TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
SECTION 1. OVERVIEW OF POPULATION AND
DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT .......................................................................... 1
Population Dynamics, Development, and the Impacts on Poverty ........................................ 2
Future Population Trends and the Globalization ....................................................................... 9
SECTION 2. FERTILITY LEVELS AND TRENDS .............................................................. 13
Level and Trends Fertility ..............................................................................................................
The Prospects and Determinants for Fertility Decline ..............................................................
Consequences of the Fertility Trends on Poverty ......................................................................
Policy Responses to Fertility Trends ..........................................................................................
14
16
18
20
SECTION 3. MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY TRENDS ................................................... 45
Levels and Trends of Mortality .................................................................................................... 24
Adult Mortality ................................................................................................................................ 24
Infant Mortality ................................................................................................................................ 25
Maternal Mortality and Morbidity .................................................................................................. 27
Patterns in Morbidity and Causes of Death ............................................................................... 28
Strengthening and Using Available Data to Monitor Mortality and Morbidity ................... 30
Strategies Needed to meet the Millennium Development Goals ............................................ 31
SECTION 4. MIGRATION, URBANIZATION AND POVERTY ........................................ 45
Internal Migration ......................................................................................................................... 34
Life Time Migration .........................................................................................................................
Recent Migration ..............................................................................................................................
Internal Displace Person ...................................................................................................................
Consequences and Policies ................................................................................................................
35
36
36
37
Urbanization and Urban Growth ............................................................................................... 38
Trends & Prospects ........................................................................................................................... 37
Consequences and Policies ............................................................................................................... 40
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International Migration, Asylum Seekers and Refugees ........................................................... 43
Trends and Prospects of International Labor Migration ................................................................. 40
Asylum Seeker and Refugees ............................................................................................................ 45
Consequences and Policies ................................................................................................................ 45
SECTION 5. POPULATION AGEING ...................................................................................... 47
Emerging Issues .............................................................................................................................. 48
National Commitment .................................................................................................................. 50
Program Implementation .............................................................................................................. 52
Promoting the Elderly Well Being and Social Security System ......................................................
Improving Health Services ...............................................................................................................
Strengthening Family and Community Support .............................................................................
Improving Quality of Life .................................................................................................................
Developing special facilities ..............................................................................................................
53
53
53
53
54
SECTION 6. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ................................................................................. 55
A New Policy of Reproductive Health In Indonesia ................................................................
Reproductive Health Status .........................................................................................................
Challenges and Constraints of Reproductive Health .............................................................
Health of Maternal (obstetric) Morbidity and Mortality ........................................................
56
56
61
62
Unfinished in Family Planning Movement ...................................................................................... 62
Neglected of Adolescent and Youth RH Problems ............................................................................ 62
Reproductive Morbidity Before, during and After Childbearing Years .......................................... 63
The Importance of Quality of Care Family Planning Programs ............................................. 65
Strategies for Maximizing Access to Quality FP Services ....................................................... 67
Indonesia’s Efforts to Improve Quality of Care ........................................................................ 70
Capacity Building and Training on Human Resources ................................................................... 70
Infrastructure 71
Medical Protocols .............................................................................................................................. 71
Availability of Supplies of FP Services ............................................................................................. 72
Contraceptive Choice and Distribution .......................................................................................... 72
Experience in the integration of components into comprehensive
reproductive health programs ...................................................................................................... 65
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SECTION 7. ADOLESCENT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ................................................... 75
Current Status of Adolescent ...................................................................................................... 76
Socio-Demographic Profile .......................................................................................................... 77
Growth of the Adolescent Population ....................................................................................... 77
Education
79
Fertility patterns ............................................................................................................................. 80
Socio Economic Factors and the Sexual and
Reproductive Behavior of Adolescent and Youths .................................................................
Inadequate Access to Correct Information ................................................................................
The Availability of and Access to Youth-Friendly Health Services .......................................
Peer Pressure and the Erosion of the Role of the Family ..........................................................
Economic Constraints ..................................................................................................................
Gender and Power Imbalances ...................................................................................................
The Prevalence of Sexuality and Childbearing among Adolescents and Youth .................
Consequences for the Health of Mother and Children ............................................................
81
81
83
85
85
86
77
89
Unwanted Pregnancy ..................................................................................................................... 90
Adolescent Childbearing ................................................................................................................ 91
Sexually transmitted disease, including HIV/AIDS ...................................................................... 92
SECTION 8. DEMOGRAPHIC, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF
HIV/AIDS
........................................................................................................ 94
Epidemic Overview ..................................................................................................................... 95
Socio-economic impact of HIV/AIDS ........................................................................................ 96
Demographic Impacts .....................................................................................................................
Social Impacts .................................................................................................................................
Economic Impacts ...........................................................................................................................
Impact on Security .........................................................................................................................
97
98
99
101
Policy, strategy of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control in Indonesia ....................................... 101
Future Socio-economic impact of HIV/AIDS ........................................................................... 103
SECTION 9. GENDER EQUALITY AND DEVELOPMENT ................................................ 105
Introduction 105
The Women’s Status and Factors Constraining Progress ....................................................... 107
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Constrain to Gender Equality and Equity ....................................................................................... 108
Migration of Women’s concerns into national programs and plan ................................................. 109
Legal Rights and Reforms ...........................................................................................................
Education for Empowerment ......................................................................................................
Women and Employment ............................................................................................................
Women and Decision Making ....................................................................................................
Women and Health .....................................................................................................................
Gender Issues in Reproductive Health .....................................................................................
111
113
116
118
120
121
Male Participation in Family Planning and Reproductive Health ................................................... 123
Monitoring and Evaluation of Women Empowerment Programs ...................................... 124
SECTION 10. ADVOCACY, INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ............................................................ 126
Advocacy for Population Policy ...............................................................................................
Advocacy on Reproductive Health and Reproductive Rights ..............................................
ICT and Population and Development Process in the Context of Globalization...................
Digital Devide ..............................................................................................................................
Identification of Areas of Application .....................................................................................
126
130
131
133
134
The Current Situation ....................................................................................................................... 135
Areas of ICT Application .................................................................................................................. 135
The Preparation of E-government ............................................................................................ 136
SECTION 11. DATA, RESEARCH, AND TRAINING .......................................................... 126
Data Sources and Uses ...............................................................................................................
The Development of Indicator ..................................................................................................
Population Registration .............................................................................................................
Population Census ......................................................................................................................
National Surveys .........................................................................................................................
133
140
142
143
144
Intercensal Surveys............................................................................................................................
National Socio Economic Surveys .....................................................................................................
National Labor Force Surveys ...........................................................................................................
Demographic and Health Survey.......................................................................................................
Indonesian Family Life Survey ..........................................................................................................
144
144
144
145
145
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Data Bank and Data Base
........................................................................................................... 145
Population and Family Information System (“SIDUGA”) .............................................................. 145
Population Administration Information System ............................................................................... 146
Improvement of the Quality of Population Data ................................................................... 146
Education and Training ............................................................................................................. 147
SECTION 12. PARTNERSHIP AND RESOURCES ................................................................ 149
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TABLES
Page
Table:1.1.
Basic Demographic Indicators from Selected Sources,
Indonesia 1971-1999 ............................................................................................. 5
Table:3.1.
Life Expectancy at birth by major area for selected periods and
Its projection, 1990-1995, 1995-2000, and 2045-2050 ........................................ 25
Table:3.2.
Infant Mortality for 1990-1995 and 1995-2000, Percentage Change
In Infant Mortality Between Those Periods, and Under-Five
Mortality, 1995-2000, by Major Area or Region ............................................... 26
Table:3.3.
Estimated Levels of Maternal Mortality by 2000 and 2015 If the
Goals of The Program of Action Are Achieved ............................................... 27
Table:3.4.
Ten Leading Causes of Death, Indonesia: 2001 ................................................ 30
Table:4.1.
Urbanization and Population Growth in Indonesia, 1961-2000 .................... 39
Table:4.2.
Indonesia Urban Population Projection 2000-2025 ......................................... 40
Table:4.3.
Number of the Indonesian Migrant Workers in Specific Regions,
1997-2000 ............................................................................................................... 44
Table:4.4.
Sex Ratio of Indonesia Migrant Workers in Four Destination
Countries, 1995-2000 ............................................................................................ 45
Table:7.1.
Number of persons in the age group 10-19 (in thousand) and their
Percentage in the total population by sub region, 1995 to 2020 .................... 78
Table:7.2.
Percentage of Women Ages 20-24 Married by Ages 15, 18 and 20
And Median Age at First Marriage, in Selected Countries of the
ESCAP region ....................................................................................................... 79
Table:7.3.
Age-specific fertility (15-19 years) in selected countries of the ESCAP
Region .................................................................................................................... 92
Table:12.1.
The Composition of Internal-External resources in year 2002
Proposed Per Sub-Sector Government Budget Allocation ............................. 153
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FIGURES
Page
Figure:1.
Population by Age Group and Sex, Rural and Urban
Area, 2000 ........................................................................................................... 7
Figure:2.1.
Fertility Trend in Indonesia: 1968-1997 ........................................................ 14
Figure:2.2.
Trend of Age Specific Fertility Rate, Indonesia 1968-1997 ........................ 15
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