ORDINANCE ON PRECAUTIONS REQUIRED IN WORKPLACES
WORKING WITH FLAMMABLE, EXPLOSIVE, DANGEROUS AND
HARMFUL SUBSTANCES
Ordinance No
: 1475
Date & No. Of Council of Ministers Res. : 27/11/1973 - 7/7551
Date & No. Of Basis Law
: 25/08/1971 - 1475
Published in the Official Gazette Dated 24/12/1973 Numbered 14752
Section One : Scope and Definitions
Article 1 – This Ordinance lays down health and safety precautions other than those provided
for in the Ordinance on Employee Health and Job Safety for workplaces and jobs involving working
with flammable, explosive, dangerous and harmful solid, liquid and gaseous substances falling under
the Labor Law No. 1475.
Article 2 – For the purposes of this Ordinance:
a) “Fiber” shall mean solid and durable matters in the form of natural or artificial threads,
originating from inorganic (mineral) and organic (herbal, animal) sources,
b) “Dust” shall mean solid particles in the size of 0,5-150 micron originating from the loading
and unloading, handling, drilling, stoning, crashing, spraying, grinding, explosion and disintegration of
organic and inorganic substances such as coal, cereals, trees, minerals, metals, ores and stones
extracted from mines, which have or do not have the same composition as the substances they
originate from, which spread and diffuse in air,
c) “Smoke” shall mean suspended solid particles resulting from conversion of molten metals
into gas, in general, or from condensation of gases derived from complete burning of fuels or other
organic matters, which are chemically different from the original matter,
d) “Gas” shall mean matters, which usually do not have a fixed form or a certain volume but
are able to diffuse illimitably, and which may be liquefied or solidified by the effect of the increase of
pressure or decrease of temperature,
e) “Fog” shall mean airborne droplets forming in the air during the conversion of the matter
from the gaseous state into the liquid state or its solution in water or its mechanical disintegration due
to such reasons as pulverization, foaming and splashing,
f) “Steam” shall mean the gaseous states of matters, which are in the liquid or solid state under
normal conditions, but can liquefy or re-solidify with the increase of pressure or decrease of
temperature.
Section Two: Safety Precautions Regarding Workplaces Which Involve Working with
Flammable, Explosive, Dangerous and Harmful Substances
Part One : Safety Precautions to be Taken in Workplace Buildings
Article 3 – Buildings where flammable, explosive, dangerous and harmful substances are
produced or processed or stored shall be one-storey, if possible; its walls shall be made of
nonflammable substances; its ceilings shall be made of light and nonflammable substances; windows
facing exterior side walls shall have thin shatterproof panes and be made of materials that would not
blow into the air in pieces in case of explosions.
Article 4 – In multi-storey buildings, isolated processing of flammable, explosive materials or
use of them as raw materials in any manufacturing activity, may be allowed in the topmost storey,
provided that the floor is made of reinforced concrete. Use of such places as the positive
manufacturing unit or storehouse of flammable, explosive substances shall be subject to the special
authorization of the Ministry of Labor upon positive opinion of the Ministry of Social Security and
Assistance.
Article 5 – Floors of the workplaces which involve working with flammable, explosive,
dangerous and harmful substances shall be made of flat, nonflammable, leakproof and non-sparkling
(after crashing with any material), shall be slightly inclined and can be easily-cleaned.
Measures shall be taken to avoid fretting of the floor of the workplace or formation of
flammable, dangerous and harmful gases and smokes due to a chemical event regarding used
substances.
Article 6 – The floor shall have a drainage system that will ensure collection of excess water
or chemicals to be emitted by the fire extinguishing devices and all other liquids in workplaces, so that
they do not overflow from thresholds and are drained into a tank or a resting pit.
Article 7 – Entrance and exit doors, windows, window shades and lids of ventilation openings
shall be manufactured so as to open outwards against a certain pressure.
Article 8 – Entrance and exit doors shall be made of nonflammable materials, be compliant to
the exit security principles and be as large as possible; be so as to easily open outwards and to allow
open air directly; and the workplace shall have at least two doors, placed in different sides.
Article 9 – As regards workplaces with more than one divisions, each division shall have at
least two doors, with one door opening directly out, and the other opening out to the general corridor.
Article 10 – All windows of the building shall be made so as to used as an exit from the
building, where necessary; and they shall not have any iron bars or cages mounted.
Article 11 – The workplace shall be constructed so as to allow immediate evacuation for
workers in the case of any danger. Exit way of any division shall not make the passage of the other
difficult.
Article 12 – Internal compartments shall be durable against the highest possible pressure; be
free of cracks; have a flat surface; be made of nonflammable material; be painted or whitewashed in
light color; be easily washed and cleaned.
Article 13 – Lifts and staircases shall be made of nonflammable material and be placed in
different compartments than other sections of the building or completely outside the building. Doors
of lifts shall be automatic and be dustproof.
Article 14 – In buildings where flammable, explosive, dangerous and harmful substances are
manufactured, processed or stored, the following precautions shall be taken before construction,
maintenance and repair works are started.
a) The work shall be stopped partially or completely.
b) All flammable, explosive, dangerous and harmful substances as well as other substances
that are included in their composition, which exist in that place, shall be taken out of the dangerous
site.
c) Section to be cleaned shall be cleaned properly and completely of all residues of flammable,
explosive, dangerous and harmful substances and contaminated items.
d) Construction, maintenance and repair shall be provided under the continuous supervision of
an authorized and responsible technician.
Article 15 – Quantities of chemicals having flammable, explosive, dangerous and harmful
nature, which are included in the ambient air in the workplace shall be measured at certain and
necessary intervals; and measurements shall be made to find whether such quantities are in excess of
the highest allowable limit, which do not damage the health of the employees; and the workplace’s
ventilation facilities shall be checked by authorized technicians in terms of sufficiency.
During checks, compliance or non-compliance with the requirements set out in charts 1, 11,
111 annexed to this Ordinance shall be taken into consideration.
Article 16 – Motors of the exhausters to be used shall be sealed type or their motors and other
parts shall be kept outside the workplace.
Suction pipes of exhausters shall be made of nonflammable materials, have adequate capacity
and extend toward the air in a proper distance from all openings of the building. They shall be isolated
from any flammable materials and properly earthed. They shall not have dead areas that would
generate explosive gas mixtures or fully-swinging bends. They shall be made so as to allow easy
cleaning and repair.
Article 17 – Regarding workplaces where flammable, explosive, dangerous and harmful
gases, steams, fogs, dusts and fibers are generated, it is a must that all processes from manufacturing
to packaging are performed in a closed system and by means of automatic devices. Where a closed and
automatic system cannot be ensured, such gases, steams, fogs, dusts and fibers shall be absorbed
where they are emitted and be discharged after necessary precautions are taken.
Article 18 - flammable, explosive, dangerous and harmful liquids or gases shall be moved
through specialized pipelines by suction or pressure; and measures shall be taken so as not to allow
any leakage during the movement or storage of such liquids or gases.
Article 19 – In case tools, devices or piping intended for the production, use or other
operations with flammable, explosive, dangerous and harmful liquids or gases fail, become punctured,
leak, drip or their ventilation system has a failure, the process shall be interrupted completely or
partially, and all workers except the repairing team and responsible persons shall be kept outside the
dangerous area. Repair works shall be performed by a team familiar with such repair works and
equipped with all kinds of protective tools, under the supervision of a responsible technician.
Article 20 – In places where flammable, explosive, dangerous and harmful substances exist,
no heating systems that reach a temperature that ignite such substances or their steams and gases or
emit a sparks or naked flames.
Heating means shall be adjusted with automatic thermostats, so that a temperature to be found
in division or divisions of the workplace within the framework of scientific rules and applications,
depending on the kind of the work, is not exceeded. Where heating is made by radiators, they shall be
flat, smooth and free of cracks; and be sufficiently distant from wooden parts and flammable
substances. They shall further have appropriate guards against any flammable or explosive liquids that
may splash.
Article 21 – An appropriate humidity shall be ensured within the workplace, according to the
nature of the performed work.
Article 22 – Distances of buildings including explosive substances to residential buildings,
railways and highways, and to each other shall be in accordance with the charts IV a, IV b, IV c and
IV d annexed to this Ordinance; and distance of ground and underground containers containing
flammable liquids from residential areas and from each other shall be in accordance with the chart V.
Part Two : Safety Precautions to be Taken in Electrical Wiring
Article 23 – Electrical tools and equipment placed in places where there is a risk of explosion
by the mixture of flammable gases or steams with the air shall be installed outside the dangerous area
or tightness shall be ensured; and such equipment shall be made flameproof or a fresh air pressure
slightly higher than the ambient pressure shall be continuously supplied into the device, or they shall
be filled with inert gas with a pressure slightly higher than the normal pressure, or they shall be
adequately ventilated. Ultimately, in special cases, they shall be made in a manner that satisfies the
requirements acceptable to the Ministry of Labor.
Article 24 – Electric motors in workplaces where flammable substances exits shall be
flameproof and fully-sealed.
Article 25 – Before flameproof devices are used, documents indicating that such devices are
as they are required to be shall be obtained from manufacturers and sellers. Any repairs or
modifications to be made on flameproof devices shall be so as not to disturb or diminish the initial
security status of such devices.
Article 26 – Conductors to be used for flameproof devices shall be contained in solid pipes, or
cables with metal cover or shield or mineral insulated cables shall be used. Connection of conductors
to such tools shall be made so that the flameproof characteristics of the wiring is not disturbed.
Article 27 – Electrical wiring pipes proceeding into a dangerous environment shall be
furnished with flameproof flush boxes at the exact point where they enter the dangerous area.
Article 28 – In places which may possibly be subject to a mechanical effect, shielded cables
shall be used.
Article 29 – Electrical connection between metal body of flameproof devices or equipment
and between metal covers and pipes of cables shall be ensured using solders or suitable clamps.
Article 30 – Cable ends shall be insulated against humidity by means of special flameproof
lids specific to such conductors; and their pipes or metal covers of cables shall not be used as
conductors.
Article 31 – Piping passing through metal sections of buildings and metal covers of cables
shall be coated by an insulating material, or they shall be properly protected against the metal parts of
the building.
Article 32 – Fully-insulated electrical devices shall be constantly kept under fresh air and inert
gas pressure, so long as they are under voltage.
Such devices shall have an appropriate protecting installation which will turn off the wiring,
whenever the pressure drops an appropriate indicator to check continuously if the wiring is under
pressure. No modifications likely to disturb the safety shall be made on tools and facilities which are
certified by competent authorities to be safe.
Article 33 – Large electric motors or other electrical tools, which are not guarded in
accordance with the above requirements, shall be sealed type; fresh air shall be strongly pumped into
them and this air shall be emitted into open air through exhaust chimneys or pipes.
Article 34 – Naked air ways shall terminate before entering the dangerous area, and proper
protective devices shall be placed in these ends against voltage rises.
Article 35 – Where feeding line should be extended to the dangerous area in cables with
shields or metal covers, all metal covers shall be interconnected and effectively earthed.
Article 36 – All underground cables, including telecommunication cables, shall be placed at a
depth of at least 50 centimeters.
Article 37 – Provision shall be made for the complete cutout of electrical equipment, which
need frequent maintenance.
Article 38 – Where current breaker in a flammable environment is not just adjacent to the
machine or device it controls, all prior precautions shall be taken to prevent them from being under
voltage in an unprecedented moment during checks, maintenance or repair of them.
Current breakers shall have in place all appropriate labels indicating the devices they control.
Article 39 – Fuses shall always be kept outside the dangerous area.
However, where this is not ensured, they shall be contained in flameproof boxes and such
boxes shall never be opened until voltage is interrupted. Fuse plugs may not reused by way of
rewinding.
Article 40 – The whole electrical wiring, including the illumination circuit, shall be controlled
and maintained at intervals not exceeding one year by duly authorized persons.
Article 41 – Artificial illumination installations shall be made only with tight armatures,
otherwise, lamps placed outside the environment shall be utilized.
Article 42 – All metal compartments and roof sections as well as machinery and equipment
shall be properly earthed.
Article 43 - Rheostats, illumination keys, and all fuses and switches and similar devices,
which are in places where dusts with the risk of explosion exist shall be installed outside the
dangerous environment.
Article 44 – Equipment intended for controlling the interruption and operation of motors shall
be protected against dusts, just like all other electrical installations.
Article 45 – Electrical motors shall be tight. Where it is not possible to use such kind of
motors, they shall be contained in flameproof protectors.
Article 46 – For protection against excessive currents and short circuits, an automatic current
breaker shall be placed in the circuit, which will start to operate in case of a leak between the phase
conductor and the earth; and this current breaker shall start to operate whenever the current increases
by 10%.
Article 47 – Portable electrical devices shall never be used in the dangerous environment for
any reason whatsoever.
Article 48 – workers shall wear antistatic shoes in places where aluminum and magnesium
dusts exist.
Article 49 – In places where the organic dust that may pose the risks of explosion and
sparkling is formed, moved, transmitted or studied, electrical motors and generators shall be dustproof
or be contained in insulated cells into which fresh air is continuously pumped.
Where motors are controlled remotely, control buttons shall be manufactured dustproof or be
kept in a separate dustproof chamber.
Article 50 - In places where the organic dust that may pose the risks of explosion and
sparkling is formed, moved, transmitted or studied, fuses shall be installed outside the dangerous
environment.
Where this is not possible, fuses shall be placed in dustproof boxes, and such boxes shall only
be opened after the current is interrupted. Such boxes shall have warning plates or inscriptions to this
effect.
Article 51 – Electrical lamps to be used for illuminating the interior of conveyors, elevators,
silos or other similar installations where the organic dust that may pose the risks of explosion and
sparkling is formed, moved or transmitted shall be placed in dustproof globes. And electrical wiring
shall be properly protected against mechanical hazards such as crashes, falls, etc. and in such
environments dustproof keys, mounted externally, shall be used.
Part Three : Safety Measures to be Taken in Workplaces
Article 52 – Workplaces where flammable, explosive, dangerous and harmful substances are
produced, processed and stored shall be surrounded by walls, wire nettings, etc. and entrances and
exits shall be controlled. Foreign persons shall be allowed in only if they are escorted by responsible
officers.
Article 53 – Borders of workplaces expanding over a wide area and surrounded by walls, wire
nettings, etc. shall be properly illuminated in the nighttime and watchmen shall watch such places
during the daytime and nighttime.
Article 54 – Flammable, explosive and dangerous works shall be carried out generally outside
residential areas or insulated buildings and locations by as few workers as possible, within a closed
system, with required precautions being taken.
Article 55 – Within the security area of workplaces, smoking cigarette or inhaling any similar
things and carrying and use of matches, lighters, fire and red-hot or incandescent objects as well as any
matters that may inflame or cause fire shall be prohibited.
For ensuring the above precautions are taken, necessary controls shall be made at the exit and
entrance doors, and warning signboards shall be put on necessary places. Places where workers may
smoke and divisions where working with burning matters is allowed shall be separate from security
areas and proper signboards shall be placed to indicate them.
Article 56 – In workplaces where flammable, explosive, dangerous and harmful substances
are produced, processed or stored,
a) Signboards indicating that unauthorized access is not allowed and using matches, lighters
and spark-producing tools and similar objects is not allowed shall be placed on the main entrance
doors separately,
b) The maximum number of workers, maximum quantity of substance and the name of the
work allowed to be performed within the building shall be indicated in separate signboards and be
posted on the door of the section where the work is performed,
c) Other signboards indicating other issues shall be placed in appropriate places.
Article 57 - Buildings where flammable, explosive, dangerous and harmful substances are
produced, processed and stored shall be equipped with the systems envisaged by the legislation in
force, against the risk of lightning. Provided that fully-steel buildings and tanks and similar steel
containers made of iron sheets and pipes are adequately earthed, no further lightning rod shall be
required. However, it is a must that this is checked by a competent technician and the adequacy is
proven with documents. Lightning rods and other protective installations against lightning shall be
inspected by an authorized technician at least once a year. Issued document shall be maintained at the
workplace, so that it can be produced whenever the authorities require it.
Article 58 – On the outer surface of containers and packages including flammable, explosive,
dangerous and harmful substances shall be written, marked or labeled:
a) The name of the content and an inscription (‘very dangerous’) on a red background, if the
substance is very dangerous and very harmful,
b) The name of the content and an inscription (‘dangerous’) on a yellow background, if the
substance is dangerous and harmful,
c) The name of the content on a green background, if the substance is moderately dangerous
and moderately harmful,
d) The special (purple) marking 2 (on a yellow background) as annexed to this Ordinance, if
the substance is radioactive,
e) Brief information on the procedures for using, handling and being protected against the
content and other necessary issues.
Article 59 – Fire extinguishers in an adequate number, which will be effective depending on
the kind and nature of the work being handled, shall be available at the workplace.
Such devices and any auxiliary installations and equipment shall always be in operational
condition. The devices shall be arranged and organized so as to ensure easy use of them whenever it is
necessary. They shall be weighed and examined every six months and the found weights shall be
properly indicated on a label to be affixed onto the device.
Where the new weight of the effective substance in the tube reduces by more than half, that
device shall be considered empty and refilled.
Article 60 – Fire extinguishing devices and equipment operating on water shall be arranged in
suitable boxes and cabinets placed in certain places so that they are easily accessed and used; and
where moto-pump that supplies pressurized water is used, they shall be subjected to trial runs for at
least five minutes a day.
Article 61 – An adequate number of workers shall be assigned tasks for using fire
extinguishing devices and equipment and be trained to form a fire extinguishing team.
Article 62 – There shall be manual or mechanical alarm devices available at workplaces,
which are adequate and appropriate according to the characteristics of works and workplaces.
Article 63 – Sand and water buckets as well as nonflammable covers in an adequate number
depending on the nature of the work performed shall be available at the workplace.
Article 64 – Buildings and tanks containing flammable, explosive, dangerous and harmful
liquids shall be built so as to avoid scattering or dripping of the contained liquid due to fire, etc.
Article 65 – In workshops, foundries or similar workplaces where flammable liquids are
produced, filled, poured or used, a drainage system shall be available to collect liquids escaping,
overflowing or leaking during the activity for any reason to a safe place.
Article 66 – Buildings, tanks and other similar facilities where flammable liquids are
contained shall be surrounded by leakproof walls, wide sets made of soil or a barrier, in the size of at
least ½ of the volume of the facility, so that spreading liquids are collected.
The lower edges of the walls or barrier shall start at least 1 meter from the building or the
tank.
Where sets made of soil are used instead of walls, the top of sets shall be at least 1 meter wide,
and inclination of edges shall be no more than the normal splay inclination.
Sets filled with soil shall be shored by galvanized sheets or other suitable material. They shall
be filled with soil so that thickness decreases from the bottom to the top and width of the barrier at the
top shall be at least 1 meter. Where walls are made of stones, they shall be built with cement mortar
and be at least 75 centimeter wide; and where they are made of reinforced concrete, thickness shall be
no less than 25 centimeters at the bottom and 10 centimeters at the top. Entrance doors and
passageways shall be furnished with suitable nonflammable safeguards or explosion walls so as to
protect workers against explosion pressure or flames.
Article 67 – Soil sets to surround explosive substance tanks shall be at least 1 meter higher
than the height of the building and be at least 1 meter wide at the peak.
Article 68 – All machinery, devices, tools and instruments used at workplaces where
flammable and explosive substances are produced or processed shall be made of or coated by a
material that would not produce sparks.
Article 69 – At workplaces where flammable, explosive, dangerous and harmful substances
are processed, wastes shall be collected according to the type of materials and disposed of under the
supervision of an expert.
Article 70 – Coal in the state of dust or pieces, or clippings, shreds, cottons, oakum smudged
by oil or any other flammable substance or all matters that can catch fire spontaneously shall not be
allowed in or otherwise gathered at the workplace.
Substances of this kind shall be moved to and disposed of at a certain place, dedicated for this
purposes, outside the security areas of the building.
Article 71 – Workplaces where gases which are not originally explosive but get in a strong
chemical reactions when they are mixed with certain gases, and the equipment used in the production
of such gases shall be adequately distant from the places containing other types of gases and be
isolated by explosion-proof walls.
Article 72 – Production of hydrogen and oxygen, hydrogen and chlorine, hydrogen and
fluorine gases through the electrolytic procedure may be performed in the same division. However,
such divisions shall be properly isolated from the divisions where other solids, liquids and gases are
produced, processed and stored.
Article 73 – In workplaces which involve working with flammable, explosive, dangerous and
harmful substances, the workers shall be provided with adequate information through trainings,
exercises, experience and application regarding, particularly, possible hazards, precautions required to
be taken in case of fire, disposal of refuses, special operations required in loading, unloading and
cleaning.
Employment or transferal to another job of workers shall not be allowed until the employer or
the officials of the workplace approves that they have adequate knowledge on the issues referred to in
paragraph one above and are capable of applying such knowledge.
Part Four : Safety Measures to be Taken for Storage
Article 74 – For the purposes of this part,
a) “Ground tank” shall mean any tank all sections of which are placed on the ground,
b) “Partially or completely sunken tank” shall mean any tank, partially or completely sunken
beneath the surface, where the layer of earth on it is less than 60 centimeters,
c) “Underground tank” shall mean any tank which is completely sunken beneath the surface,
where the layer of earth on it is more than 60 centimeters, and the its top is covered by a layer of
concrete of 10 centimeters,
d) “Flammable liquid” shall mean liquids whose flashpoint is lower than 38 oC,
e) “Dangerous liquid” shall mean dangerous and harmful liquids, whose flashpoint is higher
than 38 oC.
Article 75 – All tanks, its piping and pipe connections where explosive liquids are placed
shall be properly earthed against static electricity.
Precautions shall be taken against static electricity by making earthing line connection
between the vehicle and the tank during loading and unloading tanks with flammable liquids. Tankers
moving on rubber tyres shall not be allowed in filling stations until they are totally free of static
electricity.
Article 76 – Following precautions shall have been taken in ground tanks which contain
flammable liquids:
a) Ground tanks shall be mounted on firm bottoms and be surrounded by suitable safety walls.
b) Ceiling of ground tanks shall be made of iron sheet thinner than its sides.
c) Ground tanks shall have a remote-control fire extinguishing system.
d) A pressure valve shall be available in ground tanks, which will open and close
automatically in the case of certain pressure changes.
e) Ground tanks shall be furnished with a ladder allowing easy ascending and descending to
the measurement opening, a parapet surrounding the bottom and other similar protective means.
Article 77 – Following precautions shall have been taken in underground tanks which contain
flammable liquids:
a) Underground tanks shall be mounted on firm bottoms; and all its sections shall be at least
60 centimeters beneath the surface of the ground and be well-protected against corrosion.
b) Filling pipe outlets of underground tanks outside buildings shall be always closed except
during fillings and be protected against external effects.
c) Underground tanks shall be constructed so as to resist a pressure of 7 kg/cm3. They shall
have a ventilation pipe with a flameproof mechanism, which will always be open to the air, and a
measurement opening, which will always be kept closed except during measurements.
Underground tanks shall have no other connection with the outer environment than the above.
d) Ventilation pipes of underground tanks shall be distant from chimneys, open sections of
buildings and places where steams may build up, and their ends shall be at least 2,5 meters above the
ground level. Where a pipeline transmitting steams of the substance back to the tank, diameter of the
ventilation pipe shall be no less than 20 millimeters, and 25 millimeters if there is no return pipe.
Article 78 – Where flashpoint of the liquid contained in the tank is lower than the temperature
of its environment, measures shall be taken to avoid formation of air and steam mixtures that can
explode in the tank. Furthermore, a suitable flameproof apparatus shall be mounted at the end of the
ventilation pipe opening out to the open air.
Article 79 – Where tanks containing dangerous liquids are partially above the ground level,
following measures shall be taken:
a) Visibility of escapes or drips likely to take place in any section of tanks shall be ensured.
b) Tanks shall be surrounded by wells that can receive the whole liquid contained in the
largest existing tank in case of a failure or by drainage ducts leading to collection pools.
c) Tanks shall be painted by a suitable paint against corrosive effects of humidity, liquids and
steams.
d) Tanks shall be furnished with fixed upright or usual stairs to ensure access to every section
and suitable grated floorings and all of them shall be equipped with parapets.
Where necessary, ground tanks containing dangerous liquids shall be effectively protected
against cold and such tanks shall not be on passageways.
Article 80 – Where tanks containing dangerous liquids are installed in trenches beneath the
ground level, following measures shall be taken:
a) Trenches shall be built of concrete, stone or bricks or materials not affected by such
materials, and a space shall be left between walls and the tank so as to allow one person to walk
around easily.
b) Tanks shall be seated on suitable legs, at an adequate inclination, which are at least 35-45
centimeters above the bottom of the trench.
c) Tanks shall always be protected from humidity and kept clean. They shall have fixed stairs
and suitable lids, which allow climbing up to their top safely.
Article 81 – Partially or completely sunken tanks containing dangerous liquids shall be
designed and manufactured so that all controlling instruments are used without the need for going
down the trenches; and they shall have a lockable safety mechanism which is suitable for operation
outside the trench.
Article 82 – Workers who have to go down the trenches containing gases, steams and smokes
that may form in regard to the storage of flammable and dangerous liquids shall be provided with
suitable protection instruments. Stairs shall be climbed down step by step and no more than one person
shall exist on the stairs.
Article 83 – Tanks containing flammable and dangerous liquids shall be made of materials
resistant to the effects of such liquids and be mounted on suitable legs. Furthermore, such tanks shall
have overflowing pipes whose ends reach a secure point.
Article 84 – Tanks containing corrosive liquids shall be made of materials resistant against the
effects of such liquids. Such tanks shall have a ventilation pipe in a diameter of 5 centimeters
extending out from the topmost point and a cleaning pipe extending out from the lowest point to a
secure point. Discharge pipes of such tanks shall be 10-25 centimeters above the bottom and filling
pipes shall be directly connected to the section of the tank.
Article 85 – Boxes, cans, barrels, etc. containing flammable liquids shall be kept in special
places; or where they are kept in separate small tanks, such tanks shall be made of fireproof materials;
their bottoms shall be leakproof; and they shall be surrounded by a plate with a height of at least 10
centimeters. They shall be furnished with a drain to remove the flowing liquids to an outside collection
pool, which is not connected to sewerage.
Article 86 – Barrels containing dangerous liquids shall be put in cool places, with their
discharge outlets facing upwards. When they are displaced or left at the same place for long time, their
lids shall be carefully loosened and squeezed back to remove the internal pressure to be caused, at
least once a week.
Article 87 – When barrels or tubs containing remnants of flammable and dangerous liquids
are stored for reuse, lids or stoppers of emptying barrels or tubs shall be firstly closed tightly. Then,
they shall be taken out of storehouses where barrels and tubs are contained, and be immediately
cleaned at a special place outside. They shall be put in tanks placed in a proper distance from full
barrels and tubs, with their lids removed.
Article 88 – When demijohns, barrels and tubs containing remnants of corrosive liquids are
stored for reuse, procedures applicable to the storage for reuse of barrels or tubs containing remnants
of flammable and dangerous liquids shall be followed.
Article 89 – Where demijohns, barrels and tubs containing flammable, dangerous and
corrosive liquids become useless, they shall first be cleaned with steam, and then disposed of by
breaking, mashing and disintegrating, so that other persons cannot use it again.
Article 90 – Empty barrels and tubs, which are to contain flammable and dangerous liquids
shall be carefully checked for existence of cracks, escapes or other defects. Whenever it is desired to
refill them with liquids, they shall be treated with suitable neutralizing solutions or boiling water or
steam, and this treatment shall continue until the barrel or the tub is totally clean.
Containers shall not be repaired with welding, unless the authorized persons agrees thereon.
Article 91 - Demijohns containing acid shall be placed separately in metal buckets or cases
fed with a substance not affected by acids.
Such demijohns shall be exclusively dedicated for acids and have the inclination to direct the
acids likely to pour to a collection pool. Their flooring shall be made of bricks or concrete whose
surface is resistant to the effects of acids. They shall be kept in places near water and be protected
against humidity and excessive temperature differences.
Article 92 – Acid demijohns shall not be stacked one upon another. They shall be placed in
suitable compartments, laying rods underneath. Acid demijohns shall be transported by means of
vehicles particularly designed for this purpose and such demijohns shall be emptied by special and
suitable apparatuses or devices.
Article 93 – Tubes containing pressurized gases in the state of gas or as solved in a liquid or
in liquefied state shall have been made in accordance with the properties of the contained pressurized
gas, technical principles and existing standards.
Article 94 – The following information shall be written on the tubes of pressurized gases, so
that they cannot be erased and no cavities exist:
a) Name of the manufacturer,
b) Serial number,
c) Type of gas to be filled,
d) Weight when empty and full, and volume
e) The highest filling pressure,
f) Date of Manufacturing.
Manufacturer shall be obliged to provide the buyer with the control or guarantee certificates
together with gas tubes.
Article 95 – Each firm filling gas tubes (except acetylene tubes) shall inspect or cause to be
inspected such tubes and their accessories at certain intervals before presenting them for sale, and shall
conduct or cause to be conducted tests such as hydraulic pressure test, weight test, volume test, etc.
A document regarding such inspections and tests shall be given to the buyer together with the
tube.
Documents shall be maintained at the workplace so that they can be produced whenever
required.
Article 96 – Tubes and their accessories, which are found not to be suitable for use as a result
of inspections and tests shall never be used.
Article 97 – The bottom of each tube shall be surrounded by a circle at a certain height, not
touching the ground. They shall have a protective headgear with ventilation holes to prevent
accumulation of gas within valves and safety valves.
Article 98 – Valve and other parts of tubes shall be made of a materials that would not deform
due to the effect of the gas contained in the tube. And, especially tubes which contain ammonia as
liquefied or solved in a substance, equipment made of copper or copper alloys shall never be used.
Appointments of tubes filled with oxygen or other gases causing oxidation shall be cleared of any kind
of oil.
Article 99 – Tubes shall never be filled with pressurized gases with a pressure more than what
is allowed and to a weight that is above the indicated value on the tube. Care shall be taken to ensure
that tubes are totally empty and clean before they are filled. Tubes to contain gases whose critical
temperatures are higher than the general ambient temperature shall not be filled completely so that
occurrence of dangerous pressures is avoided.
Tubes to contain pressurized gases shall be subjected to weight control when they are empty
and after they are filled.
Article 100 – The following precautions shall be taken in storing pressurized gas tubes:
a) Filled tubes shall be protected against temperature changes, vertical sun rays, radiation heat,
cold and humidity.
b) For storing filled tubes at the workplace, as few as possible tubes shall be stored together.
Tubes shall be placed in fireproof buildings or compartments, and be distant from radiators or similar
heat sources. Precautions shall be taken against the overturn or rolling-over of tubes.
c) Tube shall be separated from each other according to the type of the gas contained and
stored thus. Empty tubes shall be collected in another place.
d) Places where tubes are stored shall have appropriate ventilation systems and such places
shall have an adequate number of doors.
e) Where tubes containing flammable, pressurized gases are stored, use of fire and burning
materials shall not be allowed.
Article 101 – Following further precautions shall be taken for acetylene tubes, in addition to
the above ones:
a) In filling tubes of acetylene solved in acetone, the pressure shall never exceed 15kg/cm2.
b) An authorized person shall check that new acetylene tubes are sufficiently filled with
absorption material and acetone. Such checks shall be made through weighing when the tube is empty,
after absorption material is put and while filled with acetone; and the results shall be recorded in the
register of tubes.
c) Materials in touch with acetylene shall not be made of copper or any alloy with a content of
copper over 70%.
d) Filled acetylene tubes shall be used after they are kept in upright position for 12 hours.
Article 102 – Acetylene tubes shall be subject to following inspections and tests periodically
or at certain times:
a) External inspection, and overall inspection of the tube and its accessories,
b) Inspection to find whether the tube is sufficiently filled with absorption material,
c) Weighing the tube with absorption material and acetone,
d) Pressure test (This test shall be made either with water with a pressure of 60 kg/cm2 or
acetone or argon with a pressure of again 60 kg/cm2 where the absorption material contained in the
tube cannot be emptied.)
Article 103 – The following points shall be taken into consideration in the use of absorption
material:
a) The tube shall be filled totally with absorption material.
b) The substance contained in the tube may be easily inspected.
c) The absorption material shall maintain its properties, inherent at the initial production
phase, throughout the works, without any change in its physical and chemical properties.
d) Absorption material shall not be connected to the tube.
e) Absorption material shall not get in reaction with acetylene and the used solvent.
f) Absorption material shall not be crushed or pose any danger at the end of even long uses.
g) Absorption material shall prevent explosive decompositions of acetylene in the tube.
Article 104 – Each workplace filling acetylene in tubes shall keep a register of the tube they
fill, and record in such register data such as date of filling, quantity of absorption material and acetone
filled in the tube and date of filling, date of inspection of the tube and result of the inspection.
Part Five : Safety Measures to be Taken During Production and Processing
Article 105 – Raw materials in the state of dust, which are included in the composition of
explosive substances, shall be decontaminated from foreign objects before they are treated in any way.
Article 106 – Quantities of explosive or non-explosive substances, to be used for the
production of an explosive, in the workplace where they are processed shall not be more than the
quantities that have to be kept for such process.
Production shall not restart so long as explosives are not taken away from the place where
they are produced.
Article 107 – In places where explosive substances are produced and processed, workers in a
number more than what is necessary shall not be kept.
Article 108 – Sacks or bags of explosive powders shall be washed once they are emptied, or
they shall be cleaned with a fully closed system and an appropriate absorbing mechanism.
Article 109 – Inert gases shall be used in pouring flammable liquids from one container to the
other by the help of pressurized gases.
Article 110 – Flammable liquids shall be filled in containers through pipes, which are
particularly in contact with the bottom and internal walls of the container, and are connected with this
container in terms of static electric.
Article 111 – The installation for pouring flammable liquids from one container to the other
shall have a piping system that allows recovery of liquid steams.
Article 112 – Filling and emptying of corrosive liquids shall be made through systems
operating on their own weight, apparatuses using pressurized air or inert gases or suitable pumps.
Article 113 – For emptying containers of corrosive liquids, which do not have a discharge
outlet, tipping instruments or other appropriate apparatuses shall be used.
Article 114 – Containers of corrosive liquids shall be always kept sealed, except during filling
and emptying processes.
Article 115 – At workplaces where corrosive liquids are filled, emptied or other similar
processes are handled, the flooring shall be kept as dry as possible in order to avoid diffusion of the
spilling liquid. Surroundings of liquids shall be properly marked to prevent workers step on them and
be supervised until they are removed.
Spilling liquids shall in no way be wiped with wood, wood shavings, oakum, cloth or other
organic materials. They shall be washed with water and be dewatered by chalk, carbonate, lime or
other similar materials.
Article 116 – At workplaces where corrosive liquids are filled, emptied or other similar
processes are handled, water utility shall be available, and water bathrooms sufficiently large for a
human being or multi-cabinet showers running fast shall have been built in or near every division.
Temperature of the water and the ambient temperature shall not differ to a sensible extent, to
prevent persons having an accident from being burned.
Hands or any part of the body coming in touch with concentrated sulfuric acid shall be washed
with plenty of water and preferably with 5-10% sodium bicarbonate solution. Such solutions shall be
available in an adequate number, and kept in shatterproof containers at an easily-accessible place.
Employer shall post the instructions required to this end.
Article 117 – Transporters, inclined ways, cones, lifts, separators and openings of such
separators, sieves, breakers, crushers, dryers, packaging machinery and other equipment, which are
used in emptying and filling and other processes of irritating and toxic substances shall be connected
to dust collectors properly.
Article 118 – Collector facilities used in emptying and filling and other processes of irritating
and toxic substances shall be kept outside, in places exclusively dedicated for this purpose, and
personal protection instruments shall be given to workers to enter such places.
Article 119 – Irritating and toxic substances having spilled during filling, emptying and other
processes shall be cleaned in a short time with preferably vacuum cleaners or other suction devices.
Article 120 – Tubes containing pressurized gases shall never be subjected to fire for fast
emptying, be heated by means of water containers and valves of emptying tubes shall be immediately
closed.
Article 121 – For all vehicles, carriages and other containers used for transporting explosives
or explosive mixtures and compounds made of explosives to a building or from a building to another
place, the following measures shall be taken.
a) No iron or steel parts shall be left in the open.
b) Only explosive substances or substances included in the explosive mixture shall exist
inside.
c) The upper part shall be closed or properly covered.
d) Necessary precautions shall be taken to prevent the hazards probable to occur when they are
filled or loaded and during transportation.
Article 122 – Where explosive substances are spilled or scattered while they are moved, the
place where explosive substance are spilled shall be marked visibly and the spilled substances shall be
collected and removed according to the instructions to be given by the responsible person.
Article 123 – Corrosive liquid containers in the workplace shall be carried without emitting
any smoke and preferably mechanically by transporters; or containers shall be carried by special
carriages with inclined platforms; or demijohns shall be carried in special forked carriages.
Article 124 – Care shall be taken in handling tubes containing pressurized gases. Necessary
measures shall be taken to prevent them crash into each other and fall down. Tubes shall never be
lifted by magnetic holders.
Section Three : Safety Measures Regarding Flammable, Explosive, Dangerous and
Harmful Substances
Part One : Safety Measures Regarding Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG)
Article 125 – For the purposes of this Part :
a) “Gas” shall mean compounds called propane, propylene, normal butane and isobutane,
butylene and mixtures of such compounds, which are among the hydrocarbons originating from oil in
the state of gas,
b) “the liquid” shall mean flammable liquids originating from petroleum and coal, and their
mixtures,
c) “Liquefied petroleum gases (L.P.G.)” shall mean liquefied compounds called propane,
propylene, normal butane and isobutane, butylene and mixtures of such compounds,
d) “Container” shall mean tanks, barrels, tubes, cans, etc. used in storing and transporting
liquids and liquefied petroleum gases (LPG), which are designed at TSE Norms,
e) “Container accessories” shall mean valves, manometers, regulator, cover, stopper, parapet,
level indicator and similar equipment of tanks and tubes,
f) “Device” shall mean gas burners, burners, ovens, stoves, water heater, injection pipes and
illuminators operating on liquids and liquefied petroleum gases (LPG)
g) “System” shall mean any connections,
h) “Place of filling” shall mean places where containers of the liquid and liquefied petroleum
gases (LPG) and the liquid is filled in containers,
i) “Place of use” shall mean places where devices operating on liquids and liquefied petroleum
gases (LPG) are used,
j) “Distribution center” shall mean places set up outside places of filling, which accommodate
containers of liquid and liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) ready to be shipped to places of use,
k) “Vehicle” shall mean land, sea and air vehicles carrying containers.
Article 126 – The liquid and LPG shall be transported from the place of production to the
place of filling in steel-made pipes on railroad cars with tanks, land and sea tankers and be filled in
containers.
Article 127 – In the place of filling for liquids and LPG, stock containers shall be in the form
of cylinder, globe and partially cylinder partially semi-cone; have external cooling system; be seated
on firm bottoms; be equipped with container accessories; have necessary properties; be subjected to
required tests; and be painted with a color reflecting light.
Article 128 – Filling of LPG tubes in places of filling shall be carried out at places dedicated
for this purpose at least 5 meters away from stock containers.
Article 129 – The scentless LPG shall be added a harmless odor such as ethyl mercaptan,
pentyl mercaptan and thiophene so that it is sensed in case of an escape.
Article 130 – In places of filling, distances of containers used for storing the liquid and LPG
from residential areas and from each other shall be in accordance with chart V annexed to this
Ordinance.
Article 131 – The following measures shall be taken in distribution centers:
a) Containers in the distribution center shall be kept in well-ventilated places, which are not
basements, where burning materials are not allowed. Their valves shall be kept sealed; their lids shall
be in place, with their outlets facing upwards.
b) Leaking, dripping and damaged containers shall be removed from the distribution center
properly and carefully.
c) Containers shall be arranged in a single file; and in open places, they shall be stacked one
upon another with 6 files at most, provided that they are kept under a shed so that they are not exposed
to sunlight.
Article 132 – Following measures shall be taken in carrying containers full or empty:
a) Container’s valve shall be closed and the lid shall be on.
b) Containers shall be stacked in vehicles so that their outlets face upwards. Thus, dangerous
events such as overturn, drifting, crashing and falling shall be avoided.
c) During transportation, an adequate number of persons with special training in the subject
shall be present.
d) During the movement of vehicles, necessary measures shall be taken against static
electricity.
e) Exhaust safety of vehicles shall be ensured.
f) Using burning and sparking tools for detecting the gas escape from containers is not
allowed.
Article 133 – Residential areas where distribution centers will be established and quantities of
liquid and LPG to be kept there shall be determined by municipalities, and by the highest ranking local
administrative body in residential areas without a municipality.
Article 134 – In distribution centers established outside residential areas, maximum 500
domestic type or 100 industrial type container, and total amount of LPG in such containers shall not
exceed 5.000 kilograms.
Article 135 – In places and buildings where liquid and LPG containers are allowed, it is
prohibited to perform other works, particularly production, processing, packaging and storage of
flammable, explosive, dangerous and harmful substances.
Part Two : Safety Measures Regarding Magnesium and Other Similar Flammable Solid
Substances and Their Alloys
Article 136 – Workplaces where flammable solid substances and their alloys are molten and
cast shall be preferably one-storey and dedicated exclusively for this purpose.
Article 137 – Melting furnaces shall be built so as to allow easy access and cleaning. They
shall have apparatuses to ensure adjustment of the devices heating them and to prevent sparks from
crashing directly to the melting pot.
Article 138 – Melting pots shall be filled up to a certain height. After each casting process,
metal, salt, dross and other remnants shall be properly cleaned, the pot shall be tapped and examined.
Thus, it shall be ascertained whether is will endure another melting.
Article 139 – Humid metal shavings shall be first dried in the air before being put in the pots
directly, but they shall not be spread in large amounts near melting furnaces, in order to achieve such
purpose.
Article 140 – Workplaces and machinery shall be cleaned of scraps a few times a day and
accumulation of such scraps in the workplace shall be avoided.
Article 141 – Cutting edges of machinery and workbenches issuing shavings as well as stone
benches shall always be kept sharp. They shall be used in a speed so as not to cause overheating or be
cooled with air or cutting lubricants used in this work. Dusts generated during cutting and stoning
shall be discharged with a suitable apparatus.
Article 142 – Residues consisting of shavings and dusts shall be gathered in a certain place.
After useful ones are sorted out, the remnants shall be disposed of under the supervision of an
authorized person.
Article 143 – Flammable solids shall be carried in hermetical containers made of
nonflammable materials.
Article 144 – Personal protection instruments, working clothes and shoes used by workers in
touch with such materials shall be properly cleaned every day by an authorized person.
Part Three : Safety Measures Regarding Nitrocellulose, Celluloid and Similar
Flammable Explosive Substances
Article 145 – Workplaces where nitrocellulose, celluloid and similar substances are produced,
processed and stored shall preferably be established in one-storey buildings, which are separated from
other buildings, have windows that are made so as to prevent direct light from entering in.
If no such building can be found, workplaces to be operated on condition that nitrocellulose,
celluloid and similar substances are only processed and used as a raw material for one production may
be established on the topmost storey of multistorey buildings, whose floor is made of reinforced
concrete and has other properties of the abovementioned one-storey buildings.
Using such topmost storey for the production and storage of nitrocellulose, celluloid and
similar substances shall be subject to a special authorization from the Ministry of Labor.
Article 146 – Drilling and cutting tools and instruments such as saws, drillers, milling
machine, etc. used in manufacturing articles of celluloid shall be properly cooled, and necessary
measures shall be taken to ensure that temperature of heated parts does not exceed 115 oC.
During the molding of such substances, adjustable, suitable heaters operating on steam, hot
water or electricity shall be used.
Article 147 – Workplaces shall be properly cleaned a few times a day. Residues shall be
frequently collected and put in covered containers which are filled with water and kept outside the
workplace until they are disposed of in an appropriate place.
Article 148 – Maximum quantities of both products and raw materials allowed to be kept in
workplaces shall be determined and indicated on a signboard and this signboard shall be put in a
visible place.
In residential areas, celluloid in films in a storehouse shall not be more than 1.000 kilograms
and normal materials made of celluloid not more than 4.000 kilograms.
Part Four : Safety Measures Regarding Calcium Carbide and Acetylene
Article 149 – Places to be used as calcium carbide storehouses shall be dry, easily ventilated
and made of a fireproof material. They shall have a waterproof bottom, pressure-proof walls and roofs
made of light a material.
Article 150 – On all ways leading to storehouses of calcium carbide shall be visible
signboards, reading “Calcium carbide storehouse; unauthorized access is not allowed”, “Do not use
water in case of a fire”.
Article 151 – Calcium carbide shall be in metal containers sealed with an airtight and
watertight, hermetical lid that is adequately strong so that they can be handled without the breaking
risk. Such container shall have a warning plate on them, reading “Calcium carbide; Please keep dry”
or another appropriate phrase.
Article 152 – Calcium carbide shall be taken from calcium carbide containers in storehouses
by opening only one container, and it shall be tightly closed again.
Heated or spark-generating tools shall not be used for opening calcium carbide containers.
Article 153 – Production, storage or transportation of acetylene gas or liquefied acetylene
with a pressure greater than 1,5 Kg/cm2 is prohibited, unless it is together with acetone or another
solvent, or is saturated into a porous, homogenous material.
Article 154 – All useless calcium carbide dusts shall be cleaned from emptied containers and
shall be completely disposed of after being spilled into a quantity of water at least 10 times as great as
their weights. This process shall be carried out in the open air and be distant from any kind of fire and
flames. And the water with calcium carbide shall not drain into sewerage system.
Article 155 – Purity of the calcium carbide used in the production of acetylene shall conform
to the accepted norms; and the acetylene in the gaseous state, used for industrial purposes, shall not
contain phosphorous hydrogen more than 0,05% in volume and sulphurous hydrogen more than
0,15%.
Article 156 – Acetylene generators shall be made of a material that is able to resist internal
pressures, and parts likely to have contact with acetylene shall not be made of copper or alloys with a
content of copper over 70%. Safety pipes on non-automatic generators shall be visible to the eye.
Article 157 – Measures shall be taken to ensure that, for generators in continuous operation,
adequacy of water affecting or cooling the calcium carbide is checked during operation and to ensure
water addition without the need for removal of acetylene gas, where necessary.
Article 158 – The following data shall be written on acetylene generators, legibly and
ineffaceably:
a) Particle size of calcium carbide to be used, and allowable quantity for each charge,
b) Maximum amount of acetylene it can generate per hour,
c) The highest allowable pressure for the generator,
d) Type number or marking of the generator and the date of servicing,
e) Name and address of the manufacturer or seller.
Article 159 – In acetylene generators whose internal pressure cannot be measures by the water
height, there shall be at least one safety valve, which will prevent the highest allowable operation
pressure from increasing to a value more than 0,1 Kg/cm2 or will turn off automatically whenever the
highest allowable pressure (0,1 Kg/cm2) is exceeded. This valve shall operate accurately and regularly,
be resistant against corrosion, rusting, dirt and humidity, and its adjustment shall not be easily upset.
Article 160 – During the loading and unloading acetylene generators with calcium carbide,
water cells shall always be kept full and partially-used calcium carbides shall not be placed in
generators again, so as to avoid buildup of a dangerous mixture of air and gas within the water cell and
falling of inadequate fresh calcium carbide in it.
Article 161 – No weight shall be put on moving gas tank and the acetylene generating
installation shall not be brought in contact with any flames.
Article 162 – Acetylene generator shall be completely cleaned of gas, calcium carbide and
water and be dried up, when not in use.
If the water in acetylene generators freezes in cold weathers, the ice shall be molten using hot
water or steam.
Article 163 – Cleaning and loading as well as unloading of gas and air mixture of portable
acetylene generators shall be performed outside workplaces.
Article 164 – Acetylene generators shall be carried by means of machinery and tools such as
cranes, lifters or pulley, etc. with special linking.
Article 165 – Before starting a repair on any part of the acetylene generating installation, the
installation shall be decontaminated from calcium carbide and its residues, washed with abundant
water and be filled up by water, steam or inert gases.
Part Five : Safety Measures Regarding Spray Paints Prepared with Volatile and
Flammable Liquids
Article 166 – Spray-painting shall be performed in isolated divisions, with all safety
precautions being taken.
Article 167 – Spray-painting or polishing of small or medium-size parts shall be performed in
suitable enclosed divisions or under suitable smokejacks. The painter shall always be outside such
divisions or smokejacks.
Where technical facilities does not allow the painter to stay outside, the paint gas and steam
shall be taken out properly or a water screen shall be used, or workers shall be provided with personal
protection instruments such as fresh air masks.
Article 168 – In paint spraying places, volatile and flammable liquids more than what is
necessary for a day’s work shall not be stored. They shall be kept in well-sealed containers, subject to
their properties, and empty containers shall be immediately taken out of the spraying places to an
appropriate place.
Article 169 – Compartments, smokejacks, exhausters, suction ways, main pipes, etc. used in
paint-spraying shall be decontaminated from paint and polish residues at least once a week.
Where paints containing oils made of unsaturated acids and paints with organic nitro
compounds are used in the same day, necessary cleaning shall be made once that day’s work finishes.
Easily-flammable substances and tools made of spark-generating materials such as iron or
steel shall not be used for cleaning.
Article 170 – Painted and polished materials shall be dried only when all flaming and
explosion risks and effects harmful for health are eliminated.
Gases and steam generated during such processes shall be disposed of, with necessary
measures being taken.
Part Six : Safety Measures Regarding Flour, Fodder and Other Similar Substances
Article 171 – Flooring, walls, compartments and ceilings of mills, flour factories and fodder
factories shall be made of bricks. They shall have explosion openings, with 1-m2 surface for every
internal volume of 25 m3. Measures shall be taken to avoid fire expansion between such facilities and
flour, fodder and other substance storehouses.
Article 172 - Basements, tunnels and galleries in mills or flour factories shall be so wide and
long as to allow easy approach to the sides and lower parts of banded transporters and other
installations.
Where natural ventilation is not sufficient to remove the dusts in the environment, such places
shall be properly ventilated.
Article 173 – Cereals silos and storehouses shall be furnished with dustproof covers and
watertight floorings and air exchanging apparatuses. They shall further reach the open air through
vertical chimneys with a minimum diameter of 30 centimeters, which have a cap that is able to rotate
in the same direction as the wind blows.
Article 174 – Cereal drying places shall be made of fireproof materials, and be kept in places
that are in a sufficient distance from elevators and storehouses or properly isolated.
Article 175 – Fodders, grass and straws, gluten barley pulps and other oily pulps and other
self-flammable substances shall not be stored collectively. Where collective storage of such substances
is mandatory, necessary measures shall be taken against excessive humidity and temperature increases.
Where the height of heaps exceeds 3 meters, ventilation pipes shall be placed in them, one for every 4
meters as most.
Part Seven : Safety Measures Regarding Starch and Other Similar Substances
Article 176 – Drying-up of starch, grinding and sieving of dry starch, bulk packaging of starch
in the form of grains or powder, cooking, pressing, sorting and packaging of starch in pieces shall be
made in buildings separated from each other with fireproof walls.
In multistorey buildings, the floor and ceiling shall have been made of reinforced concrete.
That part of floors and walls rising up to a height of 2 meters shall be coated with cement or other
similar materials.
Article 177 – Drying parts of starch dryers and sterilizers shall have a heating installation
from the floor to the ceiling, as designed with proper properties. And such heating installation shall be
totally insulated from all other sections.
Article 178 – Grinding of starch shall be made in a fully closed system, and scattering of
starch powders around shall be avoided during all processes from filling to packaging. Where this
cannot be achieved, powders shall be suctioned and removed away in the place they are generated
before they are scattered around.
Article 179 – Fermentation boilers, tanks and pools shall be made of or coated with stainless
materials. Fermentation residues and waters shall be disposed of and removed away.
Article 180 – At workplaces where organic materials such as sugar, cocoa, fungi, etc. are
pulverized, all necessary measures shall be taken to avoid formation of an explosive mixture due to the
mixing of dusts of such materials with the air.
Section Four : Safety Measures to be Taken While Working on Warm or Cold Corrosive
Substances
Part One : Safety Measures to be Taken While Working on Nitric Acid, Sulfuric Acid
and Hydrochloric Acid or Other Similar Substances
Article 181 - Nitric acid, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid or other similar substances shall
kept and carried in hermetical containers.
Furthermore, a sufficient air shall be left in containers of such acids.
Article 182 – Acids spilling off at workplaces shall be washed with plenty of water and
workers shall be provided with personal protection instruments.
Acids shall not be saturated into wood shavings, straws and wool pieces, soil, etc.
Article 183 – Acids in excess of the daily requirement for acids shall not be kept at
workplaces.
Article 184 – While diluting nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or other similar
substances, they shall be poured into the water slowly, with the mixture being continuously and
properly mixed.
Water shall not be poured into such acids for any reason whatsoever.
Part Two : Safety Measures to be Taken While Working on Sodium Hydroxide,
Potassium Hydroxide, Calcium Hydroxide and Other Similar Substances
Article 185 – Workers working on sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium
hydroxide and other similar substances shall be provided with suitable personal protection
instruments.
Article 186 – For burns likely to be caused during works with sodium hydroxide, potassium
hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and other similar substances, plenty of water, 1-percent boric acid, 5percent acetic acid and vinegar or lemon juice in an adequate quantity shall be available at workplaces.
Part Three : Safety Measures to be Taken While Working on Hydrofluoric Acid
Article 187 – At workplaces involving working with hydrofluoric acid, the floor shall be
coated with lead, gutta-percha or other similar materials, which are not affected by this acid, and be
lightly inclined to flow towards a waterproof conduit.
Article 188 – Working tables and cells and openings intended for inserting items to be
processed shall be made of rubber, plastic, etc. and its edges shall be covered up by smokejacks coated
with lead. Edges of such tables shall be coated with lead, gutta-percha or other similar materials which
are not affected by hydrofluoric acid and be made tip-tilted so that spilling acid does not flow beneath
tables.
Tables shall be equipped with means to collect toxic gases to emit during works directly to the
place where they originate and to draw them out of the workplace through closed ducts. Exhausting
shall be strong along the upper edges of acid tubs, and gases shall be absorbed by an installation with
two top-down walls.
Article 189 – Hydrofluoric acid shall only be stored and carried in containers made of guttapercha, lead or suitable plastics and other similar materials.
Part Four : Safety Measures to be Taken While Working on Solidified Carbon Dioxide
(Dry Ice)
Article 190 – Handles of instruments to be used in works with solidified CO2 shall be made
of wood.
Article 191 – Workers working without any tools or instruments on solidified CO2 and
metallic objects in contact with solidified CO2 shall be given protective gloves.
Article 192 - Solidified CO2 shall be put in bottles or sealed containers that are resistant
against the internal pressure to take place.
Article 193 – No shall be allowed in solidified CO2 storehouses unless necessary safety
measures are taken. For understanding presence of workers in the storehouse, the storehouse shall be
equipped with bells or red lights controlled internally and other communication means to be used in
case of power interruptions; and instructions for their use shall have been specified.
Section Five : Safety Measures to be Taken While Working on Toxic, Irritating and
Harmful Substances
Part One : Safety Measures to be Taken While Working on Lead and Lead Alloys or
Lead Compounds
Article 194 – At workplaces where lead and its alloys or its compounds are prepared, lead in
the form of grains, pieces, plates and ribbons (except ingots) shall always be kept in sealed containers
or kept humid against the risk of dusting; and they shall not be left in the open within workplaces.
Dross, etc. resulting from molten lead shall be collected in hermetically sealed containers, and
such containers shall be kept outside the workplace.
Article 195 – The following measures shall be taken where ceruse is produced with the Dutch
or Compartment method:
a) On beds where acid pots are aligned, oak shells or other organic materials which do not
emit dangerous or harmful substances shall be used.
Use of manure in beds is not allowed.
b) Every compartment shall have a hose that sprays plenty of water.
c) Dust emission from the ceruse shall be avoided when it is lifted from compartments and
cover boards are lifted. To this end, each bed shall be wetted sufficiently.
Article 196 – The following measures shall be taken where ceruse is produced with the
German or Chamber method:
a) During production, oxidation chambers and its content shall be kept humid.
b) After the acidic reaction is competed and chambers are adequately cooled, scaffolding and
ceruse stuck on ceilings shall be sent to tanks outside chambers by the help of water, so that they are
detached from their place by spraying high pressure water and are filtered.
Article 197 – The following measures shall be taken where ceruse is produced with Karter or
Wultze method:
a) Spraying chambers shall be dustproof and the emptying process shall be made
mechanically. Sprayed lead shall be carried to acid cylinders automatically with transporters with
dustproof lids and an infinite number of screws.
b) Even if for maintenance and repair purposes, workers shall not be allowed in chambers
unless they are given suitable breathing apparatuses, while spraying is performed.
Article 198 – The following measures shall be taken in sterilizers or drying ducts used for
drying ceruse paste:
a) The interior of sterilizers and drying ducts shall be made of smooth and watertight. Their
lower parts shall not have any indentation or protrusion. They shall be easily cleaned with dust
absorbing apparatuses or water.
b) Drying ducts shall have one or more collapsible windows that are sufficient for ventilation.
c) The topmost drying shelf plate of sterilizers and drying ducts shall be at most 3 meters
above the bottom.
d) If controls of sterilizers and drying ducts are outside sterilizers, a proper apparatus intended
for emptying drying molds shall be available outside sterilizers.
Article 199 – Drying sterilizer of ceruse paste shall never be entered unless the temperature of
sterilizers and drying ducts fall down to 21 oC or a substance with a temperature dereference of 5 oC
from the outer temperature.
Article 200 – Where technical circumstances allow, ceruse to be used in such productions as
mashing and swaging lead-based materials by oil shall be kept as a paste.
Article 201 – Furnaces, devices, pipes and other objects used in the production of lead
compounds or lead-based materials shall be cleaned whenever necessary and in any case every 15 days
at the latest.
Part Two : Safety Measures to be Taken While Working on Phosphor and its
Compounds
Article 202 – Use of white phosphor in manufacturing of matches is forbidden.
Where use of red (amorphous) phosphor or phosphorsesquisulfur or other suitable material
instead of white phosphor is possible, white phosphor shall not be used, and white phosphor shall not
also be used in manufacturing fireworks and squibs.
Article 203 – White phosphor shall be kept, and carried where necessary, in watertight
containers with suitable covers and these containers shall be kept as immersed in water. Necessary
measures shall be taken against the freezing of water into which the container of white phosphor is
immersed.
Article 204 – Where fire is set due to phosphor, workers who are not furnished with personal
protection means against the smoke of phosphor oxides shall be immediately taken away from the
place of fire, and floors shall be washed with plenty of water until the fire is completely extinguished
and the molten phosphor hardens. Then, the hardening phosphor shall be covered by sand or soil and
be kept wet until it is properly cleaned.
Part Three : Safety Measures to be Taken While Working on Toxic, Irritating and
Harmful Liquids and Solids
Article 205 – Appropriate protective materials that workers working on Calcium Cyanamid
(sulphurous limestone) are to apply to the open areas of their bodies, the soap they are to use, vaseline
they are to clean the dusts stuck on their skin and other similar materials shall be kept available at their
workplaces.
Article 206 – Preventive measures shall be taken to avoid contact of chlorate or combustible
substances such as perchlorate with concentrated acids or phosphor anti-sulphur, sulphur, wood coal,
starch, sugar, etc.
Article 207 – Crystallization, grinding and packaging of chlorates and perchlorates in nature
shall be performed in places exclusively allotted for this purpose, with special precautions being taken.
Article 208 – Wooden containers shall not be used for crystallization and filling of chlorates
and perchlorates and those who work with chlorates shall be kept away from flames.
Article 209 – Workers working with chlorates shall be provided with garments made of wool
and nonflammable materials and shoes or boots without any iron part at the sole. These shall not be
left outside the workplace for any reason; be washed and dried after use; and those which become
useless shall be properly disposed of.
Article 210 – Workers working on chromic acids or chromates shall be given gloves with
suitable properties and water shall be available in such workers’ workplace so that they can wash their
hands and clean chrome compounds stuck on tem, and sufficient ventilation shall be ensured.
Article 211 – Calcium, potassium, sodium and other soil alkalis or alkali metals shall be
stored in airtight and watertight container. Where such containers are not available, they shall be kept
in a similar liquid that does not contain gas oil or free oxygen and water.
Article 212 – It shall be ensured that workers employed in the production of mercury
fulminate wash their hands and arms with a 10% sodium hyposulfite before meals and they leave the
workplace.
Article 213 – In cases such as the breaking off or puncturing of a device or a pipe, all workers
lacking protective breathing apparatuses shall be quickly taken out of the workplace.
Article 214 – Containers of mercury shall be kept in warm places, with their caps or covers
being sealed in workplaces.
Article 215 – Where mercury is spilled over the floor of the workplace, it shall be collected
properly and the floor shall be cleaned with plenty of water.
Part Four : General Safety Measures to be Taken While Working on Toxic, Irritating
and Harmful Liquids or Gases
Article 216 – In buildings where toxic and harmful liquids are distilled, necessary equipment
shall be available and measures shall be taken so as to ensure that other workplaces are protected
against gases and smokes to occur during the distillation for any reason.
Article 217 – In places where works involve working on toxic, irritating and harmful liquids
and gases, processes shall be carried out in a closed system or such places shall be properly enclosed.
Article 218 - Toxic, irritating and harmful liquids shall be carried through special pipes able
to resist them and stored in containers with suitable sealing.
Article 219 - Toxic, irritating and harmful gases shall be transmitted through special pipes.
Technical procedures and rules shall be observed in keeping and storing such gases.
Article 220 – Liquids or gases escaping from pipes intended for carrying toxic, irritating and
harmful liquids and gases which are transmitted by pressure shall not be discharged without being
deactivated. And especially, such liquids shall not be drained into the general sewerage system, rivers,
lakes and seas.
Article 221 – Where toxic, irritating and harmful smokes, fogs or steams are likely to be
emitted, proper protective breathing apparatuses in an adequate quantity shall be kept available in
places easily accessible to workers.
Article 222 – Working clothes contaminated with toxic, irritating and harmful liquids shall
immediately be taken off, and the worker shall be provided with new working clothes after his/her
skin is washed properly.
Article 223 – Where workers have to dip their hands into toxic, irritating and harmful liquids,
they shall be provided with suitable protective gloves or protective creams.
Article 224 – Tanks, drums, tubs, demijohns and other similar containers of toxic, irritating
and harmful liquids or gases shall be kept according to their properties.
Part Four : Special Safety Measures to be Taken While Working on Aromatic
Hydrocarbons such as Benzene, Naphthalene, Anthracene, Which are Obtained From Coal Tar,
and Their Derivatives such as Toluene, Xylene, Phenol, Cresol and Other Similar Substances
Article 225 – Buildings where nitro and amino derivatives of benzene and aromatic
hydrocarbons are produced, used or processed with any method, shall be one-storey and have not
basement.
Article 226 – Wood shavings shall be spread over aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives
in the liquid state which are spilled onto the floor. Wet shavings shall be collected and quickly
removed away from the workplace and be burned and disposed of properly.
Article 227 – Clothes of workers employed in the fractioned distillation of coal tar for the
obtainment of aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives, which are contaminated with such
substances, shall be immediately changed and cleaned properly.
Article 228 – Distillation boilers and tanks used for the fractioned distillation of cola tar shall
be mechanically filled.
Liquids remaining in boilers and tanks after the distillation is completed shall be taken into the
cooling pools via pumps and pipes while they are still hot.
Article 229 – Workers employed in the production or processing of dinitrotoluene,
trinitrotoluene, (trotyl) dinitrophenol and trinitophenol or aromatic amino compounds shall be given
rubber gloves and other appropriate instruments.
Workers shall wash their gloves, hands and arms before starting to eat their meals and leaving
the workplace with 10% sodium sulfite. These workers shall not consume alcoholic drinks.
Article 230 – In places where phenols are worked on, water network and plenty of water
ready for immediate use shall be available.
Article 231 – It is prohibited to use, as a solvent, mixtures of benzols whose distillation
temperature is under 100 oC and all aromatic hydrocarbons as well as petroleum essences, or mixtures
including aromatic hydrocarbons with a distillation temperature below 100 oC, which is greater than
5% in relation to the total volume of the mixture whose distillation temperature starts before 200 oC.
However, in the course of all processes, including pressing and drying, solvents and solutions
containing aromatic hydrocarbons may be used in closed systems.
Article 232 – Aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives which are generally used as
solvents and pose a risk of inflaming shall be replaced by other substance with suitable properties.
Part Six : Special Safety Measures to be Taken While Working on Certain Toxic,
Irritating and Harmful Liquids or Gases
Article 233 – The following measures shall be taken where installations used in the
production, processing and storage of ammonia issue ammonia to a harmful extent for any reason:
a) A manual sprinkler or an automatic sprinkler mechanism operating on the effect of
ammonia diffused in the air shall be available.
b) An easily accessible piping network, capable of spraying plenty of water, shall be available
so as to wet workers performing drying or repairing tasks within an air saturated with ammonia
c) Workers shall be trained to run for 20 seconds without breathing, with one eye being closed
and the other being half-open, where necessary, and continuation of their such capability shall be kept
under strict supervision.
d) There shall be an adequate quantity of suitable ammonia masks with active coal, which are
added or not added copper sulfate, available at the workplace.
Article 234 – Where dissemination of carbon oxides to a harmful and dangerous extent is
possible in a workplace, the following measures shall be taken:
a) The workplace shall have been designed to allow evacuation of workers before gas
becomes fatal to workers, or the generated gas shall be burned or ejected through proper means of
exhaustion.
b) Those who have to work in an environment with carbon monoxide shall be given a fresh air
mask and fresh air shall be supplied from the outside through a pipe suiting such mask.
Article 235 – It is a must that relatively less harmful solvents be used instead of carbon
sulphur. Where the use of carbon sulphur is indispensable, a proper ventilation system shall be built.
Article 236 – In production of chlorine via the electrolytic method, coal and mercury
electrodes as well as electrodes made of other similar substances according to technological
developments.
Article 237 – In case of sudden escapes of chlorine, an adequate quantity of ammonium
hydroxide shall be available to inhibit the effects of chlorine, in workplaces where chlorine is
produced, used or otherwise treated.
Article 238 – As soon as smell of chlorine is felt at a workplace, alarm shall be given
immediately and the workplace shall be evacuated as fast as possible. However, workers wearing
masks protecting their respiratory tracts (preferably with active coal, added aqueous lime and
kiselguhr) or appropriate breathing apparatuses where necessary shall stay in to look for the reasons
for the escape of gas and perform necessary repairs.
Workers exposed to chlorine shall be taken out to fresh air, be allowed to rest, and their
irritated organs shall be washed with diluted sodium bicarbonate solution. No artificial respiration
shall be made to and no pressurized oxygen shall be given to the patient.
Article 239 – Health statuses of those who work with cyanogens, cyanides and their
derivatives shall be kept under constant supervisions.
Article 240 – Cyanide compounds shall be kept in containers with a clearly visible
inscriptions: “TOXIC”. Cyanide compounds shall be kept away from acids. Artificial respiration shall
be applied to the patient exposed to cyanide compounds in fresh air, oxygen shall be given; and if s/he
has swallowed cyanide, s/he shall be given water containing 5 egg whites per liter to make him/her
vomit.
Where contact with cyanogens and cyanide compounds is indispensable, workers shall be
provided with masks with active coal, added silver oxide, gloves, clothes and other personal protection
instruments.
Article 241 – The following measures shall be taken in the production, processing and storage
of dimethyl sulfate:
a) Concentrated ammoniac solution shall be available in workplaces so as to inhibit the effects
of dimethyl sulfate transmitted to body or clothes.
b) Sodium bicarbonate solution shall be kept available in the workplace so that it is used by
workers against dimethyl sulfate steam.
c) Medical consultation and necessary treatments shall be given to workers suspected to have
breathed dimethyl sulfate
Article 242 – The following measures shall be taken in the production, processing and storage
of methyl bromide:
a) Manufacturing processes involving the use of such substance shall be performed in totally
closed systems.
Pouring of methyl bromide from one container to another in the open air shall be made over a
mechanical lower-traction suction mechanism and this substance shall be stored at temperatures of
10oC or lower.
c) At enclosed workplaces, no fire extinguishers with methyl bromide shall be used.
d) Methly bromide used in filling fire extinguishers shall be added an aromatic substance
whose boiling temperature is close to that of methyl bromide.
Article 243 – Where methyl bromide is used as a pesticide, nobody other than authorized
persons shall be allowed. Workers shall not be allowed in such places, until it is found that the air is
not dangerous any more.
Where necessary, suitable masks with active coal shall be used.
Article 244 – Formic acid shall not be used as a solvent for lacquers and polishes.
Article 245 – In workplaces where existence of phosgene is probable, workers shall
frequently gargle with a solution with borax.
Article 246 – In the production of lead tetraethyl or other processes involving the use of such
substance, workers shall avoid contact with the liquid. Where they contact the liquid, they shall
immediately wash their skin primarily by gas oil, then soap and warm water. Where the liquid is
spilled and spread, the floor shall be primarily washed by plenty of gas oil and warm water or be
cleaned by spreading a layer of hypochlorite and by plenty of water.
Part Seven : Safety Measures to be Taken While Working on Animal and Herbal
Materials
Article 247 – Workplaces where animal and herbal oils or soap is produced and where animal
bones are carbonized, ground, etc. or adhesives are manufactured shall be made of materials resistant
against fire. Their floorings shall have proper inclinations and have no wooden parts in the open.
Article 248 - Places where chemicals of an animal origin or a herbal origin are prepared shall
be cleaned frequently with a suitable disinfectant and washed with plenty of water.
Article 249 – Bones to be used at workplaces shall be disinfected, primarily by the help of
chemicals or boiled in a water with a temperature of 100oC for 30 minutes or disinfected with other
methods.
Article 250 – In workplaces where substances of an animal origin or a herbal origin are
produced, rotten or stinking substances shall not be kept in the open. In the case of a technical
obligation, they shall be kept so as not to disturb the environment.
Article 251 – In places where works involve substances likely to lead to infections, such
substances shall be properly disinfected before they are processed and at the end of works, and after
working areas are cleaned.
Section Six : Final Provisions
Article 252 – Workplaces other than those that are envisaged to keep available a chemist or
chemical engineer under the Regulation on the Implementation of Article 6 of the Law No. 6269 on
Chemists and Chemical Engineers shall be kept under the technical supervision and responsibility of
persons with technical capacity.
Article 253 – On the outer sides of the main gates of workplaces subject to this Regulation
shall be placed a metal plate at a visible place, which is proportionate to the size of such place, and
whose shape, color and size is in compliance with the special marking sample no. 1 as annexed to this
Ordinance.
Article 254 – Health and safety measures mentioned in this Ordinance relate to the susntance
and are first-degree measures mentioned under subparagraph A of Article 75 of the Labor Law No.
1475
Provisional Article 1 – Employers shall adapt, to the provisions of this Ordinance, their
workplaces, which have been opened and awarded an establishment authorization and a certificate of
operation prior to the entry into force of this Ordinance, within 12 months at the latest, and request the
inspection of their workplaces by applying to the authority responsible for inspection.
Article 255 – Provisions of this Ordinance issued by the Ministries of Labor and Health and
Social Assistance and examined by the Council of State shall enter into force on the date of their
publication in the Official Gazette.
Article 256 – Provisions of this Regulation shall be enforced by the Council of Ministers.
CHARTS INDICATING HIGHEST ALLOWABLE QUANTITIES OF SEVERAL CHEMICALS IN
THE AIR OF WORKPLACES
Chart 1
Highest Allowable Quantity
ppm. Special
Name of the Chemical (sm³./M³) mg./M³ Markings
1. Ethyl Acrylate . 25 100 D.
2. Methyl Acrylate 10 35 D.
3. Acryl nitrile 20 45 D.
4. Acrolein 0,1 0,25
5. Allyl alcohol (2-Propen -1-01) 2 5 D.
6. Allyl glicidileter (AGE) 10 45 T.
7. Allyl chlorine 1 3
8. Allyl propyl disulpfur 2 12
9. Iso-Amyl Alcohol 100 360
10. Amyl Acetate 100 525 N.
11. Ammonia 50 35 T.
12. Anilin 5 19 D.
13. Antimony tri-hydrogen (Stibine) 0,1 0,5
14. Arsenic tri-hydrogen (Arsine) 0,05 0,2
15. Acetaldehyde 200 360
16. Acetic Acid 10 25
17. Acetic Acid Amyl Ester 100 525 n.
18. Acetic Acid Anhydride (Acetic anhydride) 5 20
19. Acetic Acid butyl ester (n-Butyl acetate) 150 710 n.
20. Acetic acid ethyl ester (Ethyl acetate) 400 1400
21. Acetic acid hexyl ester (Methyl amyl acetate) 50 300 s.
22. Acetic acid methyl ester (methyl acetate) 200 610
23. Acetic acid propyl ester (n-propyl acetate) 200 840 n.
24. Acetylene tetra brome 1 14
25. Acetone 1000 2400
26. Acetonitrile 40 70
27. Nitrous Oxide 5 9 T.
28. Benzene (Benzol) 20 64 T.and D
29. Benzyl Chloride 1 5
30. Benzine 500 2000
31. Tetrahydroboron 0,05 0,3
32. Boron trifluor 1 3 T.
33. Brome 0,1 0,7
34. Hydrobromic acid) 5 17
35. Butadiene 1000 2200
36. 1-Butanol 100 300
37. 2-Butanol 150 450
38. Ter-Butanol (Trimethylkarbind) 1200 300
39. 2- Butanone 200 590
40. Butyl alcohol 100 300
41. n-Butylamine (1-Aminobutan) 5 15 T. and D.
42. n-Butylacetate 150 710
43. Butylglycol (2-Butoxi-ethanol) 50 240
44. n-Butyl glycidyl ether (BGE) 50 270
45. Butyl mercaptan 10 35
46. p-t-Butyltoluen 10 60
47. Mercury 0,1 D.
48. Mercury (organic compounds) 0,01 D. 48. Decaboram 0,05 0,3 D.
49. Diaceton alcohol (4-methyl, 2-pentanon) 50 240
50. Diboran 0,1 0,1
51. 1,2-Dibro-methane 25 190 T. and D.
52. Diethylamin 25 75
53. Diethyl ether 400 1200
54. Difluor-dibrome-methane 100 860
55. Diglycidyl ether (DGE) 0,5 2,8 T.
56. Diisobutyl ketone 50 290
57. o-Dichlorine benzene 50 300 T.
58. p-Dichlorine benzene 75 450
59. Dichlorofluor-methane (Fluorocarbon 1000 4950
60. 1,1- Dichloretan 100 400
61. 1,2-Dichloretan 50 200
62. 1,2- Dichlorethylene 200 790
63. Dichlorethylether 15 90 T.ve D.
64. Dichloro-methane 500 1740
65. Diklormonofluormetan 1000 4200
66. 1,1-Dichlorine-1-nitroethane 10 60 T.
67. 1,2-Dichloro-propane 75 350
68. Dichloro-tetrafluorethane 1000 7000
69. Dimethyl-anilin 5 25 D.
70. Dimethyl-formaid 10 30 D.
71. 1,1-Dimethyl-hidrazine 0,5 1 D.
72. Dimethyl-sulfate 1 5 D.
73. Dioxan 100 360 D.
74. Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether 100 600 D.
75. Epichlorohydrin 5 19 D.
76. Ethyl acrylate 25 100 D.
77. Ethyl alcohol (Ethanol) 1000 1900
78. Ethylamin 10 18
79. Ethyl acetate 400 1400
80. Ethyl benzene (Phenyl Ethane) 100 435
81. Ethyl brome 200 890
82. Ethylene diamin (1,2-Diaminoetan) 10 25
83. Ethylene glycol dinitrate 0,2 1 D.ve D.
84. Ethylene glycol monobutylether 50 240
85. Ethylene glycol monoethyleter 200 740
86. Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate 100 540
87. Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether 25 80
88. Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate 25 120 D.
89. Ethyleneamin 0,5 1 D.
90. Ethylene chlorohydrine 5 16 D.
91. Ethylene oxide 50 90
92. Di Ethyl ether 400 1200
93. Ethyl formiad 100 300 s.
94. Ethyl glycol 200 740
95. Ethyl chlorine 1000 2600
96. Ethyl mercaptan 10 25
97. Ethyl silicate (Tetraethyl orthosilicate) 100 850
98. Phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) 10 60
99. Phenyl-hidrazin 5 22 D.
100. Phenol (Phenic acid) 5 19 D.
101. Fluorine 0,1 0,2
102. Trichlorofluoromethane (Fluorocarbon 11) 1000 5600
103. Fluorine acid (Hydrofluoric acid) 3 2
104. Formaldehyde 5 6 T.
105. Fommic acid dıctil ester (Ethyl Formiad) 100 300
106. Formic acid dimethyl ester (Methyl Formiad) 100 250
107. Phosphine 0,3 0,4
108. Phosphor oxichlorine (Phosphorile Chlorine) 0,5 3
109. Phosphor trichlorine 0,5 3
110. Phosgene 0,1 0,4
111. Furfuryl alcohol 50 200
112. Furfural 5 20 D.
113. Glycidol 50 150
114. n-Hexane 500 1800
115. 2. Hexanon 100 410
116. Sec-Hexyl acetate 50 300
117. n-Heptane 500 2000
118. Hidrazine 1 1,3 D.
119. Hydrogen peroxide (90 %) 1 1,4
120. Ivod 0,1 1
121. Isophoron 25 149
122. Carbon dioxide 5000 9000
123. Carbon monoxide 500 55
124. Carbon sulphur 20 60 D.
125. Carbon tetrachlorine 10 65 D.
126. Ketone 0,5 0,9
127. Quinone 0,1 0,4
128. Chlorine 1 3
129. Chloro-acetaldehyde 1 3 T.
130. Chloro-benzene (Monochlorobenzene) 75 350
131. Chlorobromomethane (Methylene Chlorobrome) 200 1050
132. Chlorodioxide 0,1 0,3
133. 2-Chlorine-1-ethanol 5 16 D.
134. 1-Chlorine-1-nitropropane 20 100
135. Chloroform 50 240 T.
136. Chloropren 25 90 D.
137. Chloropicrin 0,1 0,7
138. Chloro-trifluorine 0,1 0,4 P.
139. Hydrochloric acid) 5 7
140. Crezol (All isomers) 5 22 D.
141. Xylidine (All isomers) 5 25 D.
142. Xylene (Xylol) (All isomers) 100 435
143. Sulphur dioxide 5 13
144. Sulphur hexafluorine 1000 6000
145. Sulphurous hydrogen (Hydrogen sulphur) 10 15
146. Sulphur chlorine 1 6
147. Sulphur pentafluorine 0,025 0,025
148. Mesityl oxide 25 100
149. Methanol (Methyl alcohol) 200 260
150. Methyl acrylate 10 35 D.
151. Methylale 1000 3100
152. Methyl acetate 200 610
153. Methyl acetylene 1000 1650
154. Methyl brome (bromomethane) 20 80 T.
155. Methyl butyl ketone 100 410
156. Methylene chlorine 500 1740
157. Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) 200 590
158. Methyl formiad 100 250
159. Methyl glycol (Propylene glycol) 25 80
160. Methylisobutylcarbinol 25 100 D.
161. Methylisobutyl eton 100 410
162. Methylchloroform (1,1,1, Trichlorethane) 350 1900
163. Methyl chlorine 100 210 T.
164. Methyl mercaptan 10 20 T.
165. 2-Methyl-2-pentenon-4 25 100
166. Methyl propyl ketone 200 700
167. Methylcyclohexane 500 2000
168. Methylcyclohexonal (figure O, m and p) 100 470
169. O Methylcyclohexamon 100 460 D.
170. a-Methylstirol (Methylstyrene) 100 480 T.
171. Monomethylanilin 2 9 D.
172. Naphtha (pf coal tar) 100 400 hk.
173. Naphtha (of raw petroleum) 500 2000 hk.
174. Nickel carbonyl 0,001 0,007
175. Nitrate acid Nitric acid 2 5
176. p-Nitroanilin 1 6 D.
177. Nitrobenzene 1 5 D.
178. Nitrostan 100 310
179. Nitroglycol 0,25 1,6 D.and d
180. Nitroglycerin 0,2 2 T.D. and d.
181. Nitromethane 100 250
182. 1-Nitropropane 25 90
183. 2-Nitropropane 25 90
184. Nitrotoluol (Nitrotoluen) o, m, p) 5 30 D.
185. Octane 400 1900
186. Ozone 0,1 0,2
187. Pentachlororethane 5 40
188. Pentane 1000 2950
189. 2-Pentanon 200 700
190. Perchorethylene 100 670
191. Perchlormethyl mercaptan 0,1 0,0
192. Pyridine 5 15
193. Iso-Propylalcohol 200 500
194. Iso-Propylamin 5 12
195. Propylene-amin 2 5 D.
196. Propylene oxide 100 240
197. Iso-Propylether 500 2100
198. Iso-Propyl glycidilete (IGE) 50 240
199. n-Propyl nitrate 25 110
200. Selenious Hydrogen 0,05 0,2
201. Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) 1000 1800
202. Cyclohexane 300 1050
203. Cyclohexanol 50 200
204. Cyclohexanon 50 200
205. Cyclohexen 300 1050
206. Hydro cyanic acid 10 11 D.
207. Styrol (Styrene monomer) 100 420 T.
208. Terebinthine 100 560
209. 1,1.2,2-Tetrabromethane 1 14
210. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) 200 590
211. 1,1.2,2-Tetrachloroethane 5 35
212. Tetrachlorethylene (Perchlorethylene) 100 670
213. Tetranitromethane 1 8
214. O-Toluidine 5 22 D.
215. Toluen-2-4 diisocyanide 0,02 0,14 T.
216. Toluene (Toluol) 00 750
217. Triethylamin 25 100
218. Trifluoromonobrommethane 1000 6100
219. 1,1,2-Trichlorine-1,2,2-Trifluorethane 1000 7600
220. 1,1,1-Trichlorethane 350 1900
221. Trichlorethylene 100 535
222. Vinyl acetate (Monomer) 10
223. Vinyl chlorine (Monomer) 500 1300
224. Vinyltoluol (Vinyltolien) (Monomer) 100 480
Chart II.
Highest Allowable Quantity
Name of the Special Chemical mg./M³ Markings
1. Alfa naphthyl thiourea (ANTU) 0,3
2. Aldrin 0,25 D.
3. Ammat (Ammonium sulfamate) 15
4. Antimony and its compounds 0,5
5. Arsenic and its compounds 0,5
6. Soluble compounds of barium 0,5
7. Beryllium 0,002
8. Zinc Chlorine 1
9. Zinc Oxide 5
10. Iron oxide 10
11. Dieldrin 0,25 D.
12. Dichlorodiphenyltrichlorethane (DDT) 1 D.
13. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) 10
14. Dinitrobenzene (all isomers) 1 D.
15. Dinitro-o-crezol (DNOC) 0,2 D.
16. Dinitrotoluene (DNT) 1,5 D.
17. E 605 paration bk. 0,1 D.
18. Endrin 0,1 D.
19. EPN 0,5 D.
20. Phenylthiophosphoricacid-p-nitrophenyl, ethylether 0,5 D.
21. Ferbam (Ferridimethyldithiocarbamate) 15
22. Ferrovanadine 1
23. Fluorides 2,5
24. Phosphor (white, yellow or colorless) 0,1
25. Phosphor pentachloride 1
26. Phosphor pentaoxide 1
27. Phosphor pentasulphur 1
28. Heptachlorotetrahydro-endomethylennaphthalin 0,5 D.
29. Hydroquinone 2
30. Yttrium 1
31. Cadmium and its soluble compounds 0,2
32. Cadmium oxide 0,1
33. Calcium arsenate 1
34. Calcium oxide 5
35. Chlordane (Octachlorotetrahydrogendomethylenidiamin) 0,5 D.
36. Chlorodiphenyl (containing 42 % Chlorine) 1 D.
37. Chlorodiphenyl (containing 54 % Chlorine) 0,5 D.
38. Chlorous camphor (containing 60 % Chlorine) 0,5
39. Chromic acid and its salts 0,1
40. Lead 0,2
41. Lead arsenate 0,15
42. Lindane (Hexachlorocyclohexane) 0,5 D.
43. Lithium hydrogen 0,025
44. Magnesium oxide 15
45. Malathion 15 D.
46. Manganese 5 T.
47. Soluble Compounds of Molybdenum 5
48. Insoluble Compounds of Molybdenum 15
49. Nicotine 0,5 D.
50. Wood dust 10
51. Parathion 0,1 D.
52. Pentaboran 0,01
53. Pentachlorophenol 0,5 D.
54. Pentachloronaphthalene 0,5 D.
55. Picric acid 0,1 D.
56. Pyrethrum 5
57. Rotenone 5
58. Selenium compounds 0,2
59. Systox 0,1 D.
60. Cyanides 5 D.
61. Sodium fluoracetate (1080) 0,05 D.
62. Sodium hydroxide 2
63. Strychnine 0,15
64. Sulphuric acid anhydrite 1
65. Soluble compounds of thallium 0,1 D.
66. Tellurium compounds 0,1
67. Tetraethyldithionapyrophosphate (TEDP) 0,2 D.
68. Tetraethylpyrophosphate (TEPP) 0,05 D.
69. Tetryl 1,5
70. Thiram 5
71. Titanium dioxide15
72. 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) 10
73. Trichloronaphthalene 5 D.
74. Trinitrotoluen (TNT) 1,5 D.
75. Soluble compounds of Uranium 0,05
76. Insoluble compounds of Uranium 0,25
77. Vanadium pentaoxide 0,5 T.
78. Warfarin (Phenylacetylethylhydroxycoumarine) 0,1
79. Zirconium compounds 5
Chart III
MAX Values Envisaged For Dusts:
Necessary Formula required for dusts containing SiO2, a free crystalline, at ground workplaces:
K
Z = C2x ----------100
Where; Z = Degree of Harmfulness
C = Dust concentration lower than 5 microns (mg/m³)
K = Quantity of SiO2, free crys. (%).
The workplace shall be considered non-dangerous, if the Z value is:
lower than 0,2;
The workplace shall be considered critical, if the Z value is:
between 0,2 and 1;
And the workplace shall be considered dangerous, if the Z value is
over 1.
Formulae for finding values required for coal dust:
Concentration (mg/m3) of the dust with a granular size smaller than 5 microns should be equal to or
lower than the value A to be found by the following formula.
10
A = -------------% SİO2+ 2
Total dust concentration (mg/m3), on the other hand, should be equal to or lower than the value B to be
found by the following formula:
30
B = --------------% SİO3 + 3
Number of asbestos fibers shall not be more than 5 per cm3 (Harmful fibers are those with a leght
more than 5 microns and whose width is smaller than 1/3 of its length.)
DATA, DESCRIPTION AND EXPLANATION AS TO CHARTS I, II AND III
Highest allowable quantities (concentrations) of various chemicals in the air of the workplace shall be
briefly referred to as MAX value.
1 – Definition of MAX value: the highest allowable quantities of various chemicals in the air of the
workplace, which do not harm the health of those who are to work eight hours a day in the workplace.
Quantities shall be expressed in terms of volume, weight and particle units.
Volume unit is ppm (cm3/M3), weight unit mg/3 and the particle unit is mpp/M3. Let us describe them:
2 – ppm (cm³/M³) is the quantity, expressed in cm3, of various chemical substances in the gaseous
state in the 106 cm3 air at a temperature of 25 oC and a pressure of 760 mm Mercury. Example: see.
Chart 1
3- mg./M³ is defined as the quantities, expressed in mg., of chemicals in 1 M3 air in the gaseous, liquid
and solid state. Example: see Chart 1 and 11.
4 - mpp/M³ is defined as the quantity, expressed in number of particles in 106, of chemicals in the air
in the solid state. Example: see Chart 111
Various letters used in Charts stand for the following:
D .. indicates the substances having the risk of being absorbed by the skin
T .. indicates the substances whose ceiling values must not be exceeded.
n .. indicates esters composed of normal alcohols.
d .. indicates the substances requiring the use of personal protection means in the case their quantities
in the air are more than 0.02 ppm, so that they do not cause headache.
hk .. Acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons are indicated with this abbreviation.
DISTANCES REGARDING EXPLOSIVES
Chart IV a.
Distance from unguarded buildings
Quantity of Explosives – Their distance from Residential Buildings, Highways and Railways and from
Each Other
(Kg.) (m) (m) (m)
1 15 8 2
5 30 15 3
10 45 23 5
50 105 53 11
100 150 75 15
500 300 150 30
1000 450 225 45
5000 1050 525 105
10000 1500 750 150
DISTANCES REGARDING EXPLOSIVES
Chart IV b.
Distance from unguarded buildings
Quantity of Explosives – Their distance from Residential Buildings, Highways and Railways and from
Each Other
(Kg.) (m) (m) (m)
1 10 5 1
5 20 10 2
10 30 15 3
50 70 35 7
100 100 50 10
500 200 100 20
1000 300 150 30
5000 700 350 70
10000 1000 500 100
DISTANCES REGARDING EXPLOSIVES
Chart IV c.
Distance from unguarded buildings
Quantity of Explosives – Their distance from Residential Buildings, Highways and Railways and from
Each Other
(Kg.) (m) (m) (m)
1741
5 15 8 2
10 20 10 2
50 50 25 5
100 70 35 7
500 150 75 15
1000 200 100 20
5000 500 250 50
10000 700 350 70
DISTANCES REGARDING EXPLOSIVES
Chart IV d.
Distance from unguarded buildings
Quantity of Explosives – Their distance from Residential Buildings, Highways and Railways and from
Each Other
(Kg.) (m) (m) (m)
1420
5841
10 10 5 1
50 25 13 3
100 35 18 4
500 75 38 8
1000 100 50 10
5000 250 125 25
10000 350 175 35
DISTANCES REGARDING FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS AND LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES
Chart V
Container’s distance from, adjacent lands, Highways and Railways
Containers’ distance from each other
Container’s Volume
Cubic Meter. Distance from Underground Tanker, Ground Tanker
(m3) Meter (m) Meter (m) Meter (m)
0 - 0,5 0 3 0
0,5 - 3 3 3 1
3 - 10 5 7,5 1
10 - 120 10 15 1,5
120 - 250 15 20 1,5
250 - 600 - 22,5 1/4 of Container’s Diameter
600 - 1200 - 25 1/4 of Container’s Diameter
1200 - 5000 - 30 1/4 of Container’s Diameter
5000 - 10000 - 40 1/4 of Container’s Diameter