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Ch 21 Study Guide
1. Three of the following statements express general beliefs of the progressives. Which is the
exception?
A) An optimistic vision that society is capable of improvement.
B) A belief that growth and progress should not occur recklessly as they had in the late
nineteenth century.
C) A conviction that direct, purposeful human intervention in social and economic affairs was
needed to order and improve society and play an important role in improving and stabilizing
society
D) A dedication to the theory that the natural law of the marketplace and the doctrines of laissezfaire and Social Darwinism would help solve societal problems
2. Ida Tarbell and Lincoln Steffens were most closely associated with:
A) muckraking
B) the Social Gospel
C) Social Darwinism
D) sociological jurisprudence
3. One of the most significant examples of the Social Gospel at work was
A) Tammany Hall
B) the Salvation Army
C) the Chamber of Commerce
D) the General Federation of Women’s Club
4. The Social Gospel:
A) helped bring to progressivism a powerful moral component
B) became the dominate philosophy in urban reform
C) was dismissed by serious reformers as irrelevant moralization
D) was rejected as materialistic by Pope Leo XIII
5. Most historians:
A) view progressivism as a movement of the “people” against the special interest
B) view progressivism as the efforts of a displaced elite to regain their former status with
American society
C) view progressivism as the efforts of corporate leaders to protect themselves from competition
D) cannot agree about the nature of progressivism
6. One of the strongest elements of progressive thought stressed that ignorance, poverty, and
even criminally resulted mainly from:
A) a person’s “fitness” for survival
B) inherent moral or genetic failings
C) the workings of divine providence
D) the effects of an undesirable environment
7. Jane Addams’s Hull house established for the purpose of
A) treating the insane
B) rehabilitating drug addicts
C) aiding the urban poor, especially immigrants
D) disseminating scientific-farming information
8. Progressive humanitarian efforts emphasized the need for
A) compassion
B) understanding of ethnic differences
C) scientific expertise
D) racial cooperation
9. Professional organizations were designed to defend their professions from all of the following
EXCEPT
A) incompetent practitioners
B) excessive competition
C) gender and ethnic discrimination
D) a denigration of their prestige within American society
10. The professional roles available to women in the early twentieth century were:
A) widely expanded by custom and law into virtually every field of work
B) restricted entirely to the settlement houses and social work
C) free of the organizational trends characterizing the male professional world
D) most often those involving “helping” or “domestic” activities associated with traditionally
female roles
11. The “New Woman” movement was sparked by which of the following?
A) declining birth rates
B) children attending school at earlier ages
C) technological innovations such as running water and electricity
D) all of the above
12. The women’s club movement tended to attract its membership primarily from:
A) the rural poor
B) recent immigrants
C) the urban working class
D) the urban middle and upper classes
13. In general, the women’s club movement:
A) confined the activities to social and cultural events
B) seldom adopted positions on controversial public issues
C) overly challenged the prevailing assumptions about the proper role of women in society
D) played an important role in winning passage of state laws requiring conditions of housing and
the workplace
14. The advocates of women’s suffrage significantly increased their general public support
during the progressive era when they put increased emphasis on the argument that women’s
suffrage would:
A) lead to full social and economic power for women within a generation
B) increase political power and office-holding opportunities available to women
C) bring more women into the individual work force, thereby countering recession
D) enhance the likelihood of the successful enactment of other progressive reform causes
15. During the first two decades of the twentieth century, before the ratification of the Nineteenth
Amendment, women gained the right to vote in at least some elections in:
A) all of the states
B) only a few states in the Far West
C) the majority of the states
D) one of the states
16. The most important professional opportunity open to educated American-American women
in the early years of the twentieth century was:
A) law
B) medicine
C) education
D) journalism
17. The secret ballot was adopted by most states:
A) right after the Constitution was ratified
B) during the rise of “Jacksonian Democracy”
C) during the Reconstruction period
D) during the late nineteenth century
18. During the progressive period, a new form of city government was developed in which the
elected city officials hired a professionally trained administrator to run the government. This
administrator was usually known as the:
A) strong mayor
B) city manager
C) municipal commissioner
D) urban administrative specialist
19. Which of the following was NOT a progressive electoral reform measure?
A) recall
B) initiative
C) referendum
D) election by district or ward
20. Robert H. La Follette was significant in the progressive period of American history as:
A) an investigative reporter
B) a reform mayor of Cleveland
C) a reform governor of Wisconsin
D) a corrupt city boss of New York
21. Which of the following was NOT an electoral reform adopted by some states in the
Progressive Era?
A) initiative and referendum
B) direct primary elections
C) banning of interest groups
D) recall of elected officials
22. Partly in response to progressive political reforms, the:
A) power of party organizations collapsed
B) turnout of eligible voters increased
C) influence of special-interest groups increased
D) influence of party bosses disappeared
23. W.E.B. DuBois:
A) told African Americans to “put down your bucket where you are”
B) was freed from slavery as a young boy
C) supported the Atlanta Compromise
D) argued that talented blacks should fight for a university education and full civil rights
24. Which of the following groups was not opposed to the ratification of the Eighteenth
Amendment (alcohol prohibition)?
A) Catholic immigrants
B) rural fundamentalists
C) settlement house workers
D) The Women’s Christian Temperance Union
25. The anti-immigration movement that emerged during the progressive period was fueled by
three of the following arguments. Which of the EXCEPTION?
A) Immigrants were creating unmanageable urban problems
B) Unrestricted immigration was a threat to the nation’s racial purity
C) The new immigrates were much less able to assimilate than were earlier immigrants
D) A completely open immigration policy was contrary to American tradition
26. John Dewey’s theories on “progressive education” advocated all of the following EXCEPT:
A) rote memorization was an ineffective way of learning
B) school’s developing a student’s social outlook
C) children best learn by doing
D) knowledge of the facts was the purpose of education
E) students should be encouraged to work on group projects
27. Lincoln Steffens, in his series of articles entitled “The Shame of the Cities”?
A) attacked the United States Senate
B) exposed the deplorable conditions of blacks in urban areas
C) unmasked the corrupt alliance between big business and municipal government
D) laid bare the practices of the stock market
28. Theodore Roosevelt’s chief criticism of the muckrakers was that they?:
A) influenced only a limited number of voters
B) supplied the Democrats with good political issues
C) undermined reforms already in progress
D) lacked sufficient documentation for many of their writings
E) were more adept at exposing abuses than at constructive efforts
29. The main purpose of initiative, referendum, and recall was to?:
A) reduce federal control over local government
B) enlarge citizens’ control over state and local governments
C) stimulate economic growth
D) restore the balance between state and federal power
30. The Nineteenth Amendment granting women the right to vote was embraced by many
Progressives because?:
A) a large minority of American voters now favored it
B) the women agitating for it moderated the radicalism of their campaign
C) the higher moral character of women would help clean up politics
D) it would offset growing jingoism and militarism, especially once World War I began
31. Jane Addams opened a settlement house for which of the following two reasons?:
A) to earn rent money and to fight the political bosses
B) to create a home base for launching a political career and to fight neighborhood crime
C) to help neighbors and to create meaningful work opportunities for educated women
D) to clean up Halsted Street and to become the first female war boss
32.The Niagara Movement, founded in 1905 by W.E.B. Du Bois, fought for?:
A) cheaper electricity in the St. Lawrence-upper New York region
B) greater public involvement in the electricity monopoly
C) woman suffrage
D) universal suffrage and civil rights for African Americans
33. As a result of the increasing demands for reform in medicine by the progressives, the medical
profession?:
A) established the American Medical Association, to represent the field as a whole
B) fought against the passage of state and local laws requiring the licensing of all physicians
C) opened the field to all practitioners in the field
D) all of these choices are correct
34. Most urban working people opposed the actions of the progressives against the party
machine because
A) the machines were a source of jobs and services
B) the bosses tended to be the same nationality as the progressives
C) they felt that the progressives were meddling, middle-class snobs who did not understand
their lives
D) they had been threatened with violence by the bosses if they supported the progressives
35. With respect to government-controlled public lands, Roosevelt generally favored?:
A) absolute preservation in their natural states
B) leasing for unrestricted private exploration
C) conservation with carefully managed development
D) outright sale to private developers who could use the land any way they wished
36. The primary emphasis of the progressive movement was on
A) freeing individuals and business from federal control
B) protecting farmers and small business from corporate power
C) strengthening government as an instrument of social betterment
D) organizing workers into a unified and class-conscious political party
37. Which of the following was NOT among the targets of muckraking journalistic exposes?
A) urban politics and government
B) the oil, insurance, and railroad industries
C) the U.S. Army and Navy
D) child labor and the “white slave” traffic in women
38. Most progressives were
A) poor farmers
B) urban workers
C) urban middle-class people
D) wealthy people
39. The states where progressivism first gained great influence were
A) Massachusetts, Maine, and new Hampshire
B) Wisconsin, Oregon, and California
C) Michigan, Kansas, and Nevada
D) New York, Florida, and Texas
40. Roosevelt ended the Pennsylvania coal strike by
A) urging labor and management to negotiate a settlement
B) passing federal legislation legalizing unions
C) forcing mediation by threatening to seize the coal mines and operate them with federal troops
D) declaring a national state of emergency and ordering the miners back to work
41. The Roosevelt-backed Elkin Act and Hepburn Act were aimed at
A) better protection for industrial workers
B) more effective regulation of the railroad industry
C) protection for consumers of beef and produce
D) breaking up the Standard Oil monopoly
42. Two areas where Roosevelt’s progressivism made its substantial headway were
A) agricultural and mining legislation
B) stock-market and securities legislation
C) immigration and racial legislation
D) consumer and conservation legislation
43. As a result of his successful campaign in 1908, William Howard Taft was expected to
A) continue and extend Roosevelt’s progressive policies
B) forge a coalition with William Jennings Bryan and the Democrats
C) emphasize foreign policy instead of Roosevelt’s domestic reforms
D) turn away from Roosevelt and toward the conservative wing of the Republican party
44. Roosevelt finally decided to break with the Republicans and form a third party because
A) he had always regarded the Republican party as too conservative
B) he could no longer stand to be in the same party as Taft
C) Taft used his control of the Republican convention to deny Roosevelt the nomination
D) Roosevelt believed that he would have a better chance of winning the presidency as a thirdparty candidate
45. According to Steffens, how did Teddy Roosevelt react to McKinley’s death?
A) Roosevelt felt that a heavy burden of the presidency had been placed upon him
B) Roosevelt reacted with glee at the power and place that had come to him
C) Roosevelt felt that the assassin should have been put to death
D) Roosevelt felt that the presidency was too much responsibility for any one man
46. How did Steffens and Teddy Roosevelt view the US Senate?
A) as a body of hard working individuals from each state
B) as a body sent to Washington by the party bosses and political machines
C) as representatives pledged to the Progressive Era as was Teddy Roosevelt
D) as a body of do nothings that should be sent packing back home
47. According to William Riordon’s article, A View of the Political Machine to enlist a young
person you need to?
A) hire them to work in one your shops
B) set them up with other youth to work in the neighborhoods
C) to study human nature and act accordingly
D) to find their weaknesses and use those to hold power over the youth
48. “The poor are the most grateful people in the world, and, let me tell you, they have more
friends in their neighborhoods than the rich have in theirs.” This statement is attributed to?
A) Teddy Roosevelt
B) William Riordon
C) George Plunkitt
D) Boss Platt
49. During the Progressive Era, the photographer Lewis Hine produced images of the
A) opulence of middle class culture
B) excitement of spectator sports
C) fervor of religious camp meetings
D) squalor of urban immigrant life
E) decline of rural life
50. In his book, The Jungle, Upton Sinclair described the
A) confining features of traditional marriage
B) degradation of women in big cities
C) suffering of Civil War soldiers
D) abuses in the meat packing industry
E) oppression of railroad workers
51. In his book, The Shame of the Cities, Lincoln Steffens criticized the
A) meat packing industry
B) corrupt alliance between business and local government
C) Standard Oil Company
D) large number of industrial accidents
E) substandard living conditions of immigrants
52. All of the following women were active in reforms during the Progressive Era EXCEPT
A) Ida Tarbell
B) Jane Addams
C) Carrie Chapman Catt
D) Florence Kelley
E) Elizabeth Cady Stanton
53. The people called “muckrakers” by Theodore Roosevelt were
A) crusading journalists
B) sausage manufactures
C) labor union organizers
D) strike breakers
E) public health inspectors
54. All of the following “Progressive Era” amendments were added to the Constitution EXCEPT
A) federal income tax
B) equal rights for women
C) direct election of senators
D) prohibition of alcohol
E) women’s suffrage
55. All of the following were “progressive” reforms EXCEPT the
A) referendum
B) recall
C) direct election of senators
D) Australian ballot
E) control of political parties by bosses
MATCHING PEOPLE, PLACES, and EVENTS
_____ Jacob Riis
_____ Lincoln Steffens
_____ Ida Tarbell
_____ Seventeenth Amendment
_____ Robert La Follette
_____ Anthracite coal strike
_____ Meat Inspection Act of
1906
_____ Triangle Shirtwaist
Company fire
A. New York City disaster that underscored urban workers’
need for government protection
B. The most influential of state-level progressive governors
and a presidential aspirant in 1912
C. Author of How the Other Half Lives, a shocking
description of the New York slums
D. Leading muckraking journalist whose articles documented
the Standard oil Company’s abuse of power
E. Dangerous labor conflict resolved by Rooseveltian
negotiation and threats against business people
F. Early muckraker who exposed the political corruption in
many American cities
G. Progressive measure that required U.S. senators to be
elected directly by the people rather than by state legislatures
H. Progressive law aimed at curbing practices like those
exposed in Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
MATCHING CAUSE AND EFFECT
CAUSE
EFFECT
_____ Progressive concern about
political corruption
_____ Roosevelt’s threat to seize the
anthracite coal miners
_____ Settlement Houses and
women’s club
_____ Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
_____ Roosevelt’s personal interest
in conservation
_____ Taft’s political mishandling
of tariff and conservation policies
_____ Roosevelt’s feeling that he
was cheated out of the Republican
nomination by the Taft machine
A. Ended the era of uncontrolled exploitation of nature
and involved the federal government in preserving
natural resources
B. Led to reforms like initiative, referendum, and direct
election of senators
C. Forced a compromise settlement of a strike that
threatened the national well-being
D. Outraged consumers and led to the Meat Inspection
Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act
E. laid the basis for a third-party crusade in the election
of 1912
F. Served as the launching pads for widespread female
involvement in progressive reform
G. Made Taft’s dollar-diplomacy policy a failure
IDENTIFICATION
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
1. Popular journalists who used publicity to expose corruption and
attack abuses of power in business and government.
2. Progressive proposal to allow voters to bypass state legislatures and
propose legislation themselves.
3. Progressive device that would enable voters to remove corrupt or
ineffective officials from office.
4. Roosevelt’s policy of having the federal government promotes the
public interest by dealing evenhandedly with both labor and business.
5. Upton Sinclair’s novel that inspired pro-consumer federal laws
regulating meat, food, and drugs.
6. Powerful women’s reform organization led by Frances Willard.