Additional file 3. Previous studies on admixed populations used for comparisons. Population Type Reference Native American mtDNA European African Unknown /Other Y-chromosome Native European American African Unknown /Other NA NA USA USA African American [1] 2 5.1 91.5 1.4 NA NA Caribbean Jamaica Dominan Republic Puerto Rico St. Thomas St. Kitts Dominica St. Lucia St. Vincent Grenada Trinidad African American General urban General urban African American African American African American African American African American African American African American [2] [3] [4] [2] [2] [2] [2] [2] [2] [2] NA 51.5 61.1 NA 0 28.0 0 1.8 0 3.6 NA 9.1 11.4 NA 0 0 3.6 5.5 7.8 7.3 NA 39.4 27.5 NA 100 72.0 92.8 92.7 86.3 78.2 NA 0 0 NA 0 0 3.6 0 5.9 10.9 0 NA NA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 41.7 NA NA 19.4 11.7 65.9 54.2 22.5 18.3 24.0 58.3 NA NA 80.6 88.3 34.1 45.8 77.5 81.7 76.0 0 NA NA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Latin America North-Central Mexico Garifuna, Belize Garifuna, Honduras Chocó, Colombia Medellín, Colombia Brazil General urban African American African American African American General urban Middle and upper-middle class, mainly whites General urban Urban whites African American African American African American African American African American General urban Low status High status General urban Low status African American [5] [6] [7] [7] [8] [9, 10] 89.1 0 15.9 16.3 1.0 33.2 5.4 0 0 0 94.0 38.9 4.5 100 84.1 83.7 5.0 27.9 0.6 0 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA 90.0 0 NA NA NA NA NA 97.5 NA NA NA NA NA 2.5 NA NA NA NA NA 0 [11] [12] [12] [12] [12] [12] [13] [14] [15] [15] [16] [17] [18] 57.4 NA NA NA NA NA 46.7 NA NA NA NA 62.5 28.7 40.0 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA NA NA 20.8 19.0 2.6 NA NA NA NA NA 53.3 NA NA NA NA 16.7 52.3 0 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA NA NA 0 0 3.8 0 4 0 0 0 6.7 1.6 15.8 6.9 14.9 NA 64.1 96.2 98.0 28.0 44.7 22.7 48.1 56.7 88.1 84.2 93.1 30.8 NA 5.1 0 2.0 54.0 50.0 77.3 47 36.7 8.7 NA NA 43.6 NA 30.2 0 0 14.0 5.3 0 5.9 0 1.6 NA NA 10.6 NA 0.6 Belém, Brazil Brazil Salvador, Brazil Ribeirao Preto, Brazil Barra, Brazil Sao Gonzalo, Brazil Macapá, Brazil Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Santiago, Chile Santiago, Chile La Plata, Argentina Tacaurembó, Uruguay Melo, Uruguay References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 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Bonilla C, Bertoni B, Gonzalez S, Cardoso H, Brum-Zorrilla N, Sans M: Substantial Native American female contribution to the population of Tacuarembo, Uruguay, reveals past episodes of sex-biased gene flow. Am J Hum Biol 2004, 16(3):289-297. 18. Sans M, Weimer TA, Franco MH, Salzano FM, Bentancor N, Alvarez I, Bianchi NO, Chakraborty R: Unequal contributions of male and female gene pools from parental populations in the African descendants of the city of Melo, Uruguay. American journal of physical anthropology 2002, 118(1):33-44.