Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Section 3-1B
Section: Fishes: The First Vertebrates
1. What are animals that have a backbone called?
_______________________________________________________________
CHORDATES
_____ 2. Which of the following is NOT a group of chordates?
a. notochords
c. vertebrates
b. lancelets
d. tunicates
3. What is the largest group of chordates?
_______________________________________________________________
4. The four body parts that all chordates have at some point in their life are a
pharyngeal pouch, a hollow nerve chord, a notochord, and a
______________________.
VERTEBRATE CHARACTERISTICS
5. The bones that interlock to form a column to surround and protect the spinal
cord are called ______________________.
6. The tough material that the flexible parts of our ears and nose are made of is
called ______________________.
7. According to fossil records, what were the first vertebrates on Earth?
_______________________________________________________________
ARE VERTEBRATES WARM OR COLD?
8. Warm blooded animals, or ______________________, are animals that can
use energy released by the chemical reactions in their cells to warm their
bodies.
9. .Cold blooded animals, or ______________________, must depend on
sources of heat outside themselves.
10. Are birds endotherms or ectotherms?
_______________________________________________________________
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Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Directed Reading A continued
FISH CHARACTERISTICS
Match the correct definition with the correct term. Write the letter in the space
provided. Some terms will not be used.
_____ 11. fan-shaped structures that help fishes
move
_____ 12. bony structures that protect the body of a
fish
_____ 13. a row or rows of tiny sense organs that
detect water vibrations
a. scales
b. fertilization
c. lateral line
d. gill
e. fins
f. notochord
_____ 14. an organ that removes oxygen from the
water
15. Fishes use ______________________ to steer, stop, and balance.
16. What organ is responsible for exchanging oxygen from water with carbon
dioxide from the blood of a fish?
_______________________________________________________________
17. By what method do most fishes reproduce?
_______________________________________________________________
18. Describe the process of external fertilization.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
19. Describe the process if internal fertilization.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
KINDS OF FISHES
_____ 20. How many different classes of fishes living today are there?
a. two
c. four
b. three
d. five
_____ 21. This class of fishes has smooth, slimy skin, a skeleton made of
cartilage, and a round, jawless mouth.
a. jawless fishes
c. cartilaginous fishes
b. bony fishes
d. extinct fishes
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Holt Science and Technology
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Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Directed Reading A continued
_____ 22. Lampreys and hagfish belong to what class of fishes?
a. jawless fishes
c. cartilaginous fishes
b. bony fishes
d. extinct fishes
_____ 23. What class of fishes has fully functional jaws, and are strong swimmers
and expert predators?
a. jawless fishes
c. cartilaginous fishes
b. bony fishes
d. extinct fishes
_____ 24. Sharks, skates, and rays belong to what class of fishes?
a. jawless fishes
c. cartilaginous fishes
b. bony fishes
d. extinct fishes
_____ 25. This class of fishes store oil in their livers to help them stay afloat.
a. jawless fishes
c. cartilaginous fishes
b. bony fishes
d. extinct fishes
_____ 26. Ninety-five percent of all fishes belong to which class?
a. jawless fishes
c. cartilaginous fishes
b. bony fishes
d. extinct fishes
_____ 27. What class of fishes has a skeleton made of bone and bodies covered
by bony scales?
a. jawless fishes
c. cartilaginous fishes
b. bony fishes
d. extinct fishes
_____ 28. This class of fishes can rest in one place without swimming.
a. jawless fishes
c. cartilaginous fishes
b. bony fishes
d. extinct fishes
_____ 29. What is the name for the balloonlike organ in bony fishes that is filled
with oxygen and other gases?
a. gill
c. lateral line system
b. lobe
d. swim bladder
_____ 30. Lobe-finned fishes and ray-finned fishes belong to which class?
a. jawless fishes
c. cartilaginous fishes
b. bony fishes
d. sharks
_____ 31. Lungfishes belong to which class?
a. jawless fishes
c. cartilaginous fishes
b. bony fishes
d. sharks
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
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Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Skills Worksheet
Section 3-1B Review
UNDERSTANDING KEY IDEAS
_____ 3. At some point in its life, every chordate has each of the following
EXCEPT
a. a tail.
b. a notochord.
c. a hollow nerve cord.
d. a backbone.
5. What are four characteristics shared by most fishes?
a. _____________________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________________________
d. _____________________________________________________________
6. What are the three classes of living fish?
a. _____________________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________________________
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
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Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Section Review continued
INTERPRETING GRAPHICS
Use the bar graph below to answer the questions that follow.
10. How many fish species in the United States are threatened? How many are
endangered?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
11. What is the total number of threatened and endangered fish species in the
United States?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
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Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Assessment
Section 3-1B Quiz
Section: Fishes: The First Vertebrates
Match the correct description with the correct term. Write the letter in the space
provided.
_____ 1. a faint line visible on both sides of a fish’s
body that runs the length of the body and
marks the location of sense organs that detect
vibrations in the water
b. endotherm
_____ 2. an organism that relies primarily on sources
of heat outside of itself
d. gill
a. ectotherm
c. swim bladder
e. lateral line
_____ 3. an animal that has a backbone
f. vertebrate
_____ 4. an animal that can use body heat from
chemical reactions in the body’s cells to
maintain a constant body temperature
_____ 5. a respiratory organ in which oxygen from the
water is exchanged with carbon dioxide from
the blood
_____ 6. a gas-filled sac that is used to control
buoyancy
Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided.
_____ 7. Which of the following is NOT a common body part of a chordate?
a. tail
b. notochord
c. pharyngeal pouch
d. backbone
_____ 8. Which of the following is NOT a class of fishes?
a. bony
b. jawless
c. pharyngeal
d. cartilaginous
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Holt Science and Technology
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Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles