Section Cover Page
Section 32 14 13
Interlocking Concrete
Paving Stones
2010-10-01
Use this Section to specify requirements for Interlocking Concrete Paving Stones laid on sand and
granular base with sand filled joints used in walks, patios, parking areas, driveways, roads and
landscape features.
This Master Specification Section contains:
.1
This Cover Sheet
.2
Specification Section Text:
1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
General
Related Requirements
Reference Documents
Submittals
Quality Assurance
Testing
Delivery, Storage And Handling
Extra Materials
Measurement And Payment
2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
Products
Crushed Gravel Granular Base
Bedding And Joint Sand
Interlocking Concrete Paving Stone
Geotextile Fabric
Paver Edge Restraints
3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
Execution
Examination
Subgrade Preparation
Geotextile Fabric
Crushed Gravel Granular Base
Sand Bedding Course
Interlocking Paving Stone Installation
Edge Restraint Installation
Clean-Up, Repair And Protection
BMS Basic Master Specification
Alberta Infrastructure
Master Specification System
Page 0
Section 32 14 13
Interlocking Concrete
Paving Stones
Page 1
Plan No:
Project ID:
1.
General
1.1
RELATED REQUIREMENTS
.1
.2
1.2
Fill Materials:
Site Excavating, Filling, and Grading:
Section 31 05 13.
Section 31 23 10.
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
.1
Canadian General Standards Board (CGSB):
.1
.2
1.3
CAN/CGSB-148.1M03
Methods of Testing Geosynthetics
Canadian Standards Association (CSA):
.1
CSA A231.1-06/
A231.2-06
Precast Concrete Paving Slabs/Precast Concrete Pavers.
.2
CAN/CSA-A23.1-09/
A23.2-09
Concrete Materials and Methods of Concrete
Construction/Methods of Test for Concrete.
.3
CSA-080 Series-08
Wood Preservations.
SUBMITTALS
.1
Samples:
.1
2010-10-01 BMS Version
Submit samples in accordance with [Section 01 33 00 – Submittal Procedures]
[Division 01].
.1
Duplicate full size samples of each type and colour of paving stone and
product data.
.2
Material samples and source. Submit sieve analysis for gradation of
duplicate crushed gravel, bedding and joint sand materials as requested by
Minister.
.3
Current certified test results from an independent testing laboratory
certifying that interlocking paving stones comply with specified CSA test
requirements.
.4
Sample of geotextile fabric including manufacturer’s product data and
recommendations.
Section 32 14 13
Interlocking Concrete
Paving Stones
Page 2
Plan No:
Project ID:
.2
Shop Drawings:
.1
Submit shop drawings in accordance with [Section 01 33 00 – Submittal
Procedures] [Division 01].
.1
Clearly indicate layout, pattern and relationship of paving joints to fixtures
and project formed details.
SPEC NOTE: Edit or delete submittal requests where not required for size of project.
SPEC NOTE: Shop drawings are not normally required. Include only if special features, patterns or
conditions are a requirement.
1.4
QUALITY ASSURANCE
.1
Installation of paving stone work shall be performed by experienced qualified personnel
employed by a firm regularly engaged in installation of interlocking paving stones.
.2
Construct sample mock-up of paving stone area, minimum 3.0 m x 3.0 m or as directed
by Minister on site, to determine joint sizes, lines, colour selection, and laying patterns.
Mock-up may be retained as part of finished work if acceptable to Minister.
1.5
TESTING
.1
Minister may appoint and pay for services of testing agency to perform earthwork quality
control testing and related functions that Minister determines necessary to perform.
.2
Density tests may be performed before and during granular fill placement operations to
ensure that specified minimum compaction requirements are met as determined by
Minister.
.3
Imported fill materials may be tested, before placement, for conformance with specified
fill requirements and to confirm suitability for intended uses.
.4
Cooperate with testing agency in testing for compaction and fill material sampling.
Provide minimum 1 m3 on site of each type of imported fill material.
.5
Contractor will be responsible for payment of any subsequent testing required due to
initial test failures.
2010-10-01 BMS Version
Section 32 14 13
Interlocking Concrete
Paving Stones
Page 3
Plan No:
Project ID:
1.6
DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING
.1
Deliver concrete pavers and accessories to site in such a matter that no damage occurs
during shipping, handling, and storage.
.2
Cover bedding and joint sand delivered to site with waterproof covering to prevent
exposure to rain or removal by wind. Secure covering in place.
.3
Coordinate delivery and installation to minimize interference with building use.
1.7
EXTRA MATERIALS
SPEC NOTE: Specify extra material required to be left on site. Delete item if extra materials are not
required by Minister. Ensure that storage space is available before specifying extra materials.
.1
1.8
Provide Minister with spare paving stone units of each type and colour for future
maintenance and repair from same supply of material as installed on site. Supply
sufficient units for approximately 2 m2 [
m2] of pavement or as directed by Minister.
MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
SPEC NOTE: For Unit Price Contracts only. Delete item or edit as required.
.1
Payment will be made at the contract unit price per square metre for each paving stone
unit specified and installed and per lineal metre for each paver edge restraint unit
specified and installed. Each payment shall be full compensation for all labour,
equipment and material necessary to complete each item of work as specified.
.2
Items of Work for Payment: each item of work shall be completed in accordance with the
contract requirements and manufacturer’s recommendations.
.1
Concrete Paving Stone: work shall include all [excavation and grading], subgrade
preparation and compaction, installation of geotextile fabric, placement and
compaction of granular base, placement of sand bed, setting and compaction of
paving stones, placement of joint sand, site clean up and all other work and
materials incidental thereto.
.2
Paver Edge Restraint: work shall include installation of [timber] [plastic] [
]
paver edge restraint, site clean up and all other work and materials incidental
thereto.
2.
Products
2.1
CRUSHED GRAVEL GRANULAR BASE
.1
2010-10-01 BMS Version
Crushed gravel sub-base: as specified in Section 31 05 13.
Section 32 14 13
Interlocking Concrete
Paving Stones
Page 4
Plan No:
Project ID:
2.2
BEDDING AND JOINT SAND
.1
Bedding Sand: as specified in Section 31 05 13.
.2
Joint Sand: fine dry sand free of soluble salts or contaminates. Sand shall comply with
the following CSA gradation requirements:
.3
Fill Type
Sieve Size
Joint Sand
5.00 mm
2.50 mm
1.25 mm
0.63 mm
0.315 mm
0.160 mm
0.075 mm
% Passing By Weight
100
90-100
85-100
65-95
15-80
0-35
0-1
Polymeric Joint Sand Stabilizer: manufactured mixture of graded sand and polymer
binder especially formulated for paving stone joints. Colour shall be compatible with
installed paving stones or as directed by Minister. Apply in accordance with
manufacturer’s specifications
SPEC NOTE: Edit Item 2.2.3 Specify whether a polymeric joint sand additive is required for paving
stone installation.
2.3
INTERLOCKING CONCRETE PAVING STONES
.1
Interlocking Concrete Paving Stones shall comply to CSA A231.1/A231.2 and meet the
following physical and performance requirements:
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
2010-10-01 BMS Version
Compressive strength: minimum 55 MPa average of test samples with no unit
less than 50 MPa.
Water Absorption: maximum 5% average of test samples with no unit greater
than 7%.
Freeze/Thaw Resistance: units shall have no breakage and maximum 1% dry
weight loss for any individual paver when subjected to 50 cycles of freezing and
thawing.
Size Tolerance: variation in size dimensions not to exceed 1.5 mm in length or
width and 3 mm in height from standard dimensions.
Colour(s): [
] [and] [
], as selected by Minister from manufacturer’s
standard range.
Shape: [
] [and] [
], [as shown on drawings].
Thickness:
.1
60 mm for pedestrian traffic areas.
.2
80 mm for vehicular traffic areas.
Section 32 14 13
Interlocking Concrete
Paving Stones
Page 5
Plan No:
Project ID:
.8
Dimensions: full size stones to manufacturer’s specified dimensions for each
selected shape and pattern of stone including standard, edging and 50% edging
stone and to specific stone dimensions where detailed.
SPEC NOTE: Identify the dimensions in 2.3.1.8 of each paving stone required if necessary.
.2
All interlocking paving stones shall be sound and free of cracks, chips and defects that
would interfere with proper placing of units or impair strength or permanence of
construction.
SPEC NOTE: Multiple use of units or colours and shapes to be identified in specification or on
drawings. Check local manufacturers for shapes, sizes, thicknesses and colours available.
2.4
GEOTEXTILE FABRIC
.1
Geotextile Fabric: black woven geotextile fabric complete with manufacturer’s
installation accessories to meet the following minimum physical properties or as
approved by Minister. Comply to CAN/CGSB-148.1 standard.
Grab Tensile Strength:
Puncture Resistance:
Apparent Opening Size:
1.400 kN
0.530 kN
0.425 mm
[
[
[
]
]
]
SPEC NOTE: Edit Item 2.4. Specify required fabric properties to meet project design application.
2.5
PAVER EDGE RESTRAINTS
SPEC NOTE: Edit Item 2.5 and specify only the paver edge restraint(s) required for project and as
indicated on drawings.
.1
Paver Edge Restraints: [existing structures] [and] [plastic], [timber], [concrete], [steel],
[aluminium], [cut stone], [pre-cast concrete], [
], [as indicated on drawings]
including [manufacturer’s] installation accessories where applicable.
.1
Plastic Edge Restraint: rigid and flexible PVC edging restraint, specially designed
for paving stones, complete with connectors, pre-manufactured anchoring
locations and manufacturer’s installation accessories.
.2
Timber Edger:
.1
.2
2010-10-01 BMS Version
Pressure treated [140 mm x 140 mm] [89 mm x 140 mm] S-P-F timber,
construction grade, free of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treatment,
and to CSA-080. Use full size lengths of timber where feasible.
Surface Applied Preservative: copper napthenate oil, green colour.
Section 32 14 13
Interlocking Concrete
Paving Stones
Page 6
Plan No:
Project ID:
.3
Anchor Rods and Galvanized Coated Hardware: 20M reinforcing steel,
700 mm length. Provide appropriate galvanized nails, spikes and other
fasteners for securing timber.
.3
Concrete: see Section 32 13 13.
.4
[
3.
Execution
3.1
EXAMINATION
]
.1
Check and verify that excavation, grading, and subgrade preparation of surfaces to
receive paving stones are in compliance with specifications. Verify site grading and
elevation requirements.
.2
Advise Minister of any unsatisfactory subgrade conditions and subgrades containing
organic material, foreign debris or other unsuitable subgrade material that will affect
performance of unit pavers. Work shall not commence until deficient subgrades have
been corrected and approved by Minister.
.3
Confirm that excavation and subgrade preparation extends to rear face of all edge
restraints to be installed.
.4
Verify that subgrade is unfrozen, free of snow, ice and wet conditions.
3.2
SUBGRADE PREPARATION
.1
Grade and finish subgrade to allow for installation of specified base materials to required
depths. Ensure base preparation extends minimum 150 mm beyond edge of finished
pavement and to rear face of edge restraints.
.2
Remove unsuitable subgrade soil and materials and install approved crushed gravel fill as
directed by Minister.
.3
Pedestrian traffic surfaces: compact subgrade soil to minimum 95% Standard Proctor
Density before placing granular base.
.4
Vehicular traffic surfaces: compact subgrade soil to minimum 98% Standard Proctor
Density before placing granular base.
.5
Proof-Rolling: contractor shall proof roll prepared subgrade surface to check for unstable
areas and areas that require additional compaction. Provide acceptable proof rolling
equipment of sufficient mass weight to compact subgrade to 100% Standard Proctor
Density. Contractor shall correct deficient and unstable subgrades by removing
unsuitable material and placing approved granular fill or other approved material.
2010-10-01 BMS Version
Section 32 14 13
Interlocking Concrete
Paving Stones
Page 7
Plan No:
Project ID:
SPEC NOTE: Proof rolling not generally required for pedestrian walks and light traffic paved areas.
3.3
GEOTEXTILE FABRIC
SPEC NOTE: Place geotextile fabric for all paving stone areas subject to any vehicular traffic,
subgrade containing wet and weak soil conditions and locations subject to numerous climatic
changes or freezing and thawing conditions.
.1
Place woven geotextile fabric to completely cover approved compacted subgrade. Install
fabric according to manufacturer’s instructions.
.2
Stretch fabric taut and free of wrinkles, folds and creases. Overlap each successive strip
of fabric 500 mm over previously laid strip. Turn geotextile up against vertical surfaces.
.3
Anchor geotextile using manufacturer’s installation accessories and instructions.
.4
Remove and replace damaged or deteriorated fabric.
3.4
CRUSHED GRAVEL GRANULAR BASE
SPEC NOTE: Base thickness determined by traffic loads, soil type, subgrade soil drainage and
moisture, and climate conditions.
.1
Pedestrian walks: place and spread crushed gravel to a uniform and minimum
[[150] [200] [ ] mm compacted thickness] [compacted thickness shown on drawings].
Compact to minimum 95% maximum dry density.
.2
Vehicular traffic: place and spread crushed gravel to a uniform and minimum
[[250] [300] [ ] mm compacted thickness] [compacted thickness shown on drawings].
Compact to minimum 98% maximum dry density.
.3
Spread and compact granular base in separate layers or lifts not exceeding 150 mm
thickness each.
.4
Placement of granular base shall extend to rear face of all edge restraints.
.5
Maintain optimum moisture content of granular base material during compaction.
.6
Ensure required compaction is achieved adjacent to edge restraints, catch basins,
manholes, utility and building structures.
2010-10-01 BMS Version
Section 32 14 13
Interlocking Concrete
Paving Stones
Page 8
Plan No:
Project ID:
3.5
SAND BEDDING COURSE
.1
Spread and screed bedding sand evenly over granular base course to a uniform and
consistent depth of 25 to 40 mm after compaction. Depth of bedding sand layer shall not
exceed 40 mm.
.2
Screed sand to a smooth even surface. Once screeded and levelled to required contours
and grades, the sand laying course shall not be disturbed.
.3
Do not install frozen sand or sand over wet or frozen base.
.4
Place and screed only enough sand that will be covered with paving units the same day.
3.6
INTERLOCKING PAVING STONE INSTALLATION
.1
Overall intent is to use full size paving stone units with minimal cutting where possible.
.2
Install clean paving stones, tight and level, on undisturbed dry sand base to [herringbone]
[parquet] [running] [
] pattern(s) [shown on drawings]. [Place a soldier course of
pavers against edge restraints and wedge shaped pieces around manholes or catch basins
to ensure cut edge pieces are within the body of the pavement] [as shown on drawings].
SPEC NOTE: Herringbone pattern provides best stability and interlocking characteristic for
vehicular traffic applications. Edit item 3.6.2 to suit project and design requirements.
.3
Place and align stones true to grade, lines, and layout pattern. String lines shall be used to
hold pattern lines true.
.4
Butt paving stone units together with maximum 3 mm joints. Maintain straight and
consistent joint lines during placement of pavers.
.5
Fill gaps at edge of paved surface with standard edge pavers or paving stone cut to fit.
Do not use cut stone pieces smaller than one-third of a full size paver.
.6
Cut stones shall fit accurately and neatly. Cutting shall provide a straight even surface
without cracks or chips using a double bladed splitter or a diamond blade masonry saw.
When cutting precision designed paving stone areas a masonry saw shall be used.
.7
Embed, tamp and level paving units into sand base by compacting with mechanical flatplate vibrator. Do not vibrate within 1 m of unrestrained edges of paving units.
.8
Vibrate all paving stones laid the same day.
.9
After initial compaction, spread and sweep dry joint sand into all joints between paving
stones. Vibrate sand into joints using flat-plate vibrator until joints are full. Repeat
sweeping of joint sand and vibration, as necessary, until joints are completely filled.
2010-10-01 BMS Version
Section 32 14 13
Interlocking Concrete
Paving Stones
Page 9
Plan No:
Project ID:
SPEC NOTE: Delete 3.6.9 if polymeric joint sand is specified..
.10
After initial compaction and when surface is dry, spread and sweep polymeric joint sand
into all joints between paving stones. Sweep surface clean of exceed sand. Vibrate sand
into joints using flat-plate vibrator until joints are full. Repeat sweeping of joint sand and
vibration, as necessary, until joints are completely filled. Polymeric joint sand shall be
applied in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions and specifications. Follow all
direction.
SPEC NOTE: Delete 3.6.10 if regular joint sand is specified.
.11
3.7
Finish Surface: final paving stone surface shall be free of depressions, provide positive
drainage, be laid flush with adjacent finished surfaces and shall be true to line and grades.
EDGE RESTRAINT INSTALLATION
.1
Install edge restraints true to grade in accordance to manufacturer’s recommendations and
as indicated on drawings.
.2
Plastic edge restraint: install PVC paver edge restraint and spike into compacted gravel
base through pre-drilled holes in edging according to manufacturer’s instructions.
.3
Timber edger:
.1
Install timber edger on compacted gravel base flush with interlocking concrete
paving stones [as detailed].
.2
Treat surfaces exposed by cutting, trimming or drilling, with liberal brush
application of surface applied wood preservative before installation.
.3
Anchor timber edger into subgrade by installing anchor rods near end of each
timber section and approximately 700 mm on centre.
.4
Corners shall be cut in a manner that results in tight fitting timbers. Irregular cuts
may result in rejection and replacement of timber.
.4
Concrete curb: install as detailed on drawings and Section 32 13 13.
.5
[
]
SPEC NOTE: Edit Item 3.7 and specify paver edge restraint(s) to suit project requirements.
2010-10-01 BMS Version
Section 32 14 13
Interlocking Concrete
Paving Stones
Page 10
Plan No:
Project ID:
3.8
CLEAN-UP, REPAIR AND PROTECTION
.1
Broom clean excess sand from finished paving stones and wash free of stains,
discolouration, dirt and other foreign debris to provide a clean finished paved surface.
.2
Remove and replace all loose, chipped, broken, stained or otherwise damaged paving
units and stones not laid true to line and grade as directed by Minister. Install new stones
to comply with specifications. All repairs shall be completed prior to acceptance of work
by Minister.
.3
Remove surplus material and debris from site.
.4
Protect work from damage during subsequent construction activities until project
acceptance.
END OF SECTION
2010-10-01 BMS Version