1
Cumbria’s Equality Story: The Changing Map of
Cumbria July 2010
Prepared by Equality and Cohesion Team
Introduction
This report has been produced to give people a snapshot of the state of Equality in
Cumbria in 2010. The Equality Act (2010) requires all public authorities to promote
Equality and this report provides basic information to support organisations in
meeting their Equality duty.
The Equality Story is designed to sit alongside the document: Cumbria’s Story that
has been produced by the Cumbria Strategic Partnership to support the
development of a single Sustainable Community Strategy.
Some sections of this report have been taken from Cumbria’s Story, though the
aim of the bulk of the report is to expand upon the main story from an Equality and
Diversity perspective.
The report combines population profiles with an analysis of trends in relation to key
areas of life, such as health, education, crime and employment. The report is divided
into the following sections:

Section 1: Countywide and District Summaries

Section 2: Population profile of Cumbria

Section 3: Migration and Cumbria Multi-Cultural Service

Section 4: Community relations, tackling prejudice and hate crime

Section 5: Health and Well-being

Section 6: Employment and unemployment
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
July 2010
2
Section 1: Countywide and District Summaries
The aim of these findings is to inform local level Equality priority setting. The focus is
upon statistical patterns that may indicate discrimination or unfair treatment. There
is a profile for the County and for each District.
Countywide findings
Diversity
Theme
Details of finding
Strand
Age
Employment 22% of 20-24 year olds in April 2009 were claiming Job
Seeker Allowance, compared with an average across all age
groups of 8.7%
More people aged 24 and under are on Job Seeker
Allowance in Cumbria than in the North West and England
Belonging to People aged 18-24 less likely than other age groups to feel
local area
their belong to the local area.
Population
More males than females for people below 25, and more
and gender
females than males (by 1%) for people aged 80+
Gender
Violence
The total estimated costs of violence against women and
against
girls is £151m per annum in Cumbria
women and
girls
Health
Life expectancy for males is below national average in
Allerdale, Barrow, Carlisle and Copeland
Disability
69% of people on Attendance Allowance are women –
and gender
suggesting women are overrepresented as carers.
Males claiming a life long limiting condition is higher than
females.
Employment
 The % of women who are economically active is
– compared
lower in Cumbria
to North
 The % of women who are self-employed is lower in
West and
Cumbria
England
 The % of women who are employees is higher in
Cumbria
Disability
Socioeconomic
status
Ethnicity
Population
2008 Place Survey suggests that Cumbria has a higher than
average population of people who have long term limiting
health conditions
Population – Higher than national average % of people classified as
hard
‘struggling families’
pressed
Population
Significant increase in BME people across the whole county.
Migration
Approximately 2000 people arriving in Cumbria each year.
The recession has seen a decrease but the rate is still above
2004.
Belonging to BME people 15% less likely than White British People to feel
local area
they belong to the local area
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
July 2010
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Religion/
belief
Sexual
orientation
Access to
services
Access to
services
Census
2001
Civil
partnerships
Allerdale findings
Diversity
Theme
Strand
Age
Population
Gender
Health
Disability
Socioeconomic
status
Ethnicity
Details of finding
Decline in people aged 0-14
Life expectancy for males is below the national average
Life expectancy for females is lower than the national
average and second lowest in Cumbria after Copeland.
Population
Above average % of people classified as Hard Pressed: 17%
households described as struggling families.
Population
Moss Bay is Cumbria’s 3rd highest ward for % of people
described as Hard Pressed (81.5%).
Moorclose, Ewanrigg and Flimby wards are also in the
Cumbria top 10.
% change in the BME population in Allerdale between 20017 is greater than the county average.
Hate incidents above county average
Below county average % people who think people from
different backgrounds get on
Population
Crime
Community NI 1
Cohesion
Barrow findings
Diversity
Theme
Strand
Age
Population
changes –
impact of
population
shrinkage
Gender
ESOL: Chinese people significantly less likely to access ESOL
following introduction of charging.
ESOL: No records of Asian male learners in 2077-8 and
2008-9
Cumbria has higher than national average number of
Christians
60% of civil partnerships have been female.
Details of finding

Highest rate of decline of people aged 0-14 in
Cumbria.
 Significant decline of people aged 30-44 (potentially
linked to the decline in 0-14 as this the main group
who would be parents).
 Only District with a declining population aged 75-84.
 Fastest rate if rise in population aged 85+
Employment Barrow has the highest levels of unemployment for those
aged 25-29years (14.7%).
Barrow has the highest rates of unemployment for people
aged 24 and under.
Population
2nd highest % of lone parent households, equal to national
average (2001 Census)
Ratio of male to female unemployment is joint second
highest with Copeland.
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
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Health
Disability
Population
Socioeconomic
status
Population
Benefits
Benefits
Ethnicity
Crime
MultiCultural
Service
Males have the lowest life expectancy of any district and
below the national average.
Female life expectancy is lower than the national average,
but above Copeland and Allerdale.
Highest % of households in 2001 reporting someone with a
long term limiting condition.
Barrow has the highest % of people classified as on
‘Moderate Means’
Highest proportion of population on incapacity benefits
Joint highest proportion of lone parents on benefits with
Copeland.
Highest rate of hate crime per 100,000 people
Demand in Barrow for the Multi-Cultural Service was
higher than other parts of Cumbria for the following:
 Immigration
 Benefits
 Utilities
 Housing
 Health
Carlisle findings
Diversity
Theme
Details of finding
Strand
Age
Employment Carlisle has the highest unemployment rate in the 3034years category (10.4%).
Unemployment for people aged 24 and under is equal to the
county average and higher than national and North West
average.
Gender
Health
Life expectancy for males is below national average and for
females at national average
Employment The ratio of male to female unemployment is greater in
Carlisle than other Districts
SocioPopulation:
Highest % of people classified as ‘burdened singles’ at 7% of
economic
all households.
status
Population
Highest numbers of lone parents on benefits in Cumbria at
970 people (though less than Barrow and Copeland as a
proportion of population).
Population
15.7% of households described as struggling families (2nd
highest in Cumbria)
Population
Upperby is Cumbria’s 2nd highest ward for % people who
are classified as Hard Pressed (83%)
Ethnicity
Population
In 2007 there were estimated 4,200 BME people
Access to
Highest % of requests for interpreters for Children’s
services
Services. Highest % of interpreters required for non-EU
people
Migration
2nd highest number of overseas migrants
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
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5
Crime
Religion/bel
ief
Sexual
orientation
Community People from
Cohesion
different
backgrounds
get on
Belonging to
the local
area
Hate incidents above county average
Lowest level of people who think people from different
backgrounds get on
Lowest % of Districts who feel they belong in their local
area
Copeland findings
Diversity
Theme
Details of finding
Strand
Age
Employment Copeland has the highest level of unemployment for those
aged 20-24years (24.4%)
Gender
Health
Life expectancy is lower for women than any other District
and significantly below the national average.
Life expectancy is lower for men than the national average
The gap in life expectancy between the wealthiest 20% and
the least wealthy 20% is greater than any other District for
women, and second widest for males.
Employment Ratio of male to female unemployment is joint second
highest with Barrow
SocioPopulation
Highest % of people classified as ‘Hard Pressed’. 26% of all
economic
households described as Struggling Families
status
Population
Mirehouse Ward has the highest % of people classified as
Hard Pressed: 85%
Population
Joint highest proportion of lone parents on benefits with
Barrow.
Ethnicity
Population
BME population has doubled since 2001, but is still lowest in
Cumbria – 3.4% or 2,400 people.
Crime
2nd highest rate of hate incidents reported to the police
Community People from Below county average % people who think people from
Cohesion
different
different backgrounds get on
backgrounds
get on
Eden findings
Diversity
Theme
Details of finding
Strand
Age
Employment Over representation of in people aged 50+ on Job Seekers’
Allowance
Gender
Health
The gap in life expectancy between the wealthiest 20% and
least wealthy 20% of males is 8.9 years – the greatest intra-
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
July 2010
6
gender gap in Cumbria based on income.
Eden is the only area where wealth does not have an impact
on women’s life expectancy.
Disability
Socioeconomic
status
Ethnicity
Population
MultiCultural
Service
3.5% of the population (1,800 people) are estimated as BME
Demand in Penrith for the Multi-Cultural Service was
greater than other parts of Cumbria for the following:
 Working tax credit and tax queries
 Employment and National Insurance
 DVLA
South Lakes findings
Diversity
Theme
Strand
Age
Employment
Gender
Socioeconomic
status
Ethnicity
Health: life
expectancy and
socio-economic
status
Population
Population
Details of finding
Over representation of in people aged 50+ on Job
Seekers’ Allowance
The gap between wealthiest and least wealthy males is
8.9 years – greater than any other district.
Kendal Kirkland and Kendal Far Cross are in the top 10
wards in Cumbria for % people classified as Hard
Pressed
Highest % BME people in Cumbria at 5.1%
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
July 2010
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Section 3: Population profile of Cumbria
This section gives details about the population profile of Cumbria and has subsections covering:
 Rurality and an aging population
 Age and gender
 Ethnicity
 Disability
 Sexual Orientation
 Socio-economic status
 Religion/belief
Rurality and an aging population
With a population of just under 500,000 Cumbria is the second least densely
populated county in England. Of Cumbria’s six districts, South Lakeland and Carlisle
have the largest populations; 104,400 and 103,700 respectively. Eden has the smallest
population; 51,900. Figure 1 shows how Cumbria’s population has been spread
across each of its six districts each year since 1981:
Figure 1: ONS Mid-Year Population Estimates: Cumbria's Districts - 1981-2008
120
Population (000s)
100
80
60
40
20
0
08
20
07
20
06
20 5
0
20
04
20
03
20 2
0
20
01
20
00
20 9
9
19
98
19
97
19 6
9
19
95
19
94
19
93
19 2
9
19
91
19
90
19 9
8
19
88
19
87
19 6
8
19
85
19
84
19 3
8
19
82
19
81
19
Allerdale
Barrow-in-Furness
Carlisle
Copeland
Eden
South Lakeland
Cumbria has an older population than the national average; 27% of residents are
aged 60+ compared to just 22% nationally. The proportion of older residents is also
increasing at a faster rate in Cumbria than it is nationally. In the last 10 years
Cumbria’s 60+ population has increased by 16.1%; this compares to a national
increase of just 11.6%. This trend is forecast to continue into the future driven
mainly by in-migration of people aged over 45 and out-migration of younger adults.
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
July 2010
8
A big challenge facing Cumbria is the number of young people who leave the county
to seek opportunities, in employment and lifestyle, that they don’t yet see being
offered within the county.
At a district level, South Lakeland and Eden have the highest proportions of residents
aged 60+. Over the last decade Eden has also experienced the biggest percentage
increase in residents aged 60+, while Barrow-in-Furness and Copeland have
experienced particularly large increases in the oldest age group; residents aged 85+.
Figure 2 shows how the population of each district has changed over the last 10
years by age group.
Figure 2: ONS Mid Year Estimates: Population Change in Cumbria's Districts - %
Change Between 1999 and 2008
70
60
50
% Change
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
0 - 14 years
15 - 29 years 30 - 44 years 45 - 59 years 60 - 74 years 75 - 84 years 85 years and
over
Age Group
Allerdale
Barrow-in-Furness
Carlisle
Copeland
Eden
South Lakeland
Age and Gender
The gender split for the county and each of its six districts is more or less equal; this
is also the case nationally. Looking more closely at the age and gender profile
combined the following features stand out:

The widest gender gaps are for ages 80-84 (1.1%) and 85-89 (1.2%), where
females are greater in proportion to males.
 All age groups below 25-29 have slightly more males.
Table1: Age and gender profile for Cumbria
PERSONS
ALL AGES
Under 1
1-4
5-9
496,900.0
4,900.0
19,700.0
25,400.0
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
1.0%
4.0%
5.1%
MALES
TOTAL
%
244,200.0
2,600.0
1.1%
10,200.0
4.2%
13,000.0
5.3%
FEMALES
TOTAL
%
252,700.0
2,400.0
0.9%
9,500.0
3.8%
12,400.0
4.9%
July 2010
9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80-84
85-89
90+
30,100.0
32,000.0
25,100.0
23,500.0
25,700.0
34,400.0
38,400.0
37,200.0
33,600.0
36,500.0
34,300.0
27,400.0
23,300.0
19,200.0
13,800.0
8,400.0
4,000.0
6.1%
6.4%
5.1%
4.7%
5.2%
6.9%
7.7%
7.5%
6.8%
7.3%
6.9%
5.5%
4.7%
3.9%
2.8%
1.7%
0.8%
15,500.0
16,800.0
13,100.0
11,900.0
12,700.0
16,600.0
19,000.0
18,800.0
16,600.0
18,100.0
17,200.0
13,500.0
11,100.0
8,500.0
5,400.0
2,700.0
900.0
6.3%
6.9%
5.4%
4.9%
5.2%
6.8%
7.8%
7.7%
6.8%
7.4%
7.0%
5.5%
4.5%
3.5%
2.2%
1.1%
0.4%
14,600.0
15,200.0
12,000.0
11,600.0
13,000.0
17,800.0
19,400.0
18,300.0
17,100.0
18,400.0
17,100.0
13,900.0
12,300.0
10,700.0
8,400.0
5,700.0
3,000.0
Ethnicity
The proportion of residents from Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) groups is lower in
Cumbria than it is nationally; 4% in Cumbria compared to 16.4% nationally. However, in
recent years the proportion of BME residents has been increasing much more rapidly in
Cumbria than it has been nationally so that over time the ethnic profile of Cumbria is
changing to become more representative of the rest of the UK.
Of Cumbria’s districts, South Lakeland has the highest proportion of residents from BME
groups (5.1%) while Allerdale and Copeland have the lowest proportions (both 3.4%). Since
2001, Eden has experienced the largest increase in residents from BME groups (+125%).
Figure 3 shows how the BME population of each district has changed since 2001, compared
to change at county and national level.
Table 2: Ethnic profile for Cumbria (2001 and 2007)
Ethnicity (Black & Minority Ethnic Groups) Estimated Resident Population
All
BME
BME
White British
White
Area
Groups
(number)
(%)
(number)
British (%)
Cumbria
496,900 19,700
4.0
477,200
96
Allerdale
94,500
3,200
3.4
91,300
96.6
Barrow
71,800
2,900
4
68,900
96
Carlisle
103,500 4,200
4.1
99,300
95.9
Copeland
70,400
2,400
3.4
68,000
96.6
Eden
51,900
1,800
3.5
50,100
96.5
South
104,900 5,400
5.1
99,500
94.9
Lakeland
Graph1: BME population change between 2001 and 2007
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
July 2010
5.8%
6.0%
4.7%
4.6%
5.1%
7.0%
7.7%
7.2%
6.8%
7.3%
6.8%
5.5%
4.9%
4.2%
3.3%
2.3%
1.2%
10
6
5
4
BME 2001 (%)
BME 2007 (%)
3
2
1
0
Cumbria
Allerdale
Barrow
Carlisle
Copeland
Eden
South Lakeland
Another way to show this is to compare the % growth in District Council areas
against the national average % growth since 2001. This shows that the rates of
growth in Allerdale and Eden have been greatest. It also shows that all Districts in
Cumbria have seen a rate of growth ahead of the national average.
Figure 3: ONS Population Estimates by Ethnic Group: % Change
in BME Population Groups - 2001-2007
% Change 2001-2007
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Allerdale
Barrow-in-
Carlisle
Copeland
Eden
Furness
National
South
Lakeland
Cumbria
To give a better sense of the profile of the BME population the school census
provides a useful baseline, as it is collected termly. This shows that the BME
population in Cumbria is split between White Other, Mixed Heritage, Chinese and
Asian. Gypsy and Traveller people are among the longest standing BME population
groups in Cumbria, though they only account for a small minority of the BME people
today.
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
July 2010
11
Table 3: BME school profile October 2009 (listing of BME groups with
more than 50 pupils)
Totals
Numbers % of BME school
% of total school
population
population
BME pupils
2303
100%
3.22%
White other and 914
39.7%
1.28%
any other White
Total mixed
490
21%
0.69%
heritage pupils
Chinese
175
7.6%
0.25%
Any other Asian
155
6.7%
0.217%
Any other
81
3.5%
0.11%
Indian
72
3.13%
0.1%
Gypsy/Roma
67
2.90%
0.09%
Bangladeshi
56
2.43%
0.07%
White Irish
51
2.21%
0.07%
The table below demonstrates the growth in the BME population in Cumbria’s
schools since 2002.
Graph showing % school children from ethnic minority backgrounds
since 2002
3.5
3
Percentage
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Year
BMI
Disability
Definitions of disability
Unlike ethnicity, gender and age, there is not a single method for monitoring
disability, or a single definition. The Disability Discrimination Act and the Equality Act
(2010) define disability as someone who has a long term limiting condition that
affects their health. Long term is considered to be 12 months or longer. This
definition would include people with over 400 diagnosable conditions including
asthma, diabetes, arthritis and many others.
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
July 2010
12
Whereas the DDA and Equality Act definitions are about defining who is protected
against discrimination, other definitions are based on criteria for accessing particular
services or benefits, such as Disability Living Allowance or Incapacity Benefit.
Disability Living Allowance provides a useful benchmark on disability, though it
should be noted that many disabled people are in work and would not be included in
these statistics.
The table below summarises the gender and age profile of people who completed
the 2008 Cumbria Place Survey and claimed that they have a long term limiting
condition that affects their health.
Total
2495
28%
Totals
% of
total
Male
1223
30%
Female
1256
27%
18-24
61
12%
25-34
171
13%
35-54
663
22%
55-64
540
36%
65+
998
49%
Looking at this information the following features stand out:
 28% of respondents had a long term limiting condition that affected their
health
 30% of all males who completed the survey declared a long-term limiting
condition
 49% of people aged 65+ declared a long term limiting condition that affected
their health.
The table below shows that shows that Barrow, Allerdale, Copeland and Carlisle
have above national average rates of people on Disability Allowance, and that South
Lakeland is at national average, while Allerdale, Carlisle and Copeland are at the
Cumbria average, and Barrow is above both the national and the Cumbria average.
Figure 4: Department for Work and Pensions: Entitlement to Disability
Living Allowance or Attendance Allowance - August 2009
16
% of Population
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Allerdale
Barrow-in-
Carlisle
Copeland
Eden
South Lakeland
Furness
National
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
Cumbria
July 2010
13
80.0%
70.0%
Percentage
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
Disability Living
Allowance Female
Disability Living
Allowance Male
Cumbria
Attendance
Allowance Female
Attendance
Allowance Male
NORTH WEST
Socio-economic Status
The Equality Act (2010) extends existing discrimination law to cover socio-economic
status. This means that public authorities would need to include within Equality
Impact Assessments, any actual or potential impact on people who belong to a
particular socio-economic group. In Cumbria this would mean in particular:
 People on low incomes in rural or urban areas.
 People on benefits
 People in socially deprived wards and neighbourhoods.
The table below summarises the breakdown of benefit claimants as of November
2009. This provides baseline information
Stat
group
total
job seeker
ESA and
incapacity
benefits
lone parent
carer
others on
income
related
benefit
disabled
bereaved
Copeland
Eden
rate
15.2
3.0
No.
7,480
1,400
rate
17.4
3.3
No.
2,760
440
rate
9.1
1.4
S.
Lakeland
No.
rate
5,430 9.1
770
1.3
4,900
7.7
3,910
9.1
1,430
4.7
2,890
4.9
1.8
1.6
970
730
1.5
1.2
710
690
1.7
1.6
210
250
0.7
0.8
390
520
0.7
0.9
190
0.5
250
0.4
190
0.4
100
0.3
190
0.3
640
100
1.5
0.2
700
170
1.1
0.3
470
110
1.1
0.3
250
80
0.8
0.3
500
160
0.8
0.3
Allerdale
Barrow
Carlisle
No.
8,720
1,740
rate
15.7
3.1
No.
8,850
1,530
rate
20.5
3.5
No.
9,620
1,890
4,330
7.8
4,910
11.4
820
800
1.5
1.4
790
690
250
0.4
630
170
1.1
0.3
Rates for local authorities from 2009 onwards are calculated using the mid-2008 resident
working age population.
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
July 2010
14
The table below provides a broad overview of the socio-economic profile of
Cumbria and its districts compared to the UK.
Table: Socio-economic status
60
50
Wealthy Achievers
40
Urban Prosperity
Comfortably Off
30
Moderate Means
20
Hard Pressed
10
Unclassified
de
n
La
ke
la
nd
E
S
ou
th
C
ar
lis
le
C
op
el
an
d
U
K
C
um
br
ia
A
lle
rd
al
e
B
ar
ro
w
0
Comment: The majority of Cumbrian people fall within the Wealthy Achievers
category with 32.0%, this is above the national level of 25.4%. Cumbria is above the
national level in the Moderate Means category with 19.5%, compared to 13.6%. In
the most deprived category of all (Hard Pressed) 18.6% of Cumbrian people are
represented in this category.
Hard pressed households
This category contains the poorest areas of the UK. Unemployment is well above the
national average. Levels of qualifications are low and those in work are likely to be
employed in unskilled occupations. Household incomes are low and there are high levels of
long-term illness in some areas
Table: Hard Pressed by District
Struggling families Burdened singles High-rise hardship
UK
13
4.2
1.6
Cumbria
14.20
3.82
0.62
Allerdale
17.39
5.01
0.38
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
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15
Barrow
Carlisle
Copeland
Eden
S. Lakeland
12.64
15.71
25.98
3.74
8.33
3.19
7.29
4.08
1.88
0.58
1.47
0.35
1.51
0.04
0.21
30
25
20
Struggling Families
Burdened Singles
High-Rise Hardship
15
10
5
0
UK
Cumbria
Allerdale
Barrow
Carlisle
Copeland
Eden
South Lakeland
Cumbria is over represented in the Struggling Families group with 14.20%, compared
to the UK level at 13%. The majority of Cumbrian households fall within this group
and the district represented the most is Copeland with 25.98%.
At ward level there are three wards which have some of the highest rates of people
classified as hard-pressed in the UK: Mirehouse in Copeland has the highest
number of people within this category with 84.86%, closely followed by Upperby in
Carlisle with 83.46 and Moss Bay with 81.54%.
Hard Pressed by ward
District
Copeland
Carlisle
Allerdale
Allerdale
Allerdale
South Lakeland
Copeland
South Lakeland
Allerdale
Copeland
Carlisle
Carlisle
South Lakeland
Copeland
Ward Name
Mirehouse
Upperby
Moss Bay
Moorclose
Ewanrigg
Kendal Kirkland
Sandwith
Kendal Far Cross
Flimby
Cleator Moor South
Botcherby
Morton
Ulverston East
Harbour
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
% people
84.86
83.46
81.54
76.44
71.02
70.39
70.18
62.17
61.18
57.19
56.15
53.88
51.48
50.55
July 2010
16
Copeland
Copeland
Allerdale
Hensingham
Frizington
Clifton
48.58
48.47
48.08
Sexual Orientation
According to the 2001 Census, 0.11% of the Cumbrian population are in a civil
partnership or living in a same-sex couple; this compares to 0.21% for England.
Furthermore, 3% of residents responding to Cumbria’s 2006 Quality of Life Survey
reported that they would describe their sexuality as ‘not heterosexual’, while 80% of
respondents described their sexuality as ‘heterosexual’ and 17% either did not
answer this question or reported that they would ‘prefer not to say’. Figure 5 shows
the responses to this question for each of Cumbria’s six districts compared to
responses for the county as a whole.
Figure 5: Cumbria Quality of Life Survey 2006: Sexuality
90
% of Respondents
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Allerdale
Barrow-in-
Carlisle
Copeland
Eden
South Lakeland
Furness
District - Heterosexual
District - Not heterosexual
District - Not stated / Prefer not to say
Cumbria - Heterosexual
Cumbria - Not heterosexual
Cumbria - Not stated / Prefer not to say
Religion/belief
At the time of the 2001Census 82.2% of Cumbria’s residents stated that their religious belief
was Christian; this proportion was significantly higher than it was nationally (71.7%). A
further 17.3% of Cumbria’s residents either did not state their religion or stated that they
had no religion; this proportion was slightly lower than it was nationally (22.3%). Just 0.6% of
Cumbria’s residents stated at they had a religious belief other than Christian; this compared
to 6% nationally.
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
July 2010
17
Section 3: Migration
Cumbria has seen a significant increase in the number of non-UK nationals following
the expansion of the European Union. One impact this has had has been an increase
in the people seeking to learn English and requiring interpreters and translators. This
section presents some of the key statistics and findings.
Although figures are difficult to determine, the number of overseas migrants can be
estimated by the number of national insurance registrations from overseas, which
has been over 2000 each year since 2004. Assuming that 50% of all registrees leave
the UK in the same year as registering this would still leave an approximate figure of
6000 migrants in the Cumbria.
Graph: Numbers of non-UK nationals applying for National Insurance
numbers
3.50
3.00
2.50
Allerdale
Barrow-in-Furness
Carlisle
Copeland
Eden
South Lakeland
Cumbria total
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
2002/3
2003/4
2004/5
2005/6
2006/7
2007/8
2008/9
Allerdale
0.09
0.13
0.23
0.53
0.49
0.44
0.31
Barrow-in-Furness
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.14
0.12
0.12
0.08
Carlisle
0.22
0.34
0.62
0.71
0.80
0.71
0.54
Copeland
0.08
0.08
0.10
0.14
0.16
0.13
0.10
Eden
0.07
0.11
0.27
0.44
0.36
0.34
0.25
South Lakeland
0.28
0.31
0.73
0.99
0.98
0.92
0.79
Cumbria total
0.82
1.04
2.02
2.95
2.91
2.66
2.07
These figures reflect the impact of the recession with a 29% drop in national
insurance registrations between 2007 and 2009.
Despite the drop, the overall trend is for continued overseas Migration, with over
2000 NINO registrations per year in Cumbria.
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
July 2010
18
Cumbria Multi-Cultural Service Statistics 2009-10
The Cumbria Multi-Cultural Service is a free County Council funded advocacy
service for Black and Minority Ethnic people. Recently the service has developed a
bank of dual language advocates and is in the process of developing an on-line one
stop shop for people who do not speak English to access information.
Following the growth of the BME population they have seen a significant expansion of
their work and now handle over 2000 issues per year.
The graph below gives a breakdown of the nationalities and issues that they work
with:
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
Other
NINO
DVLA
Health
Housing
Utilities
Tax
Employ
WTC
Benefits
Immig.
0%
Other
Iranian
Libya
Portugese
Slovak
Iraqi
Kosovar
Nigerian
Albanian
Pakistani
Indian
Hungarian
Bangladeshi
British
Latvian
Bulgarian
Romanian
Turkish
Chinese
Filipino
Thai
Lithuanian
Polish
The tables below give a breakdown of the top 10 areas of demand on the service
split by locality. The analysis shows the following striking features:
 Barrow has the highest demand for support on immigration, utilities, health
and housing.
 Penrith has the highest demand for benefits support, tax, employment,
national insurance and DVLA.
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
July 2010
19


Windermere – immigration and Working tax Credit are the main areas of
demand.
Maryport – benefits is the main area of demand.
Immigration
Benefits
Working Tax Credit
Employment
Tax
Utilities
Housing
Health
DVLA
National Insurance
Other issues
TOTALS
Barrow
160
116
40
56
22
70
56
47
32
10
80
689
Carlisle
80
21
25
30
17
22
8
3
6
6
31
249
Penrith
114
182
113
89
123
61
19
34
61
45
76
917
Maryport
53
94
37
33
18
29
29
26
8
10
35
372
Windermere
53
27
45
29
19
16
14
9
8
5
29
254
460
440
260
237
199
198
126
119
115
76
251
2481
200
180
160
140
Barrow
120
Carlisle
100
80
Penrith
Maryport
60
Windermere
40
20
*
es
o
su
iN
er
is
N
O
th
th
ea
l
VL
A
D
g
H
in
ou
s
H
til
i
tie
s
x
E
U
Ta
C
re
m
pl dit
oy
m
en
t
its
ng
Ta
x
en
ef
B
W
or
ki
Im
m
ig
ra
tio
n
0
The gender profile shows the following findings:
 Females more likely than males to seek support on immigration, employment,
housing and health.
 Males more likely than females to seek support on Working Tax Credit, tax
and National Insurance registration.
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
July 2010
20
300
250
200
150
Male
100
Female
50
0
460
440
260
237
ImmigrationBenefits WTC Employ
199
Tax
198
126
119
115
Utilities Housing Health DVLA
76
251
NINO
Other
Numbers of ESOL learners registered in Cumbria
Academic Year
2006/07
2007/08
Total ESOL learners
843
630
Total % compared to NINO
71%
76.5%
Comment: Between 2006/7 and 2007/8 there was a 25% reduction in the number
of ESOL learners, which is in line with the drop in NINO registrations.
Ethnicity
White other
Chinese
Asian (this merges
four categories)
Numbers of
ESOL learners
2006/7: 595
2007/8: 486
2006/7: 62
2007/8: 16
% of ESOL
learners
70%
77%
7.35%
2.5%
2006/7: 32
2007/8: 35
3.8%
5.5%
Comment
% are in line with other
ethnic data in Cumbria.
Unexplained drop in % of
Chinese people accessing
ESOL
All figures are female – no
male learners recorded.
Asian learners are the only
group who appear to have
increased access.
Requests for translators and interpreters: Cumbria Children’s Services
Total
Total
% Polish
% non-EU
Languages
requests
languages
2008-9
12
40
40%
20%
2009-10
20
152
45%
22%
Comment: These figures suggest that although less people are entering the UK, the
migrants who remain are more likely to use statutory services. The figures also show
that a significantly lower proportion are Polish, and one in five people requiring an
interpreter or translator speak a non-EU language.
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
July 2010
21
Children’s
Services Locality
Carlisle
West
Furness
East
% of
total
59%
12%
11%
17%
% of requests
Polish
40%
83%
54%
40%
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
Non EU
32%
Total number
of languages
18
3
4
4
July 2010
22
Section 4: Community relations, tackling prejudice and
hate crime
Since the Cumbria Attitudes Survey (2004), there has been a focus on tackling
prejudice and improving community relations. Violence against women has also been
a priority area for tackling prejudice and promoting gender equality.
This section presents the results of mapping research into:
 % people who think people from different backgrounds get along
 Findings from Cumbria Attitudes Survey (2004 and 2007, to be repeated
2010)
 Hate incidents and school racial incidents
 Violence against women
Graph: National Indicator 1: % People who think people from different
backgrounds get on in their local area
86.00%
84.00%
82.00%
80.00%
78.00%
76.00%
74.00%
72.00%
70.00%
68.00%
C
ar
lis
le
A
C
op
el
an
d
lle
rd
al
e
ar
ro
w
B
E
de
n
C
um
br
ia
S
ou
th
La
ke
s
Series1
Comment: When benchmarked against 150 authorities Carlisle was in joint 97th
place. The results from Barrow suggest that deprivation is not a determining factor
for people’s perceptions of whether people from different backgrounds got on.
Graph: National Indicator 2: % People who feel they belong to the local
area
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
Series1
ol
ds
ye
ar
br
ia
-2
4
C
18
E
M
B
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
um
rli
sl
e
C
a
d
ar
ro
w
B
pe
la
n
le
C
o
A
lle
rd
a
de
n
E
.L
ak
es
S
C
u
m
b
ria
20%
10%
0%
July 2010
23
Comment: Belonging to the local area does seem to be more strongly linked to
age, ethnicity, and living in urban areas. BME people and young adults are significantly
less likely to feel that they belong.
Table 1: Rate of hate incidents reported to the police per 100,000 people
June 2006-November 2009
1200
1000
800
Hate Crimes
Rate per 100,000
600
400
200
0
Cumbria
Allerdale
Barrow
Carlisle
Copeland
Eden
South Lakeland
Hate Crimes
1126
346
412
391
302
92
410
Rate per 100,000
227
366
574
378
429
177
391
The rate of hate incidents reported to the police over three years shows that
Barrow and Copeland have the highest rates of reported incidents. Carlisle has the
absolute highest rates of reported incidents.
Domestic Violence and Violence against women and girls
Total estimated costs of Domestic Violence and Violence against women and girls.
Total
costs
(not
including
human
and
emotion
al costs)
£
47,3m
Physical
and
mental
health
care
costs
£
10,2m
Criminal
justice
costs
£
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
6,4m
Other
costs
(incl.
housing,
civil
legal &
employ
ment
costs)
Social
services
costs
£
1,2m
£
29m
Human
and
emotional
costs
£
July 2010
151m
24
Section 5: Health and Well Being
Life expectancy: Age, Gender and Socio-economic status
Life expectancy in Cumbria is similar to the national average – a newborn baby boy
could expect to live 77.8 years and a newborn baby girl 81.4 years. There is some
variation in life expectancy between Cumbria’s districts; a baby boy born in South
Lakeland could expect to live 3 years longer than a baby boy born in Barrow-inFurness, while a baby girl born in Eden could expect to live just over 3 years longer
than a baby girl born in Copeland. More significant variations are present at local
levels within the county with a life expectancy gap of 20 years existing between the
wards with the highest and lowest levels (Greystoke ward In Eden and Moss May
ward in Allerdale respectively). Figure 6 shows life expectancy for males and females
across each district compared to county and national figures.
Figure 6: ONS Life Expectancy at Birth: Cumbria's Districts 2006-2008
Life Expectancy (Years)
85
Males
Females
80
National - Males
National - Females
75
Cumbria - Males
Cumbria - Females
70
Allerdale
Barrow-in-
Carlisle
Furness
Copeland
Eden
South
Lakeland
Another area of inequality in life expectancy is in the differences in life expectancy
for males and females of different socio-economic status. The table below
summarises the life expectancy gap between the wealthiest and least wealthy 20% of
males and females in each district.
Table: Gap in life expectancy between wealthiest and most deprived
males and females
Male
Female
Allerdale
7.5 years
4.3 years
Barrow
7.6 years
2.7 years
Copeland
7.9 years
8.2 years
Carlisle
7.1 years
5.7 years
Eden
8.9 years
-0.2 years
South Lakes
6 years
6.5 years
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
July 2010
25
Information contained in the 2009 Cumbria Joint Strategic Needs Assessment (JSNA)
shows that Circulatory Disease and Cancer account for 35% and 23% of all years of
lost life in the county and contributed most to life expectancy differences between
the six districts. The JSNA report also shows that lifestyle factors such as smoking,
alcohol misuse and obesity also have an affect on the variation in life expectancy
across Cumbria. For example, estimated smoking prevalence in Copeland is under
30% compared to 20% in South Lakeland, the hospital admission rate for alcohol in
Copeland is over 2,100 per 100,000 compared to 1,000 per 100,000 in Eden, and
childhood obesity for Year 6 pupils in Barrow is 24% compared to 17% in South
Lakeland.
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
July 2010
26
Section 7: Employment and local labour market
Economic Activity: Gender 2008
90.0%
80.0%
Percentage
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
Males
Females
Males
Cumbria
Females
North West
Males
Females
England
Economic activity
In Employment
Employees
Self Employed
Unemployed
Economically Inactive
Comment: Overall this graph shows that gender differences in employment are
stronger in Cumbria than in the North West and England. The following points can
be seen:
 The % of women who are economically active is lower in Cumbria
 The % of women who are self-employed is lower in Cumbria
 The % of women who are employees is higher in Cumbria
Job Seekers’ Allowance: Age
Across Cumbria’s working age population an average of 8.7% in April 2009 were on
Job Seekers’ Allowance. The graph below presents a breakdown by age group.
Graph: Job Seeker’s Allowance by age
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
July 2010
27
Cumbria: JSA claimants by age
25.0
20.0
15.0
%
10.0
5.0
0.0
Cumbria
<17
17
18
19
20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60+
0.0
0.3
5.5
6.4
22.0 13.8
9.4
8.8
9.6
9.0
7.3
6.5
1.3
Age
(Source: Office for National Statistics, April 2009. Note: Data has been rounded)
Comment: The highest levels of unemployment can be found in those aged
between 20-24years (22% of all JSA claimants), significantly higher than any other age
group, this is followed by those aged 25-29years at 13.8%.
JSA claimants by age by district
30.0
Allerdale
25.0
Barrow-inFurness
Carlisle
20.0
Copeland
%
15.0
Eden
South Lakeland
10.0
5.0
60
+
4
9
-5
55
-5
50
9
-4
45
9
4
-4
40
-3
4
35
-3
30
9
25
-2
4
-2
20
19
18
17
<1
7
0.0
Age
Comment: Copeland has the highest level of unemployment for those aged 2024years (24.4%). Carlisle has the highest level of unemployment for those aged
17years (0.6%). Barrow has the highest levels of unemployment for those aged
18years (6.3%), 19years (7.3%), and 25-29years (14.7%). Carlisle has the highest
unemployment representation in the 30-34years category (10.4%). Eden and South
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
July 2010
28
Lakeland are over represented in all 50+ categories (this is probably due to the older
age profile of both districts).
Youth Unemployment
Table 7: Youth unemployment (aged 24 & under) April 2009
Change
No.
%
Monthly Annual
Allerdale
555
33.5
-30
185
Barrow
550
37.9
-30
125
Carlisle
760
34.3
-20
310
Copeland
535
37.2
-35
90
Eden
130
29.0
15
75
South Lakeland
235
27.4
-35
120
Cumbria
2,760
34.3
-150
905
North West
63,400
32.6
240
25,175
UK
469,670
30.2
55
208,350
(Source: Office for National Statistics, April 2009. Note: % are of all unemployed)
Comment: Looking at those aged 24years and under, we can see from the table
below that Barrow has the highest level of youth unemployment at 37.9%, which is
above the national (30.2%) and regional (32.6%) levels, this is closely followed by
Copeland with 37.2%.
Jobs Seekers’ Allowance: Gender
3.9% of males make up the total number of JSA claimants in Cumbria (as a proportion of the
resident working age population), females make up just 1.4%. The highest rate of male
claimants are in the Carlisle district (5%) along with the highest number of female claimants
(1.8%)
JSA Claimants by gender
2.3
Females %
2.2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.6
1.4
6.7
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
h
or
t
N
ain
br
ia
um
C
La
ke
l an
Br
it
1.9
G
re
ta
2
5.8
3.9
W
es
t
0.9
d
0.8
h
Ed
en
4.9
So
ut
C
sl e
ar
li
C
ro
w
op
el
an
d
5
4.9
4.4
Ba
r
Al
le
rd
ale
10
9
8
7
6
% 5
4
3
2
1
0
July 2010
Males %
29
(Source: ONS Claimant count, April 2009. Note: % is a proportion of resident working age people)
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
July 2010
30
Cumbria Equality Mapping Report
July 2010