Noteform 3-3: Volcanic Eruptions (pages 91 – 98)
Name: ____________________________________ Section: _____
1. What is the name of the fire goddess of Hawaiian volcanoes? __________
2. Because liquid magma is less dense than the ___________ material around it, the
magma flows upward into any cracks in the rock above.
3. Beneath a volcano, magma collects in a pocket called a __________________
4. The magma moves upward through a _______________, a long tube in the
ground that connects the magma chamber to Earth’s surface.
5. Molten rock and _____________ leave the volcano through an opening called a
vent.
6. A crater is a _______________-shaped area that may form at the top of a volcano
around the central vent.
7. The eruption (explosion) of a volcano is similar to when pressure is released from
a shaken soda bottle when you open it.
The ___________________ is suddenly released.
8. As magma rises toward the surface, the pressure of the surrounding rock on the
magma decreases. The dissolved gases begin to:
____________________, forming bubbles.
9. As the pressure falls within the magma, the size of the bubbles increases greatly,
and these expanding gases put tremendous force upon the magma, pushing it
through the pipe until it flows or explodes out of the:
_________________.
10. Whether an eruption is quiet or explosive depends on the magma’s silica content
and __________________________.
11. State three facts about Quiet Eruptions:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
12. State three facts about Explosive Eruptions:
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
13. Define ash: _______________________________________________________
14. Define cinder: _____________________________________________________
15. Define volcanic bomb: ______________________________________________
16. Define pyroclastic flow: _____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
17. How does obsidian (volcanic glass) form? _______________________________
_________________________________________________________________
18. How does pumice (the only rock that can float in water) form? ______________
_________________________________________________________________
19. Name two volcano hazards that are associated with quiet eruptions:
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
20. Name two hazards that are associated with explosive eruptions:
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
21. Examine and read the timeline of some major volcanoes within the past 150 years.
Guess which volcano listed in the timeline was the deadliest.
_________________
22. The activity of a volcano may last from less than a decade to more than 10 million
years. The life cycle of a volcano is described in three different stages, which are
active, dormant or extinct. Which types will never erupt again:
_______________
23. Which life stage of a volcano can be described like a hibernating (sleeping) bear?
__________________________
24. Which life stage of a volcano is the live, erupting stage: ___________________
25. Geologists have been more successful in predicting volcanic eruptions than in
predicting earthquakes. Instruments can detect changes in a volcano and can give
warning that it is in danger of erupting. List four things that geologists look for as
danger signs of a coming eruption:
A) _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
B) _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
C) _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
D) _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________