Thunderbird International Business Review
Wiley In-House Style for References (based on Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association,
5th Edition)
CITATIONS IN TEXT
All material that comes from other sources should be cited in the text. The in-text citations should refer to the entries in
the References section of the article. In addition, if the material is directly quoted from another source, the author
should include in the citation the page number(s) on which the text appeared in the cited work.
o
Use “&” to link author names within parentheses; use “and” in running text
(e.g., “Gage and Horowitz (2003) said” OR “as was written in a previous work (Gage & Horowitz, 2003).”
o
When citing more than one work within parentheses, use following guides


o
More than one work, same author
Arrange by year, separate by comma (e.g., Sigman, 1995, 2002)
More than one work, multiple authors
Arrange in alphabetical order, separate by semicolon (e.g., Chinworth, 1993; DeYoung, 1992; Gregory,
1998; Hirs, 1957; Horowitz, 1999; Ziomkowski, 1997)
When citing an article without an author
Put title (or shortened version) in quotes, using original capitalization (e.g., For an article listed in the Reference List
as “The rise and fall (and rise again) of Philadelphia’s hometown boys. (2003).”, the text citation would read, (“The
Rise and Fall,” 2003).)
o
When citing a work with 3 or more authors

For 3–5 authors
List all authors on first reference with year (e.g., Snider, Kimbrough, Marienchek, McLeary, & Zollo,
1996)
After first reference, within the same paragraph, use et al. and omit year (e.g., “Snider et al. presented…”)
After first reference, in subsequent paragraph, use et al. and year (e.g., “Snider et al. (1996) presented…”)

For 6 or more authors
Use only surname of last author, et al., and year (e.g., “(Wilbury et al., 1992)”)
o
When citing a translated book or a book that is a reprint of an earlier edition, use original year of publication,
followed by a “/” and the date of the translation (e.g., for sample above under “BOOK, translation of foreign
language text,” the in-text citation would be Laplace (1814/1951))
o
When citing works with the same publication date, list both the year and the appropriate letter (e.g., “(Layton, 1994a,
1994b, 1994d, 1994f)”)
SAMPLE REFERENCES
Elements for common types of references:
Journal articles: Author (s) [last name, first initial]; publication date [year]; article title; journal name; volume number; issue
number [if a non-consecutively numbered journal, i.e., if the first page of each issue is page 1]; and page numbers [separated
with en-dash]
Magazine/newspaper articles: Author (s) [last name, first initial]; publication date [year]; article title; magazine name, volume
number; and page numbers [preceded by a “p.” or “pp.” and separated with en-dash]
Books: Author/Editor (s) [last name, first initial]; publication date [year]; book title; city of publication [include state or country
in cases where city is not well-known]; publisher
ARTICLE in a book with no editor
Zevon, W. (2003). My dirty life and times. In Saying goodbye (pp. 12–23). Boulder, CO: Old Velvet Nose Press.
ARTICLE in an edited book
Bjork, R. A. (1989). Retrieval inhibition as an adaptive mechanism in human memory. In H. L. Roediger III & F. I. M. Craik
(Eds.), Varieties of memory & consciousness (pp. 309–330). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
BOOK w/ 1 Author
Sigman, J. (2002). Critical, but stable: Columns, essays, and other desperate attempts to win your love. Lincoln, NE: Writers
Club Press.
BOOK w/ 2–6 Authors
Nelson, W., & Jennings, W. (1974). Luckenbach, Texas: Ain’t nobody feeling no pain. Luck, TX: Whiskey River Press.
BOOK w/ Group Author
American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.).
Washington, DC: Author.
BOOK w/ no author
Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.
BOOK w/ editor
Gibbs, J. T., & Huang, L. N. (Eds.). (1991). Children of color: Psychological interventions with minority youth. San Francisco:
Jossey-Bass.
BOOK w/ Jr. in name of author
Williams, H., Jr. (1992). Are you ready for some football: A Monday night party. Nashville, TN: Bocephus Books.
BOOK, translation of foreign language text
Laplace, P.-S. (1951). A philosophical essay on probabilities (F. W. Truscott & F. L. Emory, Trans.). New York: Dover.
(Original work published 1814)
BROCHURE w/ corporate author
Research and Training Center on Independent Living. (1993). Guidelines for reporting and writing about people with
disabilities [Brochure]. Lawrence, KS: Author.
INTERNET document (not from a journal)
Chambala, B. (2003). Sturr crazy in the mountains. Retrieved September 9, 2003, from
http://www.polkaround.com/huntermt.html
JOURNAL article w/ 1 author, paginated by issue
Gudenas, I. (2003). 3T technology: A new approach to employee training. Employment Relations Today, 30(3), 44–52.
JOURNAL article w/ 1 author, paginated by volume
Mellers, B. A. (2000). Choice and the pleasure of consequences. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 910–924.
JOURNAL article w/ 2–6 authors
Saywitz, K. J., Mannarino, A. P., Berliner, L., & Cohen, J. A. (2000). Treatment for sexually abused children and adolescents.
American Psychologist, 55, 1040–1049.
JOURNAL article w/ more than 6 authors
Wolchik, S. A., West, S. G., Sandler, I. N., Tein, J., Coatsworth, D., Lengua, L., et al. (2000). An experimental evaluation of
theory-based mother and mother-child programs for children of divorce. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68,
843–856.
JOURNAL article w/ author listed as “Anonymous”
Anonymous. (1996). The demise of KKTY: A study in radio station mismanagement. Bayside Journal of Communications.
(NOTE: Only use “Anonymous” when author is listed as such; do not use for articles where there is no author listed—for these
articles, list by article title [see “NEWSLETTER” entry below])
JOURNAL article accepted for publication, but not yet published
Bartokomous, B. (in press). Don’t be ridiculous: The relationship between Dmitri and Cousin Larry. Journal of the Myposian
Sheepherder. <<<for article submitted but not accepted for publication, see UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPT entry below>>>
JOURNAL article retrieved from Internet, original volume and page numbers known
VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements in the selection of resources by psychology
undergraduates [Electronic version]. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117–123.
JOURNAL article retrieved from Internet, original volume and page numbers unknown
Zimmerman, R. A. (1989). Forget about today until tomorrow. ISIS Magazine. Retrieved May 23, 2003, from
http://www.expectingrain.com/isis/forget.html
JOURNAL article w/ unknown publication date
Wilkes-Krier, A. (n.d.). We do what we like and we like what we do. Journal of Party Management, 11, 32–33.
MAGAZINE article
Kidder, T. (2003, August 25). The man behind the mountain. Time, 121, 45–50.
MASTER’S THESIS, unpublished
Almeida, D. M. (1990). Fathers’ participation in family work: Consequences for fathers’ stress and father-child relations.
Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
NEWSLETTER article w/author
Contratto, D. (2003, October). Congress to rock on to electric avenue … and then they’ll take it higher. Natural Gas, 20, 16–19.
NEWSLETTER article w/o author
The new health-care lexicon. (1993, October/November), Copy Editor, 4, 1–2.
NEWSPAPER article
Brooks, L. (2003, October 23). Hockey will never make me happy. New York Post, p. 73.
PROCEEDINGS, published contribution to a symposium, article, or chapter in an edited book
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality. In R. Dienstbier (Ed.), Nebraska
Symposium on Motivation: Vol. 38. Perspectives on motivation (pp. 237–288). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
PROCEEDINGS, published regularly
Cynx, J., Williams, H., & Nottebohm, F. (1992). Hemispheric differences in avian song discrimination. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, USA, 89, 1372–1375.
REPORT w/ group author
Employee Benefit Research Institute. (1992, February). Sources of health insurance and characteristics of the uninsured (Issue
Brief No. 123). Washington, DC: Author.
REPORT w/ individual authors
Mazzeo, J., Druesne, B., Raffeld, P. C., Checketts, K. T., & Muhlstein, A. (1991). Comparability of computer and paper-andpencil scores for two CLEP general examinations (College Board Rep. No. 91–5). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPT submitted for publication but not yet accepted
Berry, F. (1978). What’s happening in the world today. Manuscript submitted for publication.
UNPUBLISHED PAPER presented at a meeting
Campbell, G. (2004, January). A lineman for the county. Paper presented at the meeting of the National Telecommunications
Group, Phoenix, AZ.
UNPUBLISHED SYMPOSIUM CONTRIBUTION
Lichstein, K. L., Johnson, R. S., Womack, T. D., Dean, J. E., & Childers, C. K. (1990, June). Relaxation therapy for
polypharmacy use in elderly insomniacs and noninsomniacs. In T. L. Rosenthal (Chair), Reducing medication in geriatric
populations. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the First International Congress of Behavioral Medicine, Uppsala,
Sweden.
ALPHABETIZING
References are listed alphabetically by first author’s last name
When first surname is same, go by:
Earlier year first (e.g., Nelson, 1994 before Nelson, 1996)
One-author entries before multiple-author entries (e.g., Nelson, 1996 before Nelson & Cash, 1993)
By surname of the second author, regardless of number of authors
(e.g., Sigman, J., Chambala, B., & Quinn, W. before Sigman, J., & Iaffaldano, A.)
Articles with no author are alphabetized by first significant word
(e.g., Article with no author, titled “The end of the innocence” would be alphabetized by “end”; Article written by
group author, American Psychological Association, would be alphabetized by “American” [always alphabetize by
organization’s full name, not initialism—American Psychological Association, not APA])
REVISED: 1/18/08