Institutt f or litteratur, områdestudier og europeiske språk
HJEMMEEKSAMEN
2008/HØST
ENG4151: SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR, INTRODUCTION
3 days
Oppgaven består av 4 sider, inkludert tekster til analyse.
1-4.12.2008
Submit your paper in Fronter (blyant.uio.no) 4.12. 2008 by 12.00 noon.
Answer THREE questions from Part I and ONE question from Part II. A pass mark is
required on both parts.
Your answer should not exceed 10 standard pages, though the front page and your list of
works consulted may come in addition.
PART I (30%)
Define and discuss briefly THREE of the following terms / concepts. Give references to
relevant literature on the subject. Illustrate with English examples.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
hypotaxis vs. embedding
lexical cohesion and reference
marked and unmarked Theme
projection in verbal and mental processes
carrier and attribute
PART II (70%)
Write an essay on ONE of the following topics.
a.
Compare Texts 1 and 2 with respect to their field, tenor and mode. In what ways are
the differences in field, tenor and mode visible in the cohesion and the grammatical
structure of the texts (for instance clause complexes, grammatical metaphor and choice
of process types)?
b.
Describe and discuss the use of mood and modality in Text 3. Include in your
discussion an account of the field, tenor and mode of the text. How are mood and
modality used in the organization of the text?
Page 1 of 4
Text 1 (A family conversation. Speaker A is a grandfather)
Note: <,> marks a brief pause, <,,> a slightly longer one. A, B, C, D are different speakers. The
utterances have been numbered for ease of reference
1
2
3
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7
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<A> I remember your mum when she with the uh in Sloane Square <unclear-word>
<A> Sh she was living in the some place in Sloane Street Sloane Square and she was with
a firm of business consultants there <,>
<A> And she <,> sh was home for the weekend or home for some reason <,,>
<A> And she had to be back on duty that day
<A> But we left in the morning and I left with her very early
<A> And she had to be in at a certain time and I had to stop and get petrol
<A> And I got her to her office in Sloane Square with time to spare <,>
<A> That was in London
<B> And then you drove back again
<A> Drove right back again and went on the <unclear-word> <,>
<D> Such energy <,>
<A> Yes <,,> I remember the biggest thing I ever did as regards to driving <,>
<A> When we had the shop in Ivy Bridge <,>
<A> Remember them uh those <,> Mum and Dad
<A> When Mum was alive and uh <,> she was very very ill
<A> And he rang and said that she was very ill and poor Flo all got very upset and had to
see her
<A> I said right
<A> And we used to close our shop at nine o'clock at night and I said to Flo right we’ll
see your mother
<A> And this is really really true
<A> Cos she was very close so <unclear-word> is really true <,>
<A> Flo she she packed some clothes
<A> 'n' closed our shop at nine o'clock in iv in Ivy Bridge in Fore Street
<A> And they lived in Pembroke Dock three hundred and twenty-five miles away
<A> Cos there was no Horse Ferry then up in <place-name>
<A> It was too early in the morning
<A> you see the <,> I had to go right around Chepstow and all that way down to get to
Pembroke Dock
<A> Now I got into Pembroke Dock
<A> They lived adjacent to the dockyard there
<A> There’s a big dockyard clock and that clock was striking exactly nine o'clock when
when we got there
<D> Amazing
<A> And I did that drive <,> after being in my shop all day working
<A> I wasn't on the road then
<A> I was working in <unclear-word> shop
<B> Uhm
<A> And that took a bit of diddin doing
<A> That was my big one of my biggest achievements I think to do that sort of thing
<B> Uhm, Yes
<A> Drive there <,>
<C> You must have been a very fast driver <,>
<A> Well there was no tr there wasn't traffic on the road then
<A> You s you saw the k k occasional car <,>
<A> But I did it <,,>
Page 2 of 4
Text 2 (Excerpt from Richard Zimler’s novel Unholy Ghosts)
(1) That same Friday evening in August, Theodora Braithwaite drove fast down the straight
Roman road which was the only road into and out of Norfolk. (2) The sun was beginning to
set. Ancient oak gave place to modern pine forest on either hand. (3) Ten miles on came
heathland alive at this time of day with heather-coloured rabbits. (4) Then huge fields of partcut wheat, grazed by sumptuous pheasants, marked the end of the wild and the beginning of
habitation and country civilisation.
(5) The end of the journey was in sight. (6) With every smooth gear-change she felt the
recent, haunting past slip away from her. (7) The agonised faces of the freshly bereaved or
betrayed grew less insistent. (8) She swung the car right handed off the main road. Hedges
closed in on both sides, brushing the side mirrors and sending up a cloud of small white moths
into the bracken scented air. (9) The signposts at last began to mention Oldfields in some
form. Oldfield, Oldfield St Benet and Nether Oldfield. (10) Theodora tried to remember what
she knew of the geography of the place. (11) She seemed to recall that Oldfield and Oldfield
St Benet were one village with a single church, while Nether Oldfield was a bit further down
the road with another church. (12) The road began to climb gentle, sandy hills which would
lead eventually to the sea.
(13) The Julians' house lay in a hollow, a quarter of a mile from St Benet's church. (14) It was
a long, low, seventeenth-century farmhouse, a mixture of pale pink brick and dressed grey
stone. (15) No two sides of its rough square were the same. (16) The fenestration suggested
frequent changes of floor level. (17) A brief burst of prosperity in the early eighteenth century
had provided a grand pilastered door case. (18) Originally it had, perhaps, been moated,
though now the remains of Edwardian gardening prevailed. (19) Moated Norfolk, Theodora
thought, and moated house, defended against the falsity, rapacity and sheer ugliness of the
metropolis. (20) Here, then, in a temenos, a holy place, cut off from the profane, she would
have ten days of solitude. (21) It would be for her a retreat, a spiritual renewal.
Page 3 of 4
Text 3 – Information leaflet
1
This leaflet tries to answer some of the questions you might have on giving to ACET
through the Gift Aid scheme.
3
What is Gift Aid?
Gift Aid is a scheme which gives tax relief for "one-off" contributions to charity and it
came into force on 1st October 1990. Until then an individual could obtain income tax
relief for a gift to charity only if the gift was made under a Deed of Covenant.
6
9
How does Gift Aid work?
The mechanism of Gift Aid is very simple. Provided the gift is at least £600 it will be
regarded as having been paid net of basic rate tax. The charity is able to recover the
basic rate tax "deducted" and the donor can, if appropriate, obtain higher rate tax relief
on his payment.
12 Say, for example, you pay £750 to ACET under Gift Aid. The net payment is equivalent
to a gross sum of £1,000. 326 ACET an claim repayment of £250 so it received the full
£1,000. If you pay tax at the higher rate you will personally obtain further relief of 15%
15 on the gross figure, so making the net cost of the payment to you £600. (The tax rates
cited are those in force in 1990/91).
The key to the working of Gift Aid is a certificate which must be signed by the donor.
18 Without that certificate, the charity cannot obtain the repayment of the basic rate tax and
the donor cannot get higher rate relief. The Inland Revenue form R190(SD) contains the
certificate and the form requires the donor to state that he satisfies all the conditions
21 relating to Gift Aid (as to which, see 4 below), including the fact that he has paid, or will
pay, tax equal to the basic rate on the gross amount of the gift. In the above example the
gross amount of the gift was £1,000, so the donor would have to certify that he would be
24 paying tax of at least £250.
This last point must not be overlooked and may prevent large capital sums being passed
under Gift Aid (but see 6. below). You also need to bear in mind that you may have
27 other payments under existing deeds of covenant or other payments made under Gift
Aid in the same tax year, and you will need to have a taxable income at least equal to
the gross amount of all these payment, as well as the Gift Aid payment being
30 contemplated, otherwise you will have to account to the Revenue for some tax.
What are the advantages of Gift Aid over a Deed of Covenant?
There are several differences:
33 (i)
To be effective for tax purposes a Deed of Covenant has to turn for a period
capable to exceeding three years. The intention of a Gift Aid scheme is to
encourage giving without the donor being tied to a particular charity for this
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length of time.
(ii)
Under Gift Aid there are no formalities at the time of the gift, just a cheque or
cash gift to the charity. The certificate on form R190(SD) must be completed but
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this can be done at any time and amounts to little more than a claim procedure.
With a payment under covenant, The Deed of Covenant has to be filled in
corrected before a payment is made.
Page 4 of 4