Charles LaRue Metro North ABE 2013
Skills Tutor
Language Skills Glossary
Навыки преподавателя
Знание языков Глоссарий
adjective
The part of speech that modifies a noun
Example: The big, old, white house.
прилагательное
Часть речи, которая изменяет существительное
Пример: большой, старый, белый дом.
( The big, old white house. )
adverb
The part of speech that modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb
Example: He drives fast and I drive slowly.
наречие
Часть речи, которая изменяет глагол, прилагательное или другое наречие
Пример: Он ездит быстро, и я ехать медленно. ( He drive fast and I drive
slowly. )
antonym
A word having a meaning opposite to that of another word
Example: Big - Small
Old - Young
антоним
Слово, имеющее значение противоположном другого слова
Пример: большой - маленький старый - молодой
( Big - Small
Old - Young )
apostrophe
The sign (') used to indicate the omission of a letter or letters
from a word
апостроф
знак ( ' ) используется для обозначения пропуска букву или буквы от слова
blend
A combination of two or more consonants within a word each
of which keeps its sound.
Example: Black,truck,bump
гармонировать
Комбинацию двух или более согласных в слове каждый из которых держит его звук.
Пример: Черный, грузовик, самосвал ( Black , truck , bump )
clause
A group of words containing a subject and a predicate and forming
part of a compound or complex sentence.
The man in the picture
comma
A punctuation mark (,) used to indicate a separation of ideas or of
elements within a sentence
comparative adjective
adjectives that are used to compare only 2 nouns.
His car is bigger and more expensive than my car.
comparative adverb
adverbs that are used to compare only 2 verbs, nouns, adjectives or
adverbs with each other.
He drives faster than I do.
compound word
a word composed of two or more words
Example: Doghouse, waterfall, mother-in-law
consonant
A speech sound that's not a vowel
Example: b,c,d,f,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,p,q,r,s,t,v,w,x,y,z
contraction
A contraction is a shortened version of the written form of a word
Example: cannot can’t, is not isn’t, will not won’t
digraph
A pair of letters representing a single speech sound
Example: when, chip, wish
dipthong
A complex speech sound or glide that begins with one vowel and
gradually changes to another vowel
The final sound in boy
exclamation point
the sign (!) used in writing after an exclamation
Hard C
the consonant 'c' as it is pronounced in 'cap,' or 'come'
Hard G
the consonant 'g' as it is pronounced in 'get,' or 'give'
homonym or homophone
words that are pronounced the same but differ in meaning and spelling
Example: there, their, they’re knight, night
long vowel sound
A long vowel sound is a sound which is very similar to the letter
name of one of the vowel
Examples: The “a” sound in cake, the “e” sound in meet, the “i” sound
in white, “o” in “boat”, or “u” in cute.
nominative pronoun
The nominative pronoun is the person or thing doing the action in the
sentence.
Examples: he, she, it, I, you, we, they
noun
A noun is a person, place, thing, animal, or idea
Example: tree, person, cat, hospital, freedom, home
past tense
The past tense describes an action or situation in past time
Example: He went to school. She worked at the store.
period
A punctuation mark ( . ) indicating a full stop, placed at the end of
sentences.
phrase
part of a sentence not a complete sentence.
Example: on the corner, by the first of the month
possessive pronoun
A pronoun that can take the place of a noun phrase to show ownership
Example: That book is mine.
predicate
part of a sentence including the verb, objects, or phrases after the
verb
example: He drives his car to school everyday.
prefix
A letter or group of letters attached to the beginning of a word that
partly indicates its meaning.
Example: triangle, unimportant, irregular
present tense
A verb tense that expresses action in the present time, habitual
actions, or general truths.
Example: He works from 9 to 5. Winter lasts 6 months in Minnesota.
present continuous or progressive tense
a tense of verbs used in describing action that is on-going
Example: He is working. Winter is lasting too long this year.
proper noun
nouns that are specific names and usually begin with a capital
letter.
Example: Minnesota, Anoka, the Mississippi River
punctuation marks
any standardized marks or signs used in punctuation
Example: . , ‘ : ; “
question mark
a mark indicating a question (?)
r-controlled vowel
Vowels directly preceding the letter r often have slightly modified
sounds
Example: bar, fir, her
run-on sentence
a sentence in which two or more complete sentences are joined without
appropriate punctuation or conjunction.
He went to the store bought food went home.
schwa
A neutral vowel sound, typically occurring in unstressed syllables
Example: The a is schwa in adept. The e is schwa in synthesis.
The i is schwa in decimal
sentence fragment
an incomplete sentence
short vowel
a short vowel does not have the same sound as the letter itself
Example: the a in cat, the e in bet, the i in chin, the o in hot, the
u in but
silent letter
A letter that is usually unpronounced in a word
Example: the e in hate, the k in know, the b in dumb
soft C
the consonant "c" as it is pronounced in "cell" and "city"
soft G
the consonant "g" as it is pronounced in "get" and "game"
subject
The subject is the part of a sentence that tells who or what performs
the action
Example: The student from Mexico speaks Spanish.
subject verb agreement
The verb must agree with the subject of the sentence
Example:
I am working.
He is working. We work. She works.
suffix
A letter or group of letters added to the end of a word
Example: American, Chinese, teacher, improvement
superlative adjective
An adjective that shows which thing has a quality above or below the
level of the others. There must be three or more to compare.
Example: He is the best student in the school. She is the most
intelligent student in the class.
superlative adverb
An adverb that shows which thing has a quality above or below the
level of the others. There must be three or more to compare.
Example: He drove the fastest in the race. She sang the most
beautifully.
synonym
a word having the same or almost the same meaning as another
big – large
cold - chilly
verb
words that show action, or the existence of a state or condition
Example: She is a student. He studies English. They go to school
every day.
vowel
letters representing sounds that are not consonants
a,e,i,o,u and sometimes y