Dr. rer. nat. Peter Fischer
1
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CURRICULUM VITAE – Peter Fischer, Ph.D.
DATE
OFFICE ADDRESS:
January 5, 2006
Washington University School of Medicine,
Infectious Diseases Division,
660 S. Euclid, Campus Box 8051
St. Louis Mo 63110;
Phone: +1-314-4547876,
E-mail: Pufische@im.wustl.edu
DEGREES:
Habilitation and Venia Legendi (Parasitology, “Privatdozent”), 2004, research report:
“Studies on the control of human pathogenic filarial infections”, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Hamburg (Germany),
Ph.D. (Zoology, “Dr. rer. nat.”), 1996, thesis: “Parasitological, molecular biological and
epidemiological studies on the filarial parasite Onchocerca volvulus in Uganda”, Faculty
of Biology, University of Hamburg (Germany),
Master of Science (Biology, “Diplombiologe”), 1991, Major subjects: ecology, zoology,
parasitology, thesis: “Reservoir competence of European vertebrates for the tick-borne
agent of Lyme disease”, Faculty of Biology, Free University of Berlin (Germany).
POSTS HELD:
Since February 2005, Visiting Associate Professor, Infectious Diseases Division,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
1998-2005, Research Scientist and laboratory group leader filariasis research, Bernhard
Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNI), Hamburg, Germany
1997-1998, Postdoctoral fellow, Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College,
Northampton, MA, USA
1996-1997, Postdoctoral fellow, Department of Helminthology, BNI
1993-1996, Research assistant and doctoral student, Department of Helminthology, BNI
1991-1992, Research assistant, Institute of Pathology, Free University of Berlin
1989-1991, Laboratory instructor, Institute of Zoology, Free University of Berlin
GRANTS AND SCHOLARSHIPS:
2005-2007, Grant support evaluation and monitoring of Brugia timori control on Alor
island, Indonesia (grant extension), GlaxoSmithKline
2002-2004, Grant support evaluation and monitoring of Brugia timori control on Alor
island, Indonesia, GlaxoSmithKline
2002-2003, Habilitation scholarship, “Vereinigung der Freunde des Hamburger
Tropeninstituts”
2001, Grant support filariasis diagnosis, UNDP/WorldBank/WHO-TDR
1998-2001, Group leader scholarship, Scholarship Program Infectiology (BMBF)
1997-1998, Research scholarship, German Academic Exchange, DAAD
FIELD WORK:
Three stays (4 months each) in Fort Portal, western Uganda (1993-1996);
Short-term work (3-6 weeks): Alor island, Indonesia (four stays, 2001-2004),
Dr. rer. nat. Peter Fischer
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Department of Parasitology, University of Indonesia, Jakarta (1998)
Research and Training Center for Vectors of Diseases, Ain Shams University, Cairo,
Egypt (1998, 1999).
MEMBERSHIP IN SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZATIONS:
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Parasitologie (DGP),
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und internationale Gesundheit (DTG),
American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH)
PUBLICATIONS:
(Original Papers in Peer Reviewed Journals)
53. Kraemling M, Bonow I, Schmetz C, Liebau E, Büttner DW, Fischer P (2006)
Localization of an aspartate aminotransferase in the membranous organelles of
spermatozoa from filarial parasites. Experimental Parasitology, submitted
52. Supali T, Ismid IS, Wibowo H, Djuardi Y, Majawati E, Ginanjar P, Fischer P (2006)
Estimation of prevalence of lymphatic filariasis by a pool screen polymerase chain
reaction assay using blood spots collected on filter paper. Transactions of the Royal
Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, in press
51. Jordanova R, Radoslavov G, Fischer P, Boteva R, Walter RD, Bankov I, Liebau E
(2005) The highly abundant protein Ag-lbp55 from Ascaridia galli represents a novel
type of lipid binding proteins. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 280: 41429-41438.
50. Oqueka T, Supali T, Ismid IS, Rückert P, Bradley M, Fischer P (2005) Impact of two
rounds of mass drug administration using diethylcarbamazine combined with
albendazole on the prevalence of Brugia timori and of intestinal helminths on Alor
Island, Indonesia. Filaria Journal, 4:5.
49. Fischer P, Bonow I, Supali T, Rückert P, Rahmah N (2005) Detection of filaria-specific
IgG4 antibodies and filarial DNA, for the screening of blood spots for Brugia timori.
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 99:53-60.
48. Jordanova R, Radoslavov G, Fischer P, Liebau E, Walter RD, Bankov I, Boteva R
(2005) Conformational and functional analysis of the lipid binding protein AgFABP from
the parasitic nematode Ascaridia galli. The FEBS Journal, 272: 180-189.
47. Heukelbach J, Bonow I, Witt L, Feldmeier H, Fischer P (2004) High infection rate of
Wolbachia endobacteria in the sand flea Tunga penetrans from Brazil. Acta Tropica, 92:
225-230.
46. Jolodar A, Fischer P, Büttner DW, Miller DJ, Schmetz C, Brattig NW (2004)
Onchocerca volvulus: expression and immunolocalization of a nematode cathepsin Dlike lysosomal aspartic protease. Experimental Parasitology, 107: 145-156.
45. Supali T, Rahmah N, Djuardi Y, Sartono E, Rückert P, Fischer P (2004) Detection of
filaria-specific IgG4 antibodies using the Brugia Rapid Test in individuals from an area
highly endemic for Brugia timori. Acta Tropica, 90: 255-261.
44. Jolodar A, Fischer P, Büttner DW, Brattig NW (2004) The Wolbachia endosymbionts of
Onchocerca volvulus express a putative secretory HtrA-type serine protease. Microbes
and Infection, 6: 141-149.
43. Helmy H, Fischer P, Farid HA, Bradley MH, Ramzy RMR (2004) Test-strip detection of
Wuchereria bancrofti amplified DNA in wild-caught Culex pipiens and estimation of
infection rate by a poolscreen algorithm. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 9:
158-163.
Dr. rer. nat. Peter Fischer
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42. Fischer P, Djuardi Y, Ismid IS, Rückert P, Bradley M, Supali T (2003) Long-lasting
reduction of Brugia timori microfilariae following a single dose of diethylcarbamazine
combined with albendazole. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and
Hygiene, 97: 446-448.
41. Rathaur S, Fischer P, Domagalski M, Walter RD, Liebau E (2003) Brugia malayi and
Wuchereria bancrofti: gene comparison and recombinant expression of -class related
glutathione S-transferases. Experimental Parasitology, 103: 177-181.
40. Jolodar A, Fischer P, Bergmann S, Büttner DW, Hammerschmidt S, Brattig NW (2003)
Molecular cloning of an α-enolase from the human filarial parasite Onchocerca volvulus
that binds human plasminogen. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1627: 111-120.
39. Büttner DW, Wanji S, Bazzocchi C, Bain O, Fischer P (2003) Obligatory symbiotic
Wolbachia endobacteria are absent from Loa loa. Filaria Journal, 2:10
38. Sommer A, Rickert R, Fischer P, Steinhart H, Walter RD, Liebau E (2003) A dominant
role of the extracellular glutathione S-transferase from Onchocerca volvulus (Ov-GST1)
is the production of prostaglandin D2. Infection and Immunity, 71: 3603-3606.
37. Fischer P, Djoha S, Büttner DW, Zipfel P (2003) Isolation and characterization of the
regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase from the filarial parasite
Onchocerca volvulus. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 128: 33-42.
36. Fischer P, Bonow I, Büttner DW, Kamal IH, Liebau E (2003) An aspartate
aminotransferase of Wolbachia endobacteria of Onchocerca volvulus is recognized by
IgG1 antibodies of residents from endemic areas. Parasitology Research, 90: 38-47.
35. Fischer P, Schmetz C, Bandi C, Bonow I, Mand S, Fischer K, Büttner DW (2002)
Tunga penetrans: molecular identification of Wolbachia endobacteria and their
recognition by antibodies against proteins of endobacteria from filarial parasites.
Experimental Parasitology, 102: 201-211.
34. Williams SA, Laney SJ, Bierwert LA, Saunders LJ, Boakye DA, Fischer P, Goodman
D, Helmy H, Hoti SL, Lammie PJ, Plichart C, Ramzy RM, Ottesen EA (2002) The
mosquito PCR diagnostic project: to develop a rapid assessment tool for the detection
of Wuchereria bancrofti infected mosquitoes. Annals of Tropical Medicine and
Parasitology, 96 (Suppl. 2): S41-46.
33. Fischer P, Wibowo H, Pischke S, Rückert P, Liebau E, Ismid IS, Supali T (2002) PCRbased detection and identification of the filarial parasite Brugia timori from Alor island,
Indonesia. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 96: 809-821.
32. Supali T, Ismid IS, Rückert P, Fischer P (2002) Treatment of Brugia timori and
Wuchereria bancrofti infections in Indonesia using DEC or a combination of DEC and
abendazole: adverse reactions and short-term effects on microfilariae. Tropical
Medicine and International Health, 7: 894-901.
31. Supali T, Wibowo H, Rückert P, Fischer K, Ismid IS, Purnomo, Djuardi Y, Fischer P
(2002) High prevalence of Brugia timori infection in the highland of Alor island,
Indonesia. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 66: 560-565.
30. Pischke S, Büttner DW, Liebau E, Fischer P (2002) An internal control for the detection
of Onchocerca volvulus DNA by PCR-ELISA and rapid detection of specific PCR
products by DNA Detection Test Strips™. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 7:
526-531.
29. Kamal IH, Fischer P, Adly M, El Sayed AS, Morsy ZS, Ramzy RMR (2001) Evaluation
of a PCR-ELISA to detect Wuchereria bancrofti in Culex pipiens from an Egyptian
village with low prevalence of filariasis. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology,
95: 833-841.
28. Sommer A, Nimtz M, Conradt H, Brattig N, Boettcher K, Fischer P, Walter RD, Liebau
E (2001) Structural analysis and antibody response to the extracellular glutathione Stransferases from Onchocerca volvulus. Infection and Immunity, 69: 7718-7728.
Dr. rer. nat. Peter Fischer
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27. Krause S, Sommer A, Fischer P, Brophy PM, Walter RD, Liebau E (2001) Gene
structure of the extracellular glutathione S-transferase from Onchocerca volvulus and its
overexpression and promoter analysis in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. Molecular
and Biochemical Parasitology, 117: 145-154.
26. Klüber S, Supali T, Williams SA, Liebau E, Fischer P (2001) Rapid PCR-based
detection of Brugia malayi DNA from blood spots by DNA Detection Test Strips™.
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 95: 169-170.
25. Sommer A, Fischer P, Krause K, Boettcher K, Brophy PM, Walter RD, Liebau E (2001)
A stress responsive glyoxalase I from the parasitic nematode Onchocerca volvulus.
Biochemical Journal, 353: 445-452.
24. Bockarie MJ, Fischer P, Williams SA, Zimmerman P, Griffin L, Alpers MP, Kazura JW
(2000) Application of a polymerase chain reaction-ELISA to detect Wuchereria bancrofti
in pools of wild-caught Anopheles punctulatus in a filariasis control area in Papua New
Guinea. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 62: 363-367.
23. Liebau E, Eschbach ML, Tawe W, Sommer A, Fischer P, Walter RD, Henkle-Dührsen
K (2000) Identification of a stress-responsive theta-class Onchocerca volvulus
glutathione S-transferase (Ov-GST-3) by RT-PCR differential display. Molecular and
Biochemical Parasitology, 109: 101-110.
22. Fischer P, Supali T, Wibowo H, Bonow I, Williams SA (2000) Detection of DNA of
nocturnally periodic Brugia malayi in night and day blood samples by a polymerase
chain reaction-ELISA based method using an internal control DNA. American Journal of
Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 62: 291-296.
21. Fischer P, Tukesiga E, Büttner DW (1999) Long-term suppression of Mansonella
streptocerca microfilariae following treatment with ivermectin. Journal of Infectious
Diseases 180: 1403-1405.
20. Fischer P, Liu X, Lizotte-Waniewski M, Kamal IH, Ramzy RMR, Williams SA (1999)
Development of a quantitative, competitive polymerase chainreaction-enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay for the detection of Wuchereria bancrofti DNA. Parasitology
Research 85: 176-183.
19. Fischer P, Büttner DW, Bamuhiiga J, Williams SA (1998) Detection of the filarial
parasite Mansonella streptocerca in skin biopsies by a nested polymerase chain
reaction based assay. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 58: 816-820.
18. Fischer P, Yocha J, Rubaale T, Garms R (1997) PCR and DNA hybridization indicate
the absence of animal filariae from vectors of Onchocerca volvulus in Uganda. Journal
of Parasitology 83: 1030-1034.
17. Fischer P, Garms R, Büttner DW, Kipp W, Bamuhiiga J, Yocha J (1997) Reduced
prevalence of onchocerciasis in Uganda following either deforestation or vector control
with DTT. East African Medical Journal 74: 321-326.
16. Fischer P, Bamuhiiga J, Büttner DW (1997) Occurrence and diagnosis of Mansonella
streptocerca in Uganda. Acta Tropica 63: 43-55.
15. Wildenburg G, Plenge-Bönig A, Renz A, Fischer P, Büttner DW (1997) Distribution of
mast cells and their correlation to inflammatory cells around Onchocerca gutturosa, O.
tarsicola, O. ochengi and O. flexuosa. Parasitology Research 83: 109-120.
14. Fischer P, Bamuhiiga J, Büttner DW (1997) Treatment of human Mansonella
streptocerca infection with ivermectin. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2:
191-199.
13. Fischer P, Rubaale T, Meredith SEO, Büttner DW (1996) Sensitivity of a PCR-based
assay to detect Onchocerca volvulus DNA in skin biopsies. Parasitology Research 82:
395-401.
12. Fischer P, Bamuhiiga J, Kilian ADH, Büttner DW (1996) Strain differentiation of
Onchocerca volvulus from Uganda using DNA probes. Parasitology 112: 401-408.
Dr. rer. nat. Peter Fischer
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11. Fischer P, Kilian ADH, Bamuhiiga J, Kipp W, Büttner DW (1996) Prevalence of
Mansonella perstans in western Uganda and its detection using the QBC®-fluorescence
method. Applied Parasitology 37: 32-37.
10. Kipp W, Kabwa P, Verbeck A, Fischer P, Eggert P, Büttner DW (1995) Prevalence and
risk factors of HIV-1 infection in three parishes in western Uganda. Tropical Medicine
and Parasitology 46: 141-146.
9. Fischer P, Kipp W, Kabwa P, Büttner DW (1995) Onchocerciasis and HIV in western
Uganda: Prevalences and treatment with ivermectin. American Journal of Tropical
Medicine and Hygiene 53: 171-178.
8. Fischer P, Kipp W, Bamuhiga J, Binta-Kahwa J, Kiefer A, Büttner DW (1993)
Parasitological and clinical characterization of Simulium neavei-transmitted
onchocerciasis in western Uganda. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 44: 311-321.
7. Matuschka F-R, Heiler M, Eiffert H, Fischer P, Lotter H, Spielman A (1993)
Diversionary role of hoofed game in the transmission of Lyme disease spirochetes.
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 48: 693-699.
6. Matuschka F-R, Fischer P, Heiler M, Blümcke S, Spielman A (1992) Stage-associated
risk of transmission of the Lyme disease spirochete by European Ixodes ticks.
Parasitology Research 78: 695-698.
5. Matuschka F-R, Fischer P, Heiler M, Richter D, Spielman A (1992) Capacity of
European animals as reservoir hosts for the Lyme disease spirochete. Journal of
Infectious Diseases 165: 479-483.
4. Matuschka F-R, Fischer P, Musgrave K, Richter D, Spielman A (1991) Hosts on which
nymphal Ixodes ricinus most abundantly feed. American Journal of Tropical Medicine
and Hygiene 44: 100-107.
3. Matuschka F-R, Richter D, Fischer P, Spielman A (1990) Nocturnal detachment of the
tick Ixodes hexagonus from nocturnally active hosts. Medical and Veterinary
Entomology 4: 415-420.
2. Matuschka F-R, Richter D, Fischer P, Spielman A (1990) Time of repletion of subadult
Ixodes ricinus ticks feeding on diverse hosts. Parasitology Research 76: 540-544.
1. Matuschka F-R, Lange R, Spielman A, Richter D, Fischer P (1990) Subadult Ixodes
ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) on rodents in Berlin, West Germany. Journal of Medical
Entomology 27: 385-390.
(Review articles)
IV. Michael E, Malecela-Lazaro MN, Maegga BTA, Fischer P, Kazura JW (2006)
Mathematical models and lymphatic filariasis control II. Monitoring and evaluation of
interventions. Trends in Parasitology, submitted
III. Fischer P, Supali T, Maizels RM (2004) Lymphatic filariasis and Brugia timori:
prospects for elimination. Trends in Parasitology, 20: 351-355.
II. Fischer P, Boakye D, Hamburger J (2003) Polymerase chain reaction-based detection
of lymphatic filariasis. Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 192: 3-7.
I. Fischer P, Büttner DW (2002) The epidemiology of onchocerciasis and the long term
impact of existing control strategies on this infection. World Class Parasites Vol. 5: The
Filaria, Klei T, Rajan TV ed., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, Dordrecht, London,
pp: 43-57.
(Book review)
Fischer P (2002) Lymphatic filariasis. Book review. Trends in Parasitology, 18: 48.
Dr. rer. nat. Peter Fischer
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(Abstracts of talks and posters since 2000)
40. Fischer P, Ingram J, Buttner DW, Schmetz C, Slatko B (2005) A Wolbachia
endosymbiont DNA sequence is horizontally transferred to the nuclear genome of the
filarial parasite Brugia malayi. 53nd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Tropical
Medicine and Hygiene in Washington, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and
Hygiene 73 (Suppl), 57
39. Rao R, Weil GJ, Atkinson LJ, Fischer K, Supali T, Fischer P (2005) A practical realtime PCR based assay for detecting parasite DNA in blood from Brugia infected
individuals. 53nd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and
Hygiene in Washington, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 73 (Suppl),
757
38. Borchert N, Wagner A, Fischer P, Brattig NW (2005) Tissue degrading enzymes of
filariae. 8. Kongress für Infektionskrankheiten und Tropenmedizin. Hamburg.
37. Fischer P, Oqueka T, Rückert P, Ismid IS, Manoempil P, Supali T (2004)
Characterization and control of lymphatic filariasis due to Brugia timori on Alor island,
Indonesia. 1st Asean Congress of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia.
36. Supali T, Rahmah N, Djuardi Y, Wibowo H, Ismid IS, Sartono E, Rückert P, Fischer P
(2004) Detection of anti-filarial IgG4 using the Brugia Rapid test in individuals from
areas endemic for Brugia malayi and Brugia timori. 1st Asean Congress of Parasitology
and Tropical Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
35. Fischer P, Jolodar A, Bonow I, Bandi C, Brattig NW, Büttner DW (2003) Crossreactivity of antibodies to antigens of Wolbachia from filarial nematodes with filarial
antigens or with Wolbachia-antigens from arthropod parasites. 52nd Annual Meeting of
the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 69 (Suppl), 461.
34. Rückert P, Krentel A, Supali T, Fischer P, Manoempil P, Ismid I, Servais G, Setyawati
I, Kielmann T (2003) Lymphatic filariasis control on Alor island, Indonesia: experiences
leading to the change of the national policy. GTZ - Summer Seminar, Glashütten,
Germany.
33. Fischer P, Supali T, Krentel A, Rückert P, Kielmann T, Bradley M, Manoempil P,
Rahmah N, Ismid IS (2003) Control of filariasis on Alor Island, Indonesia: from basic
research to the revision of the national control policy. Joint Meeting of the Deutsche
Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Tropenmedizin und Internationale Gesundheit, WHO-TDR, Berlin.
32. Fischer P, Schmetz C, Feldmeier H, Bandi C, Heukelbach J, Bonow I, Büttner DW
(2003) Wolbachia endobacteria in the sand flea Tunga penetrans. 7. Kongress für
Infektionskrankheiten und Tropenmedizin, Berlin. Infection 31 (Suppl.), 66.
31. Fischer P, Rückert P, Wibowo H, Rahmah N, Ismid IS, Supali T (2002) Brugia timori
infection on Alor island, Indonesia: prevalence, diagnostics and control. 51st Annual
Meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene in Denver, Colorado,
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 67 (Suppl.), 143.
30. Pischke S, Klüber S, Supali T, Rückert P, Bonow I, Fischer P (2002) PCR-based
detection of Brugia timori from Alor island, Indonesia. 20. Tagung der Deutschen
Gesellschaft für Parasitologie, Lübeck-Travemünde, Germany.
29. Wagner A, Fischer P, Jolodar A, Haffner A, Brattig NW (2002) Characterization of
tissue-degrading secretory metallo- and serine proteases of the filarial tissue parasite
Onchocerca volvulus. 20. Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Parasitologie,
Lübeck-Travemünde, Germany.
Dr. rer. nat. Peter Fischer
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28. Fischer P, Bonow I, Büttner DW, Kamal IH, Liebau E (2001) IgG1 antibodies of
residents from filariasis endemic areas recognize an aspartate aminotransferase of
Wolbachia endobacteria. 50th Annual Meeting of The American Society of Tropical
Medicine and Hygiene in Atlanta, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
65 (Suppl.), 1966.
27. Abbasi I, Koech DK, Supali T, Fischer P, Hamburger J (2001) Sputum-PCR for
diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis: from genomics to field studies. Conference on filariasis,
Hamburg, Germany.
26. Fischer P, Klüber S, Pischke S, Bonow I, Supali T (2001) PCR-based diagnosis of
lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis. Conference on filariasis, Hamburg, Germany.
25. Supali T, Wibowo H, Rückert P, Fischer K, Ismid IS, Purnomo, Djuardi Y, Fischer P
(2001) High prevalence of Brugia timori infection in the highland of Alor island,
Indonesia. Conference on filariasis, Hamburg, Germany.
24. Klüber S, Supali T, Wibowo H, Bonow I, Williams SA, Fischer P (2000) Detection of
Brugia malayi DNA in blood spot samples from Indonesia by PCR-ELISA. 49th Annual
Meeting of The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene in Washington,
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 63 (Suppl.), 589.
23. Fischer P, Klüber S, Supali T, Bockarie M, Williams SA (2000) DNA diagnostics of
lymphatic filariasis. European filariasis conference, Hamburg, Germany.
22. Fischer P, Liebau E, Bonow I, Sommer A, Williams SA, Kamal IH (2000) Survey for
expressed sequence tags in female Onchocerca volvulus following treatment with
ivermectin. Meeting on protective immunity in onchocerciasis, Edna McConnell Clark
Foundation, Woods Hole, USA.
21. Fischer P, Supali T, Wibowo H, Bonow I, Williams SA (2000) Detection of Brugia
malayi DNA in day and night blood samples by a PCR-ELISA method using an internal
control DNA. 19. Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Parasitologie, StuttgartHohenheim, Germany.