Biography Arnulf Grubler Arnulf Grubler is senior research scholar at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, an international, non-governmental think-tank located in Laxenburg castle, Austria. His research focuses on the long-term history and future of technology and the environment with emphasis on energy, transport, and communication systems. Dr. Grubler received his master's degree in engineering from the Technical University of Vienna, where he was also awarded his Ph.D. He also holds a Habilitation degree with venia legendi in systems science of environment and technology from the Mining University in Leoben, Austria. In the fall 2002 semester he is a visiting professor for energy and technology at Yale University’s School of Forestry and Environmental studies. Previous teaching assignments include: DUXX Graduate School of Management, Monterrey, Mexico (visiting professor for technology management), University of Graz and University of Vienna, Austria (lecturer for energy analysis), and the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy (lecturer for energy analysis and energy modeling in developing countries). Prof. Grubler is also foreign member elect of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. Arnulf Grubler has been lead author for the Second and Third Assessment Reports of the IPCC, the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change and is also editor and lead author of the joint IIASA-WEC study on Global Energy Perspectives. He serves on the editorial boards of Technological Forecasting and Social Change, and Journal of Industrial Ecology. He has published widely being author, coauthor, or editor of five books, three special journal issues, over 50 peer reviewed articles and book chapters and some 30 additional professional papers in the domains of technological change, technology diffusion, long wave theory, energy and transport systems, climate change, and resource economics. His latest books include Technological Change and the Environment (edited together with Nebojsa Nakicenovic and Bill Nordhaus) to be published in 2002 by RFF Press, and Global Energy Perspectives and Technology and Global Change both published in 1998 by Cambridge University Press. For further biographical details see Who's Who in the World 15th Edition, 1998, Marquis Who's Who, New Providence, USA, pp. 530.