International Organizations and Economic Development
Education and Leadership (EDLS) 3460 – 02
Human and Organizational Development (HOD) 2780 - 01
Fall Semester, 2003
Wednesday 4:10 – 7 PM
Stephen P. Heyneman
Professor
International Education Policy
Department of Leadership and Organizations
202 Payne Hall
Tel: (615) 322 – 1169
Fax: (615) 343 – 7094
s.heyneman@vanderbilt.edu
The number of international organizations has proliferated since WWII, and their
functions have diversified. Some are altruistic. Others are regulatory. Some serve as forums for
debate, others as instruments for military action or enforcement of international agreements in
diverse fields of health, labor, agriculture, education, human rights, environment, culture and of
course, trade. Some organizations are macro economic in their focus, others are limited to
particular sectors or issues.
How are these organizations financed? How are they governed? How have their mandates
shifted over time? What impact have they had on economic development? Why have some
managed to generate political controversy? What is the nature of this controversy? And how will
the debates influence their future?
This class will cover several issues. First it will review the legal mandates and
organizational structures of the major international organizations --- the IMF, World Bank, the
U.N. specialized agencies, and the major regional authorities. At the end of this section, students
will be expected to have an understanding of the different organizational structures and their
operational purposes.
Second it will cover issues of human capital and the World Bank. This topic will be used
as an illustration of wider organizational issues. This section of the class will commence with a
review of the development mandate of the bank as originally interpreted in the 1960s and the
various challenges to that mandate beginning in the 1970s and ending with the current shift from
human to social capital. At the end of this section of the course students will have an overview of
the kinds of internal debates within the bank, and the way internal debates are affected by
external influences, both scientific and political.
Third, the course will cover some of the controversies and debates over globalization and
the role of international organizations in general. Topics will include the process of globalization,
the role of capital and the debates over the nature of the international regulatory environment.
Discussions will draw on recently published materials from the academic world.
Fourth, the class will cover the current debates over the future of international
organizations. Materials will be drawn from recent congressional and journalistic reports as well
as the responses from the organizations themselves.
Objectives
Students who take this course can expect to emerge with a working understanding of the
legal structures of the major international organizations, the organizational complexities of the
World Bank and its particular intellectual history in the field of human capital. From the readings
on globalization, students can be expected to utilize this basic understanding to place the role of
international organizations in their own particular context and hence to be better able to judge the
strengths and weaknesses of various arguments for reform.
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Requirements
This class is designed for graduates and advanced undergraduates interested in
organizational theory, development economics, human capital and the general debates over the
role of private and public foreign assistance to education in middle and low income nations. Class
meetings will often be divided into lecture, small group discussion and general debate. Readings
will be divided into required and recommended categories.*
Topics include issues which are controversial. Students will be expected play an active
role in class discussions but at the same time will be judged on the degree to which they
demonstrate an ability to listen to and appreciate alternative views.
Grades will be based on the following:
Written and/or oral report describing an international organization
15%
The quality of class discussion
15%
Term paper
35%
Final Examination
35%
The sessions on January 22nd and 29th will be dedicated to understanding the origins, mandates,
governing structures, and sources of finance for international organizations, both national and
multi-lateral, public and private. Each student will be expected to choose randomly from a list
provided at the first class meeting on January 15th , given a set of search instructions, and be
prepared to report. Class sessions will generally be divided into three unique partials beginning
with a presentation, continuing with small group discussion, and ending with a plenary summary
discussion.
Term paper: Each student will be asked to select an important policy paper or loan program in a
specific country. Each will be asked to analyze it in terms of the mandate of the agency and the
principles learned in the course concerning the political economy of international organizations.
Final examination. Take home or in class examination formats will be offered. Readings are
divided between required and recommended. There is a list of policy papers and examples of
loan documents on reserve. More are available.
Questions and logistical problems? Ask:
Natasha Rumyantseva
n.rumyantseva@vanderbilt.edu
Marisa Pelczar
Marisa.p.Pelczar@vanderbilt.edu
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Class Schedule
Section One:
Mandates and Governance of International Organizations
August 27
Introduction
September 3
Multilateral Development Agencies
Issues
Student Reports
Discussion and conclusions
September 10
Bilateral and Non-Governmental Development Agencies
Issues
Student reports
Discussion and conclusions
Section Two
Human Capital and the World Bank
September 17
Early Human Capital Rationales and Measures
September 24
Policy Distortions
October 1
Internal Debate and Control
October 8
New Concepts and Measures: Social Capital
October 15
How Does the World Work
Section Three
Globalization
October 22
How Does Culture Work
October 29
How Do Economies Work
November 5
How Does Globalization Affect Us
November 12
U.S. Congressional Views
Section Four
Current Debates
November 19
NGO views/ World Bank responses
November 26
(Paper Topics Due)
Thanksgiving brake
December 3
Summary (Final Papers Due)
December 10
Final Examination
4
Syllabus
Section One:
Mandates and Governance of International Organizations
August 27
Introduction
September 3
Multilateral Development Agencies
Student reports
Issues
Discussion and conclusions
September 10
Bilateral and Non-Governmental Development Agencies
Student reports
Issues
Discussion and conclusions
Section Two
Human Capital and the World Bank
September 17
Early Human Capital Rationales and Measures
*Jones, Philip W. World Bank Financing of Education: Lending Learning and Development,
Routledge, London, 1992.
*Psacharopoulos, George, Tan, Jee Peng, and Jimenez, Emmanuel Financing Education in Developing
Countries: An Exploration of Policy Options. Washington D.C.: The World Bank, 1986.
*Heyneman, S.P., “Development Aid in Education: A Personal View, “International Journal of
Educatinal Development 19 (1999) 183-190. .
September 24
Policy Distortions
* Heyneman, S. P., “Comparative Education: Issues of Quantity, Quality and Source,” Comparative
Education Review 37, (November, 1993), pp. 372 – 88.
* Heyneman, S. P., “ Economics of Education: Disappointments and Potential,” Prospects XXV No. 4,
(December, 1995), pp. 559 – 83.
* Heyneman, S. P., “ Diversifying Secondary School Curricula in Developing Countries: An
Implementation History and Some Policy Options,” International Journal of Education
Development 5 No. 4 (1985), pp. 283 – 88.
* Heyneman, S. P., “Curriculum Economics in Secondary Education: An Emerging Crisis in
Developing Countries, “ Prospects 18 No. 1 (1987), pp. 63 – 74.
* World Bank, Priorities and Strategies for Education: A World Bank Review. Washington D.C.,
World Bank, 1995.
* World Bank, Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: Policies for Adjustment, Revitalization and
Expansion. Washington D.C.: The World Bank, 1988.
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October 1
Internal Debate and Control
* Mande Barlow and Heather-Jane Robertson, “Homogenization of Education” pp 60 – 71 in Jerry
Mander and Edward Goldsmith, The Case Against the Global Economy: and a Turn Toward the
Local. Sierra Club: San Francisco, 1996.
*David Ashton and Francis Green, Education, Training and the Global Economy, Edward Elgar
Publishing Limited: London, 1996. Pp. 1 – 11; 69 – 117; 173 – 193.
* Heyneman, S. P., "The History and Problems in the Making of Education Policy at the World Bank:
1960 - 2000" in David Baker and Darcy Gustafson (eds.) International Perspectives on Education
and Society Oxford: Elsevier Science,(forthcoming); also to appear in: International Journal of
Education Development 23 2003, pp. 315 - 337.
October 8
New Concepts and Measures: Social Capital
* Heyneman, S. P., “Economic Growth and the International Trade in Education Reform,” Prospects
XXVII No. 4 (December, 1997), pp. 501 – 31.
* --------------------------, “From the Party/State to Multi-Ethnic Democracy: Education and Social
Cohesion in the Europe and Central Asia Region, “ Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis
22 No. 2 (Summer, 2000), pp. 173 – 91.
* -----------------------------“ A Renewed Sense of Purpose of Schooling: Education and Social Cohesion
in Africa, Latin America, Asia and Europe and Central Asia (co-authored with Sanja Todoric
Bebic) Prospects XXX No. 2 (June, 2000), pp. 145 – 66.
* ---------------------------------, “Education, Social Cohesion and the Future Role of International
Organizations,” Verinte Nationen (United Nations) Bonn: Vol. 50 No. 1
(February, 2002), pp. 16 - 20 (in German); republished in
English. Peabody Journal of Education 2003 (forthcoming).
Section Three
Globalization
October 15
How the World Works
(Paper Topics Due)
*Diamond, Jared, Guns, Germs and Steel: The Fate of Human Societies New York: W.W. Norton &
Company, 1999.
*Friedman, Thomas L., The Lexus and the Olive Tree: Understanding Globalization New York:
Ferrar, Staus, Giroux, 1999.
October 22
How Cultures Work
*Huntington, Samuel, The Clash of Civilizations: Remaking of the World Order
*pp. 2 – 80 on ‘Culture and Development’, Harrison, Lawrence E and Huntington, Samuel P. (editors)
Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress New York: Basic Books, 2000
October 29
How the Economy Works
*Vasquez, Ian (editor) Global Fortune: The Stumble and Rise of World Capitalism. Washington D.C.
The Cato Institute, 2000
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*Soto, Hernando de The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails
Everywhere Else. New York City: Basic Books, 2000
November 5
How Globalization Affects Us
*Giddens, Anthony Runaway World: How Globalization is Reshaping our Lives. New York:
Routledge, 2000
Section Four
November 12
Current Debates
U.S. Congressional Views
US General Accounting Office, The World Bank: Management Controls Stronger, but Challenges
Remain. Washington DC, April, 2000
*Eichorn, Jessica, “The World Bank’s Mission Creep,” Foreign Affairs 80 No., 5, pp. 22 – 35
*The International Financial Institution Advisory Commission (The Meltzer Commission) Report.
Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, March, 2000.
November 19
NGO views/ World Bank responses
*John Cavahagh, Daphne Wysham and Marcos Arruda (eds.) Beyond Bretton Woods: Alternatives to
the Global Economic Order, Pluto Press: London, 1994. Pp. 109 – 174
* World Bank, The Quality of Growth Washington D.C.: World Bank, 2000
* ---------------, World Development Report 2000/2001 Attacking Poverty. Washington D.C.: World
Bank, 2000
* ---------------, World Development Report 2000/2001 Attacking Poverty. Washington D.C.: World
Bank, 2000
*Kenneth King and Lene Buchert (eds.) Changing International AID to Education: Global Patterns
and National Contexts Paris: UNESCO/NORRAG, 1999
*Herman E. Daley, “ Sustainable Growth? No Thank You,” pp. 192 – 97 in The Case Against the
Global Economy edited by Jerry Mander and Edward Goldsmith. San Francisco: Sierra Club
Books, 1996
Narayan, Deepa Voices of the Poor: Can Anyone Hear Us? London: Oxford University Press, 2000
James Goldsmith, “The Winners and The Losers,” pp. 171 – 83 in the Case Against the Global
Economy edited by Jerry Mander and Edward Goldsmith, San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1996
November 26
Thanksgiving brake
December 3
Summary (Final Papers Due)
December 10
Final Examination
7
International Organizations and Economic Development
EDLS 3460 – 02, Winter/Spring, 2001
Readings
Required readings have an (*) and (a date) by which students will be expected to have read them.
*Ashton, David and Francis Green, Education, Training and the Global Economy, Edward Elgar
Publishing Limited: London, 1996. Pp. 1 – 11; 69 – 117; 173 – 193. (February 19).
*Barlow, Mande and Heather-Jane Robertson, “Homogenization of Education” pp 60 – 71 in
Jerry Mander and Edward Goldsmith, The Case Against the Global Economy: and a Turn
Toward the Local. Sierra Club: San Francisco, 1996. (February 19)
*Cavanagh, John, Daphne Wysham and Marcos Arruda (eds.) Beyond Bretton Woods:
Alternatives to the Global Economic Order, Pluto Press: London, 1994. Pages 109 – 174 (April
16)
*Daley, Herman E., “ Sustainable Growth? No Thank You,” pp. 192 – 97 in The Case Against the
Global Economy edited by Jerry Mander and Edward Goldsmith. San Francisco: Sierra Club
Books, 1996. (April 16)
Delors, Jacques et.al. Learning: The Treasure Within Report to UNESCO of the International
Commission on Education for the 21st Century. Paris: UNESCO, 1996
Department for International Development (DFID), Departmental Report, 1999 London: The
Stationary Office Ltd., 1999
*de Soto, Hernando. The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails
Everywhere Else New York City: Basic Books, 2000 (March 26)
*Diamond, Jared, Guns, Germs and Steel: The Fate of Human Societies New York: W.W.
Norton & Company, 1999. (March 12)
Education International (EI) Education is a Human Right: Barometer on Human and Trade
Union Rights in the Education Sector, Education International: Brussels, 1998
*Eichorn, Jessica, “The World Bank’s Mission Creep,” Foreign Affairs 80 No., 5, pp. 22 – 35
(April 9)
Fiske, Edward B., and Barbara O’Grady, Education for All: A Global Commitment. A Report of
the United States to the International Consultative Forum on Education for All. Washington
D.C.: The Academy for Educational Development, January, 2000
*Friedman, Thomas L., The Lexus and the Olive Tree: Understanding Globalization New York:
Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 2000 (March 12)
*Giddens, Anthony, Runaway World: How Globalization is Reshaping our Lives. New York,
Routledge, 2000 (April 2)
8
*Goldsmith, James, “The Winners and The Losers,” pp. 171 – 83 in the Case against the Global
Economy edited by Jerry Mander and Edward Goldsmith, San Francisco: Sierra Club Books,
1996 (April 16)
Haddad, Wadi D., Martin Carnoy, Rosemary Rinaldi, and Omporn Regel, Education and
Development : Evidence for New Priorities. Washington D.C.: World Bank, 1990
*Harrison, Lawrence E and Huntington, Samuel P. (editors) Culture Matters: How Values Shape
Human Progress New York: Basic Books, 2000 (March 19)
Hawes, Hugh, Trevor Coombe, Carol Coombe and Kevin Lillis (eds.) Education Priorities and
Aid Responses in Sub-Saharan Africa London: International Develolpment Administration, 1986
*Heyneman, S. P., “Comparative Education: Issues of Quantity, Quality and Source,”
Comparative Education Review 37 November, 1993, pp. 372 – 88. (February 12)
*---------------------, “ Economics of Education: Disappointments and Potential,” Prospects XXV
No. 4, (December, 1995), pp. 559 – 83. (February 12)
----------------------, “Educational Choice in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union: A
Review Essay,” Educational Economics 5 No. 3, December, 1997, pp. 333 – 9.
----------------------, Educational Cooperation Between Nations in the Next Century,” pp. 61 – 75
(in English and French) Education for the 21st Century: Issues and Prospects. Paris: UNESCO,
1998.
*-------------------------, “Economic Development and the International Trade in Education
Reform,” Prospects XXVII No. 4 (December, 1997), pp. 501 – 31. (February 26)
*--------------------------, “From the Party/State to Multi-Ethnic Democracy: Education and Social
Cohesion in the Europe and Central Asia Region, “ Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis
22 No. 2 (Summer, 2000), pp. 173 – 91. (February 26)
*--------------------------, “Development Aid in Education: A Personal View, “ pp. 132 – 46 in
Kenneth King and Lene Buchert (eds.) Changing Aid to Education: Global Patterns and National
Context Paris: UNESCO, 1999. (February 4)
---------------------------, “In Defense of American Education: View From the Outside,”
International Journal of Leadership in Education 2 No. 1 ( 1999), pp. 31 – 41.
----------------------------, “The Sad Story of UNESCO’s Education Statistics,” International
Journal of Educational Development 19 (January, 1999), pp. 65 – 74.
*-----------------------------“ A Renewed Sense of Purpose of Schooling: Education and Social
Cohesion in Africa, Latin America, Asia and Europe and Central Asia (co-authored with Sanja
Todoric Bebic) Prospects XXX No. 2 (June, 2000), pp. 145 – 66. (February 26)
------------------------------ (co-authored with Aklilu Habte and George Psacharopolous) Education
and Development World Bank: Washington D.C., 1983
9
------------------------------- (editor). Education and the World Bank Canadian and International
Education 12 No. 1 (1983)
*-------------------------------, “ Diversifying Secondary School Curricula in Developing Countries:
An Implementation History and Some Policy Options,” International Journal of Education
Development 5 No. 4 (1985), pp. 283 – 88. (February 12)
------------------------------, “Investing in Education: A Quarter Century of World Bank
Experience,” World Bank: Washington D.C., 1986
*-------------------------------, “Curriculum Economics in Secondary Education: An Emerging
Crisis in Developing Countries, “ Prospects 18 No. 1 (1987), pp. 63 – 74 (February, 12)
-------------------------------, “Education Sector Training to Include ‘Quiver of Arrows’,” EDI
Review (April, 1988), World Bank: Washington D.C., 41-8
*-------------------------------, “The History and Problems in the Making of Education Policy at the
World Bank: 1960 – 2000”, in International Perspectives on Education and Society edited by
David P. Baker and Darcy Gustafson, Oxford, U. K. : Elsevier Science, forthcoming ( February
19)
*---------------------------------, “Education, Social Cohesion and the Future Role of International
Organizations,” Verinte Nationen Bonn, forthcoming (February 26)
*Huntington, Samuel, The Clash of Civilizations: Remaking of the World Order London:
Touchtone Books, 1997 (March 19)
ILO, International Labour Report: Employment and labour Incomes Government and Its
Employees. Geneva: ILO, 1989
*The International Financial Institution Advisory Commission (The Meltzer Commission)
Report. Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, March, 2000 (April 9)
*Jones, Philip W. World Bank Financing of Education: Lending Learning and Development,
Routledge, London, 1992 (February 4)
*King, Kenneth, and Lene Buchert (eds.) Changing International AID to Education: Global
Patterns and National Contexts Paris: UNESCO/NORRAG, 1999 (April 16)
Narayan, Deepa, Voices of the Poor: Can Anyone Hear Us? London: Oxford University Press (on
behalf of the World Bank), 2000
Oxfam, Education Now: Breaking the Cycle of Poverty Oxford: OXFAM, 1999
Patrinos, Harry Anthony and David Lakshmanan Ariasingam, Decentralization of Education:
Demand-Side Financing. Washington D.C.: The World Bank, 1997.
*Psacharopoulos, George, Tan, Jee Peng, and Jimenez, Emmanuel Financing Education in
Developing Countries: An Exploration of Policy Options. Washington D.C.: The World Bank,
1986. (February 4)
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Tomasevski, Katarina. Annual Report of the Special Raporteur on the Right to Education,
August 12, 2000.
UNDP, Human Development Report 1999 New York: UNDP, 1999
UNESCO The Right to Education: Towards Education for all Throughout Life, World Education
Report, 2000 Paris: UNESCO, 2000
UNICEF, Education: State of the World’s Children, 1999 New York City: UNICEF, 1999
UNICEF Education for All? The MONEE Project for the Central and Eastern Europe the CIS and
the Baltics Florence: UNICEF, 1998
US General Accounting Office, The World Bank: Management Controls Stronger, but Challenges
Remain. Washington DC, April, 2000 (April 4).
*Vasquez, Ian (editor) Global Fortune: The Stumble and Rise of World Capitalism. Washington
D.C. : The Cato Institute, 2000 (March 26)
World Bank, Annual Report, Washington DC: World Bank, 2000
-----------------, Entering the 21 st Century World Development Report, 1999/2000 Washington
D.C.: The World Bank, 2000
*------------------, Priorities and Strategies for Education: A World Bank Review. Washington
D.C., World Bank, 1995 (February 12)
*-------------------, Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: Policies for Adjustment, Revitalization and
Expansion. Washington D.C. : The World Bank, 1988. (February 12)
-------------------, Higher Education: The Lessons of Experience. Washington D.C., The World
Bank, 1994
*-------------------, The Quality of Growth Washington D.C.: World Bank, 2000 (April 16)
*---------------, World Development Report 2000/2001 Attacking Poverty. Washington D.C.:
World Bank, 2000 (April 16)
11
World Bank Documents
Since 1994, most internal documents of the World Bank are made available to the public. A list
of the documents on education will be distributed in class. This list consists of about 600 titles in
three categories:
Loan appraisal reports. These are official loan proposals, approved by the government
and the Board.
Economic, sector and research documents. These are reports for the generation of
discussion on specific issues, but which carry no direct obligation on the bank or its
member states.
Policy papers. These are documents, widely discussed with borrowers and other
development assistance agencies, and approved by the Board.
Any document can be obtained through the World Bank Web Site under ‘Infoshop’. Documents
may be read on line for free, printed out (one page at a time) for free, or ordered at a cost of about
$20. If there is any problem in accessing World Bank documents, please contact:
Hanna Jude
Information Officer, InfoShop
World Bank
1818 H Street, N.W.
Washington D.C., 20433
Tel: 202 473 - 1194
Fax: 202 614 – 1194
Email: hjude@worldbank.org
Mention should be made that this is associated with the course at Vanderbilt University taught by
Stephen Heyneman.
Examples of World Bank documents have been obtained and placed on reserve. These include:
Staff Appraisal Reports
Higher Education Reform Project, Republic of Hungary, January 30, 1998
Higher Education Reform Project, People’s Republic of China, April 14, 1999
Higher Education Support Project: Development of Undergraduate Education, Indonesia, May
22, 1996.
Higher Education Management Support Project, Republic of Guinea, November 6, 1995
Higher Education Project, Republic of Senegal, May 7, 1996
Reform of Higher Education and Research Project, Romania, August 26, 1996
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Economic, Sector and Research Reports
China: Management And Finance of Higher Education, 1986
China: Higher Education Reform, June 27, 1996
Simon Schwartzman, Higher Education in Brazil: the Stakeholders, October, 1998
Michael Crawford and Lauritz Holm-Nielsen, Brazilian Higher Education: Characteristics and
Challenges, October, 1998
Thomas Owen Eisemon, Private Initiatives and Traditions of State Control in Higher Education
in Sub-Saharan Africa, January, 1992.
Thomas Owen Eisemon and Lauritz Holm-Nielsen, Reforming Higher Education Systems: Some
Lessons to Guide Policy Implementation, April, 1995
Keith Hinchliffe, Higher Education in Sub-Saharan Africa, August, 1985
Peter T. Knight and Sulaiman S. Wasty, Comparative Resource Allocations to Human Resource
Development in Asia, Europe, and Latin America, 1991.
Donald R. Winkler, Higher Education in Latin America: Issues of Efficiency and Equity, 1990.
Mary Jean Bowman, Benoit Millot, Ernesto Schiefelbein, The Political Economy of Public
Support of Higher Education: Studies of Chile, France, and Malaysia. June, 1986
Rosemary Bellew and Jseph DeStefano, Costs and Finance of Higher Education in Pakistan,
1991.
Jee Peng Tan and Alain Mingat, Education in Asia: A Comparative Study of Costs and
Financing, 1992
Emmanuel Jimenez and Jee Peng Tan, Selecting the Brightest for Post-Secondary Education in
Colombia: The Impact of Equity, February, 1987.
Internal World Bank Discussions
Debates over Higher Education
Debates over Educational Policy
Debates over Professional Credibility (with the outside world)
These documents will be held on reserve. They may not be circulated.
13