Classification of Hazardous chemicals
Hazardous chemicals are classified into 9 classes
1. Explosives :
1.1 : Explosives with a mass explosion hazard
1.2 : Explosives with a projection hazard
1.3 : Explosives with predominantly a fire hazard
1.4 : Explosives with no significant blast hazard
1.5 : Very Insensitive explosive , blasting agent
1.6 : Extremely insensitive detonating substances
Detonate : Supersonic Speed : >1100 feet / Second
TNT has detonation : 22,600 feet / Second
EFFECT ON MATERIALS / EQUIPMENTS DURING PRESSURE RISE
OF EXPLOSION
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
PRESSURE (PSI)
EFFECT
0.3
0.4
3.0
4.0
6.0
7.0
10.0
10% Glass broken
Minor structure damage to building
Steel frame building destroyed
Oil storage tank ruptured
Complete destruction of house
Loaded wagon train overturn
Total destruction of building, heavytools or
machinery damage and very heavy
machinery survived.
EFFECT OF SHOCK WAVES
EFFECT
PSI
1
Knock person down
1
2
Ear drum ruptures
5
3
Lung damage
15
4
Thershold for fatalities
35
5
50% Fatalities
50
6
90% Fatalities
65
2. COMPRESSED GASES:
Non Flammable Gases :
• Nitrogen
Flammable Gases :
• LPG
• Acetylene
• Hydrogen
Toxic Gases :
• Chlorine
• Phosgene
Compressed gases : Cylinder
• Do not consider any gas cylinder simple, it can be dangerous
• Gas cylinders should be coloured as per the colour code
• Do not allow any cylinder to be stored in direct sunlight /
temperature
• While moving cylinders from one place to other, do not allow to
roll the same on ground. Either shift the same in a cage or shift
rolling upright.
• Never assume a cylinder is empty
• Use gas cylinders with proper pressure gauges
• Do not grease cylinder valves
• Do not hammer the cylinders
INDUSTRIAL GAS CYLINDERS COLOUR CODE AND
DESCRIPTIONS
GAS
OXY
GEN
NITR
OGEN
CAR
BON
DIO
XIDE
AMM
ONIA
FREO
N - 12
BLAC
K
RED
&
YELL
OW
Bottom
end
Grey
Neck
end
Violet
None
ARG
ON
CHLO
RINE
HYDR
OGEN
ACETY
LENE
LPG
AIR
RED
GRE
Y
NON
E
NON
E
VISUAL
IDENTIFICAT
ION
DISTINCTIVE
COLOUR
BODY
BAND
SIZE IN
COMM. USE
LENGTH (M)
BLA
CK
BLA
CK
GREY
NON
E
NONE
WHI
TE
1.6
1.6
1.52
1.5
1.45
1.46
1.22
1.6
1.4
BLU
E
NON
E
1.5
YELL
OW
RED
NONE
NONE
1.5
1.6
2.0
1.45
MARO
ON
NONE
1.6
1.2
1.2
1.45
BUSTING TEMPERATURES OF CYLINDERS
CONTENT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Ammonia
Sulphur Dioxide
Chlorine
LPG
Acetylene
Nautral Gas
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Air
TEMPERATURE
(deg C)
60
80
95
180
240
380
410
450
480
3. Flammable Liquids :
•
Mineral Turpentine / MCEE - 10
• Toluene
• Xylene
• Acetone
• IPA
• DAA
• Hexane
• MEK
• Styrene
• Methyl Methacrylate
• 2 Ethyl Hexyl Acrylate
• Butyl Acrylate
Upper Explosive Limit
12.8 %
Flammable range
for
Acetone
Lower Explosive Limit
2.5 %
Upper Explosive Limit
6.0 %
Flammable range
for
Mineral Turpentine
Lower Explosive Limit
0.8- 0.9 %
Upper Explosive Limit
6.0 %
Flammable range
for
Xylene
Lower Explosive Limit
1.0 %
• 4.1 :- Flammable solids [solids other than those
classified as explosive, which are readily
combustible or may cause fire through friction]
• 4.2:- Solids liable for spontaneous combustion.
• 4.3:- Solids which in contact with water emit
flammable gases.
4. Flammable Solids :
• Sodium
• Potassium Compound
• Aluminum Paste
• Zinc Dust
• Sodium Benzoate
• Linol Green 6 YKPN
• MPA 60
4. Flammable Solids :
• Hansa Yellow Brilliant 5 GX
• Yellow Oxide 1814
• Zinc Chrome
• Sudarshan Fast
• Capolyte CP - 100
• Rubine Toner
• 5.1 :- Oxidizing substance [substances which while
themselves not necessarily combustible may generally by
yielding oxygen, cause or contribute to the combustion of
other materials.]
• 5.2:- Organic peroxides [organic chemicals which
contain O – O structure and may be considered derivatives
of hydrogen peroxide. Organic peroxides are thermally
unstable and may undergo exothermic self sustaining
decomposition causing rapid burning and / or explosion.
They may also be sensitive to impact or friction or may
react dangerously with other substances or may cause
damage to eyes.]
5. Oxidizing Substances :
• H2O2
• Kmno4
• AgNo3
• DTBP
Oxidizers accept electrons in chemical
reaction
 Release oxygen and help in
continuation of fire
•Poisonous [toxic] substances. The word poisonous
has the same meaning as toxic. These substances are
liable either to cause death or serious injury or to
harm human health. If swallowed or inhaled or by
skin contact.
•Infectious substances. These are substances
containing microorganisms or toxins, which are
known or suspected to cause disease in animals or
humans.
Toxicity
The dose determines level of toxicity
• Dose = Concentration X exposure Time
• Acute vs. Chronic
– alcohol consumption
• Local vs. Systemic
– pet flea shampoo
Toxicology Definitions
PEL-Permissible Exposure Level
• Levels established by OSHA for personnel
exposure to air contaminants.
IDLH-Imminently Dangerous to Life and Health
• NIOSH recommendation; refers to acute
respiratory exposure that poses an immediate
threat of loss of life or immediate or delayed
irreversible effects on health
Toxicity Definitions
Asphyxiant - prevents oxygen from reaching body tissue.
– carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.
Allergen/Sensitizer - causes allergic reaction which can be lethal
(anaphylaxsis)
– DCC, isocyanates, organophosphates, heavy metals
Carcinogen - known to, or suspected of, causing cancer
– benzene
Teratogen - reproductive toxins which may do damage to the fetus
– dioxins, DES
Mutagen - reproductive toxins which may damage or interfere with
genetic material
6. Poisonous Substances :
• Cyanides
• Herbicides
• Fungicides
• Biocides
7. Radioactive
• Radium
• Uranium
• Thorium
• Plutonium
8.Corrosive Substances :
• Acids
• Alkalies
• Phenol
• TPP
9. Other Hazardous Substances :
Safety Diamond
• Ratings are from
– 0: no hazard to
– 4: extreme hazard
• “Special Cautions”:
– oxidizers, acids, bases,
or corrosive materials