
fraction yield and ash content in percent; mineral.dbf
Mineral composition of coal, in volume percent
COALKEY
Number
11
Key field
MINTOTAL
Text
8
Total mineral content
QUARTZ
Text
8
Quartz
CLAY
Text
8
Clay minerals
PYRITE
Text
8
Pyrite
CARBONATE Text
8
Carbonates
OTHERMIN
Text
8
Other minerals
Size distribution (in mm) of coal: fraction yield and ash content of fraction, in percent
YLD_GT100
Text
8
Yield - greater than 100 mm, %
ASH_GT100
Text
8
Ash - greater than 100 mm, %
YLD_GT50
Text
8
Yield - greater than 50 mm, %
ASH_GT50
Text
8
Ash - greater than 50 mm, %
YLD50_100
Text
8
Yield - from 50 to 100 mm, %
ASH50_100
Text
8
Ash - from 50 to 100 mm, %
YLD25_100
Text
8
Yield - from 25 to 100 mm, %
ASH25 _100
Text
8
Ash - from 25 to 100 mm, %
YLD13_100
Text
8
Yield - from 13 to 100 mm, %
ASH13_100
Text
8
Ash - from 13 to 100 mm, %
YLD25_50
Text
8
Yield - from 25 to 50 mm, %
ASH25_50
Text
8
Ash - from 25 to 50 mm, %
YLD13_50
Text
8
Yield - from 13 to 50 mm, %
ASH13_50
Text
8
Ash - from 13 t0 50 mm, %
YLD13_25
Text
8
Yield - from 13 to 25 mm, %
ASH13_25
Text
8
Ash - from 13 to 25 mm, %
YLD6-25
Text
8
Yield - from 6 to 25 mm, %
ASH6-25
Text
8
Ash - from 6 to 25 mm, %
YLD6_13
Text
8
Yield - from 6 to 13 mm, %
ASH6_13
Text
8
Ash - from 6 to 13 mm, %
YLD3_13
Text
8
Yield - from 3 to 13 mm, %
ASH3_13
Text
8
Ash - from 3 to 13 mm, %
YLD1-13
Text
8
Yield - from 1 to 13 mm, %
ASH1-13
Text
8
Ash - from 1 to 13 mm, %
YLD500-13K
Text
8
Yield - from 500 to 13000 μm, %
ASH500-13K
Text
8
Ash - from 500 to 13000 μm, %
YLD3-6
Text
8
Yield - from 3 to 6 mm, %
ASH3-6
Text
8
Ash - from 3 to 6 mm, %
YLD1_6
Text
8
Yield - from 1 to 6 mm, %
ASH1_6
Text
8
Ash - from 1 to 6 mm, %
YLD1-3
Text
8
Yield - from 1 to 3 mm, %
ASH1-3
Text
8
Ash - from 1 to 3 mm, %
YLD500_3K
Text
8
Yield - from 500 to 3000 μm, %
ASH500_3K
Text
8
Ash - from 500 to 3000 μm, %
YLD500-1K
Text
8
Yield - from 500 to 1000 μm, %
ASH500-1K
Text
8
Ash - from 500 to 1000 μm, %
YLD0_1
Text
8
Yield - from 0 to 1 mm, %
ASH0_1
Text
8
Ash - from 0 to 1 mm, %
YLD_LT500
Text
8
Yield - less than 500 μm, %
ASH_LT500
Text
8
Ash - less than 500 μm, %
Table 4. Major-, minor-, and trace-elements contents in coal, elemcomp.dbf
Major element composition of coal ash (dry basis, expressed as oxides), weight percent
COALKEY
Number
11
Key field
SIO2
Text
6
SiO2,, dry basis, weight %,
AL2O3
Text
6
Al203, dry basis, weight %,
FE2O3
Text
6
Fe203, dry basis, weight %,
CAO
Text
6
CaO, dry basis, weight %,
MGO
Text
6
MgO, dry basis, weight %
NA20
Text
6
Na20, dry basis, weight %
K2O
Text
6
K20, dry basis, weight %
TIO2
Text
8
TiO2, dry basis, weight %
MNO2
Text
8
MnO2, dry basis, weight %
P2O5
Text
8
P205, dry basis, weight %
Minor and trace elements contents in coal (as-analyzed basis, average of sample type),ppm
AG_PPM
Text
8
Silver - Ag - parts per million, average value
AG_MTHD
Text
4
Silver - Ag - analytical method
AS_PPM
Text
8
Arsenic - As - parts per million, average value
AS_MTHD
Text
4
Arsenic - As - analytical method
AU_PPM
Text
8
Gold - Au - parts per million, average value
AU_MTHD
Text
4
Gold - Au - analytical method
B_PPM
Text
8
Boron - B - parts per million, average value
B_MTHD
Text
4
Boron - B - analytical method
BA_PPM
BA_MTHD
BE_PPM
BE_MTHD
BI_PPM
BI_MTHD
BR_PPM
BR_MTHD
CD_PPM
CD_MTHD
CE_PPM
CE_MTHD
CL_PPM
CL_MTHD
CO_PPM
CO_MTHD
CR_PPM
CR_MTHD
CS_PPM
CS_MTHD
CU_PPM
CU_MTHD
DY_PPM
DY_MTHD
ER_PPM
ER_MTHD
EU_PPM
EU_MTHD
F_PPM
F_MTHD
GD_PPM
GD_MTHD
GA_PPM
GA_MTHD
GE_PPM
GE_MTHD
HG_PPM
HG_MTHD
HF_PPM
HF_MTHD
HO_PPM
HO_MTHD
I_PPM
I_MTHD
IN_PPM
IN_MTHD
IR_PPM
IR_MTHD
LA_PPM
LA_MTHD
LI_PPM
LI_MTHD
LU_PPM
LU_MTHD
MN_PPM
MN_MTHD
MO_PPM
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
Barium - Ba - parts per million, average value
Barium - Ba - analytical method
Beryllium - Be - parts per million, average value
Beryllium - Be - analytical method
Bismuth - Bi - parts per million, average value
Bismuth - Bi - analytical method
Bromine - Br - parts per million, average value
Bromine - Br - analytical method
Cadmium - Cd - parts per million, average value
Cadmium - Cd - analytical method
Cerium - Ce - parts per million, average value
Cerium - Ce - analytical method
Chlorine - Cl - parts per million, average value
Chlorine - Cl - analytical method
Cobalt - Co - parts per million, average value
Cobalt - Co - analytical method
Chromium - Cr - parts per million, average value
Chromium - Cr - analytical method
Cesium - Cs - parts per million, average value
Cesium - Cs - analytical method
Copper - Cu - parts per million, average value
Copper - Cu - analytical method
Dysprosium - Dy - parts per million, average value
Dysprosium - Dy - analytical method
Erbium - Er - parts per million, Ki
Erbium - Er - analytical method
Europium - Eu - parts per million, average value
Europium - Eu - analytical method
Fluorine - F - parts per million, average value
Fluorine - F - analytical method
Gadolinium - Gd - parts per million, average value
Gadolinium - Gd - analytical method
Gallium - Ga - parts per million, average value
Gallium - Ga - analytical method
Germanium - Ge - parts per million, average value
Germanium - Ge - analytical method
Mercury - Hg - parts per million, average value
Mercury - Hg - analytical method
Hafnium - Hf - parts per million, average value
Hafnium - Hf - analytical method
Holmium - Ho - parts per million, average value
Holmium - Ho - analytical method
Iodine - I - parts per million, average value
Iodine - I - analytical method
Indium - In - parts per million, average value
Indium - In - analytical method
Iridium - Ir - parts per million, average value
Iridium - Ir -analytical method
Lanthanum - La - parts per million, average value
Lanthanum - La - analytical method
Lithium - Li - parts per million, average value
Lithium - Li - analytical method
Lutetium - Lu - parts per million, average value
Lutetium - Lu - analytical method
Manganese - Mn - parts per million, average value
Manganese - Mn - analytical method
Molybdenum - Mo - parts per million, average value
MO_MTHD
NB_PPM
NB_MTHD
NI_PPM
NI_MTHD
OS_PPM
OS_MTHD
P_PPM
P_MTHD
PB_PPM
PB_MTHD
PD_PPM
PD_MTHD
PR_PPM
PR_MTHD
PT_PPM
PT_MTHD
RA_PPM
RA_MTHD
RB_PPM
RB_MTHD
RE_PPM
RE_MTHD
RH_PPM
RH_MTHD
RN_PPM
RN_MTHD
RU_PPM
RU_MTHD
SB_PPM
SB_MTHD
SC_PPM
SC_MTHD
SE_PPM
SE_MTHD
SM_PPM
SM_MTHD
SN_PPM
SN_MTHD
SR_PPM
SR_MTHD
TA_PPM
TA_MTHD
TB_PPM
TB_MTHD
TE_PPM
TE_MTHD
TH_PPM
TH_MTHD
TI_PPM
TI_MTHD
TL_PPM
TL_MTHD
TM_PPM
TM_MTHD
U_PPM
U_MTHD
text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
8
4
Molybdenum - Mo - analytical method
Niobium - Nb - parts per million, average value
Niobium - Nb - analytical method
Nickel - Ni - parts per million, average value
Nickel - Ni - analytical method
Osmium - Os - parts per million, average value
Osmium - Os - analytical method
Phosphorus - P - parts per million, average value
Phosphorus - P - analytical method
Lead - Pb - parts per million, average value
Lead - Pb - analytical method
Palladium - Pd - parts per million, average value
Palladium - Pd - analytical method
Praseodymium - Pr - parts per million, average value
Praseodymium - Pr - analytical method
Platinum - Pt - parts per million, average value
Platinum - Pt - analytical method
Radium - Ra - parts per million, average value
Radium - Ra - analytical method
Rubidium - Rb - parts per million, average value
Rubidium - Rb - analytical method
Rhenium - Re - parts per million, average value
Rhenium - Re - analytical method
Rhodium - Rh - parts per million, average value
Rhodium - Rh - analytical method
Radon - Rn - parts per million, average value
Radon - Rn - data collectio method
Ruthenium - Ru - parts per million, average value
Ruthenium - Ru - analytical method
Antimony - Sb - parts per million, average value
Antimony - Sb - analytical method
Scandium - Sc - parts per million, average value
Scandium - Sc - analytical method
Selenium - Se - parts per million, average value
Selenium - Se - analytical method
Samarium - Sm - parts per million, average value
Samarium - Sm - analytical method
Tin - Sn - parts per million, average value
Tin - Sn - analytical method
Strontium - Sr - parts per million, average value
Strontium - Sr - analytical method
Tantalum - Ta - parts per million, average value
Tantalum - Ta - analytical method
Terbium - Tb - parts per million, average value
Terbium - Tb - analytical method
Tellurium - Te - parts per million, average value
Tellurium - Te - analytical method
Thorium - Th - parts per million, average value
Thorium - Th - analytical method
Titanium - Ti - parts per million, average value
Titanium - Ti - analytical method
Thallium - Tl - parts per million, average value
Thallium - Tl - analytical method
Thulium - Tm - parts per million, average value
Thulium - Tm - analytical method
Uranium - U - parts per million, average value
Uranium - U - analytical method
V_PPM
Text
8
Vanadium - V - parts per million, average value
V_MTHD
Text
4
Vanadium - V - analytical method
W_PPM
Text
8
Tungsten - W - parts per million, average value
W_MTHD
Text
4
Tungsten - W - analytical method
Y_PPM
Text
8
Yttrium - Y - parts per million, average value
Y_MTHD
Text
4
Yttrium - Y - analytical method
YB_PPM
Text
8
Ytterbium - Yb - parts per million, average value
YB_MTHD
Text
4
Ytterbium - Yb - analytical method
ZN_PPM
Text
8
Zinc - Zn - parts per million, average value
ZN_MTHD
Text
4
Zinc - Zn - analytical method
ZR_PPM
Text
8
Zirconium - Zr - parts per million, average value
ZR_MTHD
Text
4 Zirconium - Zr - analytical method
Concentration coefficient (Ki) of a minor or trace element (Ki is equal to the average trace element content
in a coal sample divided by the background content or average element content derived from all analyzed
coal occurrences of the Former Soviet Union)
AG_COEFF
Text
8
Silver - Ag - concentration coefficient, Ki
AS_COEFF
Text
8
Arsenic - As - concentration coefficient, Ki
AU_COEFF
Text
8
Gold - Au - concentration coefficient, Ki
B_COEFF
Text
8
Boron - B - concentration coefficient, Ki
BA_COEFF
Text
8
Barium - Ba - concentration coefficient, Ki
BE_COEFF
Text
8
Beryllium - Be - concentration coefficient, Ki
BI_COEFF
Text
8
Bismuth - Bi - concentration coefficient, Ki
BR_COEFF
Text
8
Bromine - Br - concentration coefficient, Ki
CD_COEFF
Text
8
Cadmium - Cd - concentration coefficient, Ki
CE_COEFF
Text
8
Cerium - Ce - concentration coefficient, Ki
CL_COEFF
Text
8
Chlorine - Cl - concentration coefficient, Ki
CO_COEFF
Text
8
Cobalt - Co - concentration coefficient, Ki
CR_COEFF
Text
8
Chromium - Cr - concentration coefficient, Ki
CS_COEFF
Text
8
Cesium - Cs - concentration coefficient, Ki
CU_COEFF
Text
8
Copper - Cu - concentration coefficient, Ki
DY_COEFF
Text
8
Dysprosium - Dy - concentration coefficient, Ki
ER_COEFF
Text
8
Erbium - Er - concentration coefficient, Ki
EU_COEFF
Text
8
Europium - Eu - concentration coefficient, Ki
F_COEFF
Text
8
Fluorine - F - concentration coefficient, Ki
GD_COEFF
Text
8
Gadolinium - Gd - concentration coefficient, Ki
GA_COEFF
Text
8
Gallium - Ga - concentration coefficient, Ki
GE_COEFF
Text
8
Germanium - Ge - concentration coefficient, Ki
HG_COEFF
Text
8
Mercury - Hg - concentration coefficient, Ki
HF_COEFF
Text
8
Hafnium - Hf - concentration coefficient, Ki
HO_COEFF
Text
8
Holmium - Ho - concentration coefficient, Ki
I_COEFF
Text
8
Iodine - I - concentration coefficient, Ki
IN_COEFF
Text
8
Indium - In - concentration coefficient, Ki
IR_COEFF
Text
8
Iridium - Ir - parts per million, average value
LA_COEFF
Text
8
Lanthanum - La - concentration coefficient, Ki
LI_COEFF
Text
8
Lithium - Li - concentration coefficient, Ki
LU_COEFF
Text
8
Lutetium - Lu - concentration coefficient, Ki
MN_COEFF
Text
8
Manganese - Mn - concentration coefficient, Ki
MO_COEFF
Text
8
Molybdenum - Mo - concentration coefficient, Ki
NB_COEFF
Text
8
Niobium - Nb - concentration coefficient, Ki
NI_COEFF
Text
8
Nickel - Ni - concentration coefficient, Ki
OS_COEFF
Text
8
Osmium - Os - concentration coefficient, Ki
P_COEFF
Text
8
Phosphorus - P - concentration coefficient, Ki
PB_COEFF
Text
8
Lead - Pb - concentration coefficient, Ki
PD_COEFF
Text
8
Palladium - Pd - concentration coefficient, Ki
PR_COEFF
Text
8
Praseodymium - Pr - concentration coefficient, Ki
PT_COEFF
Text
8
Platinum - Pt - concentration coefficient, Ki
RA_COEFF
Text
8
Radium - Ra - concentration coefficient, Ki
RB_COEFF
Text
8
Rubidium - Rb - concentration coefficient, Ki
RE_COEFF
Text
8
Rhenium - Re - concentration coefficient, Ki
RH_COEFF
Text
8
Rhodium - Rh - concentration coefficient, Ki
RN_COEFF
Text
8
Radon - Rn - concentration coefficient, Ki
RU_COEFF
Text
8
Ruthenium - Ru - concentration coefficient, Ki
SB_COEFF
Text
8
Antimony - Sb - concentration coefficient, Ki
SC_COEFF
Text
8
Scandium - Sc - concentration coefficient, Ki
SE_COEFF
Text
8
Selenium - Se - concentration coefficient, Ki
SM_COEFF
Text
8
Samarium - Sm - concentration coefficient, Ki
SN_COEFF
Text
8
Tin - Sn - concentration coefficient, Ki
SR_COEFF
Text
8
Strontium - Sr - concentration coefficient, Ki
TA_COEFF
Text
8
Tantalum - Ta - concentration coefficient, Ki
TB_COEFF
Text
8
Terbium - Tb - concentration coefficient, Ki
TE_COEFF
Text
8
Tellurium - Te - concentration coefficient, Ki
TH_COEFF
Text
8
Thorium - Th - concentration coefficient, Ki
TI_COEFF
Text
8
Titanium - Ti - concentration coefficient, Ki
TL_COEFF
Text
8
Thallium - Tl - concentration coefficient, Ki
TM_COEFF
Text
8
Thulium - Tm - concentration coefficient, Ki
U_COEFF
Text
8
Uranium - U - concentration coefficient, Ki
V_COEFF
Text
8
Vanadium - V - concentration coefficient, Ki
W_COEFF
Text
8
Tungsten - W - concentration coefficient, Ki
Y_COEFF
Text
8
Yttrium - Y - concentration coefficient, Ki
YB_COEFF
Text
8
Ytterbium - Yb - concenteration coefficient, Ki
ZN_COEFF
Text
8
Zinc - Zn - concentration coefficient, Ki
ZR_COEFF
Text
8
Zirconium - Zr - concentration coefficient, Ki
KSI
Text
256
Geochemical specialization of coal, KSi
TOXICS
TEST
50
Potential toxic elements in the coal sample
Table 5. Characteristics of coal washability, density fractions and ash yields of fractions, in
percent, Washdata.dbf
NUM
Number
11
Index
COALKEY
Number
11
Key field
SIZE
Text
50
Coal fraction size, in mm
Z______
Text
1
Index
DEN_LT13
Number
16
Density fraction less than 1300 kg/m 3
DEN_13_14
Number
16
Density fraction from 1300 kg/m 3 to 1400 kg/m3
DEN_14_15
Number
16
Density fraction from 1400 kg/m 3 to 1500 kg/m3
DEN_15_16
Number
16
Density fraction from 1500 kg/m 3 to 1600 kg/m3
DEN_16_18
Number
16
Density fraction from 1600 kg/m 3 to 1800 kg/m3
DEN_GT18
Number
16
Density fraction greater than1800 kg/m 3
DEN_GT20
Number
16
Density fraction greater than 2000 kg/m3
DEN_SUM
Number
16
Sum of density fractions
ASH_LT13
Number
16
Ash yield for density fraction less than 1300 kg/m 3
ASH_13_14
Number
16
Ash yield for density fraction from 1300 kg/m 3 to 1400 kg/m3
ASH_14_15
Number
16
Ash yield for density fraction from 1400 kg/m3 to 1500 kg/m3
ASH_15_16
Number
16
Ash yield for density fraction from 1500 kg/m 3 to 1600 kg/m3
ASH_16_18
Number
16
Ash yield for density fraction from 1600 kg/m 3 to 1800 kg/m3
ASH_18_20
Number
16
Ash yield for density fraction greater than 1800 kg/m3
ASH_GT20
Number
16
Ash yield for density fraction greater than 2000 kg/m 3
ASH_SUM
Number
16
Average value ash yield for the density fractions