Medical Genetics (BIOL 3327)
Review questions for exam I (part I)
Chapter 2. The cellular and molecular basis of inheritance
DNA: the hereditary material
1. nucleic acid
2. nucleotide
3. transforming principle
4. Fredrick Griffith
5. isotope
6. X-ray diffraction
7. Rosalind Franklin
8. ribose
9. deoxyribose
10. nitrogenous base
11. purine
12. pyrimidine
13. adenine
14. guanine
15. cytosine
16. thymine
17. uracil
18. phosphate group
19. phosphodiester bond
20. deoxyribonucleotide
21. 5’ end
22. 3’ end
23. antiparallel
24. complementary base pairing
In this section, students are expected to be able to
1. draw the basic structure of DNA
2. explain the difference between DNA and RNA molecules
3. describe briefly the experiment performed by Fredrick Griffith
4. describe the DNA model proposed by Watson and Crick.
5. describe briefly contributions made by Rosalind Franklin to the DNA structure
model proposed by Watson and Crick.
Replication
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
origin of replication
leading strand
lagging strand
DNA polymerase
DNA ligase
Okazaki fragment
semiconservative
In this section, students are expected to be able to
8. describe the DNA replication process
9. explain basic functions of DNA polymerase in the DNA replication
Chromosome Structure
1. chromatin
2. chromosome
3. histone protein
4. nucleosome
5. centromere
6. homologous chromosome
7. non-homologous chromosome
8. chromatid
9. sister chromatid
10. cytogenetics
11. karyotype
Types of DNA sequence
1. genome
2. repetitive sequence
3. nuclear gene
4. single copy gene
5. multigene family
6. gene superfamily
7. exon
8. intron
9. promoter
10. transcription termination
11. transcription initiation
12. extragenic DNA
13. satellite DNA
14. telomeric DNA
15. highly repetitive interspersed repetitive DNA sequence
16. SINE sequence
17. Alu sequence
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18. LINE
19. mitochondrial DNA
Transcription
1. transcription
2. messenger RNA (mRNA)
3. template strand
4. sense (coding) strand
5. promoter
6. TATA box
7. terminator
8. RNA processing
9. exon
10. intron
11. RNA splicing
12. alternative splicing
13. 5’ capping
14. poly(A) tail
15. polyadenylation
16. acceptor site
17. donor site
18. pre-mRNA
19. mature mRNA
20. tRNA
21. rRNA
In this section, the students are expected to be able to
22. explain the relationship among the template strand, sense (coding) strand, and
mRNA
23. describe the structure and function of mRNA
24. list the major categories of RNA
25. describe the major events in transcription
26. describe the functions of RNA polymerase, mRNA, ribosomes, and tRNA
27. distinguish between the pre-mRNA and mature mRNA
28. describe the locations of pre-mRNA and mature mRNA
29. describe the major events in the post-transcriptional modification of mRNA
30. explain the biological significance of alternative mRNA splicing
Translation
1. translation
2. ribosome
3. tRNA
3
4. rRNA
5. polypeptide
6. genetic code
7. codon
8. reading frame
9. codon degeneracy
10. codon redundancy
11. anticodon
12. initiation codon
In this section, the students are expected to be able to
13. describe the key players in the translation
14. describe the major events in the translation
15. use the genetic codon table to translate the mRNA sequences to protein
sequences
16. explain the codon redundancy
Chapter 2 Chromosomes and cell division
Human Chromosomes
1. chromatin
2. chromosome
3. histone protein
4. nucleosome
5. centromere
6. homologous chromosome
7. non-homologous chromosome
8. chromatid
9. sister chromatid
10. cytogenetics
11. autosome
12. sex chromosome
13. karyotype
14. gene
15. DNA marker
16. locus (loci)
17. allele
18. metaphase plate
Cell division and gametogenesis
1.
2.
3.
4.
mitotic spindle
interphase
gap 1 (G1)
synthesis phase (S)
4
5. gap 2 (G2)
6. prophase
7. prometaphase
8. metaphase
9. anaphase
10. telophase
11. cytokinesis
12. fertilization
13. zygote
14. pachytene
15. autosome
16. sex chromosome
17. synapsis
18. synaptonemal complex
19. chiasma
20. crossing over
21. gamete
22. testes
23. ovary
24. oocyte
25. primary spermatocyte
26. primary oocyte
27. spermatid
28. sperm cell
29. spermatogonial cell
30. oogonia
31. genotype
32. phenotype
33. homozygote
34. heterozygote
35. polar body
36. bivalent
37. trait
38. non-disjunction
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