Subject:
Ashley
Hutson Term
Topic: PROJECTS
Project Historian
Bruce
Catton
Author:
Ashley
Date: December 9, 2009 8:22 PM
Hutson
The purpose of this project is to analyze the works of the historian and author Bruce
Catton. Catton is a respected historian recognized by many as an expert in his field.
Catton was also a prolific author writing over twenty books. These books covered a period
of history from 1492, through the American Civil War, and America’s involvement in other
twentieth century conflicts. The bulk of the books written by Bruce Catton alone and
some co-authored by his son William, span a period of thirty-five years of Catton’s life.
Bruce Catton’s works had a unique style. The major focus of Catton’s historical volumes
is a recounting of the American Civil War. While researching and reading Catton’s
writings, a definite plan must be drawn to reach a conclusion. Historians and researchers
should picture a target when looking at Catton’s recordings. The outer rings of the target
would be his minor works about history. The bulls eye must be considered Catton’s
contributions to the history of the American Civil War.
The starting point for this task has to be an overview of Bruce Catton’s background.
Historians must look at Catton’s life to be able to scrutinize and place in perspective his
contributions. Bruce Catton was born in 1899 and died in 1978. Catton spent his early
years in Michigan. It is important to understand that the area around the town Benzonia,
in which he lived, was populated by many veterans of the Civil War. Catton would later
recount some of the stories he heard from these veterans in his works. Catton began his
career as a journalist and later served as a member of the War Production Board during
World War II. His experience led to his first major work The Warlords of Washington,
published in 1948. In 1952, Catton put his other interests aside and devoted the
remainder of his life to researching and compiling his literary works. In 1954, he received
the Pulitzer Prize for his book A Stillness At Appomattox. Catton was also given the
National Book Award for history that same year. Catton was one of four founders of
American Heritage magazine. Here he fulfilled many roles. He was a writer, reviewer, and
an editor. In the very first issue of the magazine Catton said, “We intend to deal with that
great, unfinished, and illogically inspiring story of the American people doing, being, and
becoming. Our American heritage is greater than any one of us. It can express itself in
very homely truths; in the end it can lift up our eyes beyond the glow in the sunset
skies.” (Note 1) Catton then began to write extensively on the military history of the Civil
War. He continued serving as an editor of the magazine and writing about history until
his death in 1978.
A starting point for understanding Catton’s contributions in a historical perspective must
begin with one of his last works, The Bold and Magnificent Dream: America’s Founding
Years 1492-1815. This book should be required reading for anyone studying and trying to
understand Bruce Catton. The author, along with his son, William, narrates and analyzes
these years in World and early American history. He traces the reason for exploring and
discovering America back to Rome and through the years when Europe was under siege
by the Mongols. The Cattons take the reader from the discovery of America, through the
founding of the colonies, into the American Revolution, and conclude their descriptions
with the War of 1812.
Catton has a tendency throughout the book to put an exclamation point on his
interpretations. In sum, what had evolved in the millennium since Rome’s fall was by all
the odds the most dynamic, aggressive, adaptive people on the face of the earth. (Note
2) His style is unique and somewhat personalized. Catton has been criticized for this work
because he does not footnote any of his sources of information. While this book is
historically accurate, Catton’s style comes into conflict with what many would consider
the norm.
This work leaves open questions pertaining to his objectiveness in the work. In a review
of the work, written in 1979, J.M. Bumsted shows this is obvious. Bumsted states, The
Bold and Magnificent Dream is a combination of narrative and interpretive essay, in which
the authors have not sought to break new ground, but to impose their own thoughts and
order upon conventional historical methods. (Note 3) J.M. Bumsted questions whether
Catton’s work is nothing more than an essay of personal opinions. He goes on to say that
the publishers appear to assume the work as nothing more than an extensive essay of
personal opinions. He states the book is overwritten. He also feels the authors did not
remain consistent in their interpretations of the people and events they were writing
about. Bumsted goes on to become accusatory of the authors, when he says George
Bancroft still lives. Do Americans really still prefer their popular history in the Bancroft
tradition? (Note 4) He leaves the impression of anyone reading this review that in his
opinion that this is a work of history that was obviously written for the popular
market.(Note 5)
In the same year, John Strassburger of Hiram College takes the opposite view. In his
opinion this is one of Catton’s greatest works. Strassburger thinks The Bold and
Magnificent Dream is a brilliant work. He calls the book an accurate portrayal of history.
A grand and glorious story held together by the march of progress and spiced with
captivating detail. (Note 6) The content of the book has enough in it to make even the
professional historian pause. (Note 7) He feels that the work has a kind of presentmindedness in it.
Bruce Catton’s work, This Hallowed Ground: The Story of the Union Side of the Civil War,
was written in 1956. Catton relates the period leading up to and including the American
Civil War from a personalized perspective. The author gives his view of the war based on
the military exploits of the Army of the Potomac. His portrayals of the events and battles
are almost history being lived by the reader. Catton widens the scope of the story by
including social, political, and economic matters, as they pertain to this period. Catton’s
style has brought both kudos and criticism from reviewers and historians. Reading the
book, one can see many accurate historical facts. However, as with his other books,
Catton has a tendency to put his own unique stamp on the events. The story of the Civil
War is really the story of a great many young men who got into uniform by a process
they never quite understood and who hoped, every individual one of them, that they
would somehow live through it and get back to nurse the great memories of old soldiers.
(Note 8) Catton’s style sometimes over uses metaphors that may not be necessary and
should be discounted by a historian reading the work. It had begun with flags and cheers
and the glint of brave words on the spring wind, with drumbeats setting a gay rhythm for
the feet of young men who believed that the war would beat clerking. (Note 9) His style
uses lead-ins like this to draw the reader into historical events. Many reviews feel that
the “true greatness” of this book lies in Catton’s deeply moving analysis of the issues as
he searches for the true meaning of the war. (Note 10)
Kent Packard takes a unique approach when looking at Catton’s This Hallowed Ground.
Packard says the book was written with the greatest historical care and it brings forth the
facts based on source records and judicious selection. (Note 11) He says, “It is the best
one volume approach to the war this reviewer has ever seen.” (Note 12) While the overall
tone of the review is positive, Packard feels as though he must question some of the
literary license taken by Bruce Catton. There is one aspect of Mr. Catton’s handling of this
book which is open to argument…that is an undue psychological probing as to what the
various generals were thinking and why they acted that way. (Note 13)
Author Roy F. Nichols’s review, written in 1957 for the American Historical Association,
seems to concur with Packard’s analysis that This Hallowed Ground has both pertinent
historical information and some failings by the author based on his personal input.
Nichols states that Catton’s retelling of the campaigns and strategy of the Union
command are set forth probably more clearly than by any other historian. (Note 14) On
the other side of the argument, Nichols takes Catton to task about his style when
describing some of the events. His technique in dealing with them has not equaled his
preoccupation. (Note 15) He goes on to criticize the way that Catton seems to
romanticize some of the events. In Nichols’s view, the war was more than a crusade. It
was a struggle for political and economic power. (Note 16) He feels as though Catton did
not hit home hard enough in making these points to anyone using This Hallowed Ground
as a singular source of study about the American Civil War.
Fred W. Wellborn’s review was written in 1957, one year after Catton published This
Hallowed Ground. The tone of the review starts off positive and Wellborn compliments
Catton on his style of writing. Catton has no superior in his chosen field. (Note 17)
Wellborn’s compliments pertain only to Catton’s style. He then goes on to be critical of
Catton’s work when it comes to being detailed from a historical standpoint.
Fred Wellborn states that This Hallowed Ground shows a bias in favor of the western
soldiers and their feats during the war. He feels that Catton should have provided more
detail about the overall strategy of the war. Wellborn criticizes the lack of detail about the
southern viewpoint. He condemns Catton for his brief excursions into southern ideology
and motives in the conflict. (Note 18) He thinks that although the book is written from
the Union perspective, the thesis of union and freedom is probably overdone. (Note 19)
There are three definitive historical books about Ulysses Simpson Grant and his military
career. These can be referred to as the Grant Trilogy. The first book in this series was
Captain Sam Grant written by Lloyd Lewis. The second book in the series is Grant Moves
South by Bruce Catton. The third book, Grant Takes Command, was also written by Bruce
Catton. This book deals with Grant and the Civil War from the period of 1863, when Grant
led the Union forces to victory in the West, and through the ending of the Civil War and
the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Published in 1969, Grant Takes Command was
Catton’s last major book about the Civil War.
Catton personalizes the history by allowing the reader a look into Grant’s thoughts. He
offers a unique perspective of Grant’s visions. The war was still to be won, and the
victory lay far away, beyond the darkness, but already Grant was thinking about
rebuilding the broken Union. (Note 20) Grant Takes Command gives the reader insight
into thoughts of other historical figures that came in and out of Grant’s life during these
years. Lincoln’s decision to put Grant in overall command of the Union troops did not
have universal support; even people close to Grant had their doubts about his ability to
take on the task. Lieutenant Colonel John Rawlins served on Grant’s staff and was loyal
to him. However, even Rawlins questioned Grant’s abilities. I grow dizzy in looking from
all the eminence he has attained, and tremble at the great responsibility about to devolve
upon him. (Note 21) Grant Takes Command concludes after the assassination of Lincoln.
Looking at the end quote from Catton, a historian can reach the conclusion that Catton
probably planned to continue the Grant saga in future books. The war was over and now
everything would be different. One of these veterans, moving along a shadowed new
path after living in a world where he had seen the path so clearly, was General Grant.
(Note 22)
The overall reception to Grant Takes Command was positive. However, some historians
called into question Catton’s style for relating history. Catton was challenged by
academicians. (Note 23) Some historians repeatedly said that Catton was guilty of being
over sympathetic toward his subjects. In a review of Grant Takes Command written in
1969, Hal Bridges reaffirms this outlook. Catton, of course, is not immune to the charge
so frequently leveled against the biographer, namely, that he is overly sympathetic
towards his subject. (Note 24) He feels that throughout the work, no matter what the
situation, Grant is portrayed by Catton in a favorable light. Bridges criticizes the book
because it does not reach a summation or evaluate Grant’s performance with that of his
peers.
Thomas Robson Hay reviewed Grant Takes Command for the Pennsylvania Magazine of
History and Biography in 1969. Hay treats the work as a positive historical retelling of the
life of Grant. Grant, the man, dominates the narrative and he has been explained more
clearly than in any other previous account of his leadership in the war. (Note 25) He goes
on to say that the author gives an interesting account of Grant’s relations with other
generals, leaders, politicians, and people who came in and out of Grant’s life during these
years.
A number of current sources available treat the work positively. As any good history
should, it there by answers the crucial questions concerning its topic. (Note 26) Grant
Takes Command gives us invaluable assistance in untangling the enigma of this
remarkable Union warrior. (Note 27) The publisher’s synopsis could very well serve as an
almost universal interpretation of the way the majority of people feel about Grant Takes
Command. It is a classic work of military history, follows the enigmatic commander in
chief of the Union forces through the last year and a half of the Civil War. It is both a
revelatory portrait of Ulysses S. Grant and the dramatic story of how the war was won.
(Note 28)
Bruce Catton’s style and personalization of history generated controversy and
compliments from fellow writers and historians. Catton’s works about the Civil War are
without equal. His dedication to this important period of American history can be
summarized in the following quote by the writer and historian. “The Civil War was the
biggest thing that ever happened to us. It was our Iliad and our Odyssey --- and it
remains our least understood war.”(Note 29)
Bruce Catton’s unique style of historical writing draws the reader in. The interest,
generated after reading and reviewing The Bold and Magnificent Dream: America’s
Founding Years 1492-1815, This Hallowed Ground: The Story of the Union Side of the
Civil War, and Grant Takes Command, causes a researcher to go a step beyond these
three books. Catton’s The Civil War (Unabridged) is a must read for anyone looking at
this period in American history. This book sparked an interest in further research by this
student of history about the American Civil War.
As a history student, Catton’s works, his style, and attention to detail, led to further
research about the Civil War. In all probability, the interest in pursuing this research
would not have taken place prior to reading Catton’s books. The information gathered
after going through the door opened by Catton relates the writer’s personal perspective
on the American Civil War.
The American Civil War was an event that set the course of the history of our country for
the next century and beyond. Some effects of this conflict can still be felt today. The Civil
War is one of the most interesting, heartbreaking, and misunderstood periods of
American History. Thousands of books have been written about this war. The battles,
leaders, and causes are still studied and analyzed by our military, historians, and
teachers. However, there are many little known facts and misconceptions about this
historical period.
Ask the average person about the stated cause of the Civil War and the most common
answer would be to abolish slavery. That was not the “official” reason for the Union
States declaring war against the South. The United States Congress met in July 1861 to
pass a resolution and set down a written purpose for the aims of the North. The result
was called, the Crittenden-Johnson Resolution. (Note 30) Crittenden was a Congressman
from Ohio. Andrew Johnson, who was to follow Lincoln as President after his
assassination, was a Senator from Tennessee. The resolution stated that the war was not
being fought to end slavery. It said that the only purpose for going to war was to defend
the Constitution and to preserve the Union. (Note 31)
Northern abolitionists were very unhappy about this language, because they wanted their
Congress to state that abolishing slavery was a primary cause for action. A leading
abolitionist from Pennsylvania, Senator Stevens, fought against the bill, but it passed. He
later got it repealed in December of that year. Senator Johnson and Representative
Crittenden did not oppose this. The resolution had served a purpose. They had sought
passage without including slavery as a reason, because they wanted to keep the slave
states of Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri from joining the Confederacy.
Crittenden-Johnson gave the people of these swing states assurance that their slaves
were not at risk. Keeping Maryland a part of the Union was very important. If Maryland
had joined the other states in seceding, Washington DC would be completely surrounded
by Confederate territory.
Three of the greatest military leaders were Ulysses S. Grant, Robert E. Lee, and Thomas
J. “Stonewall” Jackson. There are many unknown facts about these “military geniuses.”
Uncovering some of these facts will shed some light on the true makeup of these
generals.
The average citizen is aware that Grant led the Northern armies to victory. Grant later
went on to become President of the United States. U.S. Grant was a man in the right
place at the right time. The majority of his victories can be attributed to the one sided
advantage the North had over the South in men, arms, equipment, and supplies. Grant
was a general who was not afraid to take the offense. It is believed he had a drinking
problem, which may have led to his aggressiveness.(Note 32)
Had Grant run for office today based on some of the blunders he committed, he would be
lucky to be elected dogcatcher. A move like the one Grant made in December 1862,
would end any politician’s hopes. Grant decided to expel Jews from the territory he
controlled in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi. He wrote a letter to the Secretary of
War explaining his reasons. Grant felt that trading violations had taken place by Jews and
other traders. He said the Jews seemed to be a privileged class that can travel
everywhere.
Cesar Kaskel was a Jewish merchant who would have been forced out of his home in
Kentucky. Luckily, Kaskel had met Abraham Lincoln when he was a young attorney. They
had become friends. Kaskel couldn’t believe Lincoln would support Grant’s orders. He
went to Washington and met with the President. Lincoln moved fast. He delivered
instructions to Grant to immediately revoke this order. Now the question is, was Grant
anti-Semitic? Probably not. Grant more than likely, was given bad advice by an officer
who was anti-Semitic or he signed an order without reading it. Later, after becoming
President, Grant’s administration was one of the most inept and corrupt ever to lead this
country.
Robert E. Lee was a competent general and leader. Lee was Commander of the Army of
Northern Virginia. Jefferson Davis did not give Lee leadership of all the Confederate
forces until the last few months of the war. By then it was too late for Lee to use his skills
to turn the tide. Lee’s tactics in the battles he won are studied today as a how-to for our
military. In many of the battles in which he defeated the Union forces, Lee was
outnumbered by two to one but he was able to “out general” the opposition. Unlike
Grant, Lee went into a civilian career. He became President of Washington College in
Lexington, Virginia. Robert E. Lee instituted this college’s first classes in business and
journalism. After his death, the college was renamed Washington and Lee.
Thomas J. Jackson had more ability as a general than either Lee or Grant. However,
Stonewall Jackson was a psychotic. Jackson was a hypochondriac who complained of bad
vision, lost hearing, stomach pains, and constant aches. (Note 33) He studied medicine
and anatomy and convinced himself he was suffering from the many of the things he
read about. Jackson would treat himself. His cures included taking mercury and inhaling
silver nitrate. (Note 34) In some ways Jackson was ahead of his time. He exercised
everyday. Many of his contemporaries thought this was odd. Even given all these mental
problems, Jackson was a military genius. Jackson was accidentally killed by his own
troops at the Battle of Chancellorsville. When told of Jackson’s death, Lee said, “I have
lost my right arm.” (Note 35)
Works by Catton and other historical sources can be eye-opening. Many people are not
familiar with the fact that the events of the Civil War helped form the personalities and
views of the men who would lead the country as Presidents for the next forty years. In
addition to Grant, five other future Presidents served the Union during the conflict with
the South.
Rutherford B. Hayes was almost forty when the war broke out. Hayes was wounded in
1861 and almost lost his left arm. While recovering from this wound, he nearly died.
Hayes survived and went on to see further action in the Shenandoah Valley Campaigns.
He ended the war as a major general. In 1877, he became President.
James Garfield was an officer under General Buell in Kentucky and fought at the Battle of
Shiloh. In 1862, he personally led a charge that caused the Confederate troops to retreat
and leave the Eastern part of the state. Garfield fought in the Battle of Chickamauga then
left the army in 1863 to take a seat in Congress. He was elected President in 1880.
Garfield would be the second President to be assassinated while in office.
Chester A. Arthur was elected Vice President in 1880. He became President upon James
Garfield’s death. Arthur served the Union cause during the war. However, he was
nowhere near the front lines. He served as quartermaster general for New York. He was
responsible for obtaining and delivering supplies to the soldiers from that state. His
efficiency led to his promotion to the rank of brigadier general.
Benjamin Harrison was the grandson of past President William Henry Harrison. Harrison
joined the conflict by raising a unit of volunteer infantry from the state of Indiana. He
served as the colonel and was later promoted to general. Harrison ran for President and
was elected in 1888.
William McKinley was a wagon driver and first sergeant from Ohio. The bloodiest day of
the Civil War occurred at Antietam in 1862. McKinley bravely drove his wagon into the
field under heavy enemy fire to give food rations to the hungry troops. These actions led
to his promotion to second lieutenant by his commanding officer Rutherford B. Hayes. He
was elected President in 1896 and 1900. Interesting is the fact that both Lincoln and
McKinley who survived the Civil War went onto meet death at the hands of assassins.
Ask a student of history when the Civil War ended. The majority would respond that it
ended with Lee’s surrender at Appomattox. In fact they would be wrong. The last battle
between the North and South was really fought in May 1865, a full month after open
conflict ended. (Note 36) An ambitious Union Colonel Theodore Barrett had seen very
little action during the war. He was afraid his political career would never start, because
of all the war heroes who would be running for office. The war had ended and he had
nothing to show for it. Barrett thought about Andrew Jackson whose victory at New
Orleans after the War of 1812 led to his becoming of President of the United States.
Barrett started the Battle of Palmetto Ranch in Texas. He attacked the Confederates who
knew the war was over, but wanted to fight the Union soldiers. Led by Major John Ford,
the Southerners repelled Barrett’s attack without losing a single life. Colonel Barrett, the
would-be hero, lost one hundred eighteen dead or wounded. About a month later, all
Confederate forces in Texas were disbanded. Barrett faded into his obscurity.
There is no doubt in this writer’s opinion that Bruce Catton is one of the most important
historians of the twentieth century. Catton’s mission statement could be found in the
closing sentences of a review written by John Strassburger. For many historians there is
an alternative rationale for what we do, and the Catton’s work forces us to rethink it once
more, perhaps with new clarity. (Note 37) Catton accomplished this mission by opening
the door, in the quest for knowledge, and leading this researcher through it. His works
generated an interest that made this reader go a step beyond in researching the
American Civil War.
Bruce Catton’s style of writing will always remain a topic of ongoing debate between
historians. There can be no debate that the way his analysis of events are written, they
stimulate discussion. Catton’s works should not be regarded as a destination, but must
be viewed as a starting point for any research pertaining to this great American conflict.
Notes
1. "Bruce Catton - Winner of the Pulitzer Prize - Grant Takes Command."
2. Bruce Catton and William Catton, The Bold and Magnificent Dream: America’s
Founding Years 1492-1815. (New York, NY: Gramercy Books, 1978), 40.
3. J.M. Bumsted, “Book Review: The Bold and Magnificent Dream: America’s Founding
Years, 1492-1815.” The Journal of American History 66, no. 3 (1979), 629.
4. Ibid.
5.Ibid.
6.John Strassburger, “Book Review: The Bold and Magnificent Dream: America’s
Founding Years, 1492-1815.” The Wisconsin Magazine of History 63, no. 1 (1979), 57.
7. Ibid.
8. Bruce Catton, This Hallowed Ground: The Story of the Union Side of the Civil War,
(Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company Inc., 1956), 320.
9. Ibid., 120.
10. “Bruce Catton.” Available from Comptom’s Interactive Encyclopedia. (The Learning
Company Inc., 1999) (accessed October 28, 2009).
11. Kent Packard, “Book Review: This Hallowed Ground: The Story of the Union Side of
the Civil War.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 81, no. 2 (1957),
214.
12. Packard, Review: This Hallowed Ground, 215.
13. Ibid.
14.Roy Nichols, “Book Review: This Hallowed Ground: The Story of the Union Side of the
Civil War.” The American Historical Review 63, no. 1 (1957), 143.
15. Ibid., 144.
16. Ibid.
17. Fred Wellborn. “Book Review: This Hallowed Ground: The Story of the Union Side of
the Civil War.” The Journal of Southern History 23, no. 3 (1957), 396.
18. Wellborn, Review: This Hallowed Ground, 397.
19. Ibid.
20. Bruce Catton, Grant Takes Command, (Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company,
1969), 19
21. Catton, Grant, 117.
22. Ibid., 491.
23. Carol Reardon, “Bruce Catton.” Twentieth-Century American Historians. Ed. Clyde
Norman Wilson. Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol. 17. (Detroit, MI: Gale Research,
1983), 3.
24. Hal Bridges, “Book Review: Grant Takes Command.” The Journal of Southern History
35, no. 4 (1969), 580.
25. Thomas Hay, “Book Review: Grant Takes Command.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of
History and Biography 93, no. 4 (1969), 559.
26. "Bruce Catton - Winner of the Pulitzer Prize - Grant Takes Command."
http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/681648.Grant_Takes_Command (accessed
December 6, 2009).
27. "Bruce Catton - Winner of the Pulitzer Prize - Grant Takes Command."
http://www.amazon.com/Grant-Takes-Command-Bruce-Catton/dp/0785812636
(accessed December 6, 2009).
28. “Grant Takes Command” http://barnesandnoble.com/Grant-Takes-Command/BruceCatton. (accessed December 6, 2009).
29. “Bruce Catton.” Available from Comptom’s Interactive Encyclopedia. (The Learning
Company Inc., 1999) (accessed October 28, 2009).
30. Michael Amedeo and Brady Avis, Civil War: Untold Tales of the Blue and Gray.
(Chicago, IL: West Side Publishing, 2007), 12.
31. Amedeo, Civil War, 12.
32. Ibid., 367.
33. Ibid., 194.
34. Ibid.
35. Ibid., 233.
36. Ibid., 451.
37. Strassburger, Book Review: The Bold and Magnificent, 57.
Works Cited
Amedeo, Michael, and Brady Avis. Civil War: Untold Tales of the Blue and Gray. Chicago,
Illinois: West Side Publishing, 2007.
Blackwell Burke, Melissa. Presidents. Lincolnwood, Illinois: Publications International,
Ltd., 2002.
Bridges, Hal. “Book Review: Grant Takes Command.” The Journal of Southern History 35,
no. 4 (1969), 579-580, (accessed October 18, 2009),
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2206860.
Bumsted, J.M. "Book Review: The Bold and Magnificent Dream: America’s Founding
Years, 1492-1815.” The Journal of American History 66, no. 3 (1979), 629, (accessed
October 18, 2009), http://www.jstor.org/stable/1890313.
Catton, Bruce. Grant Takes Command. Boston, Massachusetts: Little, Brown and
Company, 1969.
Catton, Bruce. This Hallowed Ground: The Story of the Union Side of the Civil War.
Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company Inc., 1956.
Catton, Bruce, and William Catton. The Bold and Magnificent Dream: America’s Founding
Years 1492-1815. New York, New York: Gramercy Books, 1978.
Hay, Thomas. “Book Review: Grant Takes Command.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of
History and Biography 93, no. 4 (1969), 559-560, (accessed October 18, 2009),
http://www.jstor.org/stable/20090374.
Graham, Martin, and Richard Sauers. The Blue & the Gray: The Conflict Between North &
South. Lincolnwood, Illinois: Publications International Ltd., 1996.
Nichols, Roy. “Book Review: This Hallowed Ground: The Story of the Union Side of the
Civil War.” The American Historical Review 63, no. 1 (1957), 143-144, (accessed October
18, 2009), http://www.jstor.org/stable/1847162.
Packard, Kent. “Book Review: This Hallowed Ground: The Story of the Union Side of the
Civil War.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 81, no. 2 (1957), 214216, (accessed October 18, 2009), http://www.jstor.org/stable/20088976.
Reardon, Carol. “Bruce Catton.” Twentieth-Century American Historians. Ed. Clyde
Norman Wilson. Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol. 17. Detroit: Gale Research, 1983.
Strassburger, John. “Book Review: The Bold and Magnificent Dream: America’s Founding
Years, 1492-1815.” The Wisconsin Magazine of History 63, no. 1 (1979), 56-57,
(accessed October 18, 2009), http://www.jstor.org/stable/4635378.
Wellborn, Fred. “Book Review: This Hallowed Ground: The Story of the Union Side of the
Civil War.” The Journal of Southern History 23, no. 3 (1957), 395-397, (accessed October
18, 2009), http://www.jstor.org/stable/2954901.
“Bruce Catton.” Available from Comptom’s Interactive Encyclopedia. (The Learning
Company Inc., 1999) (accessed October 28, 2009).
"Bruce Catton - Winner of the Pulitzer Prize - Grant Takes Command."
http://www.amazon.com/Grant-Takes-Command-Bruce-Catton/dp/0785812636
(accessed December 6, 2009).
"Bruce Catton - Winner of the Pulitzer Prize - Grant Takes Command."
http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/681648.Grant_Takes_Command (accessed
December 6, 2009).
“Grant Takes Command” http://barnesandnoble.com/Grant-Takes-Command/BruceCatton. (accessed December 6, 2009).
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