Animal Disease Surveillance and Risk Analysis
Dr Larry Granger, Director
Larry.M.Granger@aphis.usda.gov
Cristóbal Zepeda – OIE contact
2150 Centre Av. Building B, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526 USA
Tel.: (1-970) 494-7001, Fax: (1-970) 494-7229
ceah@aphis.usda.gov ; cristobal.zepeda@aphis.usda.gov
Summary of activities specifically related to the mandate of
OIE Collaborating Centres
1.
Activities as a centre of research, expertise, standardisation and dissemination of techniques
within the remit of the mandate given by the OIE
Dr Charles Fossler presented results from the National Johne's Disease Demonstration Herd Project at the 9th
International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis held Oct. 29-Nov. 2, 2007 in Tsukuba, Japan. The meeting serves as
a forum to advance paratuberculosis (Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is the causative agent of Johne's Disease)
research and knowledge and covers every aspect of paratuberculosis research from applied science on control
programs at the herd, state, and national level to molecular biology and diagnostics.
Dr Dave Dargatz traveled to Tokyo, Japan November 16-21, 2007 to participate in a symposium at the University
of Tokyo titled "Frontier in Epidemiology and Risk Assessment for Food Safety". Dr Dargatz's presentation was
on the role of epidemiology in understanding and solving the issue of antimicrobial resistance.
Dr Jason Lombard was invited to attend a Johne’s workshop, November 26-28, 2007 in Unterägeri, Switzerland.
The Swiss foundation, Transmissible Animal Diseases and Food Safety (TAFS), in collaboration with the Food
and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), organized the
workshop on bovine Paratuberculosis (pTB) / Johne's disease (JD) and its etiological agent (Mycobacterium avium
paratuberculosis –MaP).
Drs Bruce Wagner and Cristóbal Zepeda reviewed and provided comment on two surveillance protocols for FMD
and Rinderpest for Jordan.
Dr Cristóbal Zepeda reviewed and provided comment on a surveillance protocol for avian influenza in Peru.
Antimicrobial use monitoring discussions with Canadian health groups:
Dr David Dargatz continues to be a member of the Canadian Integrated Program on Antimicrobial Resistance
Surveillance (CIPARS) on-farm monitoring advisory group.
Dr Josie Traub-Dargatz presented highlights from NAHMS Equine 2005 study at the Infectious Diseases
Committee at the American Association of Equine Practitioners meeting in December 2007; this committee
meeting was attended by Dr Richard Newton of the UK and Dr Gilkerson of Australia. This allowed these
international visitors to understand the design and reporting based on this national study of the equine industry in
the U.S.
2.
Proposal or development of any procedure that will facilitate harmonisation of international
regulations applicable to the surveillance and control of animal diseases, food safety and animal
welfare
Finalization and publication of a new methodology to qualitatively assess risk of disease emergence in the
following document. Assessing Infectious Disease Emergence Potential in the U.S. Aquaculture Industry. Phase 2:
Infectious Disease Emergence Qualitative Risk Assessment Tool: Development. Phase 3: Infectious Disease
Emergence Qualitative Risk Assessment Tool: Application and Results
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2007
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Animal Disease Surveillance and Risk Analysis
3.
Placement of expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE
Per the MOU with OIE, the Center for Emerging Issues (CEI) shares animal health information regarding possible
emerging animal health events obtained from news sources, list servers and other electronic sources with OIE
Headquarters.
During 2007, Dr Victoria Bridges was on assignment to the FAO/OIE Crisis Management Centre at FAO
Headquarters in Rome, Italy. Dr Bridges provided epidemiological expertise to the CMC as the Risk
Manager/Situation Officer. Additionally, she participated in GLEWS activities. Dr Barbara Corso replaced
Dr Bridges and will on temporary assignment with the CMC.
Drs Steve Sweeney and Cristóbal Zepeda participated in the GLEWS emerging disease identification and analysis
working group meeting held at FAO Headquarters in Rome, Italy, April 2007.
Dr Cristóbal Zepeda participated in the following:
Meeting of the OIE group on Epidemiology. Created draft guidelines for the application of compartmentalization.
Paris, France, January 7-9.
Meeting of the OIE group on Epidemiology. Review of guidelines on surveillance for Avian influenza and
Newcastle disease, review of the definition of containment zones and the use of buffer zones. Paris, France, June
18-22.
Adaptation of an OIE document on compartmentalization for AI and ND to follow the OIE guidelines on
compartmentalization.
Revision of the Spanish translation of the OIE Aquatic Manual.
Meeting of the OIE-FAO Network on Avian Influenza (OFFLU) steering committee. Verona, Italy March, 22.
Meeting of the OIE ad hoc group on information systems to review the OIE list of diseases, Paris September 3-4
Meeting of the OIE group on epidemiology to develop surveillance guidelines for Rinderpest. Paris September 5-7
Member of the OIE follow-up mission to South America to assess the FMD situation. December 8-16. A report
was submitted to the OIE Scientific Commission
Other activities related to the mandate
of OIE Collaborating Centres
4.
Provision of scientific and technical training, within the remit of the mandate given by the OIE, to
personnel from Member Countries of the OIE
Participation on June 11 – 12 in a scientific symposium on poultry vaccination strategies for highly pathogenic
avian influenza viruses in Jakarta, Indonesia. A presentation was given on Geospatial Strategies in Planning a
Avian Influenza Vaccination Campaign.
Spatial epidemiology training in Bamako, Mali, on August 20 – 29, 2007, to 15 veterinary epidemiologists from
Mali, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Cameroon, and Gambia.
Spatial epidemiology training in Tangerang, Indonesia, on October 22 – 28, to 50 animal and public health
workers for part 1 of the course and to 20 animal and public health epidemiologists for part 2 of the course.
Introduction to Epidemiologic Simulation Modeling Course The course addressed concepts of disease spread and
control from the perspective of the modeler. Epidemiologists, veterinarians, graduate students, and other
employees in the fields of animal health and preparedness planning from the United States, Canada, Ireland, and
Uganda attended.
Risk analysis training for visiting scientists from the Russian Federal Centre for Animal Health.
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Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2007
Animal Disease Surveillance and Risk Analysis
Risk analysis training for Taiwanese animal health officials.
Training in animal disease outbreak economic consequence analysis for Argentinean animal health officials.
International course on Avian influenza epidemiology for Middle Eastern countries Cairo, Egypt, January 29February 2
International course on avian influenza epidemiology for Western African countries Dakar, Senegal March 5-9.
International course on avian influenza epidemiology for Eastern European countries Vienna, Austria, May 14-18.
Basic epidemiology course held in Taipei for Taiwanese officials Taiwan from October 22-26.
Dr Ken Forsythe participated on a joint OIE-FAO epidemiology course in Burma (Myanmar)
International visitors hosted at CEAH:
Date
Visitor Group
Guest list
Objective
5/16/2007
Ethiopian Delegation
1. Dr Aberra Deressa Wirtu, State
Minister, Minister of Agriculture &
Rural Development
The purpose for this Mission was to learn
about the organization and operation of
APHIS, a federal agency, with
responsibility for facilitating the safe
trade (export and import) of animal and
plants, resolution of trade barrier issues
with trading partners, certifying the
health of animals, plants and related
products for export and interstate
(regional) commerce, verify and
document pest and disease status in US,
respond to emergencies (response
planning, surveillance, quick detections,
containment, and eradication), ensure
safe research, release and movement of
biotechnologies, veterinary biologics and
other organisms and to learn how APHIS
serves these responsibilities in
cooperation and in coordination with
state (regional) animal/plant health
agencies.
2. Dr Berhe Gebreegziabher
Tekola, Director, National
veterinary institute
3. Dr Sintayehu Abditcho Badebo,
program Coordinator, National
animal Heal Reference Centre
4. -Dr Alemayehu Mekonnen
Anbessie, Senior Expert in
Veterinary Public health,
Inspection and Quarantine of
Animal Health Department
5. Ato Melese Haile Teferi, Plant
Quarantine Pathologist, Plant
Protection Department
6. - Dr Wondwosen Asfaw
Awoke, Veterinary Epidemiologist,
SPS-LMM Program Escort: Dr
Konrad Eugster, Texas Veterinary
Medical Diagnostic laboratory,
Retired
6/4/2007
Taiwan
1. Dr Watson Sung of Taiwan,
Director General BAPHIQ, Taiwan
2. Shu-Young Chang, Director,
Division of Plant Quarantine
3. - Lou Vanechanos, International
Services
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2007
Interested in the epidemiological aspect
of things, as BAPHIQ annually sends
Vets to the Int’l Epidemiological course
held at CEAH. Also, an overview on the
animal health surveillance work, which
monitors disease outbreaks from around
the world.
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Animal Disease Surveillance and Risk Analysis
Date
Visitor Group
Guest list
Objective
6/25-29/2007
EPI Training – Iraq
1. Dr Bob Kadlec, Director for
Biodefense and Public health at
PRTM
EPI Training Course
2. Dr Barbara Solow, Principal,
PRTM Management Consultants
6/27/2007
Cochran Fellowship
1. Mr. Suren Sargsyan,
Veterinarian, Animal Disease
inspections and Information
Systems Division, Veterinary
Medicine and Epidemiology
Department, Ministry of
Agriculture, Yerevan, Armenia
2. Ms. Margarit Vardanyan,
Senior Specialist of the State
Veterinary inspection, ministry of
Agriculture, Yerevan, Armenia
3. Dr Koba Dzamashvili, head of
the Veterinary Supervision
Department, national Service of
Food Safety, Veterinary and Plant
protection, Ministry of Agriculture,
Tbilisi, Georgia
7/2/2007
China SPS Leadership
1. Mr. Wang Dong, Division
Director, I/E Food Safety Bureau,
General Administration of Quality
Supervision, inspection and
Quarantine, Beijing
2. Mr. BI Zhonglin, Officer, WTO
Affairs, International Cooperation
Department, AQSIQ, Beijing
3. Mr. Wan Nailu, Officer, FSD,
Department of Food Standards,
Standards Administration of China,
Beijing
Topics Covered:
Infectious disease control
Coordination of various vet agencies
Information systems, data
bases/notification
Monitoring/surveillance of animal
disease
Public awareness/work w/farmers
International Animal Health standards
and regulations
Software/maintenance
Charts methods of reports
Animal Identification
Animal Disease prevention/control
BSE/TB/Anthrax, FMD
With the ongoing effort to work through
the pathogen and residue issues,
(ractopamine/hormones in particular)
with China, (Kevin Smith, Assist.
Director, Export Services, US Meat
Export Federation) we are engaged in a
Global Based initiative project this
summer, This will offer a variety of
different agencies from training; part of
the USDA ongoing capacity building
programs. Overview of CEAH.
4. Mr. You Xuan, Deputy
Director, animal Quarantine
Division, Heilongjiang Province,
Commodity Inspection and
Quarantine Bureau, Harbin
5. Mr. Fagn Jin, Section chief,
animal quarantine Division,
Sichuan Province, Chengdu
6. Mr. Zheng Yuhong, Officer,
Food Supervision Division,
Guangdong province, Guangzhou
7. Ms. Li Huijiao,
Professor/Division Director, China
Institute of Veterinary Drug
Control, Beijing
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Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2007
Animal Disease Surveillance and Risk Analysis
Date
Visitor Group
Guest list
Objective
8. Mr. Zhang Yanhai, Assistant
Professor, Pathogenic Microbe Test
laboratory for Animals and Animal
Products, china Animal Health and
Epidemiology Center, Ministry of
Agriculture, Beijing
9. Dr (Mr.) Zhang Zhicheng,
Associate Professor/Epizootic
Analyst, China Animal Health and
Epidemiology Center, MOA,
Beijing
10. Mr. Zhao Zhenbin, Supervisor
General, Food Safety supervision
Department, State Food and Drug
Administration, Beijing
11. Mr. Qui Congqian, Officer,
Shanghai Food and Drug
Administration, Shanghai
12. Mr. SHI Genshen, Officer,
Food and Cosmetics Division,
Bureau of Health Supervision,
Ministry of Health, Beijing
13. Ms. Li Xiaoyu, Assistant
Professor, National Center for
Health Inspections and
Supervision, Beijing
Ms. Mao Xuedan, Assistant
Professor, National institute of
Nutrition and Food Safety, china
Center for Disease control, Beijing
7/3/3007
Iraqi Visitors
1. Dr Bob Kadlec, Director for
Biodefense and Public health at
PRTM
EMRS and AHSM overview
2. Dr Barbara Solow, Principal,
PRTM Management Consultants
7/16/2007
International Visitor
Leadership Program
7/16/2007
Afghanistan Animal
Health
1. Mr. Ma Guiping, Director,
Technical Center and BSE Test lab,
Entry/Exit Inspection and
Quarantine Bureau, Beijing
1.
Dr Osmani, Chief Veterinary
Officer for Afghanistan
2. Dr Safi, Executive Director of
the Afghan Veterinary Association
Examine the differential diagnosis
methods of lamb BSE and Scrapie;
Chronic Wasting Disease – including
sampling technology
Risk Assessment techniques
Interested in learning a bout some of
CEAH’s national Surveillance Program,
how they coordinate activities and
compile and analyze the data.
3. Robert Smith, APHIS
international Visitor Services
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2007
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Animal Disease Surveillance and Risk Analysis
5.
Organisation of scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE
None this year
6.
Coordination of scientific and technical studies in collaboration with other laboratories or
organisations
The North American Animal Disease Spread Model (NAADSM) continues to be developed with broad
international support to assist policy development and decision making involving disease incursions. The
NAADSM project team consists of representatives from the University of Guelph, Canada; Colorado State
University, United States; United States Department of Agriculture, United States; Canadian Food Inspection
Agency, Canada; and the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs, Canada.
Collaboration with other organizations and officials in responding to a Rift Valley Fever outbreak in Kenya.
(Specific details are in publications listed in item (7) below.)
Ongoing consultation and coordination with Argentinean animal health officials on consequence analysis and
compensation programs.
Dr David Dargatz:
Continued collaboration with Ministry of Agriculture and veterinary faculty in Uruguay to analyze and publish
results of surveys of prevalence of Salmonella and E. coli O157 on cattle farms and evaluation of the antimicrobial
resistance profiles of these organisms and commensal enteric E. coli.
Continued collaboration with veterinary faculty from the Institute of Hygiene to evaluate and publish descriptions
of historical collections of Salmonella isolates from animal-related sources regarding antimicrobial resistance
profiles. Collaborative review process continues.
Continued collaboration with Ministry of Agriculture to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of bluetongue
virus and potential vectors of bluetongue virus throughout Uruguay. Supported efforts of the veterinary faculty and
Ministry of Agriculture to publish reports of their animal-health status in the peer-reviewed literature. Current
manuscript in process focus on prevalence of exposure to Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis virus and Bovine
Viral Diarrhea virus.
Dr Steve Weber, at the request of USDA Foreign Agriculture Service, traveled to Afghanistan in November to
review the current status of various animal disease surveillance initiatives sponsored by several countries.
Recommendations were made which focused on initiatives and providing timely input to the OIE.
7.
Publication and dissemination of any information within the remit of the mandate given by the
OIE that may be useful to Member Countries of the OIE
Dairy
Off-Site Heifer Raising on U.S. Dairy Operations, 2007 (info sheet, 4 p., 11/07)
Dairy Cattle Identification Practices in the United States, 2007 (info sheet, 2 p., 11/07)
NAHMS Dairy 2007 Part I: Reference of Dairy Cattle Health and Management Practices in the United States,
2007 (pdf, 122 p., 10/07 and info sheet 2p., 10/07)
Determining U.S. Milk Quality Using Bulk Tank Somatic Cell Counts, 2006 (info sheet, 4p., 6/07)
Determining U.S. Milk Quality Using Bulk Tank Somatic Cell Counts, 2005 (info sheet, 3p., 1/07)
Lombard J, Garry F, Tomlinson S, Garber L. Impacts of dystocia on health and survival of dairy calves. Journal of
Dairy Science, 90: 1751–1760, 2007
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Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2007
Animal Disease Surveillance and Risk Analysis
Wenz, J, Jenson S, Lombard J, Wagner B, Dinsmore R. Herd management practices and their association with
bulk tank somatic cell count on United States dairy operations. Journal of Dairy Science, 90: 3652-3659, 2007
Equine
Equine 2005: Baseline Reference of Equine Health Management Strategies at Equine Events in Six States, 2005
(pdf, 69 p, 05/07)
Equine 2005 Part II: Changes in the U.S. Equine Industry, 1998 - 2005 (pdf, 69 p., 3/07)
USDA releases Equine 2005. Feedstuffs, April 30, 2007, p. 15
Equine 2005, Part II: Changes in the U. S. Equine Industry, 1988-2005. Centers for Epidemiology and Animal
Health, USDA:APHIS:VS Fort Collins, Colorado, N452.0307, 69p., March 2007
Equine 2005 Baseline Reference of Equine Health Management Strategies at Equine Events in Six States, 2005,
Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, USDA:APHIS:VS Fort Collins, Colorado, N456.0507 , 69p., May
2007
Highlights of Equine 2005 Baseline Reference of Equine Health Management Strategies at Equine Events in Six
States, 2005 (info sheet, 6/07)
Highlights of Equine 2005 Part II: Changes in the U.S. Equine Industry 1998-2005 (info sheet, 3/07)
Demographics of the U.S. Equine Population (info sheet, 3/07)
Trends in Equine Infectious Anemia Testing (EIA), 1998 - 2005 (info sheet, 3/07)
Trends in Equine Mortality, 1998 - 2005 (info sheet, 3/07)
Trends in Biosecurity Practices on U.S. Equine Operations (info sheet, 3/07)
Wise use of antibacterial drugs. Equine Disease Quarterly, October 2007
Movement of U.S. Equids, 2005 (info sheet, 3/07)
Sheep
Sheep and Lamb Predator Death Loss in the United States, 2004 (pdf, 40 p., 9/07)
Non-predator death loss report valuable to industry. Sheep Industry News, February 2007, p., 1-2
Swine
USDA Releases Fourth National Swine Study. National Hog Farmer, November 15, 2007
Individual pig care, a key reason for vet call. Feedstuffs, November 26, 2007
NAHMS Swine 2006 Part I: Reference of Swine Health and Management Practices in the United States, 2006
(pdf, 87 p., 10/07)
NAHMS Swine 2006 Part I: Reference of Swine Health and Management Practices in the United States, 2006
(pdf, 87 p., 10/07)
Beef
USDA to examine health management in beef industry. Cattlenetwork, September 2007.
USDA and NAHMS seek input for design of national beef study. Bovine Veterinarian, January 2007, p., 26
Cattle and Calves Non-predator Death Loss in the United States, 2005 (pdf, 68 p., 5/07)
Cattle and Calves Nonpredator Death Loss in the United States 2005. Centers for Epidemiology and Animal
Health, USDA:APHIS:VS Fort Collins, Colorado, N452.0507, 68p., May 2007
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2007
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Animal Disease Surveillance and Risk Analysis
Catfish
Stocking densities under single and multiple-batch practices. The Catfish Journal, February 2007, p., 20-21.
Animal Health Report
2006 U.S. Animal Health Report (pdf, 178p, 9/07)
Miscelaneous
Assessing Infectious Disease Emergence Potential in the U.S. Aquaculture Industry. Phase 1: U.S. Aquaculture
Industry Profile. Phase 2: Infectious Disease Emergence Qualitative Risk Assessment Tool: Development. Phase
3: Infectious Disease Emergence Qualitative Risk Assessment Tool: Application and Results
Impact Worksheets: 7 reports assessing disease outbreaks occurring around the world, including the affected
country’s production and trade situation and analyzing the potential impact to the United States due to disease
outbreaks. Center for Emerging Issues, Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, USDA:APHIS:VS Fort
Collins, Colorado. January - December 2007. . http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/ceah/cei/
Emerging Disease Notices: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Summary of Neurologic EHV-1
Outbreaks, January 1 - June 30, 2007, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) in Vietnam and
China, Equine Herpes Virus: Myeloencephalopathy: A Potentially Emerging Disease. Center for Emerging Issues,
Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, USDA:APHIS:VS Fort Collins, Colorado. August 2005.
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/ceah/cei/
Summary of Selected Disease Events: Four updates reviewing selected animal disease events around the world.
Center for Emerging Issues, Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, USDA:APHIS:VS Fort Collins,
Colorado. January - December 2007. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/ceah/cei/
Dr Jerry Freier served as co-editor of a special volume Veterinaria Italiana (Vol. 43, no. 3, July – September 2007)
on geographic information systems and their role in veterinary activities.
Fitzmaurice, P. L., J. E. Freier, and K. D. Geter. 2007. Geospatial field applications within the United States
Department of Agriculture, Veterinary Services. Veterinaria Italiana, 43(3):477-482.
Freier, J. E., R. S. Miller, and K. D. Geter. 2007. Geospatial analysis and modeling in the prevention and control
of animal diseases in the United States. Veterinaria Italiana, 43(3):549-557.
Farnsworth, M. L., J. A. Hoeting, N. T. Hobbs, M. M. Conner, K. P. Burnham, L. L. Wolfe, E. S. Williams, D. M.
Theobald, and M. W. Miller. 2007. Veterinaria Italiana, 43(3):581-593.
Linthicum, K. J. and co-authors. 2007. A Rift Valley fever risk surveillance system for Africa using remotely
sensed data: potential for use on other continents. 2007. Veterinaria Italiana, 43(3):663-674.
Maroney, S. M., M. J. McCool, K. D. Geter, and A. M. James. 2007. The evolution of internet-based map server
applications in the United States Department of Agriculture, Veterinary Services. Veterinaria Italiana, 43(3):723730.
Britch SC, Linthicum KJ, Rift Valley Fever Working Group. Developing a research agenda and a comprehensive
national prevention and response plan for Rift Valley fever in the United States. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the
Internet]. 2007 Aug [Accessed 25 January 2008]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/8/e1.htm
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2007 Feb 2;56(4):73-6. Rift Valley fever outbreak--Kenya, November 2006January 2007.
N. Harvey et al. The North American Animal Disease Spread Model: A simulation model to assist decision
making in evaluating animal disease incursions. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 82 (2007) 176-197.
Zepeda C. and Salman M.D. (2007). Assessing the probability of the presence of low pathogenicity avian
influenza virus in exported chicken meat. Avian Diseases, 51: 344-351
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Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2007
Animal Disease Surveillance and Risk Analysis
Zepeda C. (2007). The Role of Diagnostic Laboratories in Support of Animal Disease Surveillance Systems.
Lombard M, Dodet B, the OIE Scientific & Technical Department (eds): First International Conference of the OIE
Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres. Dev Biol (Basel). Basel, Karger, 2007, vol 128, pp 139-143.
Zepeda C. (2007). Highly pathogenic avian influenza in domestic poultry and wild birds: a risk analysis
framework. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 43(3 Supplement): 51-54.
C. Zepeda, J.B. Jones & F.J. Zagmutt (2008). - Compartmentalisation in aquaculture production systems. Rev. sci.
tech. Off. int. Epiz., 2008, 27 (1), 229-241.
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