School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL
SCIENCES
SAFETY MANUAL
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
1
The manual is arranged in four sections, the first deals with chemical hazards and general
laboratory Health and Safety. The second section deals with working within the biological
laboratory environment, the third section field work, the fourth section with psychology.
Contents
Section
General Lab and Chemical environment
General regulations
Emergency procedures
Accidents and reporting
First aid and medical
Fire
Security
Bomb threat
Chemical contamination of eyes and skin
Access to the Fogg, Joseph Priestley and Francis Bancroft buildings
Working alone
Hazards laboratory
School Safety Committee
Assessments under COSHH
COSHH, BIO-COSHH and General Risk Assessment
General laboratory regulations
Cryogenic liquids
Gas cylinders
Chemical Hazards
Carcinogens, Mutagens and substances toxic to reproduction
Autoclaves
Centrifuges
Leaving the laboratory
1
2
3
4
5
10
11
12
13
16
18
20
21
35
38
53
54
81
85
93
94
95
Working with biological agents in hazard groups 1 to 3
96
Introduction
Risk Assessment
Definitions
Containment
Authorising work in containment Level 2 and above laboratories
Training
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Health monitoring and Immunisation
Storage of Samples
Transporting biological agents
Disposal of biological agents
Disinfection
Biological hazard signs
Commissioning of Category 3 Laboratories
Microbiological safety cabinets
Proper use of safety cabinets
Hazard groups for materials that may be encountered
Containment for work with cells
Requirements for Containment level I
Requirements for Containment level II
Requirements for Containment level III
Procedures for work with Genetically Modified Organisms
Policy and procedures for the Management of Clinical Waste
Clinical waste definition
97
100
103
111
113
115
117
119
122
126
128
130
135
139
143
157
166
167
168
169
171
182
205
207
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
2
Contents
Section
Clinical waste procedures
209
Fieldwork
Introduction
General regulations
Medical treatment and first aid
Accidents and reporting
Working alone
General behaviour
School safety committee
Assessments under COSHH
COSHH, BIO-COSHH and General Risk Assessment
General safety
Terrain
Location
Overseas work
Projects and research protocols
Undergraduate project student and postgraduate student
Guidelines for safety field work and similar activities
Activity undertaken
Small group or independent activity
Required reading
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
232
239
240
244
245
246
265
266
Psychology
Psychology
Activities involving animal related hazards
Risk factors
Risk control measures
Persons at risk
Health surveillance
Exclusions
Relevant statutory provisions and other guidelines
Ethics committee
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
Appendices
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
Appendix 4
Appendix 5
Appendix 6
Appendix 7
Appendix 8
Appendix 9
Appendix 10
Appendix 11
Appendix 12
Appendix 13
Reportable accidents and dangerous occurrences
Health matters
The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH
Regulations)
School grading to conform to Electricity at Work Regulations
Advice for field workers on Leptospirosis
Advice for field workers on Lyme disease
Advice for field workers on Adders (Vipera beris)
Advice for field workers on Hemlock Water Dropwort (Oenanthe crocta)
Advice for field workers on Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum)
Field work risk assessment and method statement
Field work medical questionnaire
Overnight form
Accident report form
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
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1.
GENERAL REGULATIONS
This Safety Manual provides specific information for staff and students working in
the biology laboratory areas within the Fogg and Joseph Priestley building’s. It
provides a written record of the customary procedures and a reminder of safety
issues of particular relevance to those working in biology laboratories.
Staff and students should familiarise themselves with the college’s Environmental
Health and Safety Web pages at
http://qm-web.safety.qmul.ac.uk/index.html
These provide details of college policies and procedures, safety courses and links to
other useful sites.
The School safety website also has the Biology Division Safety Manual, Chemistry
Division Safety Manual and Field Study Manual. As well as this document, these is
provide a written record of Departmental procedures and a reminder of safety issues
of particular relevance to work in the divisions and the School overall.
Copies of this manual are available for view or downloading at
http://qm-web.chem.qmul.ac.uk/safety/
2.
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
IN EMERGENCY DIAL 333
College Security will set up a conference call to the emergency services and listen in while
you report the emergency, and will also summon College staff to your assistance.
3.
ACCIDENTS and REPORTING

All accidents no matter how minor must be reported to the School’s Safety Officer,
College Safety Adviser on the ‘Accident & Dangerous Occurrence Report’ [see
Appendix 4] form which can be found in every First Aid Box or downloaded from, the
School Safety Website or from the College website.
http://qm-web.safety.qmul.ac.uk/procedures/emergency/f_accident.doc
One copy of the completed form must be returned to:

College Health and Safety Office
m.giguere@qmul.ac.uk
Tel: 13 5310
One copy returned to:

School Safety Advisor
A.g.scott@qmul.ac.uk
Tel: 13 3009

One copy to be kept as a record for the Supervisor, PI, or Chief Technician.

If the accident is such that treatment is given by the Health Centre or a casualty
department, the form must be completed on return to the School. Copies of the
accident report should be sent to the research supervisor, the Safety Officer, Head
of School and the College Safety Adviser.
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
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4.

The Health and Safety at Work, etc. Act 1974 requires that certain accidents and
dangerous occurrences must be reported to the Health and Safety Executive within
seven days of the incident. Failure to do so is a criminal offence. Appendix 1
summarises those accidents and dangerous occurrences that must be reported to
the Health and Safety Executive.

The full list of reportable accidents and dangerous occurrences is contained in the
Reporting of Incidents, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1985.

The College Safety Adviser is responsible for reporting accidents or dangerous
occurrences in the correct manner (see Appendix 5) and it is therefore essential that
he is notified as quickly as possible after the accident.

When a reportable accident or dangerous occurrence has occurred, the site of the
incident (other than for purposes of making the area safe) must not be cleaned,
tidied up, or in any other way disturbed until both the College and Safety Advisers
have conducted an initial investigation.
FIRST AID and MEDICAL TREATMENT

The appropriate course of action to take in the event of an accident will depend on
the nature of the injuries sustained.

Minor injuries can be treated by oneself using materials from the First Aid boxes
which are located in all teaching laboratories in both the Fogg, Joseph Priestley and
in the research laboratories in the Francis Bancroft buildings. The larger research
laboratories in the Fogg and Joseph Priestley buildings, The General Office on the
3rd Floor of the Fogg Building, and the 1st floor stores Joseph Priestley building also
have first aid boxes.

A list of current First Aiders in the Fogg building is displayed on each floor. In the
Joseph Priestley building they are displayed on notices in the Store Room and
elsewhere, first aider lists are also displayed in the Francis Bancroft building, contact
security if in doubt. Specify your exact location. First Aid Boxes are located in every
laboratory and workshop.

In a medical emergency or if the injuries are more serious a qualified First
Aider can be summoned by dialling 3333 and asking the operator for
assistance.

Give your address and exact location

Tell the operator that you are calling from the School of Biological and Chemical
Sciences.

Fogg building

Joseph Priestley

Francis Bancroft

If no qualified First Aider can be found or if further treatment is necessary this may
be obtained from:
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
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
During working hours (0830-1600 Monday to Friday), non-life-threatening
accidents may be dealt with at:
Queen Mary Occupational Heath department.
Ground Floor, Geography Building
Telephone - 020 7601 7825 (15 7825 internal).

Because the route to the Medical Centre can involve negotiating stairs, steps and
Bancroft Road, anyone going for treatment should be accompanied in order to guard
against possible further accidental injury.

In the unlikely event of treatment not being available, or If the injuries are thought
more serious, Emergency medical treatment may also be obtained in:

The Accident & Emergency (A&E) department of the Royal London Hospital,
Whitechapel, London E1.
(Approximately 2 Km westwards along the Mile End Road).

If an ambulance is required, members of staff have access to external telephones. If
no member of staff can be found there is an emergency telephone at the 3rd floor
general office Fogg building, 1st floor stores Joseph Priestley building or Porters’
desk in the Ground Floor Francis Bancroft building Foyer. Follow the dialling
instructions displayed above the phone and ask for an ambulance. Give the address
as:
Queen Mary, University of London
School Biological and Chemical Sciences
Fogg Building
Bancroft Road
London, E1 4NS
Queen Mary, University of London
School Biological and Chemical Sciences
Joseph Priestley Building
Westfield way
London, E1 4NS
Queen Mary, University of London
Francis Bancroft building
Library square
London, E1 4NS.
5.
FIRE:
The college Health & Safety Department have a College Fire Safety Officer, Dennis
Browne and an Assistant Fire Safety Officer, Keith Vagg, Their respective contact details
are:
Dennis Browne
ext 13 8380 email:
d.browne@qmul.ac.uk
Keith Vagg
ext 13 8384 email:
k.vagg@qmul.ac.uk
These individuals can be contacted for Fire Safety Advice on Risk Assessment, Training or
procedures to follow in the event of a fire.

If a fire breaks out in your presence
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
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
Small fires should be put out immediately using the appropriate extinguisher, fire
blanket or sand bucket, if it is safe to do so. Do not take any personal risk. Report
any use of the extinguishers, other equipment or discharge to the Safety Adviser or
the College Fireman immediately after use in order that they may be replaced or
recharged.

You should make yourself familiar with the locations of fire extinguishers and fire
blankets, the alarms, and the various fire exits from the building.

If the fire alarm sounds (a loud siren) turn off your apparatus and make it safe, close
the windows and doors - do not lock the doors - and leave the building by the
stairs.
If the fire has taken hold leave immediately

The fire alarms will briefly sound during routine maintenance checks: do not confuse
this with the continuous sound for a fire or a bomb threat.

In all other cases operate the nearest fire alarm. Fire alarm call points, a red
square enclosing the sign ‘In case of Fire Break Glass”, will be found on all floors of
the Fogg, Joseph Priestley and Francis Bancroft buildings. In the Fogg building
there are alarms in the lift lobby area and in the Joseph Priestly there are alarms in
the main corridor next to the routes into the research laboratories and also on the
back (South) staircase. Make sure you know their location on any floors where you
will be working.

Raise the alarm by breaking the glass on the nearest fire alarm point

If possible notify the fire marshal, who should be on the door organising the egress from
the building, he/she will then inform the fire brigade of the location of the fire.

If you believe anyone has been left in the building then again, inform the fire marshal or
fire brigade when they arrive.

The fire alarm is a two-tone siren; in the event of a bomb threat, the alarm will be
activated similarly and the procedure to follow is the same.

If the fire alarm sounds in any one stage of the building, all stages are to be evacuated.

On hearing the fire alarm, leave the building by the nearest route. Behave calmly,
do not run, do not take risks, use the stairs. Do not use the lifts; if you are in a lift
when the alarm sounds, leave it at the next floor and descend via the stairs.

Do not use the lifts

If you are in the lift when the alarm sounds, get out at the next floor.

The "means of escape" routes within the Building are clearly marked with EXIT or
FIRE EXIT signs. Please familiarise yourself with all escape routes in the building.

If you find your nearest escape route blocked, follow the EXIT or FIRE EXIT signs in
an alternative direction to find a staircase by which you can descend. All staircases
descend directly and provide egress from the building at ground level.
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
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
in the event of a fire or emergency evacuation both academic and technical staff will
assist in ensuring that the building is cleared; please follow their instructions.

On leaving the building you must make your way to the assembly area which is
Library Square, for Fogg and Joseph Priestley, Westfield way for Francis Bancroft. A
map showing the assembly point is located at every fire alarm point.

In case of evacuation, go to the assembly point DO NOT stay in front of the building.

Do not leave the assembly area or re-enter the building until given permission to do
so by a member of staff authorized to do so.
6.
FIRE: MARSHALS
The following staff members are designated fire marshals and it is their responsibility to
ensure that their areas are clear of people in the event of the activation of a fire alarm. You
must listen to their instructions and promptly evacuate the building when told to do so.
7.
FOGG BUILDING:
Ground Floor:
Paul Fletcher/Haidee Price-Thomas
First Floor:
Paul Fletcher/Haidee Price-Thomas
Second Floor:
Steve Pestaille
Third Floor:
Karen Clarke
Fourth Floor:
Fifth Floor:
Raj Joseph
Sixth Floor:
Richard Melerange
Roof:
Raj Joseph
8.
JOSEPH PRIESTLEY
1st floor stores:
Ground Floor:
First Floor:
2nd Floor:
Alan Bradshaw
Greg Coumbarides, John Hayes, Janet MacPherson,
Tippu Sheriff, Ali Zarbakhsh, Tony Vlcek, Isaac Abrahams
Andrew Chisnell
9.
FIRE: SOLVENT STORES (Joseph Priestley Building)
These areas are protected by flood CO2 extinguishing systems, activated by
thermostats or manual operation. The system cannot be stopped once it has been
activated. Activation of the system also activates the fire alarms throughout the
building. Do not enter these areas after the system has been operated until you
have been informed that it is safe to do so.
10.
SECURITY
College security can be contacted on ext. 5000
If you cannot contact College Security in an emergency:
Dial 999 and report the emergency as (Fire/Injured Person) at specify building,
Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS. There is a list of
emergency contact numbers on the School Safety website.
If possible try to arrange for someone to meet the emergency services when they
arrive to direct them to the emergency.

The School of Biological and Chemical Sciences (Fogg building)/Students' Union
building was constructed in three phases which have been numbered
chronologically, Stage I through to Stage III (West to East).

The School of Biological & Chemical Sciences (Fogg building) now occupies
exclusively Stage III, which is the six storey block on the east side of Bancroft Road,
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
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and includes the bridge over the road at the 3rd, 4th and 5th levels. (Computer
Science occupies the 3rd and 4th floors in Stages I and II.).

Access to the Fogg building is only via the ground floor entrance to Stage III, and
NOT through the Students' Union or via Computer Sciences.

Access to the Joseph Priestley building is through the ground floor atrium entrance.

Access to the Francis Bancroft building is through the ground floor entrance in the
library square.

In the room numbering system the first digit indicates the floor level (G = ground
floor, 1 = first floor etc.). The second and third digits in each number indicate the
individual rooms.

Access to the Joseph Priestley building is through the ground floor atrium entrance.

Access to the Francis Bancroft building is through the ground floor entrance in library
square

The Fogg, Joseph Priestley and Francis Bancroft buildings are open from 8.00 a.m.
to 6.30 p.m. Monday to Friday. It is closed outside of these hours, on Saturday,
Sunday and at other times when the College is officially closed.

Personal property is the responsibility of the individual and it is prudent to guard
against thefts at all times. Losses or suspected thefts should be reported as soon as
possible both to the Security Staff (Tel: 5000) and the Laboratory Services Manager
(Room 3.20 Fogg building).
11.
BOMB THREAT
In the event of a bomb threat, if evacuation is thought appropriate, the alarm will sound as
for a fire. You should go to the Library Square and await further instructions from the
College Security staff and the Police (See section 4 and 12).
12.
CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION OF EYES AND SKIN
Be aware of the location and use of eye baths and emergency showers. If a corrosive or
irritant chemical enters the eye, at once hold the eye open use an eyebath to irrigate with
copious quantities of cold water for at least 20 minutes.
13.
ACCESS TO THE FOGG, JOSEPH PRIESTLEY and FRANCIS BANCROFT
BUILDING’S
ACCESS AND NORMAL WORKING ARRANGEMENTS
During term time the Fogg and Joseph Priestley buildings are open for normal working
from 8.30 am to 5.30 pm, Monday to Friday. The Fogg and Joseph Priestley buildings are
closed on Saturdays, Sundays and at all times when the College is officially closed.
Access to the Fogg and Joseph Priestley building’s are kept closed by a card-activated
magnetic lock and should be securely shut after use. Staff, students and visitors are not
allowed to visit the 3rd floor Hazards Laboratory in the Joseph Priestly building except in
connection with their work, and only then with specific authorisation.
14.
15.
OUT OF HOURS ACCESS AND WORKING ARRANGEMENTS
When the buildings are closed, access is only possible by use of security cards which have
been upgraded to allow out of hour’s access by the Head of School or his/her deputy. Loss
of a security card must be reported immediately to the Head of School or his/her deputy. A
replacement card will be issued but may require payment of a fee.
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
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Security cards are not transferable and must be returned to the College Security Officer
when no longer required.
Any person coming into the Fogg or Joseph Priestley building’s outside the normal opening
times (see above, 8.1), or during official closure periods, must enter their name clearly and
sign the register by the front entrance. The register must be signed on entering and
leaving. Familiarise yourself with the out-of-hours emergency arrangements (sections 5
and 6) before working outside normal hours.
Any person found in the Fogg or Joseph Priestley buildings out of hours who has not
signed the register may be reported by the security staff to the Head of School and to the
College Safety Adviser.
16.
WORKING ALONE
No one is permitted to undertake any experimental work anywhere in the Fogg or Joseph
Priestley building’s without someone else being within easy calling distance. Experiments
to be performed outside the normal working hours must have the prior approval of your
supervisor.
Inform any remaining colleagues when you leave that they may be the only persons left in
the building. Should you be the last person to leave your laboratory make sure that it is
safe, i.e. water and gas taps are turned off and electrical apparatus is unplugged. To
conserve energy ensure safety cabinet lights are turned off and the safety screen is pulled
down.
17.
GREEN HOUSES ON ROOF OF FOGG BUILDING
Access to the roof greenhouses is restricted and you must inform someone of your
intention to work in them, you should make yourself familiar with the means of escape.
18.
HAZARDS LABORATORY
The Large Scale and the High Pressure Laboratories are located on the 3rd floor of the
Joseph Priestley building. Access to the 3rd floor and to either laboratory is restricted to
those having a specific requirement to use these facilities. You must not work alone in
these laboratories. Examples of the type of work that should be carried out in these
laboratories are given below.
19.

Large scale use or production of toxic and flammable gases.

Use, or production, of materials known or believed to be explosive or liable to
detonation

Large scale experiments (typically involving > 1 litre of solvent and/or 100g of
reagent)

Large scale distillations

Overall responsibility for these laboratories resides with the Head of School or his
designate. Currently Professor D. V. Griffiths oversees the use of the high pressure
and hydrogenation facilities whilst responsibility for the proper operation of the large
scale laboratories has been delegated to Professor A. C. Sullivan.
Access to these facilities is permitted only if the following conditions are satisfied.

Approval for the use of the laboratory must have been obtained from the research
supervisor and from the relevant laboratory supervisor.
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
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20.

For an experiment that is in category 1 and/or 2 above separate and detailed
consideration must have been given as to whether the experiment is essential for the
research programme in hand.

A written COSHH assessment has been made for the proposed experiment.

The research worker(s) know of the extra safety equipment in those laboratories and
know how to use it - especially the safe operation of the auto/manual CO 2
system. Further details may be obtained by studying the Chemistry Safety Manual
on the School website.

That none of the work may be carried out by one person working alone.

That research workers notify their Supervisor and ideally the Stores Manager to
provide an accurate record of when, and by whom, the Hazards Laboratory is
occupied.

Any deficiencies in the facilities or equipment in the roof area and/or roof laboratories
must be reported immediately.
SCHOOL SAFETY COMMITTEE (June 09)
Chair of the School Safety Committee
Head of School
School Manager
Deputy College and School Safety Adviser
Laboratory Services Manager
Chief Technician
Technician Representative (Fogg building)
Technician Representative (Joseph Priestly building)
Deputy Safety Adviser (Joseph Priestly building)
Postgraduate/postdoctoral Representative
Field work Adviser
Secretary to the Committee
I. R. Philips
P.Heathcote
B. Tennis
A. G. Scott
A.L.Price-Thomas
A.J. Philcox
S. J. Court
J. Hamdan
T. S. Sheriff
P. Duncanson
J. Gurnell
K.M.Clarke
The School Safety Committee is always pleased to receive comments and suggestions for
improving safety. Please make such comments and suggestions by e-mail or in writing to
Mrs. Karen Clarke (k.m.clarke@qmul.ac.uk).
21.
22.
ASSESSMENTS UNDER COSHH
The Legal Requirement
The key provision of the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations
2002 (see Appendix 3) is Regulation 6, which requires employers to make suitable and
sufficient assessments of the risks to health arising from hazardous substances at work.
Each assessment should establish what needs to be done to meet the requirements of the
rest of the Regulations.
Regulation 6 says:

an employer shall not carry on any work which is liable to expose any employee [or
any other person who might reasonably be expected to be on the premises] to any
substance hazardous to health unless he has made a suitable and sufficient
assessment of the risks to health created by that work to the health of those
employees or other persons and of the steps that need to be taken to meet the
requirements of these Regulations.
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
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
The assessment required by section (1) shall be reviewed forthwith if:

There is reason to suspect that the assessment is no longer valid

There has been a significant change in the work to which the assessment relates,
and, where as a result of the review, changes in the assessment are required, those
changes shall be made.
23.
Purpose of the Regulation
The purpose of doing an assessment is entirely practical: it is to ensure that correct and
sensible decisions will be reached about how to control and respond to hazardous
substances arising in the course of work. The principle throughout the COSHH Regulations
is that the precautions which should be taken are determined by the nature and the degree
of risk in each case. It is therefore essential that, at the outset, a valid and informed
judgement is made about the risks to health. This means considering a series of questions
about the work to be sure that all relevant aspects have been taken into account. It does
not mean carrying out a piece of original research or producing a learned thesis on the
properties of a substance. Above all, it is a matter of stopping to observe, listen, read, and
think before acting.
24.
A “Suitable and Sufficient” Assessment
To be suitable and sufficient, the assessment should go through a series of questions,
suggested below. The first six are aimed at establishing the nature and extent of the risk;
the last one considers the precautions to take in response to the risk. The risk arising from
the work is related not only to the ability of a substance to cause harm but also to the
amount of the substance and the ways and extent to which people may come into contact
with it. There are a series of model risk assessments available which cover experimental
procedures, substances encountered, equipment used and waste disposal procedures,
and these are in the model risk assessments folder.
Where groups of people are doing similar work and are similarly exposed to the same
types of hazardous substances, the assessment can be based on a representative sample
of people. Equally, in situations involving large numbers of hazardous substances, such as
research laboratories, the substances can usefully be grouped together for the purposes of
the assessment, on the basis of similar hazard or treatment. The assessment does not
necessarily have to be done by just one person - several people may be involved in
providing information for different questions. However, the information should be brought
together at the end of the exercise, and considered as a whole, before taking action.
25.
What hazardous substances are there?
This is a matter of recognising the hazardous substances used in, or arising from, the work.
There are, of course, many kinds. They can be in the form of gases, vapours, liquids,
fumes, dusts or solids, or they can be micro-organisms. They may arise from materials
used, stored or handled in any process, intermediates or by-products produced or given
off, or the finished products of any process. They may arise from materials used in
activities incidental to production, such as maintenance, cleaning or repairs. They can also
arise from accidental spills or leakages.
Hazardous substances can be recognised by obtaining and reading information from
suppliers, including their labels on packages and containers (CHIP Regulations), from
trade and technical literature and HSE Guidance Notes and data sheets. Of course,
hazardous substances can also be recognised as they have always been: by in-house
product and process knowledge and by previous experience.
26.
What are the harmful effects?
The effects of those substances on the body should be considered and, where appropriate,
the effects of mixtures of substances, which can sometimes be greater than that of each on
its own. The effect will partly depend on the form that the substance is in and the way it
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
12
enters or acts on the body, e.g. by inhalation, ingestion, contact with the skin or absorption
through the skin. Information on the harmful action of any substance should be sought
from the same sort of sources as in question 1.
27.
Where will the hazardous substance be present?
All possible locations should be considered, i.e. all areas of use, storage, collection,
disposal or discharge. The potential for ‘escape’ at each stage should also be borne in
mind.
28.
Who may be affected?
The next step is to identify the people who may be affected at each of the identified
locations. They could be brought into contact with the substance if they either work with it
directly or are in the vicinity of where it is used, stored or collected, or from where it is
discharged.
29.
How great is the degree and extent of exposure?
Any decision about the degree and extent of exposure must be based, first and foremost,
on observation of and enquiry into working practices and experience. This provides a
‘yardstick’ for deciding how precisely exposure needs to be evaluated, and against which to
consider the nature of the precautions to be taken.
Besides inhalation routes, exposure can arise from contamination of skin, clothing, food,
drink and smoking materials; the significance of all routes should be considered.
Where it has been decided to control exposures by containing a substance within a closed
system, routine exposure may, depending upon the reliability of the containment, be
regarded as negligible.
30.
How do the exposure data compare with recognised standards?
Information on exposure will usually have little meaning unless it is related to some
reference point. The next step is therefore to compare the results obtained with accepted
standards representing, at least, the “adequate control” required by COSHH Regulation 7.
These standards may be prescribed or approved occupational exposure limits for inhaled
substances, or else self-imposed working limits or industry standards. The results of the
comparison will determine the action which should be taken to limit and further reduce
exposure.
31.
What action should be taken in response to the assessment?
Once the risks have been assessed, the next step is to decide what action needs to be
taken to meet the requirements of the other COSHH Regulations. Of prime importance is
deciding what more needs to be done, if anything, to achieve and sustain adequate control
of exposure, or preferably, to prevent it altogether. The control measures should be
weighed up in terms of their effectiveness, certainty and reliability, the more sure and
reliable methods being preferred. Elimination or substitution of the substances should be
the first choice, followed by engineering control measures. Arrangements for maintaining
and testing the control measures to ensure they continue to operate as intended should
also be worked out. It is also necessary to decide what other precautions may need to be
put into effect, such as routine monitoring of exposure, health surveillance procedures and
training of employees.
32.
Results
In all but the simplest cases, the assessments should be recorded, to ensure continuity of
awareness among managers and supervisors, and to ensure that other people who may
need to know are properly informed. Among the latter may be employees or their
representatives and Health and Safety Inspectors. Also, unless the assessment is
recorded, it will not usually be possible to make a correct judgement about when it should
be reviewed. Therefore, unless the assessment can be immediately or readily repeated at
any time, or concerns work of very short duration, it should be set down in a record.
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
13
33.
Review
The assessment should be reviewed if there is any reason to suppose that it is no longer
valid or if there has been a significant change in the work, health surveillance, and new
information about health hazards, a change in personnel, or a change in materials, plant,
control methods, process or volume of production.
34.
Assessment Forms
Suitable forms for the COSHH assessment exercise for chemicals can be obtained from
the Chemistry Stores; for a copy of the form see Appendix 13. The form is available
electronically from the Safety website, one copy for the user of the chemical(s), one copy to
the supervisor and one copy for the Safety Officer. N.B. The assessment should include
products and by-products as well as reagents and solvents. The form must be
countersigned by the supervisor or the appropriate person. Procedures should be subject
to periodic assessment and review [33]. Three copies should be made and distributed as
for the COSHH forms. There are also COSHH forms available from the Risk Assessment
folder or from
the college safety website
http://qm-web-safety-qmul.ac.uk
34.
35.
36.
COSHH, BIO-COSHH and GENERAL RISK ASSESSMENT FORMS
All of the risk assessment forms must be available for inspection by the relevant
government bodies, HSE, Fire Brigade etc. at the laboratory / room where the work is
taking place and they must be up to date. (see section 20, Legal Assessment Under
COSHH). The following practice should be adopted.

All risk assessments to be stored within the laboratory / room where the work is
taking place, and must be available for inspection.

Two copies are needed, one for the work area, the other for reference stored in
another location. Electronic storage is preferable as well as hard copy.

If the work changes substantially over the course of a project, a new assessment
must be written.

After 3 years the assessment must be reviewed and a new assessment written to
replace the old one

The risk assessment applies not only to the work being done but the people involved
as well, if new members of the group arrive or leave, then new assessments must be
written.
Conclusion
The assessments under COSHH are the cornerstone of the Regulations and the key to
fulfilling the other requirements. They are intended to enable and encourage employers to
set priorities for the allocation of resources on the basis of the highest risk, and promote a
sensible and flexible approach to reducing the risks presented by work involving
substances hazardous to health.
NOTE: Copies of the Health and Safety at Work, etc. Act 1974 and the COSHH
Regulations are available for inspection from the College Safety Adviser.
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
14
37.
GENERAL LABORATORY REGULATIONS
The following rules, which are by no means exhaustive, cover many of the situations which
you will encounter in a laboratory. Before starting any work you should ensure that you
have taken all reasonable precautions against any foreseeable accident, taking due notice
of the toxicities of the substances with which you are working.
38.
Passageways

Doorways, landings, gangways and passageways must be kept clear and free from
obstructions at all times.

Fire doors, which are clearly marked as such, must not be wedged, propped or tied
open except for limited periods when equipment and cylinders are being moved and
floors cleaned.
39.
State of Laboratories
One of the best precautions against an accident is a clean and tidy laboratory; a cluttered
bench or floor is a prime accident site. Research workers are responsible for keeping their
own benches clean and tidy. Cleaning materials are available from the Technical Staff and
the Stores. Your co-operation with both the cleaners is required to enable them to do their
jobs efficiently and safely.
40.
Food and Drink
Food and drink may not be consumed or stored in the Fogg or Joseph Priestley buildings
except in designated areas.
41.
Smoking
Smoking is banned throughout the Fogg and Joseph Priestley building’s and this
ban now extends to the whole of the Queen Mary campuses.
42.
Eye Protection

Safety spectacles must be worn at all times in any laboratory.

There is a danger to the eyes in all laboratory work from splashes and explosions.
The School therefore provides all new workers with a pair of safety spectacles to the
current British Standard. These glasses fully shield the eyes and fit over most
prescription glasses. The School also has arrangements in place for having
prescription safety spectacles made up (see the one of the Safety Officers for
details).

You are required to wear safety spectacles at all times in the laboratory: the hazard
may not be of your own making but that of a co-worker.

Contact lenses increase the risk to the eyes in the event of an accident. It is not
advisable to wear contact lenses in the laboratories unless full goggles are worn.
Contact lenses may give rise to many hazards: they may slip at an awkward
moment, but more importantly they are difficult to remove quickly in the event of an
accident should the eyes be splashed with chemicals. They also reduce the flow of
natural fluids to the eyes which help to move any contaminant; moreover, they may
trap the contaminant behind the lens and can actually worsen the accident.
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
15
43.
Protective Clothing

When carrying out practical work a laboratory coat should be worn. Laboratory
coats may be obtained from the Students’ Union shop or Chemistry Stores. The
School has no liability to make any payments for damaged clothing.

Protective gloves and aprons are available from the Stores and should be worn
when necessary. Workers should be aware that no type of glove can exclude all
substances and that glove materials themselves can be allergenic. Contaminated
gloves must not be worn. No gloves are allowed outside the laboratory.

For further information on gloves please see the College Health and Safety website
at
http://qm-web.admin.qmul.ac.uk/safety/topics/
44.
Dust Masks
Dust masks for use when working with non-toxic dusts or powders are available from the
stores. These masks should always be used when making or scraping thin layer
chromatography plates.
45.
Safety Shields
Safety shields and Face Visors should always be used when working with potentially
explosive materials. See Section 12.27 for further guidance, including examples of the main
compound classes with explosive potential.
46.
Footwear
The wearing of open-toed shoes in laboratories is potentially dangerous in the event of a
chemical spillage, and is therefore strongly discouraged. When moving gas cylinders or
other heavy objects that could crush the toes or feet, suitable protective footwear should be
worn.
47.
Fire Fighting
All new research workers are required to attend a fire fighting demonstration which
will normally be held in the first term.
48.

The following are the main types of fire fighting equipment provided in the Joseph
Priestley building: CO2 fire extinguishers, foam extinguishers, sand buckets and fire
blankets. HFFF extinguishers are located in some specific areas.

Never use foam or water when the fire involves electrical apparatus, an alkali metal
or metal alkyls; always use CO2 or dry powder.

When tackling a fire, however small, always ensure that you have a reserve supply
of extinguishers, make sure you have a clear exit from the fire area and do not take
any personal risk.

If in any doubt about your ability to tackle the fire activate one of the fire alarm call
points which are on each floor on the exit routes from the laboratories. Call the fire
brigade as detailed on the fire action notice by the call point and as shown in
[Sections 5] of these regulations.
Unattended Experiments
Unattended experiments are the most frequent cause of fire and floods. The running of
unattended experiments can usually be avoided by careful planning. When experiments or
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
16
equipment must run overnight, or be left unattended, prior approval must be sought from
the academic supervisor or his nominee and a signed notice, available from the Stores or
the Technical staff, must be clearly displayed with all the relevant information including the
name of the person in charge of the experiment, his telephone number and the emergency
procedure to be followed in the event of an accident. A copy of this notice “Danger: please
leave on” is reproduced as [Appendix 12].
Distillation experiments should NOT be left unattended unless specially designed
Solvent stills’ and other equipment used in the drying of solvents must NOT be left
unattended
If any experiment would cause a serious hazard if one of the services in use failed, it
must not be left unattended.
49.
50.
51.
Waste Disposal (see also College Safety Regulations: Waste Disposal Procedure)

The disposal of all waste materials must be carried out with care and with
consideration as to its ultimate destination. Some chemicals (e.g. Schedule 1
poisons such as cyanides, arsenic compounds, etc., radiochemicals, substances
which pose bio-hazards etc.) will only be used under procedures that include specific
instructions for their safe disposal.

Before commencing any experiment you should be aware of the procedure for safe
disposal of any unwanted products and unused reagents. This information can often
be found in the original supplier’s catalogue or in ‘Hazards in the Chemical
Laboratory’ by G.D. Muir, in the Aldrich and other suppliers’ catalogues, and in other
text books which are available on the COSHH shelf in the Joseph Priestley building
Chemistry Stores or the College Library.
Waste Glass:

Clean (i.e. washed and uncontaminated) glass and glassware may be put in the blue
‘Eurobins’ for disposal. (This glass must be in a sealed cardboard box or
comprehensively wrapped).

Winchester bottles, when empty and clean of all chemical contamination, should be
repacked in the polystyrene inserts and cardboard boxes in which they were
delivered and placed in the designated store room, for which a key is available from
the Research Stores.

All other glass, (glass vessels, glass bottles, broken glass etc. which is
contaminated, has traces of chemicals adhering to it or which carries a label, or
labels) must be put in the glass bin to indicate that it has been in contact with
“chemicals”.
Chemicals, other than aqueous solutions of low toxicity, must not be poured down
the sinks.
Solvent residues, including wet residues, must be placed in the appropriate solvent
containers which are situated in laboratories. In the solvent delivery system room (1.30) in
the Joseph Priestley Building there are Separate containers which are supplied for the bulk
disposal of halogenated and non-halogenated solvents and are clearly marked as such.
Halogenated and non-halogenated solvents must never be mixed as they are disposed of
by different procedures; also there is a possibility of a strongly exothermic reaction
between the different kinds of solvents. When the lab containers are full transfer the
contents to large containers in the solvent delivery system room (1.30). 10L container for
Chlorinated, 25L for non-chlorinated. When these are full (do not fill them right to the top)
contact stores for collection and replacement.
The disposal of all other chemicals must be approved by the academic supervisor.
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
17
Destruction of old bottles of moisture-sensitive reagents such as alkyl lithium’s may best be
done “in-house” by the research workers involved in their use. A hazard assessment will
be required and due care must be exercised as in any other chemical procedure.
Inexperienced workers must seek advice from a competent person. If commercial disposal
of unwanted or waste chemicals is required then this must be approved by the academic
supervisor and arranged through the School Safety Officer, who should first be provided
with a list (preferably in electronic form) stating the quantities and locations of the
substances involved. Known and unknown chemicals must be packed separately in secure
containers, solids being packed separately from liquids, and organic chemicals separately
from inorganic chemicals. A list of the chemicals with an estimation of the quantity of each
must be placed on the outside of the container. The waste materials will then be taken to a
secure area before removal from the College site. Chemicals must not be emptied into
waste bins.
Experiments and procedures that will involve or evolve gas should normally be carried out
in fume cupboards (subject to exceptions that may be approved by the Safety Adviser
52.
Cryogenic Liquids
All persons using cryogenic liquids for the first time are advised to consult the Safety
Adviser for detailed instruction in the safe handling of these materials. Thermal gloves
should be worn when transferring liquid gases from one container to another and the
operation should always be carried out in a well ventilated area. A personal oxygen level
alarm should be used if there is a possibility of significant (>2%) O 2 depletion or
enrichment: see the Safety Adviser for advice.
Do not travel in lifts with cryogenic liquids.
Liquid nitrogen is available in 160 litre or 200 litre containers. Small 25 litre containers are
kept in some laboratories.
Apparatus which is open to the atmosphere must not be cooled using liquid nitrogen since
the condensation of oxygen can be very dangerous. Users of argon atmospheres should be
aware that this gas condenses at the temperature of liquid nitrogen. If liquid argon
becomes trapped in a closed system and is allowed to warm up then a dangerous increase
in pressure may occur.
Liquid helium presents special hazards and its use must be discussed with the academic
supervisor and Safety Adviser before commencing work.
53.
Gas Cylinders - see also College Safety Regulations: Use of High Pressure Gases
http://qm-web.admin.qmul.ac.uk/safety/Policy_Procedures/lab3.shtml
Gas cylinders present special hazards. The general precautions for handling and storing
gas cylinders listed below should be followed at all times.

Only those cylinders in actual use shall be kept in laboratories. These must be
chained to a firm support or stored in an approved stand. Free-standing cylinders
are dangerous and thus are forbidden in all laboratories.

Where fitted the valve protection cap should be left on each cylinder until it is
actually in use.

Do not place any cylinder where it may become part of an electrical circuit.

Never use oil or grease to lubricate the threads of a cylinder.

Never use Teflon tape on oxygen cylinder and avoid using it on other cylinders.
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
18

Use only the correct type of pressure regulator for the gas concerned.

Never use oil or grease to lubricate the threads of a cylinder.

Pressure regulators should be certified safe by a competent person or replaced at
intervals not exceeding once every five years.

The main valve should be opened slowly with a proper key; too rapid opening may
cause an explosion.

Never discharge the contents of a cylinder without the use of a pressure valve or a
control valve. Where a gas is passed through a liquid mixture, a pressure relief
device and an anti-suck-back trap should be used. The correct arrangement is:
cylinder - suck-back trap - pressure relief device.

Do not attempt to move a gas cylinder unless you are competent. Protective
footwear should be worn. Four-wheeled cylinder trolleys are provided and their use
is strongly recommended as they minimise the risk of the cylinder toppling over.
The contents of gas cylinders may also have properties which make them hazardous, e.g.
because they are flammable, toxic, corrosive, etc. These properties can be found by
reference to the technical information sheets. Other important factors which should be
considered are the possible formation of hazardous products, such as acetyl ides formed
by the action of copper or copper alloys with acetylene or gases which contain acetylene as
an impurity, or the formation of fulminate when mercury is used in the presence of
ammonia, etc.
Toxic or flammable gases must be used in fume cupboards. The cylinder used should be of
the minimum size needed for the reaction to ensure that all the gas is used in a reasonable
amount of time. The system should be tested for leaks using compressed air, nitrogen, or
any inert gas before using the chosen gas(es). Do not, inadvertently or otherwise,
connect two different gas cylinders together. Rapid mixing of the contents can occur
under such circumstances.
54.
Refrigerators and Deep Freezers
These must be of the spark-free type, whenever possible. Food and drink must not be
stored in refrigerators and deep freezers which are used for chemicals etc. Similarly,
chemicals must not be stored in refrigerators and deep freezers which have been supplied
for food storage.
Only materials which are unstable at room temperatures, recrystallizing solutions in
adequately stoppered containers, or reaction mixtures may be stored. All containers
must be clearly labelled (chemical name, your name, and date) and stoppered or
sealed. All refrigerators and deep freezers are regularly checked and defrosted, at which
time all unlabelled materials will be removed and destroyed.
Refrigerators and deep freezers are operated at pre-set temperatures: do not alter the
temperature settings.
55.
Fume Cupboards
Fume cupboards may be used for the storing of volatile and/or toxic materials or for
experimental work but not for both. Check that the fume cupboard is working before using
it. Report any fume cupboard failure or suspected failure immediately to Mr. A Bradshaw
(ext. 3346).
The efficiency of the fume cupboards is to be checked at regular intervals by the Laboratory
Technician. You are required to keep the fume cupboard fronts closed to the “stop”
position when not using them and to have them open as little as possible when actually
working in them. The efficiency of the fume cupboards drops as the opening is increased.
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
19
Always leave the fume cupboard clean and tidy. As soon as you have completed the
reaction in the fume cupboard you should remove your apparatus as the fume
cupboard could be needed in an emergency. No experiments which generate large
volumes of toxic/flammable vapours should be carried out in the fume cupboards in the
research laboratories. The maximum permitted rate of release is about one litre per minute.
Larger scale experiments must be first discussed with Dr Tippu Sheriff and suitable space
will be found.
Do not leave unlabelled chemicals in fume cupboards or anywhere else, these will be
disposed of immediately.
56.
Water
All water taps should be securely turned off when not in use. Where apparatus is to be
connected for long periods, reinforced or plastic tubing must be used and the connection
secured with either jubilee or hose clips. The connection should be inspected at regular
intervals. Connections to glassware should be made using 20 SWG tinned copper wire, or
jubilee clips, or special plastic clips. Condenser outlet leads must be made secure to the
drains or the trough, the outlets of which must be free from blockages. An overnight flood
can cause great damage and inconvenience.
Purified water is available on all floors in the Fogg Building, Ice is available from 3.01 and
3.04 teaching laboratories, as well as purified water.
Purified water and Ice is available on floors G, 1 and 2 Joseph Priestley building.
57.
Electricity: School Code of Practice to Conform to Electricity at Work Regulations
(1989)
The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989, which came into force on 1 April 1990, is
Made under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974. The Regulations apply to all
users of electricity at work and have statutory force. Infringements of the Regulations may
leave individuals open to prosecution.[Appendix 4]
58.
59.
The Regulations and this Code of Practice are applicable to all staff and students working
in the School.
60.
The purpose of this Code of Practice is to ensure that the College’s and School’s
responsibilities under the Regulations are properly discharged. Infringements of this Code
may lead to disciplinary action.
In particular, this Code requires procedures to be adopted to ensure that:

The College and the School exercise proper responsibility under the Regulations for
the health and safety of its staff at work and others who work in the School.

All electrical equipment in the School is tested by a competent person, i.e. someone
who has undergone the training indicated in below and graded 2 or higher - Appendix
2) at regular intervals to ensure that it is electrically safe. Portable equipment which is
moved frequently (e.g. stirrer hotplates) should be tested annually, whereas other
portable equipment (e.g. glassware ovens) should be tested at least once every two
years. The equipment should be labelled to indicate the test result and date, which
should also be entered into the School database, currently maintained by Mrs A I.
Price-Thomas). Electrical equipment must not be used if the test date on the
equipment indicates that the recommended test interval has been exceeded. This
equipment should be removed from use until it has been re-tested.

The construction of new equipment and the modification and repair of commercial
equipment
are carried out in accordance with proper standards of safety.
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
20
61.
62.

The documentation describing the results of electrical tests on both existing and new
equipment shall be kept by the tester and be available for inspection when required.

Staff and students undertaking any form of work on electrical apparatus are properly
trained.
Following training, staff and students will be graded into levels of competence as
described in the Appendix 2. A record of the results of testing and grading shall be
kept by the School’s Safety Adviser.
All members of research, technical, academic and secretarial staff must undergo training in
the “Use of portable electrical equipment” before they attempt any work on any piece of
electrical equipment. As a result of this training each member of staff will be allocated to
an appropriate grade.
Under no circumstances will staff or students engage in work which involves access to live
conductors.

All class 1 electrical equipment and supporting framework must be earthed. If
in any doubt consult an electronics technician.

Multiple adapters must not be used: their use is forbidden under all
circumstances.
63.
Where it is absolutely necessary to work on live circuits, including testing, such activities
should only be carried out by a competent electrical craftsman accompanied by a second
person with similar qualifications.
64.
Apparatus which repeatedly “blows” a fuse must be sent for inspection to the Electronics
Workshop. Wiring or rewiring of electrical equipment or building electrically operated
apparatus is prohibited unless the prior agreement of the Supervisor has been obtained.
Research workers involved in building or modifying electrical equipment should familiarise
themselves with the current wiring standards and regulations before starting work.
Work on bench electrical equipment including testing of plugs may be undertaken by staff
that have successfully completed a suitable training course and graded at level 2 or higher.
A suitable training course would be either one which leads to a recognised qualification for
electrical work or one set up and approved by the School Safety Adviser / Head of the
Maintenance Department for that purpose.
65.
Electrical equipment must be switched off and unplugged when not in use. In cases where
electrical equipment is left turned on for long periods or permanently, e.g. refrigerated
cabinets, ovens, spectrometers, etc. an appropriate notice should be displayed next to the
plug and switch.
66.
Work on the School’s wiring installation or major electrical equipment, will be undertaken
either by the maintenance Department or by a contractor approved by the Maintenance
Department. All new work will be covered by a certificate confirming that the installation or
equipment has been tested and handed over in a safe working condition.
67.
Wherever possible portable electric tools should be battery operated; failing this, mains
equipment should be of the double insulated type (Class 2). Other types of mains operated
(Class 1) tools should only be used when protected by a sensitive Residual Current Circuit
Breaker. Class 1 tools should not be used in wet conditions or in a confined space.
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
21
68.
Ultimately it is the responsibility of the Head of School to ensure that all electrical
equipment used in the School, including that owned by members of staff, is tested and
inspected regularly. In practice this routine testing will be carried out by those members of
academic, technical and research staff with responsibilities for the teaching and research
laboratories and for School services.
It is the responsibility of the Maintenance Department to ensure that the mains wiring
installations should be tested every five years. An inventory and test record must be
maintained and be available for inspection in respect of both sets of inspections.
69.
Subject to the above, it must be a condition of being allowed to work in the School that all
such workers do not interfere with the electrical installation or equipment in the School and
that any apparatus connected to the supply must not be a source of hazard: for example,
sockets must not be overloaded or temporary connections made to cables.
70.
It is the duty of all staff and students to bring to the attention of management any apparent
defect in the installation or equipment. It is the duty of management to take immediate
action when such reports are received.
71.
By this Code of Practice the Head of School and the Safety Advisers inform staff and
students of their obligations under items 10 and 11. Electrical hazards or defects should be
reported immediately to your laboratory technician, academic supervisor, or to the Safety
Adviser.
72.
Gas
73.
74.

Ensure that all gas taps are turned off when not in use. Always use a well made and
secure connection at both ends before using the supply. Replace and discard
damaged or perished tubing.

Hand torches and bench lamps must not be used by anybody without prior
instruction from the College Glassblower (Room G15).

If gas is smelt at any time, check that all taps are closed, ventilate the area for a few
minutes and then check again for a smell of gas. If gas is still present report the fact
immediately to the Safety Officer or one of the technicians.
Solid CO2

Do not handle the solid with your bare hands: if your hands are moist you may be
severely burnt. Always use leather or polyamide gloves. Small pieces are best
handled with tongs.

Although acetone is often used to make a cooling bath, butanone or isopropyl
alcohol are preferred as they are less flammable. The CO2 should be added to the
liquid slowly, and in small amounts, waiting for the effervescence to stop before
adding more solid. Do not lean into the dry ice chests; you may suffocate!
Storage of Flammable Solvents

Flammable solvents in quantities greater than 0.5 litres should be stored below hand
level. Winchesters of flammable solvents must be stored only in the steel or steellined cupboards provided in each laboratory, never in under bench cupboards.
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
22

Ethers and some alkenes form peroxides and should not be stored for longer than 6
months. Sodium wire residues from bottles of dried solvents MUST be destroyed
using methanol by the person emptying the bottle. Bottles containing sodium wire
residues must never be put out for general disposal as empty bottles are washed
with water.
75.
Storage of Concentrated Acids
These should be stored in a well ventilated place, separate from organic solvents. In the
Joseph Priestley building cupboards with a grey plastic lining are provided under the fume
hoods for this purpose.
76.
Lasers
The use of lasers must be discussed at the planning stage with the School Safety Advisers
and College Safety and Laser Safety Advisers.
77.
Glassblowing
Any glassware given in for repair must be clean, dry, and free from solvent vapour. The
College Glass Service will not under any circumstances accept any contaminated
items for repair.
78.
Ionising radiation
79.
80.

Special regulations apply to the use of radioactive materials and to the X-ray
Laboratory.

Only designated radiation workers are allowed to work with radioactive materials and
X-rays. Any person who intends to work with radioactive materials or X-rays must
discuss the proposed scheme of work in advance with the Radiation Protection
Officer, currently Mr. A. G. Scott, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences who
will make the necessary arrangements and supply further information.

Radioactive materials must not be brought into the School or ordered without the
written approval of the Radiation Protection Officer and the School Safety Adviser or
his deputy. The users of radioactive materials are required to keep a record of the
use and method of disposal of all radioactive materials under their control.
Ordering of Toxic, Radioactive, or Bio-hazardous Substances

No order will be placed without a completed COSHH form. The Stores Supervisor
will not order any toxic gases, Schedule 1 Poisons, Radiochemicals or Biohazardous Substances unless the order has been countersigned and approved by
the School Safety Officer or his deputy. The Safety Adviser will need to be satisfied
that the proper safety precautions will be followed and that where appropriate the
correct antidote is available.

Schedule 1 Poisons will be issued from stock after the purchaser has signed the
Poison Register. The Stores Supervisor will issue a Hazard Warning Card which
shall be kept close at hand while the material is in use. The academic supervisor’s
written consent is also required. See also section 14.28 (Schedule 1 Poisons).
Chemical Hazards

Chemicals must not be transported in the passenger lifts.

Before using any chemical for the first time you must ensure that you familiarise
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
23
yourself with all its known hazards. Appropriate Safety information may be obtained
from the Research Stores. The College Library has an extensive reference section
on chemical hazards. “Hazards in the Chemical Laboratory” by G D Muir, which
although not exhaustive, is one of the most readable. Non-inclusion in this and other
standard reference works does not mean that the substance is harmless.

A written assessment of the risk of any new procedure is required in advance
and this must include any necessary precautions, first aid treatment where known,
and the procedure to be followed in the event of an emergency.

Academic supervisors and research workers are responsible jointly for the
safe planning of all experimental work. Prior consideration and discussion must
take place before chemicals are ordered or taken from the Stores and experimental
work is started (see also section 19). The results of this assessment must be
recorded on a COSHH form, COSHH, BIO-COSHH and General Risk Assessment
forms are available on the School Website. Most chemical work is potentially
hazardous and proper care must be exercised at all times in the laboratories. The
following specific examples of hazardous chemicals or procedures are meant to
illustrate some of the most significant hazards that may be encountered in normal
laboratory work.

Benzene: Is highly toxic by inhalation and skin absorption. Prolonged exposure to
high levels of benzene is known to cause cancer of the bladder. Wherever possible
benzene should be replaced by toluene, which is less toxic.

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons: Chlorinated solvents and other chlorinated
hydrocarbons are toxic by inhalation, ingestion, and skin absorption. Some solvents,
e.g. CCl4, CHCl3, and trichloroethene are extremely toxic and potentially
carcinogenic. Such compounds should be used as little as possible; if they must be
used then the work must take place in a fume cupboard.

Chromic Acid: Use of this traditional cleaning material should be avoided unless it
is absolutely essential. Spillage on skin and clothing is particularly damaging.
Supersaturated solutions can cause violent reactions with organic matter. Old
contaminated chromic acid which has been kept in sealed containers can generate
explosive pressures of CO2. Decon 90, micro and other modern detergents are
safer than and just as effective as cleaning agents. If chromic acid is used it should
be disposed of immediately after use.

Hydrofluoric Acid: Burns from this acid are very severe, exceptionally painful, and
very difficult to treat, and take a long time to heal. The use of this acid is normally
restricted to the College Glass Service. Any other person who wishes to use this
acid MUST consult the Safety Officer and the necessary requirements of the College
Safety Adviser must be put in place.

Mercury: Mercury is a cumulative poison. Except where it is necessary to permit
access of air to register barometric pressure, all mercury surfaces MUST be
enclosed.

Work with mercury should always be carried out using a tray to contain any spillages
in a fume cupboard or other well ventilated area. Mercury spillages should be
cleaned up promptly, using a water pump or Pasteur pipette. Small droplets may be
removed with a suitable gum-forming proprietary device or covered with a paste
made of equal parts of calcium hydroxide and sulfur which has been made into a
slurry using water. Subsequent removal of the whole mass should ensure that all the
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
24
mercury has been removed (repeat if necessary).
81.
82.
83.
Schedule 1 Poisons:

Access to and use of these materials is controlled by law. The Stores Supervisor is
the only member of staff who is permitted access to the Poisons Cupboard.

Schedule 1 Poisons will only be issued against the signature of the relevant
academic supervisor, who shall have ensured that all appropriate precautions have
been taken. All unused material MUST be returned to the Stores at the end of the
day. When not in use the material MUST be kept in a secure locked cupboard.
Cyanides: The following procedure must be used:

Request made to the Joseph Priestley building Chemistry Stores, with COSHH form
(Copies to both College and School Safety Officers)

Resuscitation oxygen bottle obtained from College Medical Centre.

Minimum quantity of cyanide issued from Chemistry Stores.

Appropriate First Aider (trained in the use of the oxygen bottle) to be informed before
work with cyanide begins.

Working alone is forbidden, and at least one other adequately experienced person
should be present. N.B. Experimental workers should be aware of the fact that
a significant proportion of people cannot detect hydrogen cyanide by smell.

Unused cyanide must be returned to the Chemical Stores as soon as possible.
Absolute Prohibition:

84.
The preparation and use of the following is prohibited (Reg. 4. Hazards at Work Act
COSHH Regulations 2002):
2-naphthylamine
benzidine
4-aminobiphenyl
4-nitrobiphenyl
Carcinogens, mutagens and substances toxic to reproduction:
There is a list of Carcinogens, Mutagens and Substances Toxic to Reproduction on the
School Safety Website.

The material must be stored in a secure closed container at all times when not
actually in use. The container must be labelled as to its contents, including a clear
statement that it is either a known carcinogen or suspected of being carcinogenic.

Disposable gloves should be worn when using the materials and the work should be
carried out in a fume cupboard. Consideration should also be given to covering the
work surface with a disposable material. At the completion of the work any
disposable and covering materials used should be sealed in air-tight containers for
proper disposal. Consult senior organic technician in advance.

Safety pipettes must be used when handling liquids.
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
25
85.
86.

If the skin has been contaminated, soap and water are the safest cleaning materials.

Waste Disposal. The method chosen must not create any hazard either immediately
or for the future. The best method is chemical destruction by a competent person.

Biohazards: Advice on the safe handling of bio-hazardous materials should be
obtained from the Chief Technician, School of Biological Sciences and from
biological safety officer.
Explosive Substances

No satisfactory protection can be offered in the event of a major explosion.

Satisfactory protection can only be obtained if the chance of a small explosion is
anticipated, so that protective equipment can be built into or around the apparatus. It
is essential therefore that all laboratory workers are aware of the possible sources of
explosion and correctly assess the explosion hazards of their work.

Compounds which readily detonate include many azides, organic perchlorates,
acetylides, peroxides and polynitro compounds. Such compounds must be used
only if an academic supervisor considers that it is essential as part of the research
programme, in which case approval for the use of the material must be given in
writing. Clearly, a detailed assessment of the risks involved and necessary
precautions must be carried out in advance and must be agreed in writing between
the supervisor and the research worker.

Explosive compounds can be detonated in a number of ways, the following being the
most common in a laboratory environment.

Shock - a slight movement is sufficient for the most sensitive compounds.

Friction - stirring, removing a stopper, transfer of material, etc.

Slight heating.

The quantity of explosive material used or made should be kept to the absolute
minimum required.

Full precautions must be taken. The explosive substances and any apparatus must
be behind a safety screen. A Grade 1 Impact Face Visor should be worn as should
heavy duty gloves and a laboratory coat.

The apparatus should be sited so that no other worker in the area could be injured if
there were to be an explosion in the system in use. Additionally, other workers in the
immediate area should be aware of any possible explosion hazards; a clear notice
should be displayed at the place of work and on the doors into the laboratory.

Accidents can result from the unwanted formation of explosive material, e.g. the
formation of peroxides in old ether bottles, especially di-isopropyl ether. Care should
be taken to ensure that such unwanted hazards cannot occur, e.g. by disposing of
ethers safely when they are no longer needed.
Distillation Hazards
Laboratory distillation is considered a routine operation. However, serious fires can result if
high standards are not maintained. The recommendations below cover the more obvious
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
26
sources of danger. Additional precautions may be necessary in special situations. A
limiting batch size of 0.5 litres is recommended for normal materials. Less experienced
workers are recommended to use appreciably smaller amounts.

The solvent delivery system in room 1.30 is set up to provide the following dry
solvents; Toluene, Dichloromethane, Diethyl Ether and Tetrahydrofuran. If other
larger quantities of other solvents are required which are not on this list then
permission must be sought from Dr Tippu Sheriff and Dr Chris Bray.
87.
The following general precautions, many of which apply to all laboratory work, should
ensure that distillations are carried out in a safe and efficient manner.
88.
General Precautions
89.
90.

Make sure you know the location of the nearest fire extinguishers etc (see Sections 2
and 14.10).

Safety spectacles must be worn.
Apparatus

Check the apparatus for flaws or cracks before assembly.

Use round bottomed or pear shaped flasks and air, Liebig, or coil condensers (not
double surface condensers which may fail under vacuum).
Procedure

Ensure that the apparatus is not a closed system. Note that a closed system may be
created if the distillate solidifies on cooling in the condenser.

Do not fill the still pot more than two-thirds full.

Prevent “bumping” by the use of boiling chips or a boiling stick or, if at reduced
pressure, by use of an air bleed. If the compound is likely to oxidise nitrogen bleed
should be used.

Never put boiling chips into a flask where the solvent is already refluxing, this
will cause the contents of the flask to be ejected.

Use a water, oil (paraffin or silicone), or sand bath or a suitable electric heater.
Paraffin oil baths should not be used above 180°C. Oil baths which are discoloured
or fume when heated should be discarded.

When distilling highly flammable liquids at atmospheric pressure fit the outlet from
the receiving vessel with rubber tubing and lead it to a safe point away from any
possible source of ignition

When distilling toxic compounds the whole assembly should be placed in a fume
cupboard.
Distillations at reduced pressures must only be carried out using round bottomed or
pear shaped flasks. Never use conical flasks!


Distillation apparatus must never be left unattended unless it has been designed for
automatic operation.
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
27

91.
Drying of Solvents
The drying of solvents by distillation from chemically reactive agents such as
sodium-benzophenone presents a particular risk of fire. In addition to the general guidelines
concerning distillation, the following additional points need to be noted.

The distillation of flammable solvents in quantities exceeding 0.5 litres must be done
in the Solvent delivery Room (1.30). Such solvent stills should be protected by a
device which cuts off the electricity supply to the still in the event that the cooling
water supply fails.

Solvent stills should not be operated outside normal working hours.

Solvent stills should carry a notice to indicate who is responsible for their operation.

The drying agent must be chemically compatible with the solvent to be dried. Thus
alkali metals must not be used to dry halogenated solvents, with which they can
react explosively. If in doubt consult your supervisor or the literature.

Lithium aluminium hydride should not be used for drying solvents.

Very hygroscopic solvents, such as tetrahydrofuran, may require preliminary drying
(e.g. by standing over sodium hydroxide pellets) before they can be satisfactorily
dried with sodium metal.
Solid residues should not be allowed to accumulate excessively at the bottom of
solvent stills. Sodium residues which have become coated with organic material
often require extended treatment with methanol (at least overnight) before water can
safely be added.

92.
93.
Automatic operation means that the system includes prevention of
overheating, heater cut-out in the event of water failure, etc. The system may
then be left if it has been working satisfactorily for at least one hour. It is
advised that checks are made from time to time on the distillation. Safety
devices have been known to fail!
Autoclaves

Autoclaves must not used if training has not been provided and satisfactorally
completed

A record of training must be kept.

Autoclaves must be tested every year

Autoclaves must have a valid insurance certificate

If the autoclave is faulty or damaged in any way it must not be used. The fault
must be reported immediately.
Centrifuges

Ultracentrifuges must not be used if training has not been provided and
satisfactorally completed.

A record of training must be kept.
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
28
94.

Centrifuges must be serviced regularly

If the centrifuge faulty or damaged in any way, it must not be used. The fault must be
reported immediately.
LEAVING THE LABORATORY

Gloves must be removed and disposed of before leaving the laboratory.
Gloves must not be worn outside the laboratory (this includes one handed
glove wearing), Gloves from the laboratory must be assumed to be
contaminated and this contamination must not be allowed to leave the
laboratory and be spread throughout the building. If you are transporting
samples or small equipment make sure it is free from contamination and
transport without gloves.

Lab coats or other protective clothing must not be worn outside the
laboratory. Laboratory coats from the laboratory must be assumed to be
contaminated and this contamination must not be allowed to leave the
laboratory and be spread throughout the building, by casual contact.
For the safety and convenience of those remaining you should carry out the following steps
when you finish an experiment and before you leave the laboratory.

TIDY YOUR BENCH

Dispose of all unwanted samples in a safe manner. This includes any samples in
refrigerators and the cold room.

Wash and put away all the apparatus you have been using.

Label all samples clearly with your name, sample name, and date of preparation.
95.
96.
97.
WORKING WITH BIOLOGICAL AGENTS IN HAZARD GROUPS 1 to 3
Introduction
The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1999 (COSHH, updated
2002) require the use of biological agents in the workplace to be controlled. The control
depends on the level of hazard that the biological agent poses. Biological agents are
divided into 4 groups according to the classification awarded them by the Advisory
Committee on Dangerous Pathogens (ACDP)
98.
This document does not deal with the following activities:

Genetic modification

Agents that are pathogenic to plants

Work with Animals

Experiments involving group 4 pathogens
99. Risk Assessment
100. Heads of Schools must establish procedures for assessing the hazards and risks
associated with biological agents handled in the division. Assessments must conform to the
relevant sections of the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
29
2002 and associated document “The management, design and operation of microbiological
containment laboratories”.
101. Regulations require that:
Exposure to biological agents must be prevented if this is reasonably practicable;
If it is not reasonably practicable to prevent exposure to biological agents, the biological
agent involved in the activity should be the least harmful that the nature of the activity will
permit (Often there is no choice, but some selection may be possible, for example in
teaching and some types of research).
102. Definitions
103. Biological agent:
In the context of this document “biological agent” means any microorganism
(bacterium, fungus, protozoan, virus), cell culture or endoparasite, including any which
have been genetically modified, that may cause any infection, allergic reaction, toxicity or
otherwise create a hazard to human health.
104. Containment
Containment is the way that biological agents are managed in the laboratory environment
so as to prevent, or control, the exposure of laboratory workers, other people and the
outside environment to the agent(s) in question.
105. Hazard Group Classification
Biological agents are classified into four hazard groups according to their ability to cause
infection; the severity of the disease that may result, the risk that the infection may spread
into the community, the availability of vaccines and effective treatment. For the purpose of
these definitions, “disease” refers to disease caused by infection. Any biological agent, that
appears in a classification list approved by the Health & Safety Commission (referred to as
“approved classification”) falls into the hazard group specified there.
The correct group for an unlisted agent must be determined by the consideration of the
infection criteria listed below, and taking into account the relevant factors used in making
the risk assessment required by COSHH.
Biological samples, such as blood and bodily fluids, that may contain disease causing
agents also constitute biological hazards and should be handled as such. The hazard
group to which samples should be assigned should be determined by a suitable risk
assessment.
106. Hazard Group 1

Biological agent(s) unlikely to cause human disease.
107. Hazard Group 2

A biological agent that causes human disease and may be a hazard to employees; it
is unlikely to spread to the community and there is usually effective prophylaxis or
effective treatment available.
108. Hazard Group 3

A biological agent that can cause severe human disease and presents a serious
hazard to employees; it may present a risk of spreading to the community, but there
is effective prophylaxis or effective treatment available.
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
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Queen Mary University of London
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109. Hazard Group 4

A biological agent that can cause severe human disease and is a serious hazard to
employees; it is likely to spread to the community and there is usually no effective
prophylaxis or treatment available.
111. Containment
112. The level of containment applied must be determined by carrying out a risk assessment as
required by COSHH. This assessment should include consideration of:

the biological agent that may be present;

what hazard group they belong to;

what form they are in (including the possibility that they form spores or cysts that are
resilient to disinfection, or go through a developmental cycle in which there are noninfectious forms or dependence on an intermediate host);

the disease that they may cause;

how and where they are present and how they are transmitted;

the likelihood of exposure and consequent disease (including the identification of
workers who may be particularly susceptible, for example because they are immunocompromised), drawing on evidence of the prevalence of infection or other ill effect
as experienced within a particular type of work or work place;

Whether the nature of the activity will permit substitution of a less hazardous agent.

The control measures to be applied, and minimisation of the number people
exposed;

The need for monitoring procedures;

The need for health surveillance procedures.

The appropriate Hazard Group and Level of Containment will be confirmed to both
the project proposer and Head of School, together with other relevant advice.
113. Authorising Work in Containment Level 2 and above Laboratories
114. Heads of Schools must ensure that:

The College Health and Safety Office are informed of plans to work with hazardous
biological agents in group 2 and above.

If handling hazard group 3 agents is proposed, the project must be considered by the
College Pathogen and Genetic Manipulation Committee which is permanent subcommittee of the College Occupational Health and Safety Advisory Committee.

Changes in existing procedures that result, or are likely to result in increased risk
from biological agents, are notified to the Health and Safety Office.

Work with Hazardous group 3 agents does not start until written permission to start
has been received from the Pathogen and Genetic Manipulation Committee.
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
31

For group 3 work and above all relevant government agencies must informed, in
keeping with current legislation.

The appropriate Hazard Group and Level of Containment will be confirmed to both
the project proposer and the Head of School, together with relevant advice.
115. Training
116. The heads of School are responsible for establishing and enforcing rules that
require that:

Members of a division are properly trained in safe working practices;

Training in safe working practices is an integral part of undergraduate courses where
potentially hazardous biological materials are handled; Undergraduates may handle
Group 2 agents provided they are adequately trained and supervised;


Records must be kept of all such trained and reviewed and updated on a regular
basis;
good microbiological practice is adopted incorporating aseptic techniques together
with a high standard of hygiene;

mouth pipetting is prohibited;

Smoking, chewing, eating and drinking are prohibited by members of divisions and
visitors in laboratories.
117. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
118. Heads of Schools must establish and enforce procedures, which ensure that:

Appropriate protective clothing and equipment is worn in laboratories where
hazardous biological agents are handled.

Wearing laboratory coats outside laboratory areas is prohibited.

Wearing of gloves outside laboratory areas is prohibited.

Laboratory coats used by, members of divisions using Group 2 and Group 3 hazards
must be autoclaved before laundering. The coats must be regularly laundered

Separate and well defined storage areas are provided for street clothes and for
protective clothing (including laboratory coats). Only high-necked side or back
fastening laboratory coats with elastic cuffs are worn in Containment Level 2 and 3
areas.

All PPE is checked and cleaned at suitable intervals.

When discovered to be defective, PPE is repaired or replaced before further use.

Any PPE that may be contaminated by biological agents must be decontaminated
and cleaned or, if necessary, destroyed or sent for disposal.
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
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Queen Mary University of London
32
119.
120.
Health Monitoring and Immunisation
Heads of Schools must establish procedures by which:

Details of persons in departments working with hazardous biological material must be
notified to the Health and Safety Office and the Occupational Health Department;

Appropriate immunisation is offered to these persons, as required by the COSHH
Regulations;

Women of child bearing capacity can consult with Occupational Health Department
(there is a risk assessment form available from the College Safety Website for
pregnant women) if they propose to work with potentially teratogenic biological
agents e.g. rubella, cytomegalovirus, Toxoplasma gondii.
121. Members of a division working with hazardous biological material may be required
to:

undergo medical examination;

undergo immunisation;

provide serum samples for future reference.
122. Storage of Samples
123. Heads of schools must establish procedures, which ensure as far as reasonably
practical that:

Biological agents are stored and transported in robust leak-proof containers with
uncontaminated external surfaces.


Hazardous biological agents in storage are logged with the name of the agent, the
identity of an appropriate responsible member of the Division, the nature of the
substance and date of acquisition. These records must be available for inspection by
relevant government agencies.
Records of all stored materials are kept.

Periodic stock checks are carried out.

Surplus materials are safely disposed of, following recognised School procedures.

Refrigerators and freezers containing hazardous biological agents are locked. During
defrosting of a refrigerator, the contents must be stored safely. Discarded material
must be thawed before being autoclaved or incinerated.

Liquid nitrogen banks are kept in areas that can be readily disinfected if an ampoule
explodes. Members of divisions must wear full face visors when banks are opened.
Ampoules containing Group 2 and Group 3 hazards must be opened in a class 1
safety cabinet.
Desiccation and freeze drying-Hazardous biological agents should. If possible, be
preserved using methods other than freeze drying in view of the risk of implosion and
aerosol formation. Class 1 Safety Cabinets must be used for opening ampoules
containing Group 2 and Group 3 biological agents. In this operation, gloves must be
worn. Both top and plug should be treated as if contaminated.

Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
33

At the end of a research worker’s term of employment, or when the relevant research
is terminated, all project associated hazardous biological agents, including samples
that might contain such, are destroyed and accounted for following recognised
School procedures.

No hazardous biological materials are taken from the laboratory by a research worker
without written approval from the safety advisor and counter signed by Head of
School.
124. Use of Scheduled Substances
125. There is a School procedure for the use of scheduled substances, which is available as a
Standard Operating Procedure and is on the safety website.
126. Transporting Biological Agents
127. Heads of schools must establish and enforce procedures, which ensure that
Packages containing biological agents are packed and transported in accordance
With the College hazardous materials transport procedures.
http://qm-web.admin.qmul.ac.uk/safety/policy_procedures/lab10.shtml
128. Disposal of Biological Agents
Heads of Schools must establish and enforce procedures, which ensure that all material
containing biological agents is rendered safe before disposal.
129. The College clinical waste document
http://m-web.admin.qmul.ac.uk/safety/policyprocedures/lab5.shtml,
Should be consulted
130. Disinfection
131. Heads of Schools must enforce procedures, which state:

The disinfectants to be used under defined circumstances, ensuring that they have
been validated for the biological agents being used.

The use of disinfectants is covered by COSHH assessments.
132. Emergency Procedures
133. Heads of Schools must establish appropriate procedures and contingency plans to
Deal with:

A major spillage of biologically hazardous material occurs in laboratories.

Breakage of tubes containing biological hazards in centrifuges.

Arrival in the Division of leaking biological hazard containers.
134. Heads of school must establish and enforce procedures, which ensure that:

Security personnel have up-to-date list of members of Divisions to be

Contacted in the event of an accident outside normal working hours.
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Queen Mary University of London
34
135. Biohazard signs
136. The standard Biohazard sign must be displayed outside Group 2 facilities

If it is considered that the hazard(s) pose a significant risk.

The Biohazard sign must be displayed on the door of Group 3 facilities.

Signs may also be displayed on safety cabinets, refrigerators etc. if the same
Considerations apply.
137. Biohazard signs must not be displayed where there is negligible risk.
138. Biohazard signs must be removed from decontaminated equipment if it is
to be removed to a non-hazardous area.
139. Commissioning Containment Level 3 Laboratories
140. Heads of school must ensure that the following certificates have been obtained.

Room saleability certificate

Microbiological Safety Cabinets commissioning certificate.

A Practical Completion Certificate for the building work
(if any has been carried out).

Once the certificates have been obtained the Head of School will contact the
College Health and Safety Adviser, the Departmental Safety Adviser and the
Chair of the Pathogen and Genetic Modification Safety Committee (PGMSC)
to arrange an inspection of the laboratory as it will be used.
141. The School Health and Safety adviser, Departmental Safety Adviser and the
Chair of the PGMSC shall also inspect all protocols for use and management
of the facilities.

Containment Level 3 Laboratories for which the commissioning Certificate has
lapsed must not be used until a new certificate has been obtained. Certification must
be obtained every 12 months.
142. The commissioning Certificate must be displayed on the door to the containment
Level 3 Laboratory at all times.
References:

“The management, design and operation of microbiological containment
laboratories”, (2001), HSE Books, ISBN 0 7176 2034 4

“Safe disposal of clinical waste”, (1992), Health and Safety commission Health
Services Advisory Committee, HSE Books, ISBN 0 7176 0447 0.

“Safe working and the prevention of infection in clinical laboratories-model rules for
staff and visitors”, (1991), Health Services Advisory Committee.

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH).
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
35

COSHH Approved Codes of Practice (Biological AGENTS ACOP), (199), Health &
Safety Commission.

“Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy agents: safe working and the prevention
of infection”, (1998), Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens.

Compendium of Guidance from Health and Safety Commission’s Advisory
Committee on Genetic Modification. (2000) ISBN: 0 7176 1763 7
143. Microbiological Safety Cabinets
144. What is a microbiological safety cabinet?
This is defined in the European Standard on Microbiological Safety Cabinets as a:
“Ventilated enclosure intended to offer protection to the user and the environment from
aerosols arising from the handling of potentially hazardous and hazardous microorganisms, with air discharged to the atmosphere being filtered”
145. There are three basic types of cabinet.
Class
1
2
3
Description
An open fronted cabinet designed to protect the operator by continuously drawing air into the
front of the cabinet
An open fronted cabinet designed to protect the operator from exposure and the work from
external contamination
Inward air is directed downwards into a plenum below the work surface and is filtered before
being redirected into the work area as a laminar down flow of clean air. The balance of this
laminar down flow with the incoming air provides an air curtain at the open front which
provides operator protection. The split between exhausted and recycled air on each cycle is
normally in the range 20/80 to 30/70
A totally enclosed cabinet in which operations are conducted through gloves attached to
glove ports.
Air enters the cabinet through HEPA filter at the side or rear of the cabinet and is exhausted
in a similar way to a class 1 cabinet.
146. Choosing a cabinet
147. Class I
This is the traditional cabinet of microbiology and clinical diagnostic laboratories. Its
construction is simpler than other types and is therefore cheaper to produce and purchase.
It works by drawing air into the cabinet away from the worker and then through a (HEPA)
filter. It is the cabinet of choice when the key requirement is the protection of the
worker.
148. Class II
These cabinets are designed so that the work area is kept clean by a down-flow of HEPAfiltered air across the work. With good working technique it is possible to achieve both a
high degree of product protection and an operator protection of the same order as that
provided by Class I cabinets. However, their performance is more affected by other factors,
such as operator movement and air movements outside the cabinet. They are typically
used for cell and tissue culture applications and for other work where product
protection from contamination is important.
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
36
149. Class III
Class III cabinets are designed to completely contain the hazardous agent and are used
mainly for work with hazard group 4 organisms or work with hazard group 3 organisms
deemed to be at high risk, for example where highly concentrated samples are being
handled. They offer the greatest protection to the worker and work, but movements
are more restricted and this may affect dexterity.
150. Laminar flow hoods

Laminar flow hoods should never be confused with MSC’s.

These hoods provide a filtered air-flow which is intended for product protection only.
The cabinets must not be confused with class II cabinets as they have no inflow, air
passes over the product being worked on (e.g. cell culture) and so they offer no
operator protection.

Animal derived material or tissue may only be used after a full risk assessment that
confirms the total non-pathogenic and non-allergenic status of the material.

Laminar flow hoods must not be used with any biological material of human
origin.

Laminar flow hoods must not be used when handling biological agents
(pathogenic organisms).
151. The microbiological safety cabinet (MSC) is a basic tool in the laboratory for
those who work with biological agents, including pathogenic micro-organisms (including
genetically modified micro-organisms), cell cultures, human and animal tissues and fluids.
152. There are four major components that contribute to ensuring safe working with
MSC’s:

the design, construction and function of the cabinet itself;

good laboratory design (specifically with respect to the cabinet location and room
ventilation;

safe systems of work that incorporate good operational technique

regular appropriate maintenance and testing.
153. Positioning
MSC’s should be sited so as to minimise disturbance of the air flow at the front of the
cabinet. Part 2 of BS 5726 gives recommendations on positioning. Particular care must be
taken in locating recirculating cabinets where exhausted air may cause air disturbance at
the front of the cabinet, adversely affecting containment performance.
The key requirements are:

that the cabinet has sufficient clearance from walls, corners and doorways;

that no obstacles are placed where they may interfere with the airflow;

that sufficient room is provided for the operator to avoid interference with other
workers.
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
37

Once the key requirements are met, the location is fixed and the cabinet passes the
in situ tests, the position of the cabinet must not be changed, unless full repeat tests
are carried out.
154. Provision of gas
Bunsen burners or other naked flames should not be used in microbial flow cabinets for the
following reasons:

disturbance of air flow;

fire risk;

potential damage to the filters

With open fronted cabinets the use of Bunsen burners may reduce the operator
protection by disturbing air flows. They should never be used in class II cabinets.
Exceptionally, they may be provided for

class I cabinets, but they should be low profile microburners equipped with a lever
control to give full flame only as required, in order to minimise disturbance. To
minimise the risk of fire and heat damage, gas provision must be controlled via a
solenoid valve, interlocked positively with the operation of the cabinet fan.
155. Provision of ultra-violet (UV) light
156. UV light is generally ineffective for the disinfection of safety cabinets. Radiation
is directional and therefore for it to have any effect, the cabinet must be totally empty. UV
lamps are active microbicidally for a relatively short part of their working life, which is a
fraction of their total lifetime as a source of visible (blue) light. If installation is insisted on,
then:

UV lighting must be installed in a manner that cannot affect the performance or
durability of the cabinet, thus only materials unaffected by UV light should be used in
construction;

Electrical interlocking must be fitted and operational to prevent direct operator
exposure to UV light;

The efficacy of microbicidal activity of the light must be monitored regularly;

The lamp must be changed whenever efficacy has been reduced or at predetermined times to ensure the light is still effective.
157. The proper use of safety cabinets
158. Code of Practice
Before starting the work or placing any biological material in the cabinet the following tasks
should be done:

PPE must be worn according to the level of containment;

Remove the night door (Class I and II) or inward filter cover Class III

Ensure that the cabinet is on and running and sufficient time has been given for air
flow to stabilise;
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
38

Do not use if the air flow indicator is not in the safe zone;

Prepare thoroughly for the work;

Ensure active solutions of appropriate disinfectants are available according to local
codes;

Ensure that the inside of the cabinet is clean and free of clutter;

Ensure that the laboratory is closed;

Ensure all equipment is ready for use;

Place work in the cabinet, so as to ensure that clean and dirty materials are kept
separate.
159. Use of Cabinets
160. Whilst working in the cabinet the following precautions should be taken:

Do not overcrowd the cabinet.

For open fronted cabinets always work as near to the centre of the work area as
possible, but at least 15cm from the front.

For class II cabinets, never obstruct the air in-flow grille or any exhaust grilles.
Obstructions will adversely affect the performance, in particular operator protection.
Large equipment (e.g. centrifuges, especially air-cooled models) should not be
used with an open fronted cabinet unless appropriate testing has been done to
establish that containment performance has been maintained.

Do not mix sterile with infected materials and avoid passing potentially infected
material over clean material.

Dispose of equipment and contaminated material, following School guidelines.
Wherever practicable at containment level II, this means disposal into appropriate
containers or disinfectants within the safety cabinet.
This must always be done at Containment Level III.

Do not allow casual visitors. Other authorised users of the facility should be
discouraged from making movements that may affect the performance of the
cabinet.

Never use a cabinet if its performance is in doubt. If the alarm sounds, make
the work secure, for open fronted cabinets, place the front on the cabinet and
inform the appropriate people.
Do not rely on the cabinet to cover for poor practice.

A GOOD CABINET CAN NEVER BE A SUBSTITUTE FOR GOOD PRACTICE OR GOOD
MICROBIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUE
161. Clearing the Cabinet after use
After completion of the work the following actions are required

Check the performance of the cabinet.
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
39

Remove samples for incubation, etc., after wiping down flasks, containers etc. as
appropriate with disinfectant.

Ensure that all containers for autoclaving and incineration are marked correctly and
secured. Only remove contaminated materials from the cabinet as directed by local
protocols. Normally, this will mean only when the material can be taken directly to the
autoclave, although exceptionally it may be permitted to place containers in a holding
area within the containment area.

Wipe all surfaces with disinfectant.

Leave fan(s) on for 5 to 10 minutes.

Where local arrangements require, turn off cabinet and replace front of open-fronted
cabinet or inward filter cover (Class III).

After completion of the work the following actions are required

Check the performance of the cabinet.

Remove samples for incubation, etc., after wiping down flasks, containers etc. as
appropriate with disinfectant.

Ensure that all containers for autoclaving and incineration are marked correctly and
secured. Only remove contaminated materials from the cabinet as directed by local
protocols. Normally, this will mean only when the material can be taken directly to the
autoclave, although exceptionally it may be permitted to place containers in a holding
area within the containment area.

Wipe all surfaces with disinfectant.

Leave fan(s) on for 5 to 10 minutes.

Where local arrangements require, turn off cabinet and replace front of open-fronted
cabinet or inward filter cover (Class III).
162. Precautions to be adopted for cleaning the interior of MSC’s used for work with
dangerous pathogens
163. The interior of a MSC should be wiped down with appropriate disinfectant or
fumigated after use. Normally it will not be necessary to remove the working surface grilles
and indeed this should be avoided wherever possible. If absolutely necessary the following
precautions should be taken.

Wear appropriate PPE

Use appropriate disinfectant

Use correct tools to remove grilles

Take care when cleaning, look for sharp edges

Disinfect gloves before removal

Autoclave all materials that are for disposal
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
40
164. Training and Competence
No person should be allowed to work at a Microbiological Safety Cabinet unless proper
training has been given and the person is competent to do the work.
Where a supervisor has identified a requirement for training this should be provided before
work can commence. The requirements for competence to use a MSC should include full
instruction in the following

Classification of cabinets

Appropriate and inappropriate use of cabinets

Mode of operation and function of all controls and indicators

Limitations of performance

How to work at cabinets safely

How to decontaminate after use

Principles of air flow and operator protection tests
165. Maintenance and Testing
All MSC’s should be regularly tested to ensure their continued safe performance and
thereby satisfy legislative requirements
166. Hazard groups for materials that may be encountered
Material
Human blood
Human brain
Human sputum and lung tissue
Cell cultures
Other human material
Non-human primate material
Viral nucleic acid
Sewage, sludge, polluted water etc
Other environmental samples
Microbial toxins
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
Appropriate Hazard Group
Normally Group 2 but 3, if Group 3 infection suspected
Normally Group 2. Group 3 if Creutzfeld-Jacob infection
suspected, but derogation from full Containment Level 3can be
applied.
Group 3 if TB possible. Group 2 if TB unlikely on clinical grounds
but safety cabinet must be used unless TB eliminated by
microbiological tests.
See table below
Normally Group 2. Group 3 if Group 3 agents are suspected.
Normally as for human tissues (see above). Group 3 if
seropositive for Hepatitis B virus of unknown status.
As for intact virus
Normally group 2
Normally Group 1 or 2 depending on risk, Group 2 for
unidentified organisms cultured from samples.
At least as for source organism, depends on concentration
factor.
41
167. Containment for work with cells
Hazard
Low-uncertain
Medium uncertain
High-defined
High uncertain
Cell
Well characterised/authenticated finite cell
lines of human or primate origin.
Non-human, non-primate cell lines which
have been authenticated, have a low risk of
endogenous infection with a human pathogen
and present no apparent hazard to the
laboratory worker.
Cell lines/strains not fully authenticated or
characterised
Cells with endogenous pathogens and cells
deliberately infected.
Primary cells from blood, Lymphoid cells,
neural tissue of human or simian origin.
Containment
CL2 and use of safety cabinet
CL2 and use of safety cabinet
Containment appropriate to the
pathogen
Containment appropriate to the
potential risk
168. Requirements for Containment level 1

The laboratory should be easy to clean. Bench surfaces must be

Impervious to water and resistant to acids, alkalis, solvents and disinfectants.

Effective disinfectants must be available for immediate use in the event of a spillage.
Disinfection is not a substitute for autoclaving

If the laboratory is mechanically ventilated, it is preferable to maintain an inward
airflow while work is in progress by extracting air to atmosphere.

All procedures must be performed so as to minimise the production of aerosols.

The laboratory door must be closed when work is in progress.

Laboratory coats or gowns must be worn in the laboratory at all times and removed
when leaving the laboratory.

Personal protective equipment (PPE), including protective clothing, must be stored in
a well defined place:

Checked and cleaned at regular intervals.

When discovered to be defective, repaired or replaced before further use.

PPE, which may be contaminated by biological agents, must be:

Removed on leaving the working area.

Kept apart from uncontaminated clothing.

Decontaminated and cleaned or, if necessary, destroyed.

Eating, drinking, taking medication, smoking, storing food and applying cosmetics is
forbidden.

Mouth pipetting is forbidden.
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
42

The laboratory must contain a basin or sink that can be used for hand washing.

Hands must be decontaminated immediately when contamination is suspected and
before leaving the laboratory.

Bench tops must be cleaned after use.

Used glassware and other materials awaiting disinfection must be stored in a safe
manner. Pipettes for example, if placed in disinfectant, must be totally immersed.

Contaminated materials whether for recycling or disposal, must be stored and
transported in robust and leak-proof containers without spillage.

All waste material, if not to be incinerated, must be disposed of safely by other
appropriate means.

Accidents and incidents must be immediately reported to and recorded by the person
responsible for the work or other delegated person. Accident report forms are
available from the SBCS safety website, QMUL website and APPENDIX 5.
169. Requirements for containment level 2
Containment level 2 is suitable for work with pathogens in Hazard Group 2 and with biological
materials which contain or could contain such organisms. Laboratory personnel must receive
instruction and training in handling pathogens and an appropriate standard of supervision of the
work must be maintained.
The requirements for a CL2 laboratory are laid down by the HSE (“The management, design and
operation of microbiological containment laboratories”).
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
43
170. Minimum containment requirements of the COSHH Regulations for work in CL2
Containment measures
Air handling
The work place is maintained at air pressure
negative to atmosphere
Input air and extract air to the workplace are to
be filtered using high efficiency particulate
adsorption (HEPA) or equivalent
Security and access
Access is to be restricted to authorised people
only
The workplace is to separated from any other
activities in the same building
Efficient control, e.g. rodents and insects
An observation window, or alternative, is to be
present so that occupants can be seen.
Safe storage of a biological agent
A laboratory is to contain its own equipment.
Disinfection and disposal procedures
The work place is sealable to permit
disinfection
Specified disinfection procedures
Surfaces impervious to water and disinfectants.
Incinerator for the disposal of animal
carcasses.
Protective equipment and procedures
Infected material, including any animal, is to be
handled in a safety cabinet or isolator or other
suitable equipment
CL2
No, unless mechanically ventilated
Yes
No
Yes, for animal containment
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes, for bench
Accessible
Yes, where aerosol is produced

The laboratory door must be closed when work is in progress.

The laboratory must contain a wash hand basin located near to the laboratory exit.
Taps must be of a type that can be operated without being touched by hand.

Bench surfaces must be impervious to water, easy to clean and resistant to acids,
alkalis, solvents and disinfectants. Disinfection is not a substitute for autoclaving

There should be adequate space (24m 3) in the laboratory for each worker.

General tidiness and cleanliness is essential, benches should be kept clear and as
clean as is practicable. There must be sufficient bench space to ensure safe working
procedures.

Laboratory procedures which give rise to infectious aerosols must be conducted in a
microbiological safety cabinet, isolator or otherwise be suitably contained.

When undertaking procedures that are likely to give rise to infectious aerosols, a
Class 1 microbiological safety cabinet (BS 5726:1992 or unit with equivalent
protection factor or performance) must be used. Safety cabinets should exhaust to
the outside air or to the laboratory air extract system (double HEPA filtration is not
essential at Containment Level 2 and there is no need to consult with HSE before
adopting the re-circulation mode for air discharged from a safety cabinet.) Some
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
44
other types of equipment may provide adequate containment in their own right, this
must be verified.

Sealed buckets must be used for the centrifugation of all Hazard Group 2
microorganisms any material which might contain them.

In most laboratories operating at Containment Level 2 where there is mechanical
ventilation simply to provide comfortable working environment, it may not be practical
to maintain an effective inward flow of air. The often-constant traffic in and out of
Containment Level 2 rooms may interfere significantly with attempts to establish
airflow patterns.

Where a laboratory is ventilated specifically to contain airborne pathogens in the
event of an accident, then engineering controls and working arrangements must be
devised so as to counter the risk of airborne transmission to other areas. Maintaining
an inward flow of air is necessary only when work is in progress. ‘Atmosphere’ in the
context may be taken as to mean either the external air and/or other parts of the
laboratory suite or building.

Effective disinfectants must be available for routine disinfection and immediate use in
the event of a spillage.

Hands must be decontaminated immediately when contamination is suspected and
before leaving the laboratory and when contamination is suspected, after handling
infective materials.

Laboratory coats must be worn in the laboratory and removed when leaving the
laboratory.

When gloves are worn, these must be changed or washed before handling items
likely to be touched by others not wearing gloves. E.g. telephones, paperwork,
computer key boards and where practicable, equipment controls should be protected
by a removable flexible cover that can be disinfected.


An autoclave for the sterilisation of waste materials must readily be accessible in the
same building as the laboratory, preferably in the laboratory suite.
Materials for autoclaving must be transported to the autoclave in robust containers
without spillage.

There must be a means for the safe collection and disposal of contaminated waste.

Contaminated waste must be suitably labelled before removal for incineration.

Access to an ‘incinerator’ may be taken to mean an incinerator at another site, but
whether local or distant; carcasses for incineration must be transported in secure
containers.

Used laboratory glassware and other materials awaiting sterilisation before recycling
must be stored in a safe manner. Pipettes if placed in disinfectant must be
submerged.

Bench surfaces must be regularly decontaminated according to pattern of work.

Books and papers must be kept separate from areas where biological materials are
being handled.
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
45

Eating, drinking, taking medication, smoking, storing food and applying cosmetics is
forbidden.

Mouth pipetting is forbidden.

Sealed buckets must be used for the centrifugation of all Hazard Group 2
microorganisms any material which might contain them.

All accidents and incidents must be immediately reported by the person responsible
for the work or other delegated person. Accident report forms are available from the
SBCS safety website, QMUL website and APPENDIX 5.
171. Requirements for containment level 3
Containment level 3 is suitable for work with pathogens in Hazard Group 3 and with
biological materials which contain or could contain such organisms. Laboratory personnel
must receive instruction and training in handling pathogens and an appropriate standard of
supervision of the work must be maintained.
The requirements for a CL3 laboratory are laid down by the HSE (“The management,
design and operation of microbiological containment laboratories”).
172. Minimum containment requirements of the COSHH Regulations for work in CL3
Containment measures
Air handling
The work place is maintained at air pressure
negative to atmosphere
Input air and extract air to the workplace are to
be filtered using high efficiency particulate
adsorption (HEPA) or equivalent
Security and access
Access is to be restricted to authorised people
only
The workplace is to separated from any other
activities in the same building
Efficient control, e.g. rodents and insects
An observation window, or alternative, is to be
present so that occupants can be seen.
Safe storage of a biological agent
A laboratory is to contain its own equipment.
Disinfection and disposal procedures
The work place is sealable to permit
disinfection
Specified disinfection procedures
Surfaces impervious to water and disinfectants.
CL3
Yes, on extract air
Yes
Yes
Yes, for animal containment
Yes
Yes
Yes, so far as is practicably possible.
Yes
Yes
Yes, for bench and floor (and walls for animal
containment)
Accessible
Incinerator for the disposal of animal
carcasses.
Protective equipment and procedures
Infected material, including any animal, is to be
handled in a safety cabinet or isolator or other
suitable equipment
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
Yes, where aerosol is produced
46
The basic level requirements for working at Category I and II are applicable to Category level III
work, however since the level of containment is higher, there are more specialised protocols and
procedures which must be observed.
173. Local rules and Assessments

Comply with policies, local rules, risk assessments and standard operating
procedures.

Risk assessments must be carried out where they are required including COSHH,
BIO-COSHH and GM risk assessments.

Risk assessment is the responsibility of managers and principle investigators.

All activities must be covered by written standard operating procedures (SOP).

Managers and principle investigators must monitor activities to ensure compliance
with risk assessments and SOP’s and implementation of controls.

Risk assessments, standard operating procedures and controls must be reviewed
and amended where there are significant changes to activity or risks.

Principal investigators must keep risk assessments, SOP’s and other records (both
paper and electronic). These records must be available for inspection.
174. Security and access

Access should be restricted to authorised persons.

Safety signs are required on all entrance doors for, i) authorised persons only, ii)
biological hazards and iii) containment level 3.

Other safety signs should also be on all entrance doors (e.g. chemical hazards,
radiation hazards, flammables and gas cylinders etc.)

Laboratory should be locked when not in use.
175. General

Laboratory is composed of lobby and laboratory rooms.

Laboratory should contain its own equipment (so far as is reasonably practicable).

Laboratory must be sealable to permit fumigation.

Laboratory should be separated from other activities in the building.

Laboratory should have adequate ventilation and temperature control.

Suitable means of communication should be provided (e.g. telephones or computers
etc.)

Suitable means of detection and warning of emergencies should be provided (e.g.
fire detection / alarms, and gas monitors / alarms etc.)
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
47

Observation windows or alternatives (e.g. CCTV) means of viewing occupants should
be provided.

Effective inward airflow and negative pressure must be maintained and extracted
exhaust air must be HEPA filtered before discharge.

Air supply extract systems should be interlocked and using other means of control to
prevent positive pressurisation.

Air extracts and inputs should not interfere with microbiological safety cabinet
performance.

Adequate space and light should be provided for each worker.

Procedures that produce infectious aerosols must be contained (e.g. safety cabinet,
centrifuges, shakers etc.)

Laboratory ventilation and microbiological safety cabinets should be inspected
maintained and tested every 6 months.

Laboratory sealability must be validated every 12 months.

Validated standard and emergency fumigation procedures are required.

Lone working should be avoided.

Avoid sharps unless absolutely required.

Avoid generating aerosols.

Biological agents and hazards and genetically modified organisms should be safely
and securely stored.

Multiple containment should be used for the storage of hazardous substances and
materials.

Biological agents and hazards and genetically modified organisms should be safely
and securely transported.

Multiple containment should be used for the transport of hazardous substances and
materials.

Use suitable robust containers and label accurately for internal transport inside and
between buildings
.

Disinfect equipment and working surfaces after use where required.

Do not store or consume food or drink within the laboratory.

Do not store outdoor clothes or bags within the laboratory.

Good personal hygiene should also be observed.

Cover cuts and broken skin with waterproof dressings.
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
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Queen Mary University of London
48

Handwash (Howie) sink with emergency eyewash should be near the exit doors of
both lobby and laboratory.

Taps should operate without being touched by hand.

Soap and paper towel dispensers should be provided.

Emergency eye wash hose can be used for cleaning eyes, mouth or body in case of
personal contamination risk.

Wash hands after completion of work activities and immediately if contamination is
suspected after handling hazardous substances.
176. Waste Inactivation and disposal.

Dispose of waste safely using appropriate containers and correct waste route (e.g.
clinical waste, sharps bin, autoclave, chemical waste etc.)

Waste should be properly and completely inactivated using a validated means before
disposal.

Validation and monitoring of effectiveness is required to prove that the inactivation
method works.

Effective disinfectants should be available in the laboratory.


Disinfectants should be suitable for the biological agents or and genetically modified
organisms used in the work. (Following manufacturer’s instructions).
Autoclaves should be in the laboratory.

Autoclaves should be maintained and inspected every 12 months.

Validation of autoclave effectiveness is also required.

Monitoring of autoclave effectiveness is also required.

Waste bags should not be overfilled

Waste should be properly handled, safely stored, transported and disposed of.
177. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Appropriate PPE should be worn.

Suitable laboratory gowns should be used where required and regularly cleaned.

Suitable gloves should be used where required.

Suitable eye protection should be available.

Specialist gloves should also be available.

Disposable clothing should used where required.

Boots, shoes aprons etc. should also be available.
Health and Safety Manual June 2009
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Queen Mary University of London
49

Gloves should be worn for all work with infectious or hazardous material.

Gloves should be removed before handling items likely to be touched by
others not wearing gloves.

PPE should be removed before leaving the work area and kept separate from
personal clothing.

PPE should be stored in a defined place maintained and cleaned regularly.

Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE) should be used when required.

Gowns should be autoclaved before laundering or disposal.
178. Emergency Procedures

Emergency procedures should be prepared in advance and made available to the
workers in the laboratory for familiarisation and implementation.

Names and contact details of PI’s, responsible persons and safety officers should be
available in the laboratory.

First aid facilities should be provided.

Assess the situation before taking action.

Inform others of accidents and isolate the area or evacuate if required.

Seek assistance and use PPE if required.

Seek first aid and medical treatment if required.

Decontaminate the work area or laboratory after accident or incident.

Report accidents and incidents immediately to supervisors, use the accident report
form Appendix 5 at the end of this document, or from the School safety website or
QMUL website, return the form to the safety office and a copy to the safety advisor
and PI.

Keep in mind that the incident may require health monitoring.
179. Spillages

Prepare emergency procedures for dealing with spillages.

Spillage procedures should be part of the risk assessment process.

Minor spillages may be dealt with using disinfectants.

Major spillages require evacuation and fumigation of the laboratory.

Instructions, spill kits and PPE should be provided.

Instructions should be provided on laminated sheet near equipment when required.
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50

Notify others and isolate area. (if required).

Evacuate the laboratory if risk of airborne infection.

Allow aerosols to settle.

Contain spillages with tissues or granules where required.

Cover with suitable disinfectant, allow sufficient contact time, sweep debris gently (do
not brush), pick broken glass carefully.

Put all debris in a suitable container.

Put into action decontamination procedures.
180. Personal Contamination or injury

Remove all contaminated clothing as quickly as possible and leave the laboratory.

Remove all contamination from skin eyes and mouth by washing. With water.

Minor cuts and abrasions should be encouraged to bleed.

Wash wounds with soap and water.


Dress wounds.
Use PPE when helping injured persons.

Seek help where required, ring for first aiders ext 3333.

Emergencies should be taken straight to hospital, explaining the nature of the
incident.

Report all accidents following School procedure.
181. Information, Training and Instruction

Information should be provided to all workers on hazard risks, control measures,
monitoring, health surveillance etc.

Instruction should be provided to all workers on actions and precautions to be taken,
use, storage, transport, disposal, emergency procedures etc.

Training should be provided to all workers on detailed and effective application of
control measures etc.

All workers must be adequately trained and supervised.
182. PROCEDURES FOR WORK WITH GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS
183. Introduction
It is college policy that procedures for risk assessment and safety management set out in
current legislation and in Advisory Committee on Genetic Modification (ACGM) Guidance
notes shall be in place before work that falls within the official definition of Genetic
Modification (GM) is started.
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This paper sets out the frame work for the safety management of work that is subject to the
requirements of the “Genetically Modified Organisms (Contained Use) Regulations 2000
(SI 2000 No. 2831)

It is the responsibility of the Head of School in which GM work is to be done to notify
the College Secretary and Registrar at the earliest possible date that work involving
GM is being planned. Completion of a risk assessment form, which has been
approved by the appropriate local Genetic Safety Modification Safety Committee,
with copies to the college GM co-ordinator, will constitute notification.

Appropriate risk assessments for GM projects are made and recorded, that they are
laid before a properly constituted Genetic Modification Safety Committee and that
work does not start until the committee has made its recommendations;

Workers receive appropriate instruction and training both in specific techniques and
in the principles of good laboratory practice, and that necessary health surveillance
[See section 187] is instituted for those involved in or affected by a GM project.

It is the responsibility of project supervisors to ensure that all working practices
throughout the duration of the project comply with written laboratory rules, other
legislation (e.g. COSHH and radiation safety), and with terms of the assessment
approved by the appropriate Genetic Modification Safety Committee
184. Genetic Modification Safety Committees (GMSC)
GMSC report to the College Health and Safety Management Group through the Chair of
the Clinical Medicine & Dentistry Health and Safety Committee. They are set up as
necessary to provide advice, independent project management, on the safety aspects of all
GM work undertaken by college departments and to approve GM projects. The
membership and area of responsibility of all such committees must be notified by their
respective convenors to the Secretary and Registrar of the College as well as the College
GM co-ordinator and to the Chair of the College Clinical Medicine & Dentistry Health and
Safety Committee.
185. The duties of the GMSC

The duties of the GMSC’s in the College are:

To review their own membership in light of current guidance.

To ensure that the premises where the work is to be done are correctly registered
with the HSE as centres for genetic modification.

To review the microbiological safety arrangements in each laboratory to be used for
GM work and to determine the Containment Level facilities which are required for the
work.

To receive proposals for GM projects and to review the classifications proposed for
GMO (containment level and class).

To review the proposals for containment measures based on safety and
environmental risk assessments.

To give approval where the committee is satisfied regarding the classification and
containment proposals for containment level/class 1 operations and in other cases to
forward the proposals to HSE with recommendations.
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
To advise the college if any proposal brought to it appears to be subject to the
Genetic Modification (Deliberate Release and Risk Assessment) Regulations 1997
so that appropriate policies, procedures and notifications can all be put in place.

To verify the names of all workers involved in or affected by GM work have been
notified to the College Medical Adviser with such project data as may be necessary
for any health surveillance and/or the compilation of occupational health records.

To make recommendations to individual divisions and to the college on suitable
forms of training for workers performing experiments involving GM.

To consider accidents and incidents in any GM laboratory, to advise accordingly,
and to confirm that Appropriate College authorities and HSE are notified (if
necessary), of any significant release of genetically modified organisms which
present a hazard.

To ensure that appropriate data are obtained from project operators and that returns
are made to statutory authorities at the required intervals.

To send minutes of its meetings to the College Clinical Medicine & Dentistry Health
and Safety Committee and to send copies of all formal proposals, with outcome, to
the office of the College Secretary and Registrar.
186. Organisation of GM committees
A College Genetic Manipulation C0-ordinator and Deputy Co-ordinator shall be appointed
by the Chair of the College Clinical Medicine & Dentistry Health and Safety Committee.
The GM Co-ordinator will liaise with the College GM committees; provide information and
expertise to the committees as necessary and co-ordinate the submission of annual reports
and notifications to the HSE, College Secretary and Registrar.

Each committee should include the following where possible:

A molecular biologist with suitable experience-preferably of at least Senior Lecturer
status.

A microbiologist

A Biological Safety Officer (BSO) responsible for the premises covered by the
committee or his deputy.

Up to 6 further individuals, 2 of who should not be involved in GM work and a lay
member.

The GM Co-ordinator shall be a member of each GM committee. The Co-ordinator,
or
Deputy Co-ordinator shall normally attend each meeting. Copies of minutes and
project proposals shall be sent to the College GM Co-ordinator.


The committee shall elect a chairperson and a secretary from among their number.
The Secretary will be responsible for preparing formal minutes of meetings. In
addition to the committee members Heads of Schools/Departments in which genetic
modification is taking place shall receive copies of the minutes.

The committee may second additional members such graduate students, technical
staff.
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
All records of the project applications should be kept by the BSO and copies sent to
the office of the College Secretary and Registrar.

The quorum for annual reports shall be the Chair, the Secretary, the BSO and the
GM Co-ordinator.
The quorum for project review shall include the molecular biologist, the chairperson
and the GM Co-ordinator.


When new projects are reviewed by the Committee, the project proposer shall
normally attend in order to answer questions from the GM committee.
187. Health Surveillance for Workers Carrying Out Genetic Modification Experiments
188. The names of all staff who will be involved in GM work should be notified to the
Occupational Health Service (OHS) with details of the category of work in which they will
be involved. Any staff member declaring a history of any disorder of the immune system or
other serious disease will be asked to attend the OHS for interview. Those undertaking low
risk work (i.e. Class I) with no identifiable risk to human health will, in general, need no
further surveillance.
189. Staff involved in all other categories of work will be reviewed annually by questionnaire
(supplemented by examination and investigation if necessary). The OHS will issue two
health questionnaires and, if the worker defaults, will inform the chair of the local GM
committee.
190. The OHS staff will rely heavily on the advice of the GM committees concerning Health
Surveillance. They will need details of possible ill effects and protective measures, e.g.
vaccination.
191. All staff will be provided with advice on those specific conditions which might compromise
the health of workers undertaking GM experiments.
192. Notes For Guidance, and Where to Obtain Further Help
193. The first point of contact for college GM / pathogen / bio-toxin advice and function is Dr.
Mark Ariyanayagam m.r.ariyanayagam@qmul.ac.uk , tel. 13 8378, based on Mile end
campus. Dr Ariyanayagam is the College ‘GM-BSO’ under the GM Contained Use
Regulations and advises the College GMSC (GM Centre 774) in that capacity.
The GM risk assessment form along with the College Policy and Procedures / Guidance for
GM work is on the H & S website http://qmweb.safety.qmul.ac.uk/procedures/index.html#gmo.
194. Procedures
195. The submission of a draft GM assessment is to be sent to Dr Ariyanayagam and this is the
starting point for the peer-review process of a GM risk assessment by the college GMSC.
GM Class 2 and 3 assessments require HSE approval, which is co-ordinated through
Dr Ariyanayagam (any work that classifies as GM Class 4 work or any work with non-GM
HG 4 organisms are not permitted in the College- as the college does not have a license or
any approved facilities.
196. The list of members of the GMSC is on the H & S website.
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Queen Mary University of London
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197. Members of the Local GMSC: as current (June 09)
Prof Ian Phillips;
Dr Shane Wilkinson;
Represents SBCS
Local division BSO for SBCS
198. Exclusions
199. Currently, work with non-GM HG 2 and 3 organisms do not require peer-review process but
this may change with ongoing changes to work with human and animal pathogens.
200. Statutory notification
201. Any use of a pathogen / toxin that falls under the Schedule 5 of the Anti-Terrorism Crime
and Security Act 2001 (ACTSA) should be notified to Dr Ariyanayagam in advance so that
the Home Office / Met Police approval and any required security are obtained /
implemented.
202. The full “official” text of the regulations, plus detailed explanations and guidance can be
found in the booklet “A Guide to the Genetically Modified Organisms (Contained Use)
Regulations 2000” (HSE Books, ISBN 0-7176-1758-0) copies of which are held by the
college GM co-ordinator and the College Safety Officers.
203. Guidance can also be found in the ACGM Compendium of Guidance (HSE Books, ISBN 07176-1763-7, http://www.hse.gov.uk/biosafety/gmo/acgm/acgmcomp/ The compendium
gives advice on “inherently safe microorganisms”, and how to undertake the required risk
assessment. It also gives guidance on the containment measures required and the
classification of activities with GMO’s. Further information can also be found at the HSE
website www.HSE.gov.uk and the college website http://qm-web.safety.qmul.ac.uk The
ACGM newsletters can also be found at http://www.hse.gov.uk/biosafety/gmo/acgm32/ at
the time of editing (June 09 the news letter was number 32)
204. For guidance on the categorisation of biological agents please see: Advisory Committee
On Dangerous Pathogens (ACDP)
www.dh.gov.uk/ab/ACDP/index.htm
205. Policy and Procedures for the Management of Clinical Waste
206. Over the last few years a substantial body of new and revised legislation has come into
force to impose controls on waste management.

The producer of the waste has a duty-of-care to ensure that an adequate written
description of the waste is given on a Waste Transfer Note to permit its safe
handling throughout its route to final disposal.

Under the Duty-of-Care all persons producing or handling any waste are obliged to
ensure that it is transferred only to persons or organisations complying with the
legislation.

Contemporary attitudes and legislation require us to minimise the environmental
impact, both in terms of volume and hazard, of waste production.
In compliance the College has set up suitable routes for the disposal of the different types
of waste produced on site and has put in writing adequate descriptions of the waste and
mad rules to ensure that all waste produced is entered into the correct waste stream.
207. Clinical Waste Definition
208. Any waste which consists wholly or partly of animal or human tissue, blood or other bodily
fluids, excretions, drugs or other pharmaceutical products, swabs or dressings, or syringes,
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needles or other sharp instruments, being waste which unless rendered safe may prove
hazardous to any person coming into contact with it.

Any other waste arising from medical, nursing, dental, veterinary, pharmaceutical or
similar practice, investigation, treatment, care, teaching or research, or the collection
of blood for transfusion, being waste which may cause infection to any person
coming into contact with it.
209. Clinical Waste Procedures
210. Packaging
All clinical waste produced is sent for incineration and must leave the College in yellow
plastic bags or sharps boxes. Divisions are responsible for ensuring that all containers of
clinical waste are free from external contamination to permit safe handling in transit.
The following rules apply:

Yellow bags must be of a minimum strength:
Low density plastic: 225 gauge; high density plastic 100 gauge.

Clinical waste which is potentially infectious must be autoclaved before it leaves the
care of the division of origin
(consideration of potential infectivity must be
included in the COSHH risk assessment for all work with viable material and all work
with human tissue samples); such material must not be into yellow bags until it has
been autoclaved.

Sharp items such as needles, scalpel blades; microscope slides, glass pipettes and
broken glass contaminated with clinical waste must not be put into yellow bags,
but must be put into a suitable primary container inside the bag or in a sharps
box.

Yellow bags must be filled so as to be able to seal the bag; they should not contain
more than 6kg.

Yellow bags must be sealed by twisting the neck and securing with either adhesive
tape (wound round three times) or cable ties.

The bag must also be identified by writing the telephone extension number of the
laboratory of origin with permanent black marker.

Yellow bags must be clean and dry on the outside to permit safe handling.

Sharps boxes must be secured shut, have identifying tape or tie and phone number
of the laboratory of origin written on it with permanent black marker.

The contractor will refuse to take clinical waste that does not comply with these
rules; offending items will be returned to the supervisor/PI of the laboratory of origin.
211. Segregation and Transport

The segregation of clinical waste from all other waste is essential

In no circumstances should black bags be used for clinical waste.

When transporting clinical wastes, attention should be paid to the health and safety
of staff and visitors, waste disposal operatives and the general community.
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Queen Mary University of London
56

Waste transportation should be in containers used only for that purpose and should
be easy to load, empty, clean and lock. Yellow bags containing clinical waste must
only be handled by the neck and carried away from the body. Clinical waste bags
and sacks must never be thrown.
212. Disposal

Some clinical waste may discharged into the sewerage system. The sewerage
system should not be used ass a disposal route without the consent of the Regional
Water Authority or Sewerage Authority. Advice must be sought from the College
Health and Safety Advisors.

Disposal of all other clinical waste must be through recognised systems on each of
the campuses. Advice on these systems can be sought from the College Health and
Safety Advisors
213. Pre-treatment Prior to Disposal

Autoclaving should be used for the most hazardous wastes such as pathology
waste.

Material to be autoclaved must be contained in light blue or white/clear bags, with
light blue printing designed to be used in autoclaves.

All bags should carry an indicator such as autoclave tape to show that they have
been subjected to heat treatment.

The bags should be placed in yellow clinical waste bags to be disposed of by the
approved procedure.
214. Spillage from Bags or Boxes

Any bag or box will not be removed from the stores by contractors if broken or
leaking. Bags should be re-bagged causing as little disruption as possible.

Spillages should be cleared up using hypochlorite granules.

Waste should not be handled without suitable protective clothing.
215. Protective Clothing

An appropriate risk assessment should be carried out for the packaging, segregation
and transport of clinical waste. This should be referred to, to ascertain the correct
protective clothing to be worn.

Coveralls or lab coat to ankle.

Leather palm gloves (surgical gloves will not prevent needle stick injuries).

Safety shoes with closed in toe-caps.

Industrial aprons or leg protectors should be worn to protect legs against the
possibility of needle stick injury.
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216. Emergency Procedures For Injuries Sustained Whilst Handling Waste

Any person who sustains a cut, sharp or needlestick injury whilst handling waste
should;

Encourage bleeding where skin is punctured.

Wash thoroughly with copious amounts of soap and warm water. Do not use a
scrubbing brush.

Ensure that your manager/PI or immediate senior is informed promptly of the
incident. The injured person should complete an accident form.

During working hours (0830-1600 Monday to Friday) report immediately to:





Occupational Health
Telephone - 020 7601 7825 (15 7825 internal) or alternatively
Telephone – 020 7601 8070/1//213
Out of working hours (1600 – 0830 and at weekends and bank holidays) contact:
Medical Virologist on call (via hospital switchboard – Whitechapel)
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217. INTRODUCTION
FIELDWORK HAS POTENTIAL DANGERS THAT CAN BE MINIMISED BY THE
SENSIBLE ACTIONS DETAILED IN THIS DOCUMENT. MOST OF THESE ARE
MANDATORY BUT TAKING THEM DOES NOT ENTIRELY REMOVE THE RISK.
OBSERVATION, AWARENESS AND COMMONSENSE REMAIN YOUR MAIN
PROTECTION:
YOUR OWN SAFETY IS YOUR RESPONSIBILITY.
218. GENERAL REGULATIONS (see section 1)
219. MEDICAL TREATMENT AND FIRST AID
Due to the nature of the work being carried out the usual procedures for medical treatment
and first aid within the College are not applicable. In the case of fieldwork first aid is of the
utmost importance and this must be backed up with knowledge of the local medical
situation i.e. location of local hospital, doctors, and emergency services.

Carry a small first aid kit and learn how to cope with minor accidents, grazes, insect
stings etc. Even better, take a course in first aid. Know the locations of the nearest
telephones and doctor.

Emergency kit: Carry a reserve of warm clothing, high sustenance food, matches
and a survival bag to counter the effects of exposure if incapacitated or marooned by
fog or nightfall.

There should be sufficient numbers of HSE-approved first aiders according to the
total size of the group and/or the number of independent groups, all supervisors
should be given basic first aid training and first aid kits should be provided so that
each independent group has immediate access to first aid supplies;

When activities are undertaken in remote or hostile areas where access to safe
refuge, medical treatment or emergency services is difficult or restricted, it is
essential that you are thoroughly prepared.
220. ACCIDENTS AND REPORTING
To comply with legislation all accidents must be reported using an accident report form(s)
[see appendix 13] which should be carried on the field trip. Although the accident may have
occurred off the Queen Mary Campus the incident must still be reported, through Queen
Mary Health and safety procedures. Forms can be downloaded from the School safety
website or the following web page.
http://qm-web.safety.qmul.ac.uk/procedures/emergency/f_accident.doc
One copy of the completed form must be returned to:



College Health and Safety Office
m.giguere@qmul.ac.uk
Tel: 13 5310
One copy returned to:



School Safety Advisor
A.g.scott@qmul.ac.uk
Tel: 13 3009
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One copy to be kept as a record for the Supervisor, PI, or Chief Technician.

You must always report any accident or personal injury however slight. Remember
that medical complications that might arise from an accident are often delayed.

Failure to report an accident could jeopardize an insurance claim.

If the accident is such that treatment is given by the Health Centre or a casualty
department, the form must be completed on return to the School. Copies of the
accident report should be sent to the research supervisor, the Safety Officer, Head
of School and the College Safety Adviser.

The Health and Safety at Work, etc. Act 1974 requires that certain accidents and
dangerous occurrences must be reported to the Health and Safety Executive within
seven days of the incident. Failure to do so is a criminal offence.

Appendix 1 summarises those accidents and dangerous occurrences that must be
reported to the Health and Safety Executive.

The full list of reportable accidents and dangerous occurrences is contained in the
Reporting of Incidents, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1985.

The College Safety Adviser is responsible for reporting accidents or dangerous
occurrences in the correct manner, through an accident report form, and it is
essential that he is notified as quickly as possible after the accident.

When a reportable accident or dangerous occurrence has occurred, the site of the
incident (other than for purposes of making the area safe) must not be cleaned,
tidied up, or in any other way disturbed until the relevant authorities have
investigated
221. WORKING ALONE

Do not attempt solo fieldwork. Discuss with the course leader or supervisor and
make arrangements for someone to accompany you.
222. GENERAL BEHAVIOR
All students taking part in fieldwork should observe sensible standards of behaviour,
conduct themselves with good manners and consideration for others and their property and
activities.
The College holds no responsibility to students who have accidents while carrying out
unauthorised activities.

Observe conservation guidelines.

Do not disturb the environment more than is absolutely necessary.

Do not collect specimens unless strictly required for serious study.

If in a foreign country be aware of local rules and customs regarding property
ownership, protected species status and or religious customs.

Do not leave litter.
223. SCHOOL SAFETY COMMITTEE (June 09) (see section 20)
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224. ASSESSMENTS UNDER COSHH (see section 21)
225. COSHH, BIO-COSHH and GENERAL RISK ASSESSMENT FORMS (see section 35)
226. GENERAL SAFETY
Personal responsibility and liability
Fieldwork involves some inherent special risks and hazards, resulting from the location
and/or the weather. In accordance with the Health and Safety at Work Act, course leaders
and project supervisors will follow safety precautions and take every reasonable care to
ensure the safety of members of their parties. However, the potential dangers make it
imperative that you should co-operate by behaving responsibly in order to reduce the risk
of accidents to yourself and others. You are required in law to observe all safety provisions
and may be held legally liable if accidents arise through failure to meet your obligations.

Obey all safety instructions given by your party leaders or project supervisors.
Anyone not confirming to the standards required will be dismissed from the field
course or suspended from the project.

Stay with the party, except by clear arrangement with the leaders.

Assemble, where told, to receive specific instructions regarding likely hazards.

Observe instructions for reporting after the completion of work.
227. Health and fitness
You must meet basic physical requirements to complete the activity, and must complete a
confidential medical questionnaire (section) before being accepted onto the activity. The
questionnaire must be sent to the College Medical Adviser who will advise, in confidence,
the Head of School (HOS) of any potential problems. School of Biological and Chemical
Sciences, University of London .
228. Attendance
You may not leave the party under any circumstances unless you have obtained specific
permission from the leader beforehand.
229. Proper clothing
Wear adequate clothing and footwear for the type of weather and terrain likely to be
encountered. Consult the course leader about precise instructions but typical
recommendations could include:


Shirt, warm sweater, brightly-coloured anorak, with hood;
Loose-fitting trousers (jeans are potentially dangerous when wet and subjected to a
wind; they can rapidly cause hypothermia);

Head gear (in addition to the anorak hood), gloves;

Cagoul and waterproof over trousers for wet weather;

Nailed boots or ones with rubber mountaineering soles (sports shoes are unsuitable
for mountains, quarries etc.);

Wellingtons should only be used for work in water up to 30cm deep;
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
Headgear and eye protection as appropriate.

Leaders and supervisors will refuse to allow ill-equipped students into the field,
because they have a responsibility to see that students observe the provisions
regarding personal safety.
230. Safety wear
You must wear a safety helmet whenever there is a risk from falling objects (e.g. at mines,
quarries, cliffs, construction sites etc).
231. Transport

You must not operate vehicles, boats etc. unless authorised to do so by the HOS.

All vehicles and means of transport must be insured

All operators of such vehicles must be trained or licensed to do so.

All vehicles must be complicit with all laws, rules and regulations governing the use
of such vehicles.

All requirements of statutory bodies must be enforced and adhered to.
232. Terrain
233. Cliffs, steep slopes
You must keep away from the edges of cliffs, quarries and similar sheer faces, particularly
in gusting winds. Ensure that rocks above are safe before venturing below. Quarries with
rock faces loosened by explosives are especially dangerous.

Never work under an overhang.

Avoid dislodging rocks on steep slopes.

Do not work directly above another person.

Never roll rocks down slopes or over cliffs.

Do not run down steep hill or scree slopes.

Beware of landslides occurring on clay cliffs.
234. Coasts


Do not climb cliffs, rock faces, crags, trees or any other object unless this has been
approved as an essential part of the work.
Take great care when walking or climbing over wet or slippery rocks.

Take care not to be trapped by the tide.

Avoid areas of soft mud or quicksand.
235. Road and rail cuttings and embankments
Beware of traffic when examining road cuttings or embankments. Wear high-visibility
clothing and have someone act as a lookout. You are forbidden to enter railway and
motorway cuttings and embankments unless you have obtained special permission.
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236. Working mines, quarries building sites

Always contact the person in charge before entering any working mine, quarry or
construction site.

Avoid touching any machinery or equipment.

Keep a sharp lookout for moving vehicles, cables, overhead equipment etc.

Never pick-up or touch unexploded explosives, wires, detonators or any odd-looking
manufactured object. It you find anything suspicious you must inform the
management immediately.

Comply with all safety rules, blast warning procedures and instructions given by
officials. You are liable to prosecution if you do not.

Beware of sludge lagoons.

Do not enter unsupported or inadequately supported trenches.

Take care in areas of landfill that are not fully compacted.

Always report your departure on leaving the site.
237. Old mines, caves
Do not enter old mine workings or cave systems until it has been approved as an essential
part of the work. You may only do so then by arrangement, with proper lighting and
headgear, and never alone.

Always remember that dangerous gases can accumulate in unventilated workings.

Ensure that someone on the surface knows your location and expected time of
return. Be sure to report after returning.
238. Solo work
Do not attempt solo fieldwork, Discuss with the Course Leader or supervisor and make
arrangements for someone to accompany you.
239.
Location
Before embarking on fieldwork, ensure that you are fully informed on the nature of the
terrain and the range of weather conditions that may be experienced, so that you take
appropriate clothing and footwear. Find out where to obtain local weather forecasts and
tidal information (e.g. RAF, Coastguard). Carry a map and a reliable compass. Always
know your location on the map and your route to safety.
240. Overseas work
For overseas work, establish whether inoculations/vaccinations are recommended (DHSS
leaflet SA40 & SA41). Obtain form E11 (from DHSS) to enable you to reclaim certain
medical expenses if incurred. Consult SBCS Safety Advisor about the project well into
advance.

Make sure that adequate medical insurance cover has been obtained for work
abroad, especially for the United States.
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241. Inform others
Make sure that somebody knows where your group is working and when you expect to
return. This will normally be your course leader or supervisor but it could be, for example,
the hostel warden. Make a habit of reporting your return.
242. Beware of the time
Leave sufficient time at the end of the day to return safely to base before nightfall.
243. Distress signals
Carry a means of signalling, e.g. whistle, torch, mirror, flares. The international distress
signal is 6 blasts of a whistle (or flashes, or shouts), repeated after a pause of one minute.
The answering signal is 3 whistle blasts (etc).
244. Projects and research protocols
If you are a student carrying out project work under the supervision of a member of staff,
you must read the Research Protocol prepared by that member of staff. You must also
write your own Research Protocol, reviewing the possible dangers of your work and listing
actions to minimise the danger. Your supervisor will help you to write the protocol.
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245. UNDERGRADUATE PROJECT STUDENT AND POSTGRADUATE STUDENT
GUIDELINES FOR SAFETY IN FIELD WORK AND SIMILAR ACTIVITIES
Note: In the following, HOS refers to the Head of School or his/her appointed officer.
Read the SBCS Basic Fieldwork Safety document.
Regardless of the type of activity a Research Protocol assessing the risks of the work must
be written to comply with legal requirements, though in many cases e.g. local site visits,
visits to exhibitions, one would expect the "Risk" to be minimal. It is important that once the
assessment has been carried out, approval and agreement are given in writing by the HOS
for the agreed safe system of working. Any significant change to the agreed system must
be referred back for approval. The College holds no responsibility to students who have
accidents while carrying out unauthorised activities.
246. Activity undertaken
Before any activity is undertaken, the Supervisor must ensure that an appropriate and
suitable risk assessment has been carried out and that a safe system of work has been
devised and agreed with the HOS. The completed risk assessment form must be signed by
the research worker, the supervisor and the HOS as a record of agreement, and copies
should be kept by the research worker, supervisor and the HOS.

A SBCS Method Statement and Risk Assessment form is available on the SBCS
web site. A completed example form is also available, as well as a model risk
assessment in the appendix.

There must be adequate supervision of all research workers undertaking the
identified activity(ies). Where more than one person is assisting in the supervision
(e.g. another staff member, a post-doctoral research assistant, an experienced postgraduate research student), then their role, function, responsibilities and actual
period(s) of supervision must be clearly defined. If a research worker is jointly
supervised by someone from another institution, and the person’s work falls within
the purview of that institution, then a risk assessment must also be drawn up by that
institution and a copy kept by the HOS at QMUL.

A General Risk Assessment may also be required for equipment and instrumentation
used, this form can be downloaded from the School Safety Website.
247. Both the supervisor and the research worker must keep emergency contact telephone
numbers. A programme of each day's activity should be available, identifying the nature or
purpose of the activity, any equipment or specialist clothing/equipment necessary,
departure and arrival times, reporting points/stages and times, emergency arrangements
and the chain of command.
248. All programmes, safety arrangements and safe systems statements must be regularly
updated in the light of experience.
249.
Contact between supervisors and research workers must be maintained on a planned and
frequent basis.
250. All supervisors must be qualified in First Aid and experienced in respect of the work to be
carried out.
251. All participants must be capable of meeting the basic physical requirements to complete
the activity, and complete a confidential medical questionnaire [see appendix 11] before
being accepted onto the activity. The questionnaire must be given to the supervisor or sent
to Mr. Alan Scott, Safety Advisor within the SBCS - or if the participant prefers, it may be
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sent to the College Medical Adviser who will advise, in confidence, the HOS of any
potential problems.
252. No pressure must be placed on any individual to undertake tasks that are beyond his/her
competence or confidence to do.
253.
Appropriate first aid must be provided and medical cover arranged (this includes the
provision of medical and accident insurance cover). [Also see Appendix 1]. All research
workers should be advised to carry a small personal first aid kit with them on all fieldwork
activities.
254.
Participants in outdoor programmes and activities must wear adequate protective clothing
and suitable footwear, carry insect repellent cream or spray where appropriate, and should
have appropriate equipment.
255. It is important that at all times reasonable standards of personal hygiene are maintained,
and that suitable facilities are available for this.
256. Only recognised, competent, licensed and insured drivers may drive passenger-carrying
vehicles and other vehicles belonging to or hired by the School.
257. All equipment must be suitable for the purpose or function it was intended and must be
regularly checked and maintained in a safe condition at the commencement of and during
the activity. Adequate training must be given in the use of this equipment prior to any
external activity, except where the purpose of the activity is to train.
258. All dangerous substances, specimens, and items of equipment must be handled, stored
and transported safely, and kept away from food and clothing. The handling and
transportation of dangerous substances is covered by reference to the appropriate section
of the Road Traffic Act, the COSHH Regulations 1994, the Carriage of Dangerous Goods
and Use of Transportable Pressure Equipment Regulations 2004 and the Air Navigation
Order (available in the Library) and must be adhered to in all instances. Where there is
doubt contact the local police. All vehicles carrying dangerous substances must carry
appropriate signs that detail the nature of the substance(s) and emergency contact details.
259. Fire risk must be kept to a minimum and care must be taken in the transport and storage of
inflammable substances.
260.
All accidents must be logged on appropriate College report forms (form WS/A200 – SBCS
Web Site – Health and Safety) and statements taken by all concerned. Where emergency
services or external medical aid is required to deal with the accident, the HOS must be
informed immediately. The School of Biological Sciences will deal with the necessary
"administration" of the incident and NOT the research worker or supervisor. This includes
contacting parents/next of kin, issuing statements, arranging transport and dealing with any
other general or logistic matters.
261.
Contingency plans should be made in advance to meet emergencies brought about by
accident, weather, or other anticipated but unscheduled occurrences.
262. All safety rules and rules governing legal access including "rights of way", whether or not
supported by legal requirement, must be strictly observed when visiting sites.
263. All activities must be conducted in a manner that will cause minimum harm to the
environment and no harm or damage to any person's property. Permission to take samples
or to cause minor alterations to property must be obtained from the owner or manager.
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264.
At the end of each activity there must be a review of the safety system to ensure that any
problems that arose are noted. Any actions necessary to prevent a recurrence must be
instituted immediately.
265. SMALL GROUP OR INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY
The desirable minimum group number for fieldwork is 2, though it must be accepted that in
exceptional situations it may be necessary for individuals to carry out work on their own.
Such cases must be recognised as potentially dangerous, and all safety
requirements must be strictly observed. If they are not, then permission to undertake
solo fieldwork will be withdrawn. In such cases it is important that the supervisor is not only
aware of the nature of the environment, but is aware of the potential hazards and dangers
which might befall the student working alone. A full risk assessment must be carried out
and, within the safe system agreed between the supervisor and the student involved, there
must be a stringent requirement for reporting each day at local level. This may mean that
someone other than from College agrees to act in the capacity of a local supervisor. This
reporting by the research worker would identify the area chosen for the day's activity before
leaving in the morning and reporting back in the evening. All researchers working alone in
the field, or travelling long distances in remote areas, should have a mobile phone or 2-way
radio to contact the supervisor/local supervisor in emergencies.
266. Required Reading
a.
SBCS Basic Fieldwork Safety Booklet that can be found on the SBCS Safety web site
b.
Separate advice accounts below:-see appendices, SBCS Safety web site or Field Work
Safety Manual.
Appendix 7
Appendix 8
Appendix 9
Appendix 10
Appendix 11
Advice for field workers on Leptospirosis
Advice for field workers on Lyme disease
Advice for field workers on Adders (Vipera beris)
Advice for field workers on Hemlock Water Dropwort (Oenanthe crocta)
Advice for field workers on Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum)
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267. PSYCHOLOGY
Health and safety matters relating to Psychology are covered in the preceding sections
268. Activities Involving Animal Related Hazards
Hazards: Animals may be encountered in teaching and research experimental projects, in
the course of field work or as a result of building infestation by pests.
Hazards include;

Trauma injuries caused by biting, kicking, scratching or stinging;

Diseases caused by exposure to animal-borne pathogenic micro-organisms and
parasites or by venom and toxins;

Allergies caused by animal fur, dander, excretions and toxins.

Blood aerosols caused by surgical procedures.
269. Risk Factors:

The risk of traumatic injury may result from improper, careless or rough handling or if
animals are startled by sudden threatening movements;

Parasitic infection may occur from handling or close contact with wild animals or by
contact with infested bedding materials, excreta, hair or fur;

Infectious diseases may be transmitted by bites or scratches, contact with excreta,
secretions, body fluids and tissue from infected animals. Wild animals including
rodents, birds and species encountered in field work studies are likely to carry
pathogenic micro-organisms and parasites whilst of the various species used for
laboratory or field work experimental studies show the greatest risk of infection is
from primates

Allergies often arise from repeated exposures, by inhalation or skin contact, to
animal proteins in excretions, hair, fur body tissue etc.
270. Risk Control Measures:

Avoid contact with wild animals where possible;

Trained persons should only handle animals used for experimental field-work or
laboratory studies using appropriate protective clothing and suitable restraining
devices and equipment (including drugs);

Where animals are housed or kept there should be suitable general or local exhaust
ventilation supplemented if necessary with personal respiratory equipment to prevent
or reduce exposure to airborne dusts and aerosols;

Safe systems of work which minimise the release of dusts and aerosols should be
adopted;

Personal protective clothing including overalls and gloves should be worn where
necessary to prevent skin contact by excretions and to prevent traumatic injuries;
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
The cleaning of buildings fouled with animal and bird excreta should be undertaken
after thoroughly wetting the contaminated area for at least 10 minutes with a
disinfectant (e.g. 5 parts commercial Chloros or Domestos in 95 parts water). The
treated excreta should be collected in a plastic bag which is sealed before disposal
or hosed down. Employees should wear gloves, overalls, a dust respirator (and eye
protection if concentrated disinfectant preparations are used)
271. Persons at Special Risk:
Employees at special risk from animal related-hazards are technical staff working
Biological Service Units.
272. Health Surveillance:
Health surveillance including pre-employment and periodic clinical examination and lung
function tests are required for employees defined as at special risk.
273. Exclusions:
It is unlikely that this model assessment will be adequate for work with animals
administered with hazard group 2 or above pathogenic organisms, radioactive substances
or toxic chemicals.
274. Relevant Statutory Provisions and Other Guidance:

Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986

Code of Practice for the housing and care of animals used in scientific procedures:
Home office.

Guidance on the use, testing and Maintenance of Laboratory and Animal Flexible
Film Isolators: Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens.

What you should know about allergy to laboratory animals; Education Services
Advisory Committee, HSC

Health and safety in animal facilities: Education Services Advisory Committee, HSC
275. Ethics Committee
Psychology research may require Ethics Committee approval
www.qmul.ac.uk/research/ethics
www.qmul.ac.uk/research/policies/docs/research-humans.pdf
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Appendix 1
REPORTABLE ACCIDENTS AND DANGEROUS OCCURRENCES
The following accidents and dangerous occurrences are required by law to be reported to the
Health and Safety Executive within 7 days of the incident. Failure to do so is a criminal offence.
The College Safety Adviser is responsible for the statutory reporting of accidents and dangerous
occurrences and it is essential, therefore, that he is notified as quickly as possible after any
incident which may be reportable.
Reportable accidents and dangerous occurrences include:

Fracture of the skull, spine or pelvis;

Fracture of any bone in the arm or wrist, but not a bone in the hand;

Fracture of any bone in the leg or ankle, but not a bone in the foot;

Amputation of a hand or foot, or a finger, thumb or toe, or any part thereof if the joint,
or any bone is completely severed;

The loss of sight of an eye, a penetrating injury to an eye, or a chemical or hot metal
burn to an eye;

Either injury (including burns) requiring immediate medical treatment or loss of
consciousness, resulting in either case from an electric shock from any electrical
circuit or equipment whether or not due to direct contact;

Either acute illness requiring medical treatment or loss of consciousness, resulting in
either case from the absorption of any substance by inhalation, ingestion, or through
the skin;

Any other injury which results in the injured person being admitted into hospital for
more than 24 hours, or the person injured being absent from their place of work for
three or more days (Saturday and Sunday are included in this period whether they
are normally worked or not);

Any ignition or explosion of explosives where the ignition or explosion was not
intentional;

Electrical short circuit or overload accompanied by fire;

Explosion or collapse of any pressure vessel where the pressure inside the vessel
was above or below atmospheric pressure;
The full list of reportable accidents and dangerous occurrences is contained in the Reporting of
Incidents, Diseases, and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1985. The College Safety Adviser
has a copy of these regulations available for inspection.
When a reportable accident or dangerous occurrence has occurred, the site of the
incident (other than for purposes of making the area safe) must not be cleared, tidied up,
or in any other way disturbed until both the College and School Safety Advisers have
carried out an initial investigation.
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Appendix 2
HEALTH MATTERS
Organisers of fieldwork expeditions must give consideration to the maintenance of the health of
participants. Where necessary the advice of the Institution Occupational Health Adviser might be
sought.
Basic Fitness
Activities may be much more strenuous than the normal work of participants and organisers
should ensure that, as far as is reasonably practicable, people intending to take part are
sufficiently fit. If necessary they must be encouraged in advance to improve their level of fitness.
Participants should be asked to make a declaration as to whether or not they are knowingly
suffering from any physical disability or medical condition that could compromise their health and
safety during the particular activity. Examples of such conditions could include haemophilia,
diabetes, epilepsy and any associated medication used on a regular basis.
Medical questionnaire
To identify pre-existing medical conditions to ensure that research workers are fit to undertake the
proposed field course work they must complete a medical questionnaire that must be returned to
the supervisor or Alan Scott in the SBCS or the College Medical Adviser [see appendix 5].
Injury and Illness in the Field
Prompt medical attention must be sought in the event of illness. Sometimes trivial injuries
become serious if they are not treated promptly (e.g., wounds become infected more readily in
the tropics than in temperate climates). Expedition leaders must be on the look out for symptoms
of illness, injury or fatigue and take appropriate action.
First Aid
In non-urban environments, the field course leader should be competent in the recognition and
treatment of exposure to extremes of temperature and have at least a rudimentary knowledge of
first aid. In group working, the leader must carry a first aid kit. Lone workers must carry a first aid
kit, survival bag, torch, whistle, compass, map, emergency food and emergency warm clothing.
Health Education
Participants must be instructed in the likely health hazards of the areas they are visiting and how
to avoid them. Particular attention should be given to:

Physical hazards of the environment (hypothermia, frostbite, snow blindness,
dehydration, altitude sickness, sunburn, etc).

Chemical hazards.

Avoidance of infection from pathogenic organisms.

Dangerous animals and plants.

Livestock (e.g. cattle, sheep, pigs).

Avoidance of gastro-intestinal infection and food poisoning.

Basic personal hygiene.

Care of feet.

Safe use of insect repellent.
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Immunisation
Medical advice on the need for immunisation must be sought where necessary. The requirements
for various countries are given in the DHSS Travellers Guide to Health leaflet. Immunisation must
also be given if fieldwork could result in exposure to certain pathogenic organisms. Tetanus
immunisation is recommended for people performing manual tasks where there is a significant
risk to cuts or whose work involves handling soil or contact with animals
.
Dental Health
Members of expeditions going to areas where dental treatment is expensive or difficult to obtain
are advised to have a dental check up before they go if they have any doubts about their teeth.
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Appendix 3
THE CONTROL OF SUBSTANCES HAZARDOUS TO HEALTH REGULATIONS 2002 (COSHH
REGULATIONS)
The COSHH Regulations were made in the form of a statutory instrument under the Health and
Safety at Work, etc. Act 1974. This means that the enforcement procedures and penalties for
non-compliance with the regulations are the same as for the 1974 Act once the COSHH
Regulations came into force on 1st October 1989.
The formulation of the COSHH Regulations is the most significant development in occupational
legislation since the Health and Safety at Work, etc. Act 1974. The 1974 Act places a general
responsibility on employers to do all that is “reasonably practicable” to ensure the health and
safety of employees, and a subsection extends this responsibility to protection from harmful
substances.
The COSHH Regulations are designed to safeguard employees, subcontractors, visitors - both
official and personal guests - and students (i.e. anyone who might reasonably be expected to be
on the premises) from substances which might be hazardous to their health, such as chemicals,
dusts or micro-organisms. It should be noted that the COSHH regulations do not place any new
general duties on employers or employees; they simply set out the principles which will allow the
existing duties to be complied with and readily enforced. The requirements of the regulations
represent what is already considered by industry to be good practice, and these are currently
followed by many reputable organisations.
Central to the requirements of the regulations is the carrying out of an assessment of any
process which may involve exposure to substances hazardous to health. The assessment is the
key to all the other regulations and is intended to identify the nature and degree of risk, and thus
to enable those responsible to determine the precautions needed to comply with the other
regulations.
For most manufacturing companies and university laboratories the enforcing authority is the local
Inspectorate of the HSE. For some premises, notably catering establishments, offices and
shops, the enforcing authority is the local Environmental Health Department which is part of the
district or metropolitan council.
Factory inspectors and environmental health inspectors have broad enforcement powers.
Prosecution is seen very much as a last resort, but, if a prosecution is successful, heavy fines
and (at least in principle) imprisonment is possible. Those prosecuted may include: research
supervisors, teaching laboratory supervisors, technicians, heads of department, and even the
chief administrator (for us, the College Secretary) and/or the chief executive officer (for us, the
Principal), as well as the institution itself (the College), i.e. any employee who has failed in his
duty under the 1974 Act and the COSHH Regulations is liable to be prosecuted personally.
However, a more likely form of action is the issue of an improvement notice requiring certain
actions to be carried out by a specified date or, in more serious cases, a prohibition notice
requiring a process or area to be shut down until certain remedial work has been completed.
The following notes on the COSHH Regulations were issued by the Health and Safety Executive
to conference delegates at various seminars held in 1988 to clarify the new regulations. They
give a general outline of the COSHH Regulations, but in no way attempt to be an
authoritative statement of the law. The section devoted to ASSESSMENTS UNDER COSHH
expresses the views of the HSE, but the final decision as to interpretation will, of course, lie with
the Courts.
I. Introduction

The aim of the COSHH Regulations is to set out, in a legislative framework, the
essential measures necessary to control exposure to substances hazardous to
health.

The broad scope of Regulations means that the same principles of control can be
applied to all substances hazardous to health. The flexible nature of the
requirements allows the precautions to match the risk and facilitate the introduction
of technical developments. Revocation of many existing relevant statutory provisions
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should substantially simplify and improve standards of compliance.

The Regulations require an assessment of the risk to health that may arise from the
use of substances at the workplace, the establishment and the maintenance of the
necessary control measures, and, if appropriate, monitoring of exposure and health
surveillance. The Regulations apply not only where employees may be affected but
also in the case of any person who might reasonably be expected to be on the
premises.
II. Application

The COSHH Regulations apply to substances classified as being very toxic, toxic,
harmful, corrosive, or irritant under the Classification Packaging and Labelling of
Dangerous Substances Regulations (CHIP) 1984. They also apply to all other
substances hazardous to health arising from work activities and include mixtures and
compounds.

The Regulations apply to micro-organisms, but do not cover hazards which arise
directly from a person suffering from a disease, except where that person is an inpatient at a hospital, e.g. catching a cold from a co-worker is not included, but
contracting a disease through working with pathological samples is included.
COSHH will not apply where the Control of Asbestos at Work and the Control of Lead
at Work Regulations are in force.
III. Prohibitions

Certain existing prohibitions are continued (e.g. the Carcinogenic Substances
Regulations) and there will be revisions in line with a forthcoming EC Directive.
IV. Assessment (see section 11)

The purpose of an assessment is to enable a decision to be made about measures
necessary to control substances hazardous to health arising from any work activity.
It allows the employer to show that all the facts pertinent to the work have been
considered and that an informed and correct judgement has been reached about the
risks, the steps which need to be taken to achieve and maintain adequate control, the
need for monitoring exposure at the work place, and the need for health surveillance.

An assessment entails a systematic review to consider which substances, or types of
substances, employees or other persons are liable to encounter, what are the effects
of those substances, where the substances are likely to be present, and the ways
and extent to which any groups could potentially be exposed.

The detail involved in its preparation should be commensurate with the nature and
degree of risk arising from the work.
V. Control

The employer must ensure that the exposure of employees or any other person
who might reasonably be on the premises to any substance hazardous to health
is either prevented or adequately controlled.

Inhalation of substances assigned a maximum exposure limit (MEL) should not
exceed those limits and should be reduced below them to the greatest extent that is
reasonably practicable.
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
Inhalation of substances which have been assigned an occupational exposure
standard (OES) should be reduced to that standard. If exposure exceeds the OES,
control will still be deemed to be adequate provided that the employer has identified
why the OES has been exceeded and is taking appropriate steps to comply with the
OES as soon as is reasonably practicable. Control to the OES, or below it, can
always be regarded as adequate so far as exposure from inhalation is concerned.

In all cases, prevention or adequate control of exposure should be achieved by
measures other than personal protective equipment (PPE) to the greatest extent that
is reasonably practicable; i.e., the use of engineering controls is the first objective
and PPE should only be used as a last resort.
VI. Use of Control Measures

Every employer who provides any control measure should ensure that it is properly
used and every employee should make full and proper use of any control measure
provided.
VII. Maintenance, Examination and Testing

Every employer who provides any control measure in pursuance of COSHH
Regulation 7 (i.e. to control the exposure of employees) should ensure that it is
maintained in an efficient working order and in good repair. The employer should
ensure that thorough examinations and tests of engineering controls are carried out.
In the case of local exhaust ventilation plant this should be done at least once every
12 months. Respiratory protective equipment has to be examined at suitable intervals
and, for all control measures, a record (or summary) of the examinations has to be
kept for 5 years.

The objective of the Regulation is to ensure that all control measures which have
been provided to meet the requirements of Regulation 7 (1) perform as originally
intended, thereby continuing to effectively prevent or adequately control exposure.
The nature and content of the thorough examination and test depend on the
particular engineering controls under consideration and the nature and degree of risk
posed by the hazardous substance.
VIII. Monitoring Exposures

Monitoring of exposure should be carried out when it is required to ensure that
exposure is adequately controlled. It is required when failure or deterioration of the
control measure could result in a serious risk to health or where it is necessary to
demonstrate that a MEL or OES is not exceeded.

A record should be kept showing when the monitoring was done, what monitoring
procedures were adopted and what the results were.
IX. Health Surveillance

Where it is appropriate for the protection of the health of employees the employer
should ensure that they are under suitable health surveillance. Health surveillance
should be treated as being appropriate where the employee is exposed to one of the
substances in Section 81- 86 or Hazard group 3, 4 (biology section).

It is also appropriate where the exposure of the employee is such that an identifiable
disease or adverse health effect may be related to the exposure, there is a
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reasonable likelihood that the disease or effect may occur under the particular
conditions of work, and there are valid techniques for detecting signs of the disease
or the effect. Any judgement as to the likelihood that a disease or adverse health
effect may occur must be related to the nature and degree of exposure. If, following
an assessment, it can be shown that it is most unlikely that any disease or adverse
health effect will result, then exposure can be deemed not to be significant and health
surveillance is not required.
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Appendix 4
SCHOOL GRADING TO CONFORM TO ELECTRICITY AT WORK REGULATIONS (1989)
(MADE UNDER THE HEALTH & SAFETY AT WORK ACT (1974)
Category 0:
not competent, should seek advice from electrical technician on any perceived
electrical problem
Category 1: visual inspection of portable appliances only
Category 2:
visual inspection of portable appliances and rewiring of plugs and equipment
isolated from mains supply [50-240v AC only]
Category 3:
as 2 plus use of portable isolation transformer for working on ‘live’ equipment
Following the programme of training and testing given within the School all staff (technical,
research and academic) and all research personnel will be graded into one of the four categories
detailed above.
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Appendix 5
IMPORTANT
LEPTOSPIROSIS
ADVICE FOR FIELD WORKERS
KNOWLEDGE
Be aware
PREVENTION
What to do
DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
Know symptoms Seek medical advice
KNOWLEDGE
LEPTOSPIROSIS is a spirochaete bacteria. There are several serotypes but there are
two important ones:
Weil’s disease is usually carried by wild rats but occasionally may occur in other rodents.
The spirochaetes are voided in urine and can enter the body through open wounds such
as cuts and scratches, or through mucous membranes (eyes and mouth). People at risk
are those who handle wild rodents or work in places where rats or other rodents live and
have recently urinated (e.g. on the edges of canals, drains, ditches, rivers, lakes and
ponds, or around farm buildings and rubbish tips, storage and waste disposal areas,
tunnels and sewers).
The Hardjo form of leptospirosis is carried by cattle. Like Weil’s disease, the organisms
are voided in cattle urine and can enter the body through open wounds such as cuts and
scratches, or through mucous membranes (eyes and mouth). People at risk are those
who work in contact with cattle or on land recently grazed by cattle (>60% of UK cattle
herds may be infected).
PREVENTION
APPROPRIATE CLOTHING – wear the right clothing for the environment in which you
are working. Wear gloves when handling wild animals.
TREAT CUTS AND SCRATCHES IMMEDIATELY – if you get cuts or scratches, clean
them immediately with antiseptic swabs and cover them with waterproof plasters.
DO NOT ENGAGE IN FRIVOLOUS BEHAVIOR, such as splashing someone with water.
WASH YOUR HANDS, after handling animals or vegetation and always before eating,
drinking or smoking.
SAMPLES COLLECTED IN THE FIELD – these should be handled with caution and
disposed of safely. Clothing and equipment require decontamination.
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Flu-like symptoms (above normal temperatures and/or chill feeling, pains in joints and
muscles – calf muscle pain is often noticeable – a feeling of having an influenza – like
illness) usually occur early in the disease. In severe cases secondary symptoms develop
rapidly and lead to kidney problems or jaundice. If you have any symptoms and have
been handling animals recently or working in places where you are at risk (especially if
you have been cut and/or urinated on) then inform your doctor immediately. Tell your
doctor why you are worried; the earlier it is diagnosed, the easier it is to treat with
antibiotics.
FOR FURTHER ADVICE, CONSULT YOUR ADVISOR, SUPERVISOR OR THE SCHOOL SAFETY
OFFICER
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Appendix 6
IMPORTANT
LYME DISEASE
ADVICE FOR FIELD WORKERS
KNOWLEDGE
Be aware
PREVENTION
What to do
DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
Know symptoms Seek medical advice
KNOWLEDGE – THE DISEASE AND TICKS
Lyme disease is an infection caused by a spirochaete bacterium. The
spirochaete is transmitted to people by the bite of a tiny tick Ixodes
ricinus. Ixodes ricinus is found on vegetation and animals in grassland,
marshland and woodland habitats. The tick is most active feeding from
April to October.
PREVENTION
AVOID TICK HABITATS – when possible.
APPROPRIATE CLOTHING – wear long trouser tucked into socks. Light coloured clothing will
help you spot any ticks. Brush off clothing before entering house or laboratory.
USE REPELLANTS – on your clothing and repellent collars for your pets may be useful.
CHECK FOR TICKS – undress and check for ticks, they usually crawl about for several hours
before burying their feeding tube into your skin.
REMOVE TICKS – remove any unattached ticks by gently tugging repeatedly with tweezers at
the place where the feeding tube enters the skin (save the tick for future reference; if you think
have left mouth parts in the skin, see a doctor as the wound may now become infected).
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Check for any rash or red patch, especially one that expands over several days. The red patch
can be quite large (1 – 18 inches). It may be ring shaped. Flu-like symptoms (low grade fever,
chills, headache) often occur early in the disease. Meningitis-like symptoms, such as stiff neck,
difficulty in concentrating, remembering and fatigue, can occur later in the disease. If you have
any symptoms and have been handling animals recently, walking your dog or working in places
where you are at risk then inform your doctor immediately. Tell your doctor why you are worried;
the earlier it is diagnosed the easier it is to treat with antibiotics.
FOR FURTHER ADVICE, CONSULT YOUR ADVISOR, SUPERVISOR OR THE SCHOOL SAFETY
OFFICER
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Appendix 7
Adder (Northern viper / Vipera berus)
The only poisonous snake in the United Kingdom.
Typically about 0.01ml of venom is injected at one bite,
which is enough to kill small animals on which it feeds. Snake bites to humans and
domestic animals are generally speaking uncommon and the outcome is very rarely
fatal. In Britain around 50-100 cases of adder bite on people are reported each year,
and probably at least as many go unreported. The majority of cases are reported to
be people who picked the animals up in ignorance, but a number of bites occur
through accidents, e.g. stepping on an adder whilst hill-walking, or placing a hand on
an adder whilst gardening.
Identification: Adults are typically 55-60 cm long (up to 90 cm reported), females
slightly longer and more stoutly built than males.
Distinguishing features: a dark, almost always continuous zig-zag (or pattern of
joined diamond shapes_ running dorsally from the neck to the tail, which ends in a
forward-pointing spear shape. There is usually also a dark V, H, X or M shape on the
rear of the head. The flanks are marked with dark round blotches. In adult males
these dark markings are often black, contrasting strongly with the grey, whitish,
silvery or buff ground colour. In females, the markings are usually deep reddish
brown or dark brown, while the ground colour may range from sandy or yellowishbrown, to dark brown or sometimes orange-brown. Young adders usually have
similar markings and coloration to adult females. At birth, adders measure around
15cm.
Habitats: Throughout UK with localised distribution within suitable habitat patches.
Strongholds include Cornwall, Devon and Dorset, south-west Wales and North York
Moors. It is most often found on sand, chalk, greensand and peaty substrates. Most
often associated with heathland areas, wet heath, acid grassland, chalk grassland,
moorland, mires/fens/bogs, rocky hillsides, railway cuttings/embankments, disused
quarries, coastal cliffs and dunes, young or partially felled conifer woodland and
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open broad-leaved woodland. Adders prefer a sunny, open aspect and are found in
areas with good common lizard (Lacerta vivipara) populations.
Adder bite effects: Generally a bite is characterized by one or two small puncture
marks (which may bleed) and be accompanied by localized pain, which in some
cases can be intense. There is often a short period from a few to 20 minutes or so
prior to the further symptoms. Redness and hotness of the bitten part may follow,
together with swelling, and throbbing in the region of the bite. In some cases these
may be the only symptoms. Swelling may be accompanied by tenderness in the
armpit of the bitten arm and in the groin of the bitten leg, a raise in body
temperature, giddiness, disturbed vision, colicky abdominal pain and drowsiness and
diarrhoea. Fainting, loss of consciousness and difficulty in breathing (which may fail
altogether) or swallowing may be experienced, with swelling of lips and gums.
Symptoms and signs of shock and salivation and sweating may appear in advanced
stages of venom reaction.
Medical help should be sought in the event of every adder bite. The effects of severe
envenoming do not usually reach a peak until six hours after the bite so there is
enough time to get to hospital. You should go immediately to the nearest casualty
department and report as soon as possible and without waiting to see the effect of
the bite. The bitten person should whenever possible avoid walking on a bitten foot
or the driving of a vehicle. In some cases, fainting and unconsciousness may occur
within five minutes and it is best for the bitten person to lie down while waiting for
transport. If time, ask someone to telephone and inform the hospital of an impending
arrival. If fainting occurs, trained first aid help may be important. The effect of venom
can cause low blood pressure and pulse, and lifelessness in the bitten person – call
for an ambulance under such circumstances. Antivenom may be stocked in hospitals
in areas where adder bites are a possibility and should only be administered by
medical staff.
Basic first aid: consider patient’s other medical problems, use recovery position,
seek telephone advice from a hospital if a long distance from hospital. If the person
collapses, use the recovery position during transportation. Do not give patient
alcohol or aspirin.
First Aid: Immobilize the bitten limb and minimize the patient’s physical effort
(advise to lay down and not to move). Make a sling for an arm, a splint for a leg –
this slows the absorption of the venom, keep affected part below heart level.
Reassure the casualty and arrange urgent removal to hospital. If casualty becomes
unconscious, open the airway and check breathing. Complete ABC of Resuscitation
if required and place the casualty in the Recovery Position. Arrange removal to
hospital.
Source: http://www.geocites.com/braguk/aboutadder3.html
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Queen Mary University of London
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Appendix 8
Hemlock Water Dropwort (Oenanthe crocata)
The name Water Hemlock is, though incorrectly, often popularly applied to several
species of Oenanthe, the genus of the Water Dropworts, which of all the British
umbelliferous plants are the most poisonous. The species most commonly termed
Water Hemlock is Oenanthe crocata, the Hemlock Water Dropwort, a common plant
in England, especially in the southern counties, in ditches and watering places, but
not occurring in Scandinavia, Holland, Germany, Russia, Turkey or Greece.
Description---It is a large, stout plant, 3 to 5 feet high, the stems thick, erect, much
branched above, furrowed, hollow, tough, dark green and smooth.
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The leaves are somewhat celery-like in form, and the flowers are in bloom in June
and July, and are borne in large umbels. There is considerable variety in the form of
the leaf segments, the number of rays in the umbel, and of the involucre bracts. The
lower leaves, with very short, sheathing footstalks, are large and spreading, reaching
more than a foot in length, broadly triangular in outline and tri-pinnate. The leaflets
are stalkless, 1 to 1 1/2 inch long, roundish, with a wedge-shaped base, deeply and
irregularly lobed, dark green, paler and shining beneath. The upper leaves are much
smaller, nearly stalkless, the segments narrower and acute.
The roots are perennial and fleshy, of a pale yellow colour. They have a sweetish
and not unpleasant taste, but are virulently poisonous. Being often exposed to the
action of running water near which they grow, thus they are easily accessible to
children and cattle, and the plant should not be allowed to grow where cattle are
kept, as instances are numerous in which cows have been poisoned by eating these
roots. They have also been eaten in mistake, for either wild celery or water parsnip,
with very serious results, great agony, sickness, convulsions or even death resulting.
While the root of the parsnip is single and conical in form, that of the Oenanthe
crocata consists of clusters of fleshy tubers similar to those of Dahlia, hence,
perhaps, one of its popular names: Dead Tongue.
Both stem and root, when cut, exude a yellowish juice, hence the specific name of
the plant and one of the common names (Yellow Water Dropwort) by which it is
known. The juice will stain the hands yellow. The generic name, Oenanthe, is
derived from the Greek ainos (wine) and anthos (a flower), from the wine-like scent
of the flowers.
The author of Familiar Wild Flowers states that the name 'Dead Tongue' was given
from the paralysing effect of this plant on the organs of speech.
No British wild plant has been responsible for more fatal accidents than the
one in question: a party of workmen repairing a breach in a towing-path dug up the
plants and ate the roots, mistaking them for parsnips; another party, working in a
field, thought that a few of the leaves with their bread and cheese would prove a
tasty relish: in each case death occurred within three hours. On another occasion
eight boys ate the roots, and five died - and the other three had violent convulsions
and lost their reason for many hours.
INGESTION OF ANY PART OF THE PLANT MAY BE FATAL.
Very small amounts are sufficient to cause death. Rapid hospital care should be
sought if the slightest ingestion of juice or plant part occurs.
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Queen Mary University of London
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Appendix 9
Poison Hemlock (conium maculatum)
Plant Description: Biennial herb with smooth, purple-spotted or –lined, hollow
stem; taproot solid and parsnip-like; leaves, large, 3-4-pinnately divided, the
leaflets very small; flowers small, white, in umbrella-like clusters.
Where Found: Forst or natural area at edge of ponds, creeks, marshes; weedy
in disturbed areas and waste places, marshy areas and ditches.
Poisonous part: All parts. Leaves mistaken for parsley and seeds mistaken for
anise. “Cup of hemlock” once used by the early Greeks for capital punishment.
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Symptoms: Salivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, muscular weakness, paralysis,
nervousness, trembling, dilation of pupils, weak pulse, convulsions, coma. This
plant is deadly poisonous, the alkaloids produced by the plant can cause
paralysis of respiratory muscles.
Severity: HIGHLY TOXIC; MAY BE FATAL IF EATEN
Seek immediate medical help if any part of the plant is ingested.
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Appendix 10
SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL SCIENCES
Fieldwork Risk Assessment
1
Introduction
The College requires all fieldwork to have a suitable risk assessment completed before the work
is carried out.
The purpose of a risk assessment is to identify possible causes of harm (hazards) and to identify
the measures needed to prevent these hazards from causing an accident. This document
provides a general outline of the approach needed to produce an adequate risk assessment but
Departments will need to prepare assessments that take account of specific circumstances.
2
Hazards and Risks
A hazard is anything with the potential to cause harm. The risk is the likelihood that someone
will be harmed by that hazard and a judgement of the severity of the harm that might be caused.
A high risk event is one that is very likely to occur and may cause death or serious injury/illness.
A low risk event is one that is extremely unlikely to occur would result in trivial or no injury/illness.
A medium risk event is in between these two.
By carrying out a risk assessment, you can direct attention and resources where they are most
needed to prevent injuries or ill-health.
The five steps to carry out a risk assessment and some examples of possible questions to ask
are:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Identify the hazards - find out about the site, the work, where you will be staying, how
you will be travelling etc.
Identify who might be harmed and how - think about risks to yourself and others in
your team. People with health problems, disabilities or lacking experience in fieldwork
may be at greater risk and need extra protection.
Evaluate the risks and consider how the risk of harm can be reduced - what
arrangements, equipment and training etc. will help to avoid accidents or illness?
Record your findings - on the risk assessment form overleaf. This assessment should
form the basis of safe working practices and local rules. Don’t just fill in the form and
forget it - make sure everyone in your team knows about the risks and how to avoid them.
Review and revise your assessment where necessary - you should do this when there are
significant changes in materials, equipment, work methods, location or people involved.
Assessments should also be reviewed if there are accidents, near-misses or complaints
associated with the work.
3
Specific considerations
3.1
Supervision
The amount of supervision required will depend on the number and experience of field workers.
Groups of inexperienced undergraduates in potentially hazardous environments will need more
supervision that an experienced post-graduate fieldworker.
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The ratio of staff to students required should therefore take into consideration such factors as the
experience and maturity of the students, the location of the fieldwork and the climatic conditions
likely to be encountered. In general a minimum ratio of 1:20 should be considered as a guideline
for fieldwork where large numbers of students are involved. More generous provision may be
required for more hazardous environments.
3.2
Medical Emergencies
The group leader should determine if any of the field-course participants suffer from illness or medical
conditions that could expose them or others to undue risk during the excursion. (Examples of such
conditions include chronic asthma, epilepsy, certain heart conditions, pregnancy (for some types of
fieldwork) certain types of diabetes or history of other serious illness. Provision must be made in the
risk assessment for those with such conditions. Allergies to common drugs (e.g. aspirin and penicillin)
should be noted.
A substantial first aid kit should be carried with all parties. The group leader should at least be
familiar with basic first aid and ideally one member of the group should be fully trained first aider.
3.3
Protective Equipment
3.3.1 Clothing
When choosing suitable clothing factors to be considered include the need to;



Protect from exposure to low temperature, wind and precipitation,
Protect from any physical and chemical hazards in the environment,
Act as a marker in recall or rescue operations
3.3.2 Head Protection
The head should be protected against rain and wind in adverse weather conditions.
Safety helmets (hard hats) must be worn in appropriate situations such as in old quarries, cliffs, skislopes, trenches, mines, forestry operations or where there is any risk from falling objects.
3.3.3 Life-jackets
Field work and field trips that include working from boats will normally be regulated by the safety
requirements of the boat operators. When smaller, unsupervised boats are used suitable lifejackets
must be worn at all times.
Risk assessment and method statement for field work
25. Background details
Assessor
Phone
Project title:
School
email
Proposed location of work:
Address and contact details of residential base:
Start date
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Finish date
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26. Project supervision
Name:
Address
Telephone:
email:
Mobile number:
27. Local supervision
Name:
Address
Telephone:
email:
Mobile number:
28. Personnel involved (tick box)
Independent student
Research
project
*Specify
29.
Description of works
30.
Field work methods
31.
Field work schedule
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Supervised field trip
88
Other*
32.
Risk assessment
Hazards
Risk
High/
med/
low
Risk Reduction Actions
Physical hazards: extreme
weather; mountains and cliffs;
marshes and quicksand; fresh or
seawater
Biological hazards; poisonous
plants; aggressive animals; soil or
water micro-organisms; insects
Chemical hazards; pesticides;
dusts; contaminated soils;
chemicals brought into site
Man made hazards; electrical;
equipment; vehicles, insecure
buildings; slurry pits; power and
pipelines
Personal safety hazards; lone
working; attack on person or
property
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Other hazards (specify)
33.
Special provisions
34.
Transport (tick box)
Yes
No
N/A
Suitable travel arrangements and licensed drivers
Adequate insurance cover
Permission to work on site
Necessary training and information received
Health and next of kin information given to field trip
Leader/departmental office
Provision for disabilities, health problems?
35.
Required Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
36.
Required Reading
c.
SBCS Basic Fieldwork Safety Booklet that can be found on the SBCS Safety web site
d.
Separate advice accounts below:-see appendices, SBCS Safety web site or Field Work
Safety Manual.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Advice for field workers on Leptospirosis
Advice for field workers on Lyme Disease
Advice for field workers on Adders (Vipera beris)
Advice for field workers on Hemlock Water Dropwort (Oenanthe crocta)
Advice for field workers on Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum)
i.
Additional information
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I.
This method statement and associated risk assessment will be kept under continuous
review throughout the programme of works
II.
The dynamic nature of the works may give rise to additional or new works being required.
Should such work be needed then a specific Method Statement and Risk Assessment will
be prepared.
III.
All Risk Assessments should be reviewed and a new assessment prepared every three
years.
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COPIES TO BE RETAINED BY STUDENT, SUPERVISOR AND SBCS FIELD SAFETY OFFICER
Method Statement and Risk assessment
Project Title:
Personnel:
Statement of Understanding
Signed statement that the research worker has read and understood the contents of this
Risk Assessment and has read and understood the Required Reading listed within this
document.
Name:....................................................................................................................................
I have read and understood the information contained in this Risk assessment document
and in the listed Required Reading.
Student name
Signature
Date
Supervisor(s)
Signature
Date
SBCS Field Safety Officer
Signature
Date
Permission from Head of School (if required)
Permission obtained
Date………./………/……….
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yes
No
Appendix 11
QUEEN MARY (University of London)
SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL SCIENCES (SBCS)
CONFIDENTIAL MEDICAL QUESTIONAIRE FOR USE OF STUDENTS, RESEARCH
WORKERS AND STAFF PARTICIPATING IN OFF-SITE ACTIVITIES
Family name………………………………………………………………………………..
First name(s)………………………………………………………………………………..
Date of birth........../………./……….
Main Field of study…………………………………………………………………………
Current home address………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Student Number…………………………………………………………………………….
Name and address of next of kin (to be contacted in an emergency only)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Name and address of your doctor
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Your NHS number (if known)……………………………………………………………...
Do you have any of the following (tick as appropriate)
Tick box as appropriate
Are you registered as disabled
Asthma or bronchitis
Heart condition
Fits, fainting or blackouts
Severe headaches
Diabetes
Allergies to any known drugs
Any other allergies, e.g. to materials, foods, travel sickness
Back, knee or other joint problems
Any injury or break
Other (please give details over page)
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Yes
No
If the answer to any of these questions is YES, please give details (it is important to be open
when answering these questions as your safety might be at risk).
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………
Ye
s
Tick box as appropriate
No
Have you received vaccination against tetanus in the last five years?
Are you receiving medical or surgical treatment of any kind from either your
doctor or hospital?
Have you been given specific medical advice to follow in emergencies
If the answer to either of the last two questions is YES, please give details (it is important to be
open when answering these questions as your safety might be at risk), including dosage of any
medicines/tablets
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………
Signed………………………………………………………………………………………
Date………../………./……….
When completed, please return this form to Mrs Moran, G E Fogg building
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Queen Mary University of London
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Appendix 12
DANGER – PLEASE LEAVE SWITCHED ON
NAME……………………………………………………………………….
HAZARDS –
SERVICES
IN USE –
DATE START………/………./………
DATE FINISH………/………./………
IN EMERGENCY
CONTACT OR
TEL. NO.
TEL. NO.
APPROVED BY
NAME:……………………………………………………………………..
DATE ………./………/……….
TEL. NO……………………………………………………………………
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Appendix 13
FORM HS/A2005
QUEEN MARY, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON
ACCIDENT AND DANGEROUS OCCURRENCE* REPORT
PLEASE COMPLETE ALL SECTIONS USING BLOCK CAPITALS THROUGHOUT
(Use back of form for extra information if necessary)
Send completed form to: Mrs M Giguere,
Health and Safety Office, Mile End. Tel ext: 13
Name of person reporting incident: ________________________________
Date of Incident ___/___/200
Date Reported ___/___/200
5310
Tel. ext: __________
Time of Incident
___:___
Location of Incident*
Charterhouse Sq
Mile End
Whitechapel
W Smithfield
Other location
Data on injured person
Surname: ________________________________________________
Forenames: ______________________________________________
Age____
Sex M/F*
Address; Home/Term time __________________________________________________________________
Department/Institute:_________________________________________
___________________
Tel
ext:
Where did the accident/occurrence* happen? (Building and room number or external location)
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Describe the injury/occurrence*
(continue on back if necessary)
(continue on back if necessary)
Why did the accident occur?
(continue on back if necessary)
Name
of
witnesse(s):
___________________
__________________________________________
Tel
ext:
)
Describe any treatment given ________________________________________________________________
Will the employee be absent from work for more than 3 days?
YES/NO*
Name of Head of Department: ____________________
(ext) _____
_________________________________________________________________________________________
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FURTHER TREATMENT (PLEASE TICK APPROPRIATE BOX)
None
[ ]
Referred to Casualty
[ ]
Advised to see own GP
[ ]
Ambulance Service called
[ ]
Re-attend Health Centre
[ ]
_________________________________________________________________________________________
PLEASE TICK APPROPRIATE BOX
Academic & Related
[ ]
Trainee
†
[ ]
Technician
[ ]
Secretarial & Clerical
[ ]
Child Visitor†
[ ]
Porter
[ ]
Postgrad/Postdoc
[ ]
Security
[ ]
Contractor
[ ]
Visitor
[ ]
Catering & Domestic
[ ]
Undergraduate student
[ ]
Maintenance
[ ]
†
*
IMMEDIATELY TELEPHONE EXTENSION 13 7870, HUMAN RESOURCES: TRAINEES
PLEASE DELETE AS APPROPRIATE.
Describe the injury/occurrence*
Why did the accident occur?
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