REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA
KGATLENG DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT
PLAN 6 : 2003 – 2009
“Towards Realisation of Vision 2016: Sustainable and Diversified Development Through
Competitiveness in Global Markets”
KGATLENG DISTRICT COUNCIL
KGATLENG DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE
MINISTRY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
P24.00
FOREWORD
DDP6 is our Sixth District Development Plan. Coincidentally, it is also a six-year plan starting
from the 1st April 2003 up to 31st March 2009.
The first four District Development Plans operated on a three-year time frame. DDP5 was the
First District Development Plan to observe a six-year time frame aliened with the National
Development Plan Eight, NDP 8. Similarly, DDP6 is aliened to NDP9.
The plan is a result of an intensive consultation with communities and other stakeholders.
Therefore it reflects the aspirations and wishes of the Kgatleng community. The theme of NDP 9
is “Towards the Realisation of Vision 2016: Sustainable and Diversified Development through
competitiveness in global market”. Government has made a commitment during the Mid-Term
Review of National Development Plan 8 that plans should be guided by Vision 2016, which
charts the development of the nation into the 21st Century. Our plan therefore will focus on
projects and programmes which drive the nation towards the realisation of the pillars of Vision
2016. Of course we have other challenges that we have to face during the plan period such as
HIV/AIDS, Environmental Conservation, Public Sector Reforms to name just but a few. These
will also be taken on board together with Vision 2016.
However, we commence the DDP6 planning period with serious funding constraint; following
our initial consultations with communities, we had to re-negotiate with the communities to reduce
their project proposals by about eighty percent (80%). Compounding this problem is the decision
by government to recognise environmental costs of development. This process has the effect of
raising the cost of developments, in the short term.
Our challenge during the implementation of DDP6 shall be to avoid front-loading the plan.
Instead, we will have t o ensure a balanced distribution of projects implemented over the entire
six-year period. This is an important lesson learnt from DDP5 implementation that revealed
through the midterm review exercise; I therefore call upon all the stakeholders to exercise
vigilance.
Finally, I take this opportunity to thank not only those who have participated in the preparation of
this plan, but also those who contributed indirectly to the entire exercise.
…………………………………..
Hon Councillor Motlhagodi Molomo,
COUNCIL CHAIRPERSON
SEPTEMBER 2002
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword
Table of Contents
Appendices
List of Tables
List of Figures and Maps
List of Acronyms
i
ii
x
x
xii
xiii
1
DISTRICT AND PEOPLE
1
1.1
1.1.1
1.1.2
1.1.3
1.1.4
1.1.5
1.1.6
1.1.7
1.1.8
1.1.9
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
1.3
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.3
1.3.4
1.3.5
1.3.6
1.4
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.5
DISTRICT GEOGRAPHIC SETTING
Location
Size
Land Tenure
Economic and Communication Linkages
Institutional Framework
District Administration
District Council
Land Board
Tribal Administration
DISTRICT ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES
Climate
Geomorphology
Natural Resources
DISTRICT SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Socio - Cultural Characteristics
Population Characteristics, Density and Distribution
Migration
Population Projections and Prospects:
Employment and Unemployment
District HIV/AIDS Prevalence Status
DISTRICT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Major Infrastructure Development
Economic Development
STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PRINCIPLES
2
REVIEW OF THE DDP5 AND LONG-TERM DEVELOPMENT
POTENTIAL
12
2.1
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
INTRODUCTION
ACHIEVEMENTS/OPPORTUNITIES – DDP5
Development Programme:
Policy Issues:
CONSTRAINTS/CHALLENGES IN DDP5
Development Programme
Department of Wildlife and National Parks
Integrated Field Services – IFS
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
8
8
9
10
11
11
11
11
12
12
13
16
16
16
18
18
ii
2.3.4
2.4
2.4.1
2.4.2
2.5
Agriculture – Department of Crops
LONG TERM POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS
Development Potential and Long Term Prospects
Development Constraints
LINKS TO NDP 9 THEME
18
18
18
19
20
3
DDP 6 DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
21
3.1
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4
3.1.5
3.1.6
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.2.5
3.3
3.3.1
PLANNING FRAMEWORK
Vision 2016
National Environmental Key Issues
District Environmental Key Issues
Ministry of Local Government Strategic Plan
District Key Issues
Respective Long Term District Plans
DDP6 OVERALL GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
Summary of Key Issues
DDP6 Development Goals
Environmental Goals
Framework for Monitoring Sector Goals and Objectives
Framework for Monitoring Environmental Goals and Objectives
FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Evaluation of Policies and Programmes Against Overall Goals and Objectives
21
21
23
23
24
24
26
27
27
27
29
30
32
32
34
4
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION
36
4.1
4.1.1
4.2
4.3
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.3.4
4.3.5
4.4
4.5
4.6
36
36
37
37
37
37
38
38
38
38
39
4.7
4.7.1
4.7.2
INTRODUCTION
Institutional Framework
ENVIRONMENTAL PRIORITY ISSUES
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATIONS
National Conservation Strategy 1990
Waste Management Act 1998
Environmental Impact Assessment Act (Draft)
Community Based Natural Resource Management
Wetlands Policy 2000
DDP 6 ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES TO IMPLEMENT DISTRICT
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMMES
RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR DDP 6
Issues (Weaknesses) and Strengths for DDP 6:
Performance Targets, Development Budget and Plan Monitoring
5
LAND USE PLANNING
43
5.1
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
INTRODUCTION
Institutional Framework
Strategic plans for respective Ministries on Land Use Planning
Land Use Planning Consultation Priorities
43
43
43
44
40
41
41
41
iii
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.3
5.4
5.5
44
44
45
45
45
46
5.5.1
5.6
5.7
5.7.1
LAND USE POLICIES AND LEGISLATION
National Settlement Policy 1998
District Settlement Strategy
Integrated Land Use Plans
LAND USE PLANNING SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES FOR DDP6
FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT.
EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL KEY ISSUES WITH SECTOR GOALS AND
OBJECTIVES
Evaluation of Sector Policies and Programmes
PROPOSED STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE LAND USE SECTOR GOALS FOR DDP6
RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS AND PERFORMANCE TARGETS FOR DDP6:
Issues and Strengths
6
SETTLEMENT AND HOUSING
51
6.1
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.2
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
6.3
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.3.3
6.3.4
6.3.5
6.4
6.5
6.5.1
6.5.2
6.6
6.7
6.7.1
6.7.2
INTRODUCTION
Institutional Framework
Strategic Plans for Respective Ministries
Settlement and Housing Consultation Priorities
NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION
National Settlement Policy 1998
Kgatleng District Settlement Strategy 1999 - 2023
Physical Development Plans
SETTLEMENT AND HOUSING
Settlement Patterns and Geomorphology
Physical Development Growth
Housing Demand
Housing Supply
General Infrastructure and Services
SETTLEMENT AND HOUSING SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives
Evaluation of Sector Policies and Programmes
STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE SETTLEMENT AND HOUSING GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR DDP 6
Issues and Strengths
Performance Targets, Budget and Plan Monitoring
51
51
51
51
52
52
52
52
54
54
55
55
55
56
56
57
57
58
59
60
60
60
7
AGRICULTURE
61
7.1
7.1.1
7.1.2
7.1.3
7.2
7.2.1
7.2.2
7.2.3
7.2.4
7.2.5
INTRODUCTION
Institutional Framework
Strategic Plans for Respective Ministries
The Role of the Private Sector
NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION
Community Based Strategy for Rural Development 1997
District Settlement Strategy
Convention on Combating Desertification 1992
The National Forest Policy
National Policy on Agricultural Development 1991
61
61
61
62
63
63
63
63
63
63
47
48
49
50
50
iv
7.2.6
7.2.7
7.2.8
7.2.9
7.3
7.3.1
7.3.2
7.3.3
7.4
7.5
7.5.1
7.5.2
7.6
7.7
Tribal Land Act 1968
63
Agricultural Resource Act
64
Botswana Rangeland Inventory and Management Project (BRIMP)
64
National Policy on Land Tenure
64
AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ACTIVITIES.
64
Crop sub sector
64
Livestock sub sector
65
Cooperatives sub sector
65
AGRICULTURAL SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
65
FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
66
Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives
66
Evaluation of Sector Polices and Programs
67
STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 68
RESOURCE REQUIREMENT FOR DDP 6
69
8
TRADE, INDUSTRY, WILDLIFE AND TOURISM
8.1
8.1.1
8.1.2
8.1.3
8.1.4
8.2
8.2.1
8.2.2
8.2.3
8.3
8.4
8.4.1
8.4.2
8.5
INTRODUCTION
70
Institutional Framework
70
Strategic Plans for Respective Ministries
70
Role of the Private Sector
71
Consultation Priorities
71
NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION
71
Tribal Land Act
71
CEDA 2001
71
Tourism Policy 1990
72
TRADE, INDUSTRY, WILDLIFE AND TOURISM SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 72
FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
72
Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives
73
Evaluation of Sector Policies and Programmes
74
STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE TRADE, INDUSTRY, WILDLIFE AND TOURISM GOALS AND
OBJECTIVES
75
9
EDUCATION AND TRAINING
77
9.1
9.1.1
9.1.2
9.1.3
9.1.4
9.2
9.2.1
9.3
9.3.1
9.3.2
9.4
9.5
9.5.1
9.5.2
9.6
INTRODUCTION
Institutional Framework
Strategic Plans for Respective Ministries
The Role of the Private Sector
Education and Training Consultation Priority Issues
NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION
Revised National Policy on Education 1994
EDUCATION
Schools
Training
EDUCATION AND TRAINING SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives
Evaluation of Sector Policies and Programmes
STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE EDUCATION AND TRAINING GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
77
77
77
78
78
78
78
79
80
85
85
86
86
87
88
70
v
9.6.1
9.7
Proposed Projects, Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures
RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR DDP 6
88
89
10
HEALTH
90
10.1
10.1.1
10.1.2
10.1.3
10.1.4
10.2
10.2.1
10.2.2
10.2.3
10.3
10.3.1
10.3.2
10.3.3
10.3.4
10.3.5
10.4
10.5
10.5.1
10.5.2
10.6
10.6.1
10.7
10.7.1
INTRODUCTION
The Institutional Framework
Strategic Plans for respective ministries.
The Role of the Private Sector
Health Consultation Priorities
NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION
National Health Policy
National Policy on HIV/AIDS
Waste Management Act
HEALTH
Environmental Health
Hospital Services
Primary Health Care
District Health System
Control of Pandemic Diseases
HEALTH SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives
Evaluation of Sector Policies and Programmes
STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE THE HEALTH SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
Proposed Projects, Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measure
RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR DDP 6
Issues and Strengths:
90
90
90
91
92
92
92
92
93
93
93
93
93
94
95
96
97
97
98
100
100
101
101
11
LABOUR AND HOME AFFAIRS
105
11.1
11.1.1
11.1.2
11.1.3
11.1.4
11.2
11.2.1
11.2.2
11.2.3
11.2.4
11.2.5
11.2.6
11.2.7
11.2.8
11.3
11.3.1
11.3.2
11.3.3
11.3.4
INTRODUCTION
Institutional Framework
Strategic Plans for Respective Ministries
Role of the Private Sector
Culture and Social Services Consultation Priorities
NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION
Community Based Natural Resources Management
Disability Policy
Policy on Destitute Persons 2002
National Youth Policy1996
Policy on Women and Development 1995
National Library Act 1967
National Registration Act 1986
National Policy on Culture 2001
LABOUR, CULTURE AND SOCIAL SERVICES
Sports and Recreation
Culture and Youth
Museum
National Library Services
105
105
105
106
106
106
106
106
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
108
108
vi
11.3.5
11.3.6
11.3.7
11.4
11.5
11.5.1
11.5.2
11.6
11.6.1
11.7
11.7.1
11.7.2
National and Civil Registration
108
Information and Broadcasting
108
NGOs and CBOs
108
LABOUR, CULTURE AND SOCIAL SERVICE SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES FOR
DDP6
109
FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
109
Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues With Sector Goals and Objectives
109
Evaluation of Sector Policies and Programmes
110
STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE THE LABOUR, CULTURE AND SOCIAL SERVICE SECTOR
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
112
Proposed Projects
112
RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR DDP6
114
Issues and Strengths for Culture and Social Services
114
Proposed Projects, Performance Targets, Development Budget and Plan Monitoring for
DDP6
114
12
MINERALS, ENERGY AND WATER
115
12.1
12.1.1
12.1.2
12.1.3
12.1.4
12.2
12.3
12.3.1
12.3.2
12.3.3
12.3.4
12.3.5
12.3.6
12.4
12.5
12.5.1
12.5.2
12.6
12.7
12.7.1
12.7.2
INTRODUCTION
Institutional Framework
Strategic Plans For Respective Ministries.
The Role Of The Private Sector
Consultation Priorities:
NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION
MINING, ENERGY AND WATER
Mining Sector
Energy Sector
Government Buildings
Alternative Energy Sources
Energy Demand and Supply
Water Sector
MINERALS, ENERGY AND WATER SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVE
FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives
Evaluation of Sector Policies and Programs
STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR DDP 6
Issues and Strengths
Proposed Projects, Performance Targets, Budget and Plan Monitoring
115
115
115
116
116
116
117
117
117
117
117
118
118
119
120
120
121
122
122
122
122
13
WORKS, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION
124
13.1
13.1.1
13.1.2
13.1.3
13.1.4
13.2
13.2.1
13.2.2
INTRODUCTION
The Institutional Framework
Strategic Plans for Respective Ministries
The Role of the Private Sector
Works and Transport Consultation Priorities
NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION
Roads Act (1997) Revised
Road Traffic Act
124
124
124
124
125
125
125
125
vii
13.2.3
13.2.4
13.2.5
13.3
13.3.1
13.3.2
13.3.3
13.3.4
13.3.5
13.3.6
13.3.7
13.4
13.5
13.5.1
13.5.2
13.6
National Road Safety Policy
125
Telecommunications Policy 1995
125
Postal Services Act 1989
125
WORKS, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION
126
Roads
126
Road Transport and Safety
126
Botswana Railways
126
Central Transport Organisation
127
Telecommunications
127
Postal Services
127
Works
127
WORKS, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 127
FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
128
Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues
128
Evaluation of Sector Policies and Programmes
129
STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE WORKS TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION GOALS AND
OBJECTIVES
129
13.7
RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR DDP6
130
13.7.1 Issues and Strengths
130
13.7.2 Proposed Projects, Performance Targets, Budget and Plan Monitoring
130
14
LAW, JUSTICE AND SECURITY
14.1
14.1.1
14.1.2
14.1.3
14.2
14.2.1
14.2.2
14.2.3
14.2.4
14.2.5
14.2.6
14.2.7
14.3
14.4
14.4.1
14.4.2
14.5
131
INTRODUCTION
The Institutional Framework
Strategic Plan of Respective Ministries
The Role of the Private Sector
LAW, JUSTICE AND SECURITY
Parliament
Administration of Justice
Customary Law and Courts
Botswana Police Service
Prisons
Independent Electoral Commission
Immigration
LAW, JUSTICE AND SECURITY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives
Evaluation of Sector Policies and Programs
STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE LAW, JUSTICE AND SECURITY SECTOR GOALS AND
OBJECTIVES
14.6
RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
14.6.1 Issues and Strengths
131
131
132
132
133
133
133
133
133
134
134
134
134
135
135
135
15
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
140
15.1
15.1.1
15.1.2
15.1.3
INTRODUCTION
The Institutional Framework
Strategic Plans for Respective Ministries
Parastatals
140
140
140
141
137
139
139
viii
15.1.4
15.1.5
15.2
15.2.1
15.2.2
15.2.3
15.2.4
15.2.5
15.2.6
15.2.7
15.2.8
15.2.9
15.3
15.3.1
15.3.2
15.3.3
15.3.4
15.4
15.5
15.5.1
15.5.2
15.6
15.6.1
15.6.2
15.7
15.7.1
15.7.2
15.8
The Role of the Private Sector
141
Community Consultation Priority Issues
142
NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION
142
District Administration
142
Township and District Act
142
Tribal Land Act (1968)
142
Social Welfare.
142
The Revised National Policy on Destitute Persons
142
The Revised National Policy on Education
143
Tribal Administration
143
Village Development Committee Guidelines (2001 Revised)
143
Waste Management Act
144
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
144
District Administration
144
District Council
144
Tribal Administration
144
Land Board
144
LOCAL GOVERNMENT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
145
FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
145
Evaluation Of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives
145
Evaluation Of Sector Policies and Programmes
146
STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES147
Proposed Projects
147
Potential Impacts of Proposed Projects / Mitigation Measures
147
RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR DDP 6
148
Issues and strengths
148
Development Budget for DDP 6 / UDP2
148
PERFORMANCE TARGETS AND PLAN MONITORING PROGRAMME
152
16
CONTINGENCY PLANNING
153
16.1
16.1.1
16.1.2
16.1.3
16.1.4
16.1.5
16.2
16.2.1
16.2.2
16.2.3
16.3
16.3.1
16.3.2
16.3.3
16.4
16.5
16.5.1
16.5.2
16.6
INTRODUCTION
Institutional Framework:
Strategic Plans For Respective Ministries
Drought and Food Relief Management
The Role of the Private Sector
Disaster Relief Sector Priorities
NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION
National Disaster Master Plan (Draft)
Food Security Strategy
National Policy on Disaster Management
CONTINGENCY PLANS
Drought Relief
Food Relief
Disaster Relief
CONTINGENCY PLANNING SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives
Evaluation of Policies and Programmes
PROPOSED PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES
153
153
154
154
154
155
155
155
155
155
156
156
156
156
157
157
157
158
159
ix
16.7
16.7.1
16.7.2
16.7.3
16.7.4
RESOURCE REQUIREMENT FOR DDP 6
Issues and strengths
Performance Targets, Budget and Plan Monitoring
Resource Requirements for DDP6
Plan Monitoring Program
160
160
161
161
162
17
PLAN MONITORING AND EVALUATION
164
17.1
17.1.1
17.1.2
17.1.3
17.2
17.3
INTRODUCTION:
The Institutional Framework:
Plan Management
Plan Monitoring And Evaluation
FINANCIAL AND PERSONNEL CONSTRAINTS:
PROPOSED PLAN MONITORING ACTIVITIES DURING DDP6
164
164
164
164
166
166
APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1: Central Government Matrices
APPENDIX 2: Ministry of Local Government
168
172
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1
Table 1.2
Table 1.3
Table 1.4
Table 1.5
Table 1.6
Table 3.1
Table 3.2
Table 3.3
Table 3.4
Table 3.5
Table 3.6
Table 4.1
Table 4.2
Table 4.3
Table 4.4
Table 4.5
Table 5.1
Table 5.2
Table 5.3
Table 5.4
Table 5.5
Table 6.1
Table 6.2
Table 6.3
Table 6.4
Land Use Types In Kgatleng ..................................................................................... 2
Kgatleng: Age-Sex Population Structure .................................................................. 6
Kgatleng Population Distribution per Settlement ..................................................... 7
Population Projections and Prospects ........................................................................ 9
Economically Active Population (Employed and Unemployed) ............................ 10
Cumulative Figures for HIV/AIDS 1987-June 2002 ............................................... 10
DDP 6 development goals and objectives ............................................................... 28
Environmental Goals and Objectives ...................................................................... 29
Sector Goals, Objectives and Strategies .................................................................. 30
Environmental Goals, Objectives and Strategies .................................................... 32
Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives. ......... 33
Goals and Objectives, Policies and Programmes .................................................... 34
Strategic Plans For Respective Departments ........................................................... 36
Environmental Goals and Objectives ...................................................................... 38
Evaluation of Sector Policies and Legislations ....................................................... 39
Proposed Projects, Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures .............................. 40
Proposed Projects, Performance Targets, Budget and Plan Monitoring ................. 41
Sector Goals and Objectives .................................................................................... 46
Sector Goals, Objectives, Environmental Key Issues and Impacts ......................... 47
Sector Goals, Objectives, Policies/Programs and Impacts ...................................... 48
Proposed Projects, Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures .............................. 49
Proposed, Performance Targets, Budget and Plan Monitoring ............................... 50
Sector goals and Objectives ..................................................................................... 56
Goals, Objectives Environmental Key Issues and Impact ....................................... 57
Goals, Objectives, Policies/Programmes and Impacts ............................................ 58
Proposed Projects, Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures .............................. 59
x
Table 6.5
Table 7.1
Table 7.2
Table 7.3
Table 7.4
Table 7.5
Table 8.1
Table 8.2
Table 8.3
Table 9.1
Table 9.2
Table 9.3
Table 9.4
Table 9.5
Table 9.6
Table 10.1
Table 10.2
Table 10.3
Table 10.4
Table 10.1
Table 11.1
Table 11.2
Table 11.3
Table 11.4
Table 11.5
Table 12.1
Table 12.2
Table 12.3
Table 12.4
Table 12.5
Table 13.1
Table 13.2
Table 13.3
Table 13.4
Table 13.5
Table 14.1
Table 14.2
Table 14.3
Table 14.4
Table 14.5
Table 14.6
Table 15.1
Table 16.1
Table 16.2
Table 16.3
Table 16.4
Table 16.5
Proposed Projects, Performance Targets, Budget and Plan Monitoring ................. 60
Sector Goals and Objectives .................................................................................... 65
Sector Goals, Objectives, Environmental Key Issues and Impacts ......................... 66
Sector Goals, Objectives, Policies/Programmes and Impacts ................................. 67
Proposed Projects, Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures .............................. 68
Proposed Projects, Performance Targets, Budget and Plan Monitoring ................. 69
Sector Goals and Objectives .................................................................................... 72
Goals, Objectives, Environmental Key Issues and Impacts .................................... 73
Goals, Objectives, Policies/Programmes and Impacts ............................................ 74
Existing Primary School Facilities in Kgatleng District and Projected Pupil
Enrolment up to 2009 at 5% Growth Rate .............................................................. 81
Planned Primary School Construction ..................................................................... 83
Sector Goals and Objectives .................................................................................... 85
Goals, Objectives, Environmental Key Issues and Impacts .................................... 86
Goals, Objectives, Policies/Programmes and Impacts ............................................ 87
Proposed Projects, Performance Targets, Budget and Plan Monitoring ................. 89
Health Sector Goals and Objectives ........................................................................ 96
Goals, Objectives, Environmental Key Issues and Impacts .................................... 97
Goals, Objectives, Policies/Programmes and Impacts ............................................ 98
Proposed Projects, Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures ............................ 100
Proposed Projects, Performance targets, budget and Plan Monitoring ................. 102
Sector Goals and Objectives .................................................................................. 109
Goals, Objectives, Environmental Key Issues and Impacts .................................. 109
Goals, Objectives, Policies/Programmes and Impacts .......................................... 110
Proposed Projects, Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures ............................ 112
Proposed Projects, Performance Targets, Development Budget and Plan Monitoring
for DDP6 ............................................................................................................... 114
Sector Goals and Objectives .................................................................................. 119
Goals, Objectives, Environmental Key Issues and Impacts .................................. 120
Goals, Objectives, Policies/Programmes and Impacts .......................................... 121
Proposed Projects, Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures............................ 122
Proposed Projects, Performance Targets, Budget and Plan Monitoring ............... 122
Sector Goals and Objectives .................................................................................. 128
Goals, Objectives, Environmental Key Issues and Impacts .................................. 128
Goals, Objectives, Policies/Programmes and Impacts .......................................... 129
Proposed Projects, Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures ............................ 129
Proposed Projects, Performance Targets, Budget and Plan Monitoring ............... 130
Offences in Kgatleng District for period 1997 to 2002. ........................................ 133
Sector Goals and Objectives .................................................................................. 134
Goals, Objectives, Environmental Key Issues and Impacts .................................. 135
Goals, Objectives, Policies/Programmes and Impacts .......................................... 135
Proposed Projects, Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures ............................ 137
Proposed Projects, Performance Targets, Budget and Plan Monitoring ............... 139
The Goals and Objectives of the Local Government ............................................ 145
Sector Goals and Objectives .................................................................................. 157
Goals, Objectives, Environmental Key Issues and Impacts .................................. 157
Goals, Objectives, Policies/Programmes and Impacts .......................................... 158
Proposed Projects, Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures ............................ 159
Proposed Projects, Performance Targets, Budget and Plan Monitoring ............... 161
xi
LIST OF FIGURES AND MAPS
Figure 1.1
Age Sex Population Pyramid ..................................................................................... 7
Map 1.1
Map 9.1
Map 9.2
Location of Kgatleng District .................................................................................... 1
Distribution of education facilities in the Kgatleng District.................................... 79
DNFE Kgatleng Field Staff and their areas of operation. ....................................... 84
xii
LIST OF ACRONYMS
AEA
ALDEP
ARV
BPS
BRIMP
BTC
CBD
CBNRM
CBOs
CEDA
CHBC
CJSS
CPC
CSO
CTO
DA
DABS
DDC
DDMC
DDP
DDPC
DDRC
DEMS
DHT
DET
DLUPU
DMSAC
DNFE
DRM
DWA
EIA
FAP
IEC
IEC
IFS
IHS
IPT
IMDC
ITN
LG + D
LGSM
LITS
MLG
Adult Education Assistant
Arable Land Development Programme
Anti Retroviral Therapy
Botswana Postal Services
Botswana Range Inventory and Management Programme
Botswana Telecommunications Corporation
Central Business District
Community Based Natural Resources Management
Community Based Organizations
Citizen Enterpreneurship Development Agency
Community Home Base Care
Community Junior Secondary School
Crime Prevention committee
Central Statistics Office
Central Transport Organization
District Administration
Department of Architecture and Building Services
District Development Committee
District Disaster Management Committee
District Development Plan
District Development Plans Coordinator
District Drought Relief Committee
Department of Electrical and Mechanical Services
District Health Team
District Extension Team
District Land Use Planning Unit
District Multi – Sectoral AIDS Committee
Department of Non Formal Education
Deborah Retief Memorial Hospital
Department of Water Affairs
Environmental Impact Assessment
Financial Assistance Policy
Independent Electoral Commission
Information and Technology Committee
Integrated Field Services
Institute of Health Sciences
Isoniazid Preventive Therapy
Inter-Ministerial Drought committee
Insecticides Treated Nets
Local Government and Development
Local Government Service Management
Livestock Identification Trace Back System
Ministry of Local Government
MLHE
MMEWR
MoA
MTIWT
Ministry of Lands Housing and Environment
Ministry of Minerals, Energy and Water Resources
Ministry of Agriculture
Ministry of Trade, Industry, Wildlife and Tourism
xiii
MTP II/III
NACA
NAMPAADD
NCS
NCSA
NDMO
NDP
NGOs
NSP
NTP
O&M
PMS
PMTCT
PPADB
PTAs
RAC
RADs
RDC
RNPE
SHHA
SMME
TA
TEC
VDCs
VETs
VHCs
VIP
VTS
WC
Mid Term Plan II/III
National AIDS Coordinating Agency
National Agricultural Master Plan on Arable Agriculture and
Dairy Development
National Conservation Strategy
National Conservation Strategy Coordinating Agency
National Disaster Management Office
National Development Plan
Non-Governmental Organizations
National Settlement Policy
National Tuberculosis Programme
Organization and Methods
Performance Management Systems
Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV/AIDS
Public Procurement and Asset Disposal Board
Parents and Teachers Associations
Rural Administration Centre
Remote Area Dwellers
Rural Development Council
Revised National Policy on Education
Self Help Housing Agency
Small, Micro and Media Entrepreneurs
Tribal Administration
Total Estimated Cost
Village Development Committees
Village Extension Teams
Village Health Committees
Ventilation Improved
Vehicle Testing Stations
Water Closet
xiv
CHAPTER ONE
1
DISTRICT AND PEOPLE
1.1
1.1.1
DISTRICT GEOGRAPHIC SETTING
Location
Kgatleng District is located on the south-eastern part of the country between latitudes 23 degrees
and 25 degrees south and longitude 26 degrees and 27 degrees east. In the north the district
shares the boundary with Central District with the Dibete Cordon fence as the physical
demarcating boundary; to the west it is bordered by the Kweneng District; to the south by the
Greater Gaborone Area and South East District, and the international boundary between
Botswana and South Africa borders it to the east. (Refer to Map 1.1)
Map 1.1
Location of Kgatleng District
S
KASA N E
Gun ma re
S
MAU N
S
TU TU ME
S
Sow a Pan
S
Sow a Pan
Mas ung a
S
FR AN C IS TO W N
S
S
LETLH A KAN E
S
GHA N ZI
S
BOBO NO NG
S
SER OW E
S
S
SEL EBI-PH IK W E
PAL APYE
S
MAH AL APY E
S
Let lh ake ng
S
HU KU N TSI
S
MAB UTS AN E
S
MOL EPO LOL E
MOC H U DI
S
S
KGATLENG
DISTRICT
S GABO RO NE
S S RA MOTS W A
Serow e
Goo d H op e
S LOBA TSE
S
TS HA BON G
S
1.1.2
Size
Relative to the physical size of other district, Kgatleng District has a very small land area. The
district has 7600 km2 of land compared with Central District with 141076 km2, Ghanzi District
with 117 910 km2, Kgalagadi with 105200 km2. Though Ghanzi and Kgalagadi Districts have
large land area they do not correspondingly have large population sizes. They have 33 275 and
1
42 132 people respectively whereas Kgatleng District has 73 032 people according to the 2001
Population and Housing Census. The census results also depict that Kgatleng District has only
one Primary centre, which is Mochudi, and no secondary or Tertiary I settlements. Most of the
villages in the district fall within the Tertiary II category and a few in the Tertiary III and IV
categories, using the National Settlement Policy (1998) criteria.
1.1.3
Land Tenure
According to the Government White Paper on the Tribal Land Grazing Policy of 1975, Kgatleng
District was declared wholly communal, with no other tenure, neither freehold nor state land. As
indicated earlier it has a surface area of 7 600 km2. The table below shows the various land uses
in square kilometres and as percentage.
Table 1.1
Land Use Types In Kgatleng
Area (Km2)
%
Communal Grazing
Arable Farming
Mixed Farming
Settlements
3281.54
524.94
1035.25
2725.00
7566.73
43.18
6.91
13.62
35.85
99.56
Gazetted Roads
Non-Gazetted Roads
13.19
19.34
32.53
0.17
0.26
0.43
Industrial
Pilane
0.74
0.01
Total
7600
100
Types of Land Use
Agriculture and Settlement
Source: Regional Agricultural Office 1999
1.1.4
Economic and Communication Linkages
The district is linked to Gaborone city in the south and Central district in the north by the A1
road. To the East it is linked to South Africa by the Mochudi – Sikwane Road, and to the west it
is linked to Kweneng District by the Bokaa – Kopong road. The district is also linked to the
southern and northern parts of the country by the railway line. The proximity of Kgatleng district
to Gaborone City with its large urban population of 185 891, efficient transport between Mochudi
and Gaborone and a large number of commuters from the district to Gaborone has marginalized
development process on the district’s social and economic life. Entrepreneurs prefer to establish
commercial and industrial projects in Gaborone. Although the Pilane industrial site has long been
allocated, few plots are developed because they are not fully serviced.
There are telecommunications and postal services in the district that link Kgatleng with other
parts of the country. There are also mobile phone services in the district.
2
1.1.5
Institutional Framework
The institutional arrangements exist for purposes of consultation and co-ordination on the district
development plans. Such institutions are District Administration, District Council, Land board
and Tribal Administration.
1.1.6
District Administration
The department of District Administration has three main units of administration, development
and food relief services. There are some offices, which are seconded to the department, and these
include: Civil Registration, Elections Office, AIDS Coordination and Lands.
The core functions of the District Administration Office are:






1.1.7
Coordination of central Government programme implementation and District
Development Plans Preparations
Provision of administrative supervision for all government departments at the local level
Facilitation of development in the district through its development and land use offices
Coordination of drought relief and other disaster programmes
Provision of supplementary feeding to vulnerable groups and primary school children
The department also has a task in administration of justice and solemnisation of
marriages.
District Council
The council has the following statutory responsibilities:











1.1.8
Primary Education
Primary Health Care and Sanitation
Self Help Housing
Social and Community Development
Bye Laws
Rural Water Supplies
Regulatory and Trade Licensing
Labour Intensive Public Works
Physical Planning
Remote Area Development
Matimela Collection
Land Board
There is one Main Land Board in the district and three subordinate land Boards offices in
Mmathubudukwane, Artesia and Mochudi. Their statutory responsibilities are as follows:



The granting of rights to use land
Authorising changes of use of tribal land
Cancellation of the grant of any rights to use any land
3


1.1.9
Imposition of restriction on the use of tribal land
Authorising transfers of tribal land
Tribal Administration
The Department provides an important statutory responsibility of providing judicial services to
the public, carried out through established customary courts in the entire district. It is also
responsible for maintaining and preserving cultural norms and heritage of the district;
encouraging peace and stability within the community.
1.2
1.2.1
DISTRICT ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES
Climate
The district has an annual average temperature of 20 degrees celcius, an average summer
temperature of 28 degrees Celsius and average minimum temperature of 13 degrees Celsius.
Rainfall occurs in summer with annual ranges of between 450 mm and 550 mm. An annual
rainfall variation is around 35% except during drought periods when the total is reduced quite
significantly. Thus the climate of the district is described as having very hot summers and mild
winters with temperatures rarely falling below freezing point as indicated in the District
Development Plan 5.
1.2.2
Geomorphology
Kgatleng District is described as having generally flat and undulating topography with small and
low hill ranges and occasional rocky outcrops and several extensive drainage channel systems.
There exist the Oodi Hill, Modipane Hill and a range of low hills from Bokaa towards Mochudi.
The drainage system includes the Notwane and Metsimotlhabe rivers and Tlhagale and
Monametsana streams that flow into the Notwane River until it reaches the Limpopo River.
1.2.3
Natural Resources
1.2.3.1 Vegetation
Generally as described in a vegetation map compiled by Timberlake (1980), Kgatleng District is
dominated by a shrub and tree savanna with areas of woodland, mainly on hills and along
drainage lines. As a result of human related influences the vegetation has changed considerably
since the last century. The effects of drought have also caught up with this state of affairs hence
overgrazing and deforestation, even more heavily around the borehole areas.
1.2.3.2 Soils
Briefly Kgatleng has soils that can best be described in terms of land systems within which are
district land units. The first, Mochudi land system is a narrow strip stretching from Molepolole
eastwards towards Mochudi. Such soils are shallow and stony with low agricultural
yields/potential.
The second system is the Notwane Plain system, which straddles the Notwane River. Such soils
are deep light textured and acidic.
4
The third system is the Thagale Plain land system, which is bordered to the north by the Kalahari
land link to land use system and the Mochudi hills to the south. The soils are sandy of various
colours and are also loamy sub-soils.
1.2.3.3 Wildlife
The types of wildlife species found in Kgatleng district, according to the 1994 census, are Kudu,
Impala, Ostriches, Duiker, Steenbok, Jackal, Zebra and Giraffe.
1.2.3.4 Minerals
There are quarrying of building and road construction materials in most parts of the district.
Generally this is an uncontrolled and unregulated activity due to the absence of relevant byelaws.
The end result is the abandoned quarries and borrow pits, which are, left unrehabilitated.
1.2.3.5 Water
The district relies on underground and surface water for both human and livestock consumption.
There is the Bokaa dam in the district. The district is also connected to the North South Carrier
water pipeline. In some parts of the district there is a problem of water quality especially in the
River villages. A study was commissioned to find the best ways of improving the water quality.
The cost of purifying water supersedes the benefits to be derived, therefore a bi-lateral
arrangement has been made to draw water from Molatedi Dam in South Africa to supplement the
existing sources in the district.
1.2.3.6 Energy
The main source of energy for cooking, lighting and heating is fuel wood for most households in
the district. There exists potential for solar energy.
1.3
1.3.1
DISTRICT SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Socio - Cultural Characteristics
The district is predominantly Bakgatla ba ga Kgafela. There are, however, some other ethnic
groups in the district. These are Balete in Modipane, Batlokwa in Oodi, Baherero in Pilane and
Bapedi in Leshibitse.
1.3.2
Population Characteristics, Density and Distribution
The 2001 Population and Housing Census enumerated 73 507 people in the whole district. The
total number of males in the district is 35 734 and that of females is 37 773. This is shown on
table 2 and the population pyramid below. The number of female-headed household is 37745
while that of the male-headed household is 35752. Thus 51.3 percentage of the household
headed by females. The national figure for female-headed household is 51.1 percent.
5
Table 1.2
Kgatleng: Age-Sex Population Structure
Age
Male
Female
Total
0-4
4,286
4,042
8,328
5-9
4,517
4,524
9,041
10-14
4,777
4,518
9,295
15-19
4,371
4,330
8,701
20-24
3,329
3,589
6,918
25-29
2,820
3,075
5,895
30-34
2,072
2,397
4,469
35-39
1,800
2,013
3,813
40-44
1,543
1,826
3,369
45-49
1,352
1,586
2,938
50-54
1,066
1,171
2,237
55-59
809
962
1,771
60-64
725
828
1,553
65-69
682
926
1,608
70-74
485
619
1,104
75+
916
1,343
2,259
Unknown
184
24
208
Total
35,734
37,773
73,507
6
AGE-SEX POPULATION PYRAMID
Figure 1.1
Age Sex Population Pyramid
UNKNOWN
75+
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
AGE
45-49
40-44
MALE
FEMALE
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
(5,000)
(4,000)
(3,000)
(2,000)
(1,000)
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
POPULATION
Source: CSO, 2001
Table 1.3
Kgatleng Population Distribution per Settlement
Kgatleng: Population distribution per Settlement/village. 1971-2001
Villages/Settlement
Pop.
Pop.
Pop.
Pop.
1971
1981
1991
2001
Mochudi
6945
18386
25542
39 349
Pilane
-
420
540
1178
Rasesa
121
879
1366
2968
Bokaa
916
2018
2420
4456
Morwa
965
1337
1748
2755
Matebele
513
564
599
1458
Oodi
630
1599
2282
3550
Modipane
698
1220
1809
2508
Mabalane
423
681
827
895
7
Kgatleng: Population distribution per Settlement/village. 1971-2001
Villages/Settlement
Pop.
Pop.
Pop.
Pop.
1971
1981
1991
2001
Sikwane
1035
1090
1216
1585
Mmathubudukwane
1305
1754
1943
2124
Ramonaka
114
275
388
518
Malolwane
931
1360
1604
3084
Olifants-drift
386
323
378
1184
Artesia
517
566
885
2589
Malotwana
504
Leshibitse
653
Ramotlabaki
640
Kgomodiatshaba
508
Dikgonnye
360
Khurutshe
52
Dikwididi
591
Source : CSO (2001 Population and Housing Census)
According to the Kgatleng District Settlement Strategy 1999-2023 pg.1 the population density for
Kgatleng in 1991 was 7.6 persons per km2 and the growth rate for the 1981-1991 period was
2.0% per annum, with a population of 73057 and an area of 7600 km2 the District Population
density is approximately 9.2 persons per km2.
1.3.3
Migration
Nearly all the villages and settlements in the district have had their population increasing. The
population for Mochudi was 25542 in 1991 and that of 2001 is 39349, which is an increase by
almost half. The same is true for the other major centres in the district like Bokaa, Pilane, Rasesa,
Matebele, Malolwane, Olifantsdrift and Artesia. According to the 2001 Population and Housing
Census, total migration into Kgatleng district from other districts is 18 334, with the largest
number (3558) coming from Gaborone, followed by Kweneng with 986 people.
The within and into the district migration can be attributed to improvements in infrastructure and
services especially in major centres, which has had the effect of attracting investment and
creating opportunities for cash employment. The decline in agricultural productivity has also seen
people abandoning lands areas to seek alternative economic activities in major centres.
1.3.4
Population Projections and Prospects:
The population of Kgatleng District is expected to continue growing as can be seen from table 4.
The national population projection of 2.4 percent per annum has been used to compute the same
for Kgatleng District. The prospects for future growth are promising, especially given the
tremendous improvements in health care delivery systems, life expectancy levels, a rise in
educational standards and levels and improvements in infrastructure and services.
However, the major setback is the impact of the HIV-AIDS pandemic on both population growth
and life expectancy. This not withstanding, the efforts put in place to fight the pandemic are
8
expected to bear fruit within the DDP 6 plan period, with a resultant improvement for both
population growth and life expectancy levels.
Table 1.4
Population Projections and Prospects
POPULATION PROJECTIONS BY YEAR
Actual
Village
Pop. 2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Mochudi
39349
40236
41192
42180
43192
45228
Bokaa
4456
4563
4563
4785
4900
5018
Oodi
3550
3635
3722
3811
3902
3995
Mathubudukwane
2124
2175
2227
2278
2344
2400
Modipane
2508
2568
2630
2693
2758
2825
Morwa
2755
2821
2888
2953
3028
3101
Malolwane
3084
3158
3234
3311
3390
3470
Sikwane
1516
1564
1602
1640
1679
1719
Mabalane
895
906
927
949
972
1005
Rasesa
2986
3058
3131
3209
3282
3361
Pilane
1176
1206
1235
1265
1295
1326
Matebele
1458
1493
1529
1566
1602
1640
Ramonaka
518
530
542
555
568
581
Oliphantsdrift
758
776
795
831
851
871
Artesia
2589
3651
2715
2780
2847
2915
Malotwana
504
516
523
535
548
561
Leshibitse
653
670
686
702
719
736
Ramotlabaki
640
655
672
688
706
723
Kgomodiatshaba
508
520
532
545
558
571
Dikgonnye
360
446
457
468
479
490
Khurutshe
52
53
54
55
56
57
Dikwididi
591
605
619
637
652
678
Primary Centre
73 507
82736
Source: Kgatleng District, Planning Unit
1.3.5
Employment and Unemployment
According to the 2002 Central Statistics Office multiple indicator survey, the economically active
population in Kgatleng District was 27 550. Those who were employed or involved in an
economic activity were 22 032, while those without any form of employment were 5518. This
translates to a 20 percent rate of unemployment for the district.
However, with the Citizen Entrepreneurial Development Agency (CEDA) in place and the
envisaged start of the National Agricultural Master Plan for Arable Agriculture and Dairy
9
Development (NAMPAADD), it is expected that the rate of unemployment will be reduced
within the plan period.
Table 1.5
Economically Active Population (Employed and Unemployed)
Economic Activity
Male
Female
Total
Paid employees
Self Help without employees
Self Help with employees
Unpaid family helper
Work at own lands
Total employed
Unemployed
8383
730
428
88
2997
7244
637
293
179
1053
15627
1367
721
267
4050
3386
2132
22 032
5518
Source: Central Statistics Office Multiple Indicator Survey 2002.
1.3.6
District HIV/AIDS Prevalence Status
The most affected age groups in the district are between 15 and 44 years, with the worst affected
at around 24 to 39 years as can be reflected from table 6. It is also worth noting that all the age
groups are affected. Also worthy of noting is that the prevalence rate is high among females than
males.
However, it is reported by the District Health Team that the data as reflected on Table 6 below
shows the number of patients that visited the health care facilities in the district (which may not
be a true reflection of the district situation). It is estimated that more than 10 000 people are
infected. In June 2002 alone, 80 people were tested for HIV and 42 were found to be positive,
which is more than 50 percent.
Table 1.6
Cumulative Figures for HIV/AIDS 1987-June 2002
Age
Female
Male
Total
Percentage
0-4
81
87
168
12.5
5-14
13
18
31
1.6
15-19
78
3
81
4.2
20-24
253
45
29
15.3
25-29
276
115
391
20.1
30-34
2
129
339
17.5
35-39
135
101
236
12.2
40-44
67
75
142
7.3
45-49
28
44
72
3.7
50-54
23
24
47
2.4
55-59
6
3
9
0.5
60+
9
21
30
1.5
Unknown age
62
36
98
5.0
Totals
1241
701
1942
Source – District Health Team (Kgatleng District Council) 2002
10
1.4
1.4.1
DISTRICT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Major Infrastructure Development
The major infrastructural developments that were carried out during DDP 5 are Mochudi Phase 2
project which comprises tarring of internal roads, provision of street lighting, and construction of
Makgophana bridge; Magistrate Court, Council Chamber, and other government offices. Two
design consultancies for Master Plan for Storm Water Drainage in Mochudi and Lekgalo bridge,
have been completed. Mochudi Sanitation Project is also being implemented.
1.4.2
Economic Development
Economic activities in the district are diverse. These range from small agricultural holdings to
tourism; real estate development, franchises like Spar, Friendly Grocers. Citizen Entrepreneural
Development Agency (CEDA) has also opened an office in Mochudi. Another economic activity
is the trading sector comprising mainly small general dealers, restaurants, bottle stores and other
commercial establishments.
1.5
STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PRINCIPLES
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is an environmental assessment tool applied at the
strategic level of the planning hierarchy, that is, policies, plans and programmes. It is of
paramount importance to include environmental issues in this plan as we have observed in the
past plans that environmental issues were not thoroughly taken into account before formulation
and implementation of projects.
The main aim of SEA is to identify opportunities and constraints that projects will have on the
environment thus enabling comparison of alternative projects. This allows formulation of
indicators and monitoring tools to be used during the implementation of the plan. SEA will
therefore examine proposed developments within the context of ecological objectives of the
district; national and international level thus promoting sustainable development and the use of
natural resources.
11
CHAPTER TWO
2
REVIEW OF THE DDP5 AND LONG-TERM DEVELOPMENT
POTENTIAL
2.1
INTRODUCTION
This chapter represents a summary of the district’s evaluation of its DDP5 for the period 19972003.
The priority objectives of Kgatleng DDP5 as follows:










Provision of serviced land to attract industry and commerce;
Increased agricultural output;
Diversified employment creation;
Promotion of small scale industry including informal sector activities
Decentralised and improved health care;
Improved transportation and communication;
Expansion of education at all levels and provision of more day-care centres;
Reliable and safe water supply in all villages, settlements and lands areas;
Provision of recreational and cultural activities;
Improved and regular consultations at village levels.
These objectives are consistent with the broad national objectives and were pursued through the
implementation of policies, programmes and strategies outlined in the DDP5 and National
Development Plan 8 (NDP8).
In summary, therefore the chapter covers the following:

Major achievements in policy and programme implementation;

Major problem areas;

Suggested policy/strategy reforms;

Forecast of personnel and financial resources and;

Problem areas of operations and maintenance of existing facilities.
2.2
ACHIEVEMENTS/OPPORTUNITIES – DDP5
A number of policies, programmes and strategies were employed towards achieving the desired
objectives. However, the achievement at implementation and results can be rated as satisfactory
given a number of major constraints and fundamental weaknesses.
The approach followed in this part highlights issues of development programmes and policies.
12
2.2.1
Development Programme:
2.2.1.1 Social
i.
District Housing – LH 203
At the end of the financial year 2001/02, 39 out of a planned 88 housing units have been
constructed under the district housing at cost of approximately P5.4 million. This represents an
implementation of 44% of physical units at 54% of budgeted cost. The district also constructed
18 additional units through the drought relief programme at a cost of approximately P2.6 million,
thereby bringing the total number of units to 57 by the end of March 2002. This represent an
implementation rate of 65% of the planned projects.
ii.
Primary Schools – LG 1102
This programme has progressed satisfactorily. The DDP5 allocation for this programme was P30
million and by the end of the financial year 2001/02 this amount had been totally exhausted.
Additional funds will be required.
As a deliberate strategy, Council has concentrated on the provision of basic education facilities
such as classrooms, teachers’ quarters, administration blocks, toilets and two hostels for RADs
children. One heavy-duty bus was also purchased.
By the end of March 2002, the target of 120 classrooms was 100% implemented; teachers’
quarters, 77%; toilets, 100% and administration blocks, 85%.
iii.
Primary Health – LG1104
The progress of the programme has been remarkable. Despite the programme being one year
behind schedule due to delay in the approval of funds, significant progress has been made in the
provision of health infrastructure; over 75% implementation rate have been achieved to date and
it is expected that this programme will be fully implemented by the end of the plan period.
Out of an allocation of P4 million for DDP5, expenditure to date (inclusive of 2000/01 approved
funding) amounts to approximately P6.2 million. Additional funds will be needed to complete
the planned programme. It is estimated that approximately P3 million will be required to carry
out the modification of some clinics and the construction of staff houses.
The P4m was apportioned for upgrading of 2 health posts, purchase of 12 radios, 10 ambulances,
construction of 6 incinerators, 2 clinics with maternity wings and 1 without maternity wing and
17 nurses’ houses were some of the projects undertaken. Some of these projects were done under
the drought relief programme.
iv.
Remote Area Development Programme – LG 1106
The implementation of this programme has been satisfactory. The implementation of the projects
under economic promotion is ongoing and those under the labour intensive programme are
completed and operational. The projects under the labour intensive programme, such as, brick
moulding for the construction of shelters for economic and income generation projects were
completed through the drought relief programmes. Projects such as a sewing workshop at
Dikgonnye, a poultry farm at Kgomodiatshaba and the purchase and distribution of goats were
some of the projects undertaken at a cost of approximately P1.7 million.
13
v.
Labour Intensive Public Works – LG1107
This programme uses simple labour intensive techniques to maintain public facilities. The
programme is progressing satisfactorily and by the end of the 2001/02 financial year,
approximately 11 kilometres of road would be paved and maintained at a total cost of
approximately
P3 206 000.
vi.
Department of Water Affairs
During DDP5, the department had only one project of upgrading the Mochudi Water Works
Scheme and the expansion of the water works area. This project was completed in 1999.
2.2.1.2 Enviromental
i.
National Rural Sanitation Programme – LG1108
To date approximately 51% of the number of planned sanitary facilities (1800) is complete. Two
dumpsites were completed at Artesia and Ramotlabaki and the one at Mathubudukwane was
improved. Pilane landfill site has been licensed and is operational. Certain essential site
services, like power, water, workshop and offices are still ongoing. Consultancy on the
Dikwididi landfill design and the EIA studies are ongoing, however, funds for construction have
not been approved. Expenditure to date amount to approximately P3 million which was 52% of
DDP5 allocation.
ii.
Water and Wastewater – LG1110
Provision of service has improved with the construction of standpipes and storage tanks and the
rehabilitation of major water reticulation systems.
Phase one of the Mochudi Sanitation Scheme for the construction of primary sewerage lines, 6
pumping stations and 2 sewerage ponds has been completed at a cost approximately P44 million
and is functioning satisfactorily. It is expected that phase two for the construction of secondary
and tertiary sewerage lines and 8 pumping stations at a cost of P160 million will commence by
the end of the financial year. The project is being implemented by the Ministry of Local
Government.
2.2.1.3 Economic
i.
Village Infrastructure programme – LG1111
The Mochudi village infrastructure phase two project for the construction of 11 kilometres of
storm water drainage, 16.67 kilometres of road upgrading to bitumen standard and 12.23
kilometres of street lighting is ongoing. The total estimated cost is P37.5 million.
The construction of an abattoir in Mochudi has not been funded to date.
ii.
District Roads – LG1115
Funds under this programme have been exhausted by the larger projects because of gross
underestimation and much of the works were completed through the recurrent budget. The
Morwa to Bokaa road upgrading (7km) was completed at a cost of P8.5 million being P5 million
over the budget. Additional major works such as Mochudi to Malotwana road upgrading (13 km)
is at tendering stage and is estimated at P13 million. There has been a general problem of
underestimating the budget for this programme during DDP 5.
14
iii.
Department of Wildlife and National Parks
Concerns under this sector consist mainly of enforcement activities and licensing of game
farming. To date fifteen game-poaching cases were registered with the anti-poaching unit of the
Department of Wildlife and National Parks, and all the cases were prosecuted and judgements
passed. There were no cross border poaching activities reported.
Thirteen ostrich farming projects were registered and issued with permits; one is ready for
stocking, one is under construction and the others have not yet started. Twenty-one applicants
were issued with permits for guinea fowl farming; three projects are currently operational while
the remainder have not yet started. Twenty-eight schools also registered as Wildlife Clubs,
however, only eighteen are active.
iv.
Integrated Field Services – IFS
Five hundred and twenty three FAP projects were approved creating 2035 jobs in the district. A
number of 45 management support courses were also conducted to support the management of
these projects. This programme was recently reviewed and will be restructured during NDP 9 to
make it more relevant and effective in addressing local economic diversification and
empowerment, hence DDP 6 will be affected
v.
Agriculture – Department of Crops
A number of achievements were made. The ALDEP has distributed 429 packages as opposed to
the planned 250. To date expenditure is at P1.8m and there is no backlog. This programme is
heavily subscribed for in the district. Drift fences were built at Leshibitse (17 out of 18 km),
Modipane (4km, 100% achievement) and Malotwane (3.41 out of 10.79km). Five (of planned
eight) FAP projects were established at a cost of P383 000. Four are currently operational.
Under training, thirty-four farmers were trained in bookkeeping and project management. One
houset(of planned eight) was built at Mathage, three dams were constructed out of planned eight
and five villages (of nine) benefited from soil conservation works.
vi.
Department of Animal Health and Production
A number of facilities were built during the plan period. Two offices, seven residential houses
and four cattle loading ramps were constructed. Some of the facilities were constructed through
Drought Relief Programme. To date 160 FAP supported projects were initiated of which 13 have
collapsed due to lack of expertise, proper management and proper monitoring programme.
2.2.1.4 Institutional
i.
Customary Courts – LG 901
Funds amounting to P5.2 million were approved in 1997/98 for the construction of tribal
administration offices at the Mochudi main Kgotla. This project has been delayed because of the
unavailability of land.
Elsewhere in the district, the department has made much progress in its provision of office
accommodation and institutional housing for staff. By the end of 2001/2002, seven out of eight
offices were completed.
ii.
Land Board Development – LG1001
By the end of the current financial year, 2001/02, two sub-land board offices would be
constructed at Artesia and Mathubudukwane at a cost of approximately P2.5 million. Two
15
vehicles were purchased in 1997/98 out of the planned four. The remaining two will be
purchased during the next financial year, 2002/03. The extension to the main land board offices
was not undertaken as planned due to unavailability of funds.
iii.
Rural Administration Centre – LG 1105
Funds amounting to P9.9 million were approved for the construction of a new Council Chamber
and for the extension of the District Commissioner’s office. These 2 projects have been
completed.
The establishment of sub-district offices at Mathubudukwane has not yet been approved. The
request has been forwarded to the Ministry of Local Government but the response is still awaited.
2.2.2
i.
Policy Issues:
District Settlement Strategy
An updated Kgatleng Settlement Strategy is being prepared.
ii.
Mochudi Development Plan
The implementation of the plan with regards to the development of commercial and industrial
zones is ongoing. The purpose is to attract commercial and industrial investments into the district
so as to create additional employment opportunities. The design of the Mochudi central business
district is ongoing and its implementation will necessitate the redevelopment of the existing built
up area.
iii.
National Policy on Agricultural Development
The first draft of the Fencing Policy is finished and is currently with the Inter-Ministerial
Committee on Land Use Policy for consultation. The draft study will be submitted to Council
and Land Board for approval.
A Policy on Integrated Land Management in Mmamashia was prepared. The aim of the policy is
to promote urban agriculture.
As part of a policy for improving land use, a deliberate strategy employed in the district is to do
allocations on already demarcated plots. However, this effort has not yielded the desired results
to date.
2.3
2.3.1
i.
CONSTRAINTS/CHALLENGES IN DDP5
Development Programme
District Housing – LH 203
The major constraint experienced was the acquisition of land to construct the tribal
administration offices in Mochudi. Two private landowners refused to accept compensation for
the acquisition of their land and refused to relocate. The Land Board is currently pursuing the
compulsory acquisition of these plots.
ii.
Land Board Development – LG1001
Lack of room for expansion due to congestion at the present site, prevented the expansion of the
Land Board offices.
16
iii.
Primary Schools – LG1102
Under estimation of and insufficient funds impeded the implementation of the planned
programme. Consequently, implementation of some of the recommended education facilities had
to be delayed. There is also a problem with contractors who fail to finish projects on time
because of poor management on the part of contractors. We also foresee a problem with the
implementation of the recommended facilities at existing old schools because the sites are
inadequate.
iv.
Primary Health – LG1104
The major problems experienced under LG1104, include delays in the approval of funds,
inadequacy of sufficient funds to execute programme leading to delays in project completion.
Underestimation of and insufficient funds have resulted in delays in project implementation.
There is also the problem with contractors who fail to finish projects on time because of poor
management. More importantly, however, is shortage of staff to ensure timely delivery of
services. This problem was experieced at Morwa and Boseja clinics.
v.
Rural Administration Centre – LG1105
The major problem experienced by this programme was the underestimation of the construction
cost of the chamber. This prevented the construction from commencing earlier because
additional funding had to be provided and this was only made available during the financial year
2001/02.
vi.
Remote Area Development Programme – LG1106
The major challenge is the provision of viable economic and income generation projects. The
implementation of the Orchard/Woodland project at Kgomodiatshaba will commence during the
2002/03 financial year. No boreholes for livestock watering were drilled because the district is
still awaiting the implementation of the fencing policy to establish ranches for such.
vii.
National Rural Sanitation Programme – LG1108
Delays in the approval of funds have affected project implementation. The district is one year
behind schedule. Many of the beneficiaries of toilet substructures fail to put up proper toilet
superstructures. The shift from VIP to dry compost toilets will result in the construction of fewer
toilets since the dry compost toilets are more expensive.
viii.
Water and Wastewater – LG1110
The river villages are faced with poor water quality problem. Residents complain about the taste
of water. However, the water quality is within World Health Organisation guidelines on potable
water standards. A consultancy is currently underway to identify and recommend a feasible
option to address this problem. Lack of funds delayed the implementation of the phase two
sanitation programme.
ix.
Village Infrastructure Programme – LG1111
Servicing of the Pilane industrial site has been delayed because of shortage of funds.
17
x.
District Roads – LG1115
The major setback suffered under District Roads programme is the gross underestimation of
project cost. About P15 million is required to complete the remaining projects under DDP5. In
addition to funding constraints, Council has a small fleet of construction equipment, coupled with
frequent breakdowns, therefore cannot adequately cater for the district’s requirement.
2.3.2
Department of Wildlife and National Parks
Planned construction of some offices and staff housing at Olifantsdrift has not been approved for
implementation because the TEC has been exhausted.
The ostrich-farming project could have been successfully implemented but due to limited land
resource there has been competition in land usage with arable and livestock farming. Failure of
applicants to raise their contribution towards their FAP projects have resulted in a significant
number of projects failing to get off the ground. There is also a problem of water provision in
production zones.
2.3.3
Integrated Field Services – IFS
The major problems encountered are shortage of staff and transport. The staff complement is
inadequate to provide efficient and effective service to the community across the district. Lack of
transport hinders proper monitoring of FAP projects.
2.3.4
Agriculture – Department of Crops
The funds under ALDEP were depleted quickly because of excessive number of beneficiaries.
The influx of applications was a result of a lax definition of a farmer, where every applicant
claimed to be a farmer led to the depletion of the fonds.
Failure of some applicants to meet their contributions for the FAP resulted in 3 projects not being
started. High water tariffs and lack of a policy on irrigated agriculture were also sited as
constraints. The unavailability of sufficient funds to undertake projects is also a constraint to the
department.
2.4
2.4.1
LONG TERM POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS
Development Potential and Long Term Prospects
2.4.1.1 Promotion of Economic Diversification
Pilane industrial site has a high potential for economic diversification hence needs to be fully
serviced to attract investors to put up manufacturing industries. During DDP 5 the district
managed to make detailed designs for the Central Business District (CBD). It is therefore
important that implementation be funded during DDP 6 to constitute a long-term development
programme for the district.
The Government’s existing strategy to provide water in production zones has proved quite
ineffective. In order to assist in the development of these zones, there is need to provide
assistance for drilling of boreholes or alternatively to provide water to production areas. This is in
line with the National Master Plan for Arable Agriculture and Dairy Development
(NAMPAADD).
18
There is tourism potential in the district. There are some resources like Matsieng Foot Prints and
Ramotlabaki Bird Sanctuary, where the Kgatleng community tried to establish projects but did
not do well. It is the intention of the district to revive and support these projects. The district has
scenic sites like the Phuthadikobo Museum in Mochudi, which will be developed and widely
marketed, as well as other tourism potential sites.
On promotion of conservation of natural resources and their sustainable use for income
generation opportunity, the district will vigorously embark on educating communities on utilizing
natural resources to create income-earning opportunities. The district will also embark on the
promotion of alternative energy sources such as coal and solar power technology. Government
institutions should to take a lead role in promoting energy saving technologies.
On Cost Recovery Measures the district has already started implementing some cost recovery
measures as foreign students are already paying for their primary education and health services.
The district will extend the service to citizens during DDP6. DDP 6 will also implement cost
recovery measures on serviced commercial and industrial areas.
2.4.2
Development Constraints
2.4.2.1 Personnel and financial resources
The provision of adequately skilled human resource remains a challenge during DDP5 and
requires to be addressed urgently in order to have positive impacts on the implementation of
DDP6. Indeed, in all sectors of the country, the HIV/AIDS pandemic has a devastating impact
on the labour force and financial resources of the country. National statistics have pointed to
approximately 23% of Batswana infected with HIV, meaning that significant amount of human
and financial resources will have to be diverted from other programmes to manage the impact of
HIV. Of significance is the acute shortage of medical personnel to man the health sector
effectively.
Emphasis should be given to the implementation of the privatisation policy. Hiving off such
activities as building maintenance from Council, for example, will allow the technical staff to be
more effective in the monitoring of development projects. Understaffing in the Engineering
Department is more acute and can be addressed by hiving off some of its services to the private
sector. Likewise, hiving off certain other services like refuse collection, vehicle maintenance and
repairs and certain secretarial activities can help to consolidate public sector efficiency.
During DDP6 emphasis will be given to the implementation of cost recovery measures to
augment Council’s financial resources.
2.4.2.2 Operations and maintenance
The emphasis in the provision of much needed basic infrastructure such as roads, schools, and
clinics. Many of these projects are aged and needs substantial overhaul. Priority needs to be
given to the area of maintenance of public infrastructure and any future demand on revenue must
first address this issue.
In the case of Council, this will mean a one off maintenance programme to take care of the
backlog and a future schedule which will necessitate an increase in the revenue support grant
since it is unlikely that current cost recovery measures can meet future maintenance needs.
19
Significant progress was made in the provision of social and physical infrastructure as well as in
the implementation of policies and programmes aimed at improving the social, economic and
environmental circumstance of the district. However, given the current constraints experienced,
it is hardly likely that the district can fully implement its development plan. Priority programmes
and projects will be carried over into DDP6.
2.5
LINKS TO NDP 9 THEME
The theme for NDP 9 is “ Towards Realisation of Vision 2016; Sustainable and Diversified
Development through Competitiveness in Global Markets.” This choice of the theme was mainly
influenced by the fact that NDP 9 provides the first opportunity for the various sectors to
integrate Vision 2016 goals and objectives into development planning process. Hence DDP6 will
also focus on realisation of the goals and objectives of Vision 2016 as it is enshrined in NDP 9. In
implementing the plan, the district will take cognisance of the national issues of concern such as
HIV/AIDS, water, diversification of the economic base and environmental key issues as outlined
in the Environmental Keynote Paper.
20
CHAPTER THREE
3
DDP 6 DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
3.1
PLANNING FRAMEWORK
This Chapter links the District policies to National policies and the National Development Plan 9
theme and objectives. National Development Plan 9 theme is “Towards Realisation of Vision
2016: Sustainable and Diversified Development through Competitiveness in Global
Markets”. Government has made a commitment during the Mid Term Review of National
Development Plan 8 that plans will be guided by Vision 2016 which charts the development of
the nation into the 21st century. DDP6 will therefore focus on projects and programmes which
drives the nation towards the goals and objectives of Vision 2016.
3.1.1
Vision 2016
Botswana’s Vision 2016 emphasises economic diversification and prosperity as critical for
employment creation and poverty alleviation. These should start at the district level. The
district needs to further diversify the economy from the mining sector by vigorously
implementing strategies and government - supported schemes to promote growth of the non mining sector. There is still potential for diversification in the agriculture, manufacturing and
tourism sectors. Agriculture is particularly important for employment creation and poverty
alleviation given that many poor people in the rural areas are dependent on agriculture.
i.
An Educated and Informed Nation
In addition to formal education that is provided in schools, local authorities in Kgatleng will
spearhead consultation in the district as a way of availing information to the communities
including the remote areas. This will be done through strengthening extension service delivery by
resuscitating the District and Village Extension Teams so that they provide the right information
at the right time.
Library services will also be strengthened to provide information using other sources such as
video and audio cassettes, as well as making home deliveries to home bound clients.
ii.
A Compassionate, Just and Caring Nation
The District provides services to the communities and social safety nets for the underprivileged.
The more pronounced efforts to address this pillar are in the targeted projects including
destitutes, orphan care, and provision of old age pensions. Basic shelter will be made available
for needy destitutes.
In the early years of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, Information, Education and Communication (IEC)
was the main strategy used for combating the scourge. However, as time went on, the situation
became more complex, hence a need arose for mitigation programmes such as Community Home
Based Care (CHBC), Orphan Care Programmes, Prevention of Mother To Child Transmission of
HIV/AIDS (PMTCT), Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) and Antiretroviral Therapy (ARV) for
HIV patients.
21
iii.
A Prosperous, Productive and Innovative Nation
Kgatleng District emphasizes the need to diversify in order to produce enough food both at the
household and national levels. The Remote Area Programme is one strategy that the district will
use to equip RADs with various skills as per their needs so as to empower them to start their own
projects. They will be encouraged to embark on projects by utilizing government schemes.
Empowering the RADs with the skills and knowledge will help them to be economically
independent and have a good understanding of their rights, such as land rights since currently
they occupy very limited hectares of land. They will also be able to compete for positions of high
social standing.
Emphasis will also be put on providing excellent vocational and technical skills to young people
enrolling in vocational and technical centers such as Kgatleng Brigade Development Trust and
the upcoming School of Applied Arts and Technology in Oodi. These centers will equip trainees
with life skills so that after graduating they will be able to venture into productive business
activities. Entrepreneurs will also be trained on basic business concepts to ensure profitability and
sustainability of small-scale projects to support income generation and employment creation
drive.
iii.
An Open, Democratic and Accountable Nation
This pillar calls for community oriented democracy with strong decentralized institutions.
Government institutions need to be brought closer to the people so that they participate in
decisions that affect their lives. The Local Government Structure Commission recommended
construction of service centres in villages. Implementation of these facilities will enhance
participatory development by communities through bottom up planning.
iv.
A Safe and Secure Nation
The occurrence of natural disasters cannot be ignored under normal circumstances. As such wellplanned strategies need to be put in place to counter the effects of these disasters. The district has
a Disaster Management Committee which deals with all the components of disaster namely:response, mitigation, preparedness, and re-construction. The committee is still preparing a
District Disaster Management Plan that will guide the preparation and management of disaster
activities in the district.
In cases of domestic fire outbreaks the District Council assists with fire extinguishers, while the
Botswana Defence Force and the Botswana Police Service provide rescue services. Funds
permitting, the district would build a fire station and purchase fire-fighting equipment.
The Botswana Police Service is committed to providing a quality service to the communities in
Kgatleng District by focusing on crime reduction including traffic offences. A community
policing will increase public confidence in Police Officers and this will go long way in building a
safe and secure nation by the year 2016.
The District also engages in vigorous road safety campaigns throughout the plan period to
publicize the road safety drive as much as possible.
v.
A United and Proud Nation
Batswana should take pride in their clean and unlittered surroundings. The district environmental
health plans for the next six years shall endeavour to create an enabling environment for the
realization of the above. This will be done through sustainable waste management and entails
among other things, waste minimization and reuse of products and recycling of goods.
22
3.1.2
National Environmental Key Issues
The key environmental issues experienced in Botswana are many and varied. However, notable
ones include conflicts caused by pressure on land and land scarcity, sub-optimal land
management, water scarcities, narrow scope of natural resource utilization, increasing veld fires,
fuel wood depletion, pollution and waste management.
Past development plans paid little attention to environmental conservation and the impact of
development programmees and projects on the environment. DDP6 will give attention to these
issues by making it a point that all development projects from all sectors are screened for
compliance with environmental impact assessment with a view to taking timely corrective
measures.
3.1.3
District Environmental Key Issues
3.1.3.1 Land Management
The district’s close proximity to Gaborone has contributed to the pressure on the land in Kgatleng
Diastrict. At Mmamashia this has lead to squatting and illegal change of land use from arable
farming to commercial ventures such as poultry. Also worthy of mention are illegal transfers of
land.
Elsewhere in the district villages are inundated with applications for residential and other land
uses which can not be provided in Gaborone. Villages of Mochudi, Pilane, Rasesa, Morwa,
Bokaa, Modipane, Oodi Matebele and the river villages are particuraly worth mentioning in this
respect.
In villages where village plans have not been prepared, the issue of sub-optimal land
management is a problem. Lack of controlled planning leads to haphazard lands allocations
which in turn contribute to village sprawl. Preparatration of the said plans during DDP6 will be
the objective of the district. Communal grazing can also be said to contribute to sub optimal land
management as it is not possible to practice proper stocking rates. The implementation of
National Agricultural Policy during DDP6 will arrest the situation.
3.1.3.2 Natural Resources Utilization
Fuelwood depletion and a declining trend in wildlife species are some of the district’s
environmental issues. Fuelwood depletion comes about as a result of both population growth and
persistent droughts.
The uncontrolled extraction of sand and gravel for the construction industry has lead to pressure
of these resources. Contractors coming from within and outside the district extract these
resources haphazardly, without sustainable utilization. This also often leaves the land with
borrow pits without rehabilitation. In some instances the resources are harvested illegally without
seeking permission from the appropriate authorities which makes it difficult to monitor.
3.1.3.3 Water Supply
The district gets its water supply from two sources namely the North South Water Carrier and
ground water sources supplied from boreholes by council’s Water Departmeent. The North South
23
water Carrier supplies the village of Mochudi, Pilane Morwa, Oodi, Modipane Bokaa and Rasesa
will soon be conected.
During DDP6 it is expected that water will be tapped from Molatedi Dam which also supplies
Gaborone from the Republic of South Africa to supply the river villages. The quality of water is
hard and the quantity is insufficient at these villages. A consultant has currently been engaged to
look into the situation and advise accordingly, the outcome of which will have a bearing on the
Molatedi water supply project.
3.1.3.4 Pollution and Waste Management
Pollution of ground water especially from pit latrines has been an environmental issue in the
district. However, with the advent of the construction of a sewerage disposal pipeline in
Mochudi, the situation will improve during DDP6 plan period.
The other pollution issue in the district is the disposal of waste water into Notwane River from
Gaborone. During DDP6 plan period, some mechanisms will be put in place to monitor
contaminants that are brought by waste water into the river.
There already exists a sanitary landfill at Pilane. Another one is planned for during DDP6 to be
constructed in the river villages. There are small waste disposal sites near all settlements.
Consequently, Kgatleng District will during DDP6 plan period concentrate on capacity building
to meet the required minimum standards of waste disposal by landfill.
3.1.3.5 Increasing Veldt Fires
Increasing veldt fires are a source of concern for the district as they often exacerbate the
incidences of drought. Construction of fire breaks and the implementation of the National
Agricultural Policy during DDP6 will help resolve the problem.
3.1.4
Ministry of Local Government Strategic Plan
The Ministry of Local Government is charged with the responsibility to provide basic physical
and social facilities to the communities. The ministry’s strategy is based on the seven pillars of
Vision 2016 with the overall objective of being a competitive and customer focused centre of
excellence. This would be achieved through embarking on comprehensive public sector reforms.
To achieve its goals the ministry will roll out the Performance Management System concept to
Local Authorities and request them to produce strategic plans that are in line with the Ministry’s
strategic plan. Through the Local Authorities, the district will ensure that the Ministry’s KRAs
are achieved.
3.1.5
District Key Issues
The district key issues are:
3.1.5.1 Poor Implementation and Monitoring of Planned Projects
The district experienced cost overruns during DDP5 due to delayed project completion by the
citizen contractors. For example Boseja clinic with maternity started in 1998 and to date it is still
incomplete.
24
3.1.5.2 Unemployment
Unemployment is still prevalent in the district especially in the rural villages. This leads to
migration from rural areas to the main centres.
3.1.5.3 Lack of Slaughtering Facilities
There is no abattoir in the district. Animals are slaughtered at the butcheries and/or kraals. This is
not a healthy situation because there is no guarantee that the meat is safe for human consumption.
There is therefore a need for an abattoir in the district to ensure a healthy and secure nation in
2016.
3.1.5.4 Mushrooming of Settlement
The district is overwhelmed by the mushrooming of settlements. To combat the situation an
evaluation of unrecognised settlements in line with NSP is necessary in DDP 6. There has been a
demand for recognition of settlements such as Mokatse and Khurutshe.
3.1.5.5 Uncontrolled Sand Extraction
Quarrying and extraction of sand are the only mining activities that occur in the district. There is
a serious concern of uncontrolled and unregulated extraction of sand and gravel coupled with the
non-payment of extraction fees. The whole situation is exacerbated by the fact that there are no
enabling bye-laws. Absence of zoned quarrying areas also encourages indiscriminate quarrying.
3.1.5.6 Storm water Drainage
Mochudi village suffers from an inadequate and poorly coordinated drainage system. The village
receives substantial quantities of natural surface water run-off from the surrounding hills, with
consequent problems of erosion and surface water disposal. Although ultimately the water flows
into Notwane River, it first goes through natural channels such as Molatlhegi, Tsope,
Mmadipamo, Molapo-wa-baruti, and Raserura streams, which transverse the village creating
access problems and hazards to public safety. A coordinated drainage system does not exist.
There is need for a well-designed storm water drainage system.
3.1.5.7 Firewood Collection
People are of the view that firewood collection has reached alarming proportions. Consequently
some form of regulatory measures should be imposed on institutions that are still using firewood
for cooking and heating. Bye Laws should be put in place to curb the depletion of trees.
3.1.5.8 Village Development Committees (VDCs)
VDC’s take two years as office bearers. However this two-year period is too short for VDCs to
realise their goals and objectives. Hence the committees favour a five-year period to enable them
implement their strategies and even evaluate before handing over to the incoming VDCs. The
incumbents complain that this is the reason why incoming VDCs usually work with poor records,
scanty information and not up to date financial statements from the outgoing VDCs.
3.1.5.9 Unemployment
There is lack of employment opportunities in rural areas due to the fact that the main source of
livelihood, which is agriculture, has been experiencing a dramatic decline because of drought. It
25
has also emerged that though some individuals and groups have been granted FAP and CEDA
funds to assist them to start income - generating projects, there is insignificant progress because
of the following factors.
3.1.5.10
Lack of entrepreneurial skills
There is lack of markets and lack of diversification of projects undertaken since most FAP and
CEDA recipients concentrate on the same type of projects such as sewing, welding, brick
moulding etc
3.1.5.11
Payment of Day Care Centres by Government
Village Development Committees are unable to pay teachers hence a lot of Day Care Centres are
not operational. The proposal is to request Government to takeover running of these institutions.
3.1.5.12
Establishment of a sub-district at Mmathubudukwane
There is need to establish a sub-district at Mmathubudukwane to bring services closer to the
people since they have to travel long distances to Mochudi to get their services.
3.1.5.13
HIV/AIDS
There is still a challenge to reduce the rising incidence of the HIV virus, particularly among the
young people. A further challenge is to assess and minimize the impact of AIDS related illnesses
and death on families, businesses, government budget, and the economy as a whole.
3.1.5.14
Loss of agricultural Land for Residential Purposes
Kgatleng District is one area where there is shortage of land. Arable fields are being acquired for
residential, commercial and industrial development. The area with rapid change of use is the A1
corridor from Gaborone to Dibete.
3.1.6
Respective Long Term District Plans
There are a number of long term plans for the district, which are aimed at guiding development to
ensure efficient land utilisation. They also provide a framework for the provision of services.
3.1.6.1 South East Regional Master Plan (2003-2027)
This is a long-term plan covering a period of twenty years, aimed at improving the living
conditions of the resident population through the use of natural resources found within the region.
This has the potential to ensure sustainability as an area will utilize natural resources at its
disposal This Master Plan includes seven district councils, namely Southern, Kweneng, Kgtaleng
South East, Jwaneng, Lobatse and Gaborone.
3.1.6.2 Kgatleng District Settlement Strategy (2003-2027)
This settlement strategy aims at efficient utilization of land by carefully allocating land to
suitable uses and also providing services to settlements in accordance with their status in the
settlement hierarchy. It helps in creating linkages between settlements and identifying
production, processing and marketing of goods and services.
26
3.1.6.3 Mochudi Planning Area (1995-2015)
This planning area covers the other villages of Morwa, Bokaa, Pilane and Rasesa. The plan
articulates the various land uses in these areas. The plan has been running for the last eight years.
It consequently needs to be reviewed to assess its benefits and shortfalls. The plan was gazetted
under the Town and Country Planning Act (Declaration of Planning Areas) order of 18th April
1995 through statutory instrument No 27 0f 1995.
3.1.6.4 River Villages Development Plan (2002-2026)
A development plan is being prepared for the five villages of Malolwane, Ramonaka,
Mathubudukwane, Mabalane and Sikwane. These settlements do not have clear village
boundaries and the only thing that helps to show their extent is the water works boundaries. The
River Villages as they are referred to in the plan are located along the Marrico River that borders
the Republic of South Africa in the south east of Kgatleng District. It is expected that the plan
will promote efficient and utilization and avoid sprawling and uncoordinated village growth.
3.1.6.5 Mmamashia Integrated Land Management Plan (1999)
The Integrated Land Management Plan for Mmamashia came about as result of prevalence of
squatting, illegal exchange of land between parties leading to unauthorized developments,
pressure for land allocation by the citizenry and unguided change of land use.
The objectives of the management plan is to subdivide the affected area into specific categories
of land use zones, preserve agricultural land, promote and encourage prudency in land utilization
and offer the land board the opportunity to respond to land issues in the affected area decisively
and encourage development.
3.2
3.2.1
DDP6 OVERALL GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
Summary of Key Issues
Generally the key issues for the district range from poor implementation of projects, poor and
inadequate monitoring of projects, unemployment, environmentally healthy facilities,
mushrooming of settlements and uncontrolled growth of settlements, rampant HIV/AIDS, land
use conflicts and indiscriminate sand extraction.
3.2.2
DDP6 Development Goals
The National Development Plan and the District Development Plan together with various
government policies are guiding elements for the development of the district. The District
Development Plan interprets the goals and objectives of the National Development Plan for
implementation at district level.
Pursuant to the National Development Plan Eight’s theme of “Sustainable Economic Growth”
and National Development Plan Nine’s theme of “Towards the Realisation of Vision 2016”, the
broad goals of Kgatleng District are economic growth, poverty reduction, employment creation
and the fight against the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The district’s goals were carefully selected to
address the pillars of vision 2016.
27
Table 3.1
DDP 6 development goals and objectives
Goal
Objectives
1. Promotion of industrial development for
economic diversification and development
To implement the industrial policy
To train entrepreneurs in both managerial and
technical skills
2. Development and promotion of the district’s
natural resources to the advantage of the district
and socio-economic growth
To identify and facilitate the use of natural
resources
3. To encourage self-reliance as a means to the
development of the district
To encourage self-help projects at village level
including SHHA
4. To promote good working relationship among
all stakeholders
To enhance consultation and transparency
5. To create conducive environment for potential
investors
To ensure availability of serviced land
To market the district as a strategy for
investment
To improve and expand physical infrastructure
To provide
facilities
adequate
community/public
6. To uplift the socio-economic status of the
RADS
T continue the RADP Programme
7. Reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS in the district
To intensify the campaign
awareness for HIV/AIDS
against
and
To mainstream of HIV/AIDS into development
projects
8. Make the district a safe and habitable place
To raise public confidence in the police
personnel and promotion of crime prevention
measures
9. Promotion of livestock and arable farming
To implement of various agricultural policies
and programmes
10. To improve water quality and guard against
misuse
To replicate the pre-paid metering system
throughout the district
To connect the River villages to the Molatedi
dam
11. To improve access to education at all levels
in the district
To maintain education facilities
To provide additional facilities
To reduce the teacher/pupil ratio
28
3.2.3
Environmental Goals
Table 3.2
Environmental Goals and Objectives
Goal
Objectives
1. To protect the environment as well as
conserve natural resources
To promote of community based natural resources
management projects
To promote waste management techniques that are
compatible with the modern standards
To promote environmental education through public
awareness programmes
To facilitate the integration of environmental education
into formal education
To foster environmental friendly practices through the
formulation, review and facilitation of relevant
environmental policies and legislations
To prevent sanitation related diseases
To designate and monitor extraction sites for sand and
gravel and ensuring mandatory rehabilitation of those
sites
29
3.2.4
Framework for Monitoring Sector Goals and Objectives
Table 3.3
Sector Goals, Objectives and Strategies
Goal
Objectives
Strategies
1. Promotion of industrial development for
economic diversification and development
To implement the Industrial development
Policy
Mobilise communities to utilise CEDA loans and to
venture into income generating activities
To enhance managerial and technical
skills of entrepreneurs
Training of entrepreneurs in both managerial and
technical skills
To identify and facilitate the use of
natural resources
Encourage community based groups to
community based natural resource projects
2. To develop and promote of the district’s
natural resources to the advantage of the
district and socio-economic growth
start
Provide advise to the communities through the
Technical Advisory Committee (TAC)
3. To encourage self-reliance as a means to
the development of the district
To encourage self-help projects at village
level including SHHA
Encourage communities to implement self-help
projects and to acquire the SHHA loan
4. To promote good working relationship
among all stakeholders
To
enhance
transparency
Meet with district leadership quarterly for exchange
of information
consultation
and
Meet with VDC’s to give them feedback on projects
and programmes implemented in the district
5. To create conducive environment for
potential investors
To ensure availability of serviced land
To market the district as a strategy for
investment
To improve
infrastructure
6. To uplift the socio-economic status of the
RADS
and
expand
physical
Service Pilane Industrial Site
Develop the Central Business District
Construction of proper storm water drainage
Construction fire station and provision of fire
fighting equipment
Construction of streetlights
To provide adequate community/public
facilities
Construction of a multi-purpose civic hall
To continue the RADP Programme
Purchasing of livestock for the RADS
Encourage and revive income generating projects
7. To reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS in the
district
To intensify the campaign against and
awareness for HIV/AIDS
Organise organize workshops for various groups in
the district
30
Goal
Objectives
To mainstream of
development projects
HIV/AIDS
into
Strategies
Organize HIV/AIDS fares in the district
Observe the World AIDS Day
Encourage the community to test for HIV and enrol
in the ARV programme
Ensure that HIV/AIDS issues are incorporated into
the development projects
8. To make the district a safe and habitable
place
To raise public confidence in the police
personnel and promotion of crime
prevention measures
Construction of a semi-urban police station at
Mmathubudukwane
Extension of VHF radio trunking and digital
microwave
Organize crime prevention seminars
9. To promote livestock and arable farming
To implement various
policies and programmes
agricultural
Implementation of the Fencing Component of the
National Agricultural Development Policy
Implementation of the NAMPAADD programme
Training of farmers in various skills
Preserve fertile arable land through the production of
integrated land use plans
10. To improve water quality and guard
against misuse of water
To put up water saving measures
To carry out evaluation of water quality
and provide an alternative source
11. To improve access to education at all
levels in the district
To ensure the implementation of the
Revised National Policy on Education
Replicate the pre-paid metering system throughout
the district
Connecting the River villages to the Molatedi dam
Rehabilitation of water systems as and when
necessary
Upgrading of all secondary schools
Construction of College of Applied Arts
Provision additional facilities both at secondary and
primary schools
31
3.2.5
Framework for Monitoring Environmental Goals and Objectives
Table 3.4
Environmental Goals, Objectives and Strategies
Goal
Objectives
Strategies
1.
To
protect
the
environment as well as
conserve natural resources
To promote community
based
natural
resources
management projects
Enforcement of conservation
bye-laws
Encourage the formation of
Community
Based
Organizations through the
TAC
To
promote
waste
management techniques that
are compatible with the
modern standards
To promote environmental
education through public
awareness programmes
To foster environmental
friendly practices through the
formulation, review and
facilitation
of
relevant
environmental policies and
legislations
3.3
Come up with the District
Waste Management Plan
Develop Sanitary landfills
and
sewerage
disposal
systems
Conduct
Environmental
awareness workshops
Facilitate
community
education on environmental
issues
Ensure
regular
environmental audits and
reporting
Recommend the passing of
the EIA legislation
To prevent sanitation related
diseases
Encourage the use of dry
compost toilets
To designate and monitor
extraction sites for sand and
gravel
and
ensuring
mandatory rehabilitation of
those sites
Come up with monitoring
measures to ensure proper
extraction of sand and gravel
FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Although the environmental pieces of legislation are in place, to monitor the state of the
environment, there is need to evaluate the key environmental issues with sector goals and
objectives in order to be able to device strategies for compliance with environmental
conservation.
The overall sector goals and objectives should not conflict with environmental policies and
programmes for conservation as is reflected hereunder.
32
Table 3.5
Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives.
Goal
Objectives
Environmental
Key Issues
Possible Impacts
1. To protect the
environment
as
well as conserve
natural resources
To
promote
community
based
natural
resources
management projects
Natural
resource
utilization
Possible depletion
and
degradation,
littering
Pollution
Loss
of
diversity
Soil erosion
To promote waste
management
techniques that are
compatible with the
modern standards
To
promote
environmental
education
through
public
awareness
programmes
To
foster
environmental
friendly
practices
through
the
formulation, review
and facilitation of
relevant
environmental
policies
and
legislations
Natural
Resource
Utilization
bio-
Littering
Natural
Resource
Utilization
-
Pollution
Underground water
contamination
Air pollution
Land Management
Water
Natural
Resource
Utilization
Possible depletion,
land degradation
To prevent sanitation
related diseases
To designate and
monitor extraction
sites for sand and
gravel and ensuring
mandatory
rehabilitation
of
those sites
33
3.3.1
Evaluation of Policies and Programmes Against Overall Goals and Objectives
Table 3.6
Goals and Objectives, Policies and Programmes
Goal
Objectives
Policies
Possible Impacts
1. To protect the
environment
as
well as conserve
natural resources
To
promote
community
based
natural
resources
management
projects
National
Conservation Policy
Community Based
Natural
Resource
Management
Programme
National Policy on
Natural Resources
Conservation and
Development
National
Forestry
Policy
Wildlife Act
The start of the
CBNRM has been
very slow in the
district
mainly
because of absence
of
Wildlife
Management Areas
To promote waste
management
techniques that are
compatible with the
modern standards
To
promote
environmental
education through
public
awareness
programmes
To
foster
environmental
friendly
practices
through
the
formulation, review
and facilitation of
relevant
environmental
policies
and
legislations
To
sanitation
diseases
prevent
related
To designate and
monitor extraction
sites for sand and
gravel and ensuring
mandatory
rehabilitation
of
those sites
Botswana Strategy
for
Waste
Management
Waste Management
Act
Draft
Environmental
Impact Assessment
Act
National
Water
Master Plan
Conservation Policy
National
Conservation Policy
CBNRM
Programme
Tourism Policy
Wildlife Act
Waste Management
Act
Botswana Strategy
for
Waste
Management
Revised
National
Policy on Rural
Development
Waste Management
Act
Botswana Strategy
for
Waste
Management
There has been the
construction
and
equipping of the
landfill in the district
at Pilane. Another
landfill
will
be
constructed
at
Dikwididi.
Other
waste disposal sites
in other parts of the
district have been
constructed.
Implementation of
the Mochudi Phase 2
Sanitation Project.
There has not been
much impact in
terms of natural
resource utilization,
but in terms of waste
management much
has been done and
the programme is
running well.
In
terms
of
harmonizing
conflicting policies
and
programmes
something has been
done. For example
the
Mmmashia
Policy on Land
Management
has
been drawn, and
there is a proposal
Draft
34
Goal
Objectives
Policies
Environmental
Impact Assessment
Act
National
Water
Master Plan
Wetlands Policy
Possible Impacts
for an Integrated
Land Use Plan for
the district.
There has been the
construction
and
equipping of the
landfill in the district
at Pilane. Another
landfill
will
be
constructed
at
Dikwididi.
Other
waste disposal sites
in other parts of the
district have been
constructed.
Implementation of
the Mochudi Phase 2
Sanitation Project
There is prevalence
of un rehabilitated
borrow
pits,
uncontrolled
sand
extraction from the
rivers.
35
CHAPTER FOUR
4
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION
4.1
INTRODUCTION
Kgatleng District being small in size (7600 km2) has to have a sound environmental conservation
plan to safeguard against any eventuality. The District has a density of 9.2 people per square
kilometre, this in itself, has a bearing on the environment; overgrazing, overstocking,
underground water pollution are some of the issues of concern. Most villages depend on
underground water for their domestic purposes. It is therefore critical to protect this vital resource
from potential harm. This is line with Vision 2016 pillar of ‘A Prosperous, Productive and
Innovative Nation”.
4.1.1
Institutional Framework
Most of the issues of environmental nature are the responsibility of the Ministry of Lands,
Housing and Environment through the National Conservation Strategy Agency. There are other
environmental issues dealt with by other ministries, NGOs and the Private sector. The district
enforces some control on the environment through such organs as District Land Use Planning
Unit (DLUPU), Environmental Health Department (Council). It is worth noting that of late all
projects of a certain magnitude have to be preceded by an environmental impact assessment.
However, there is need to establish an authority to determine which projects require an
Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) and then subsequently ensure that such EIA is
undertaken.
Table 4.1
Strategic Plans For Respective Departments
Ministry
Strategic Plan
Role
Minerals, Energy and Water
Resources
Conservation and protection
of the environment
Provision of sewerage facilities to major
villages
Ministry of Agriculture
Conservation of agricultural
resources
Rehabilitation of degraded areas
Improve land management practices
Ministry of Trade, Industry,
Wildlife and Tourism
Sustaining
Wildlife
populations and habitats
To develop and strengthen existing area
management plans so as to protect
sensitive habitats and rehabilitate
degraded ones on continuous basis.
To promote partnership in
sustainable utilisation and
management of wildlife
resources
Ministry of Lands, Housing
and Environment
To promote environmental
management throughout the
country
Promoting
coordination
of
actions/activities, policies and legislations
aimed at protecting the environment.
Providing general advise on proper
environmental
management
and
protection
Ministry of Local Government
36
4.2
ENVIRONMENTAL PRIORITY ISSUES
The following are the environmental priority issues of the district:





Poor Land Management
Natural resource utilization
Inefficient, shortage, quality and distribution of Water
Pollution and waste Management
Increasing veldt fires
These issues have been recognised as contributing to the deterioration of the environment in
some way. Consequently, they need to be addressed in pursuit of the Vision 2016 which
emphasises the need to preserve and conserve the environment in development processes so as to
endure sustainability. Addressing these issues would help us in the effort to meet the main
challenge in resource development, which is to reduce waste and thus raise productivity of
natural resources.
4.3
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATIONS
There are various policies and legislation drafted to address issues of environmental
concern. These will be dealt with individually below:4.3.1
National Conservation Strategy 1990
This Strategy is concerned with all environmental issues in the country. The focus is on pasture
degradation; depletion of wood resources; underground water pollution and over-use of veldt
products. Most settlements have an on-site sewage disposal in Kgatleng district. Consequently
problems of sewage spillage from septic tanks do occur, there are also pit latrines that in most
cases are not lined resulting in underground pollution. This poses a threat to the district water
resources and sources as most of the settlements draw water from boreholes. There is need to
look into these issues during the plan period.
Pasture degradation is not a major issue in the district either because the livestock population is
small or that the district lies in the eastern region where rainfalls are good, and land is mainly
devoted to arable farming.
Fuel wood remains the district’s main source of energy with most of the households relying on it
entirely. It is imperative therefore for the district to put in place measures to control this state of
affairs and possibly come up with alternative energy sources.
4.3.2
Waste Management Act 1998
The act spells out procedures for the creation of landfill sites, waste disposal sites and the general
sanitation in villages. It has already been stated that the threat to underground pollution exists in
the district. The district has to have a clear waste management plan to be able to address the
issues of waste generation, storage and collection. Already there is a landfill constructed in the
district at Pilane and the other one will be constructed at Dikwididi during DDP6.
37
4.3.3
Environmental Impact Assessment Act (Draft)
This act makes it mandatory for environmental impact assessment to be carried out for
environmentally hazardous and large-scale projects. It also embraces archaeological issues. It is
pleasing to note that all major developments are currently being preceded by environmental
impact assessment in the district, e.g. Pilane landfill.
4.3.4
Community Based Natural Resource Management
There is not much related to the management of natural resources by communities in the district.
The community has started a community game farm project at Ramotlabaki, which is still at its
infancy stage. Rasesa community has also started a project at “Matsieng historic site” for their
benefit. These projects have the potential to generate revenues that can benefit the communities
directly. It is hoped that more projects of this nature would be started during DDP 6.
4.3.5
Wetlands Policy 2000
This emphasizes the need to protect and manage all wetlands properly. It is important to ensure
that streams and river channels as well as bodies of water whether permanent or temporary are
protected from extinction. It is our hope that this will come to full realization during this plan
period.
4.4
DDP 6 ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
The environmental goals for the district entails the following:Table 4.2
Environmental Goals and Objectives
Goals
Objectives
To reduce the effects of soil erosion in the
district by proper land use management.
Initiate the preparation of the district’s
integrated land use plan
Encourage lining of drainage channels
To improve waste management efforts
through
public
education
and
the
involvement of private sector.
Conduct workshops and seminars
Enable private sector participation through
reasonable rates.
Promote recycling of products
To reduce underground water pollution by
the use of appropriate technology and
regulations.
Enforce the lining of pit latrines in the
district.
To reduce dependence on fuel wood by
promoting other forms of energy and
afforestation.
Public education
Avail seedlings of indigenous trees to people.
To reduce the incidence of veldt fires in the
district through proper safety measures and
legislation.
Conduct public education
Create fire control committees.
38
4.5
FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Table 4.3
Evaluation of Sector Policies and Legislations
Goal
Objectives
Policies / Legislation
Relevance /
Implications
To reduce the effects
of soil erosion in the
district by proper land
use management
Initiate
the
preparation of the
district’s integrated
land use plan
Encourage lining of
drainage channels
Vision 2016
National
Conservation Policy
These have a bearing
on land degradation
as
well
as
sustainability.
To improve waste
management
efforts
through
public
education and the
involvement of private
sector.
Conduct workshops
and seminars
Enable private sector
participation through
reasonable rates.
Promote recycling of
products
Waste Management
Act
National
Conservation Policy
The policies spell out
how waste problems
can be handled
To reduce underground
water pollution by the
use of appropriate
technology
and
regulations.
Enforce the lining of
pit latrines in the
district.
Waste Management
Act
Environmental
Impact Assessment
Pollution issues are
addressed
and
mitigation measures
put into place.
To reduce dependence
on fuel wood by
promoting other forms
of
energy
and
afforestation
Public education
Avail seedlings of
indigenous trees to
people.
National
Conservation
Strategy
National
Forest
Policy
Sustainable
utilization of
resource
emphasized.
To
reduce
the
incidence of veldt fires
in the district through
proper safety measures
and legislation.
Conduct
education
Create fire
committees.
National
Forest
Policy
Agricultural
Resource Act
The preservation of
natural resources is
promoted
and
sustainability.
public
control
this
is
39
4.6
PROPOSED
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROGRAMMES
Table 4.4
STRATEGIES
TO
IMPLEMENT
DISTRICT
ENVIRONMENTAL
Proposed Projects, Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Goals
To reduce the effects of soil
erosion in the district by
proper land use management.
To
improve
waste
management efforts through
public education and the
involvement of private sector.
To reduce underground water
pollution by the use of
appropriate technology and
regulations.
To reduce dependence on fuel
wood by promoting other
forms
of
energy
and
afforestation.
To reduce the incidence of
veldt fires in the district
through
proper
safety
measures and legislation.
Objectives
Proposed Project
Potential Impacts
Mitigation Measures
 Initiate the preparation of the
district’s integrated land use
plan
 Encourage lining of drainage
channels
 Conduct
workshops
and
seminars
 Enable private sector partici
pation through reasonable
rates.
 Promote recycling of waste
 Enforce the lining of pit
latrines in the district.
 Preparation of Integrated
Land Use Plan
 Construction of storm water
drainage
 None
 Loss of vegetation
 Siltation
 None
 Carrying out EIA
 Regular cleaning up
of channels
 Conduct workshops and
seminars
 Privatisation
of
waste
collection
 Informed
community
 None
 Construction of a Landfill at
Dikwididi
 Educate communities on the
use of dry compost toilets
 Land
degradation
and soil erosion
 Loss of vegetation
 Carrying out EIA
 Public education
 Avail seedlings of indigenous
trees to people.
 Organise
workshops
on
environmental issues
 Intensify public education on
the use of alternative energy
sources such as coal and solar
 Distribute
seedlings
to
communities
during
the
National Tree Planting Day
 Construction and equipping
of a fire station
 Construction
and
maintenance of fire breaks
 Littering
 Provide waste bins
and waste collection
points
 Loss of vegetation
 Carrying out EIA
 Conduct public education
 Create fire control committees.
40
4.7
RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR DDP 6
4.7.1
Issues (Weaknesses) and Strengths for DDP 6:
Having outlined the structural framework desirable for the proper implementation of perceived
improved environmental program, it is now fitting to discuss the requisite resources.
Environmental protection is a very costly undertaking. This implicitly means that there will be
need for funding. Because of the implicit high cost of the program, funding is probably the
single most important resource. The other important resource is management and requisite
manpower. Experience has taught us that coordination is a very important element for district
level programs. There is also need for capital outlay, which will manifest itself as office space,
furniture, equipment, stationery and communication facilities all of which are necessary for
operation.
Generally the benefits derived from environmental protection accrue over a very long period
rather than in the short term. In addition, the benefits are indirect. Consequently, private
operators are reluctant to invest in environmental programs; even governments do not usually
pursue environmental programs with adequate commitment. Given these constraints, and indeed
the financial constraints, the efforts of government regarding the environment are indeed
commendable.
4.7.2
Performance Targets, Development Budget and Plan Monitoring
Table 4.5
Proposed Projects, Performance Targets, Budget and Plan Monitoring
Project
Performance Target
Budget
Plan Monitoring
Preparation
of
Integrated Land Use
Plan
Plan prepared
P1 000 000
Storm Water drainage
constructed
P3 000 000
Preparation
and
presentation
of
quarterly
progress
reports to various
district
committees
and
to
relevant
departments
and
ministries
Workshops conducted
in all villages by the
end of the plan period
P70 000
Construction of storm
water drainage
Conduct workshops
and seminars on waste
management
Privatisation of waste
collection
Collection of waste
privatised
Not Available
Construction of a
Landfill at Dikwididi
Landfill constructed
P15 000 000
Educate communities
on the use of dry
compost toilets
Workshops conducted
P70 000
Organise workshops
on
environmental
Workshops conducted
P70 000
Preparation
and
presentation
of
quarterly
progress
reports to various
district
committees
and
to
relevant
departments
and
ministries
Preparation
and
presentation
of
quarterly
progress
reports to various
district
committees
and
to
relevant
departments
and
ministries
Preparation
presentation
and
of
41
Project
issues
Performance Target
Budget
Plan Monitoring
quarterly
progress
reports to various
district
committees
and
to
relevant
departments
and
ministries
P6 500 000
Preparation
and
presentation
of
quarterly
progress
reports to various
district
committees
and
to
relevant
departments
and
ministries
Intensify
public
education on the use
of alternative energy
sources such as coal
and solar
Distribute seedlings to
communities during
the National Tree
Planting Day
Seedlings distributed
to communities
Construction
and
equipping of a fire
station
Fire
constructed
equipped
station
and
Construction
and
maintenance of fire
breaks
Fire
Constructed
breaks
42
CHAPTER FIVE
5
LAND USE PLANNING
5.1
INTRODUCTION
As defined by the Ministry of Lands and Housing land use planning places emphasis on physical
and economic use of the land. That land is a finite resource and needs to be used efficiently, as
its demand increases and its availability decreases over time as human population increases.
Kgatleng District Development Plan 6 is therefore geared towards implementing land use
projects, which will take into account sustainable land utilization. To this end, all land resource
based implemented projects will be required to have a mandatory EIA as a package.
5.1.1
Institutional Framework
Various Ministries have developed strategic plans on land use planning relating to how they
intend to use their various land related resources. The use of such natural resources has an
environmental impact on land hence there is need to have strategic plans for utilizing such
resources. Such strategic plans are as follows per Ministry.
5.1.2
Strategic plans for respective Ministries on Land Use Planning
Ministry of Local Government
For the coming District Development Plan 6, the Ministry’s main preoccupation regarding land
use planning is with respect to the implementation of the physical and social infrastructure and
services in the district. A need for change is a general consensus with Ministry of Local
Government in order to have a timely implementation of approved projects. Thus the provision
of basic infrastructure and social services mainly rural administration centres, customary courts,
Remote Area Dwellers’ hostels, clinics and health posts, water and sanitation and social and
community services.
Thus the development and implementation of the Ministry of Local Government and Strategic
Plan regarding the above mentioned projects and social services is based on the understanding
that land has been secured, is fully serviced and ready for development.
Ministry of Lands, Housing and Environment
Being aware of the fact that serviced land is essential in the order to attract foreign investment to
create jobs as well as industrialise and diversify the economy, the MLHE has resolved to
secure/acquire land for distribution to eligible customers. The Ministry has pledged to
appropriate 6300 hectares of tribal land countrywide for uses in the villages during the calendar
2003. To ensure that this succeeds the Ministry has secured P13 million for compensation of
landholders for land acquired for villages by the year 2003.
In addition the Ministry Strategic plan intends to facilitate for distribution of land through
enforcement of appropriate policies and legislation. Measures are in place to develop land
allocation criteria to ensure/facilitate equitable distribution of land in the district by the year
2002.
43
That land is finite means that effort should be taken to ensure land resources are used efficiently
to the extent that reclamation of wasteland through assessment of the potential use of the land
becomes of the plan. It is on the basis of this that the Ministry has resolved to identify and assess
potential use of borrow pits and dump sites within major settlements by the year 2003. In
addition the Ministry would carryout geo-technical surveys in ten major settlements to determine
suitability for development by the end of NDP8.
Ministry of Agriculture
Regarding the strategic plan on land use planning for the Ministry of Agriculture emphasis is put
on the conservation and sustainability of the agricultural resources. This relates more to the
existing land resources such as grazing resources, arable farms and some veldt products. Land
use planning in the MOA relates to land already used for agricultural purposes.
Ministry of Trade, Wildlife and Tourism
As regard wildlife populations and habitats the Ministry intends to provide input in land-use
planning to ensure that pure habitats are protected and their integrity maintained. Effort to
minimise human-wildlife conflict would entail deterring livestock from encroaching into wildlife
areas and wildlife from causing damage to people’s property. Community participation in the
wildlife sector with a view to realise its economic value will be encouraged.
5.1.3
Land Use Planning Consultation Priorities
From the community consultations that took place on the month of September 2001 a number of
projects were proposed which had a bearing on land use planning. The following issues were
raised by the community and have direct influence on land use planning.
 Status of Khurutshe
By virtue of the fact there are RADS children staying in the cattle post area in the North Western
part of the District, a primary school and a health post served by a Family Welfare education are
available though Kgatleng Land Board does not allocate land there since Khurutshe does not
qualify as a recognized settlement. As a result the participants from Khurutshe were not allowed
to propose any development projects because it is serviced by Kgomodiatshaba. The settlement
is not recognised by the District Settlement Strategy.
 Mokatse
Customary Court to Chief’s Representative, the residents wants the settlement to be independent
from Modipane. It has been recommended that village status be accorded to Modipane.
 Roads Construction – Storm Water Drainage
Complaints were raised from the participants that when roads are constructed, proper land use
planning is not adhered to, as the impact of such projects is not taken into consideration hence
floodwater occurs in adjacent properties. There is need for environmental impact assessment to
be carried out in order to minimize the negative effects of the projects in the area being
developed.
5.2
5.2.1
LAND USE POLICIES AND LEGISLATION
National Settlement Policy 1998
Provides guidelines on equitable distribution of investment, in order to achieve a spatially
balanced development countrywide, especially on trained manpower and financial resources.
44
This would be reflected in the settlement’s function, size in population, economic potential, and
level of infrastructure and of service centres to catchment. In addition land use of the particular
settlement is also important. In pursuant to the policy objectives, Kgatleng District Settlement
Strategy has been prepared.
5.2.2
District Settlement Strategy
The Kgatleng District Settlement Strategy has not been finalised. It is still in draft form. It
covers a period from 1999-2023 and is being prepared by Department of Town and Regional
Planning on behalf of the district.
In principle the strategy is to facilitate the implementation at district level of national goals and
objectives as indicated in the National Development Plan and the National Settlement Policy.
With regard to NSP, settlement plans have been prepared for Mochudi and the River villages and
during the plan period other settlement plans will be done.
In addition the district settlement strategy is meant to review the existing land uses and designate
land use zones in order to facilitate the optimal use of the land.
One of the goals of the Kgatleng District Settlement Strategy, even though in draft from is to
facilitate the efficient use and conservation of existing or available natural resources in order to
sustain them. This would be achieved through control of growth of livestock and wildlife
populations so as to reduce pressure on land, water and pasture, which are limited in supply. In
addition it would lead to integrating conservation and development in order to protect the scarce
natural resources and the environment in general.
5.2.3
Integrated Land Use Plans
The district does not have an integrated land use plan and hence will be an important land use
project for DDP6.
5.3
LAND USE PLANNING SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES FOR DDP6
As a Ministry concerned with land use and utilization, MLHE has developed three basic goals
and objectives to deal with the acquisition of land for distribution for various land tenure systems
in the district.
45
Table 5.1
Sector Goals and Objectives
Goals
Objectives
1. Create conducive environment for potential
investors
To ensure availability of serviced land
To improve and expand physical infrastructure
To provide adequate community/public facilities
2. Development and promotion of the district’s
natural resources to the advantage of the
district and socio-economic growth
To identify and facilitate the use of natural resources
3. Promotion of livestock and arable farming
Implementation of various agricultural policies and
programmes
4. To protect the environment as well as
conserve natural resources
Promotion of community based natural resources
management projects
To designate and monitor extraction sites for sand and
gravel and ensuring mandatory rehabilitation of those
sites
5. To reduce the effects of soil erosion in the
district by proper land use management.
Initiate the preparation of the district’s integrated land
use plan
Encourage lining of drainage channels
5.4
FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT.
The National Policy on Natural Resources Conservation and Development (National
Conservation Strategy Coordinating Agency, 1990) has focused on key environmental issues and
solution packages. It establishes the NCSA and its advisory body, the NCSA Board and proposes
environmental legislation to particularly make it easy to advocate for environmentally friendly
policies and programmes. The incorporation of an EIA on all development projects becomes an
integral part of development planning for which Kgatleng DDP6 is no exception.
A broad stakeholder involvement in the development plan process ensures a sense of ownership
for natural resources and hence spontaneous need for their conservation and protection.
46
5.5
EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL KEY ISSUES WITH SECTOR GOALS
AND OBJECTIVES
Table 5.2
Sector Goals, Objectives, Environmental Key Issues and Impacts
Goals
Objectives
Environmental Key
Issues
Impacts
1. Create conducive
environment
for
potential investors
To ensure availability
of serviced land
Land
Loss of vegetation
Loss of habitat
To improve and expand
physical infrastructure
To provide adequate
community/public
facilities
2. Development and
promotion of the
district’s
natural
resources
to
the
advantage of the
district and socioeconomic growth
To
identify
and
facilitate the use of
natural resources
Natural Resources
Over harvesting of
resources
3. Promotion of
livestock and arable
farming
Implementation
of
various
agricultural
policies
and
programmes
Land
Water
Pollution
Limited access to
land
High water demand
Displacement
of
people and wildlife
Pollution
of
underground water
4. To protect the
environment as well
as conserve natural
resources
To
designate
and
monitor extraction sites
for sand and gravel and
ensuring
mandatory
rehabilitation of those
sites
Land
Land Degradation
Soil Erosion
Disturbance to the
river flow
5. To reduce the
effects of soil erosion
in the district by
proper
land
use
management.
Initiate the preparation
of
the
district’s
integrated land use plan
Land
Land use conflicts
Encourage lining
drainage channels
of
Siltation
47
5.5.1
Evaluation of Sector Policies and Programmes
Table 5.3
Sector Goals, Objectives, Policies/Programs and Impacts
Goals
Objectives
Policies/Programs
Impacts
1.
Create
conducive
environment
for potential
investors
To ensure availability
of serviced land
National Settlement Policy
Rural Development Policy
Infrastructure
development in progress
To
improve
and
expand
physical
infrastructure
To provide adequate
community/public
facilities
2.
Development
and
promotion of
the district’s
natural
resources to
the advantage
of the district
and
socioeconomic
growth
To
identify
and
facilitate the use of
natural resources
National Conservation Policy
CBNRM Programme
Wildlife Act
Tourism Policy
Not much has been done
regarding this.
3. Promotion
of livestock
and
arable
farming
Implementation
of
various agricultural
policies
and
programmes
National
Agricultural
Development Policy
NAMPAADD
Fencing of ranches has
been
very
slow.
NAMPAADD is still at
consultation stages.
4. To protect
the
environment
as well as
conserve
natural
resources
To designate and
monitor
extraction
sites for sand and
gravel and ensuring
mandatory
rehabilitation of those
sites
National Conservation Policy
CBNRM Programme
Not much has been done
regarding this.
5. To reduce
the effects of
soil erosion in
the district by
proper
land
use
management.
Initiate
the
preparation of the
district’s integrated
land use plan
National Conservation Policy
District Land Use Plan
not yet in place, planned
for
DDP
6.
Only
settlement
plans
for
selected localities.
Encourage lining of
drainage channels
48
5.6
PROPOSED STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE LAND USE SECTOR GOALS FOR DDP6
Table 5.4
Proposed Projects, Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Goals
Objectives
Proposed Projects
Potential Impact
Mitigation Measures
1.
Create
conducive
environment for potential
investors
To ensure availability of serviced
land
Servicing of Pilane Industrial site
Development of the CBD
Loss of vegetation
Displacement of people
Soil erosion
Relocation of displaced
people and adequate
compensation
To improve and expand physical
infrastructure
Carry out EIA
To
provide
adequate
community/public facilities
2.
Development
and
promotion of the district’s
natural resources to the
advantage of the district and
socio-economic growth
To identify and facilitate the use of
natural resources
3. Promotion of livestock and
arable farming
Implementation
of
various
agricultural policies and programmes
Development of recreational park
Revival and support of existing community
based projects
Loss of some indigenous
vegetation species
Carrying out EIA
Land degradation
Demarcation of ranches
Demarcation of arable fields in line with
NAMPAADD
Displacement of people
Carry out EIA
Loss of communal rights to
harvesting and gathering
Relocation of displaced
people and adequate
compensation
4. To protect the environment
as well as conserve natural
resources
To designate and monitor extraction
sites for sand and gravel and ensuring
mandatory rehabilitation of those
sites
Designation of sites
Put in place some monitoring measures
Land Degradation
Soil Erosion
Disturbance to the river flow
5. To reduce the effects of soil
erosion in the district by
proper land use management.
Initiate the preparation of the
district’s integrated land use plan
Prepare the Integrated Land Use Plan
None
None
Production of Village Development Plans
Loss of vegetation
Siltation
Carrying out EIA
Regular cleaning up of
channels
Encourage
channels
lining
of
drainage
Construction of Storm Drainage
49
5.7
5.7.1
RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS AND PERFORMANCE TARGETS FOR DDP6:
Issues and Strengths
Land use policies and programs are already in place. This is a strength in itself. The district has
skilled personnel when it comes to land use, however it is worth noting that decentralization is
still not implemented as funds are still centralized at the ministries and it becomes difficult for the
district to plan. Another issue is the threat of HIV/AIDS on the manpower. The fact that policies
and legislations that deal with land use planning are administered from different departments
makes coordination difficult.
Table 5.5
Proposed, Performance Targets, Budget and Plan Monitoring
Proposed Projects
Performance Targets
Budget
Plan Monitoring
Servicing of Pilane
Industrial site
Industrial site serviced
by the end of the plan
period
P12m
Quarterly
progress
reports to all district
committees
Development of the
CBD
CBD Developed
Development
recreational park
of
Recreational
Developed
Pak
Revival and support
of existing community
based projects
Community
revived
projects
Demarcation
ranches
Ranches demarcated
of
Demarcation of arable
fields in line with
NAMPAADD
Arable
demarcated
Designation of sand
and gravel extraction
sites
Sites designated
P20m
P1 053 000
Quarterly
progress
reports to all district
committees
None
Quarterly
progress
reports to all district
committees
None
Quarterly
progress
reports to all district
committees
Quarterly
progress
reports to all district
committees
fields
Put in place some
monitoring measures
Measures put in place
Prepare the Integrated
Land Use Plan
Land
Use
prepared
Plan
P1m
Production of Village
Development Plans
Village Development
Plans Prepared
P1m
Construction of Storm
Water Drainage
Storm Water Drainage
Constructed
P3m
50
CHAPTER SIX
6
SETTLEMENT AND HOUSING
6.1
INTRODUCTION
The management, planning and development of settlements and housing is the responsibility of
various agencies in the district. However, the bulk of private housing is the responsibility of
individuals. Vision 2016 advocates for a Prosperous, Productive and Innovative Nation, the
district will continue to facilitate provision of housing to low income category household through
loans and technical expertise. This includes SHHA scheme in the district and Habitat housing
programme.
6.1.1
Institutional Framework
The Ministry of Lands, Housing and Environment is tasked with the overall responsibility of
settlement planning and housing delivery through its various machineries and departments. The
four local authorities are involved one way or another in the provision of housing. The upgrading
of settlements to village status is also a result of the recommendation from the four local
authorities.
6.1.2
Strategic Plans for Respective Ministries
Ministry of Lands, Housing and Environment
The Ministry aims at providing good and affordable housing to the public, it also strives to avail
land for residential expansion as well as taking care that the fertile land is not consumed at the
expense of agricultural production.
In pursuit of the aims of the ministry the district is implementing SHHA programme as well as
preparing settlement plans.
Ministry of Local Government
The Ministry is committed to the provision of effective and efficient service delivery to the
communities as well as ensuring the provision of basic infrastructure through its various
machineries in the district.
6.1.3
Settlement and Housing Consultation Priorities
These are derived from the comments made by communities in their respective villages
/settlements and of course from other stakeholders. The top priority for communities is the
replication of Self Help Housing Agency scheme to their villages. The delay in plot allocation by
the Landboard is also an issue as well as the poor roads in villages. Another priority was the
recognition of Mokatse and Khurutshe settlements as villages. Khurutshe is neither a village nor
a RAD settlement but apparently there is a RAD school with hostel and a Health Post.
The communities complained that the Artesia Subordinate Land Board refuses to allocate them
residential plots at Khurutshe, stating that Khurutshe is not a gazetted settlement. Subsequently
the Khurutshe community were not allowed to propose development projects for Khurutshe
because it is serviced from Kgomodiatshaba. The issue was brought to the attention of District
51
Leadership Committee and finally to the Full Council for discussion. Full Council resolved that
development growth should be restricted to retain Khurutshe as a settlement with just the school.
Mokatse
Mokatse residents want to be recognised as an independent settlement from Modipane despite the
fact that the two are contiguous. The Council considered that tribal authority had already
appointed a Chief Representative there who ranked the same as the one at Modipane. It
therefore resolved to recommend to the Ministry that Mokatse be granted recognised settlement
status.
In line with the National Settlement Policy (1998), the district has only one primary centre
(Mochudi), which is also the district headquarters. The rest fall within tertiary 2 and below. Most
services have accumulated in the headquarters with very little to other centres/settlements. The
issue of infrastructure and services is paramount in the district and it is therefore critical to follow
the National Settlement Policy to permit equity. However, during DDP 6, the district will
emphasise on spreading developments to other parts of the district.
6.2
6.2.1
NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION
National Settlement Policy 1998
The National Settlement Policy has been reviewed to meet the current challenges notably the fair
distribution of infrastructure provision based on a settlement’s size and potentials. The policy was
approved by parliament in August 1998. The overall goal of the policy is to provide a
comprehensive set of guidelines for national physical planning and to provide framework for
guiding the distribution of investment in a way that reflects the settlement’s size, population,
economic potential, level of infrastructure and its role as a service centre. One of the basic
features of the policy is the creation of a settlement hierarchy to facilitate growth of settlements
in support of agricultural production and other productive activities. This policy has helped the
district to plan appropriately for its settlements in terms of their hierarchical order.
6.2.2
Kgatleng District Settlement Strategy 1999 - 2023
The District Settlement Strategy spells out the objectives of the National Settlement Policy at
district level. The Kgatleng District Settlement Strategy runs for a twenty-four year period i.e.
from 1999-2023.The strategy’s overall goal is to guide local authorities in the location and
prioritisation of development opportunities in the district. It also facilitates the coordination of
national and sectoral policies at district level.
6.2.3
Physical Development Plans
6.2.3.1 South – Eastern Region Master Plan 2003-2027
This plan covers the districts of Kgatleng, Kweneng, Southern, South East and the two towns of
Jwaneng and Lobatse as well as the city of Gaborone. Like all the long term plans it covers a 24year from 2003-2027. The plan is basically intended to improve the living conditions of the
resident population. It is aimed at identifying the available resources in each and every
settlement / village; the carrying capacity therein and to see how best resources could be utilized
in each and every locality.
52
6.2.3.2 Integrated Land Use Plan
The district does not have an integrated land use plan to guide growth or development. There is
need therefore for the district to prepare it. A small section of the district has an integrated land
use plan, the Mmamashia Land Management Plan. This has helped to guide land uses in an area
of approximately 118.29 square kilometers.
6.2.3.3 Mochudi Planning Area (Development Plan) 1995 - 2015
The development plan also covers the surrounding villages of Rasesa, Pilane, Morwa and Bokaa.
The plan articulates the various land uses in this broad area for the next 20 years, though now
only 12 years remain for the plan to end as it was prepared in 1995. Mochudi Planning Area was
gazetted under the Town and Country Planning (Declaration of Planning Areas) Order of 18 th
April,1995 through statutory instrument no.27 of 1995.The plan is currently running beyond its
horizon, it is therefore imperative that it be reviewed.
6.2.3.4 Development Plan for the River Villages
A development plan is being prepared for the five villages of Malolwane, Ramonaka,
Mathubudukwane, Mabalane and Sikwane. These settlements do not have clear village
boundaries, the only thing that can help define their extent are their water works areas. The river
villages as they are called in the plan are located along the Limpopo river that borders the
Republic of South Africa and Botswana in the south-east of Kgatleng District. They have not
been declared planning areas. Their development plan stretches from 2002-2026.It is expected
that the plan would promote efficient land utilization and avoid sprawling uncoordinated village
growth.
6.2.3.5 Town and Country Planning Act 1977
The act makes provision for the orderly and progressive development of land, both in urban and
rural areas and to preserve and improve the amenities thereof for the grant of permission to
develop land and for other powers of control over the use of land; and for purposes ancillary or
connected with matters aforesaid. Although it is stated that it is applicable also in rural areas it is
currently used in declared planning areas. In the district it is applied to Mochudi Planning Area
which includes Bokaa,Morwa,Pilane,Rasesa &Mochudi. Permission for land development has to
be sought from the District Council. However, major developments; change of land uses are
referred to the Town and Country Planning Board for decision.
6.2.3.6 Tribal Land Act (Amendment 1993)
This act establishes the Land Boards and spells out their powers and duties. The Land Boards
grant both customary and common-law tenures to the public. It is worth mentioning that the act
no longer bars non-tribesmen from acquiring land in other tribal areas. The allocation is now
based on citizenship allowing every Motswana to settle at his/her place of choice. The greatest
problem is non-compliance with development covenants by plot allottees and the apparent
leniency by the Land Boards to enforce the act. All land in the District other than the strip along
the railway line is held under tribal land tenure system administered by the Kgatleng Land board.
6.2.3.7 National Housing Policy 2000
The National Policy on Housing reflects and responds to issues emerging as the population of the
country grows and becomes more urbanized. The goal of the policy is to facilitate the provision
53
of decent and affordable housing for all within a safe and sanitary environment. It aims at
improving the quality of housing in the rural areas by introducing a modified version of the selfhelp site and service scheme. The policy strives to shift emphasis of government from home
provision to facilitation in the settlements in partnership with other stakeholders and to promote
housing as an instrument of economic empowerment and poverty alleviation. The SHHA scheme
has been introduced in Mochudi Planning Area since November 2001. It is hoped that the
scheme will greatly assist in home development in the district.
6.2.3.8 Institutional Housing
This housing is provided for both officers of central and local government with funds from the
Ministry of Lands, Housing and Environment. However there are other ministries/departments
that provide housing to their district based officers, like Ministry of Education, Police, Prisons, to
mention but a few. Parastatals and other organizations also provide this housing to their
employees. Although the intention is to house each and every employee, some people still share
houses, others have to rent out accommodation from private developers. This has a bearing on
their social welfare.
6.2.3.9 Self Help Housing Agency
The scheme took effect in the District in November, 2001. The intention or purpose of the
scheme is to assist low and middle income families to build or improve their houses (homes).
Assistance (loan) is given to individuals earning between P4400 and P36400 per annum as well
as to self employed people (Farmers & Business people) of the same income range. The
assistance is in the form of materials and payment of labour. No hard cash is given to individuals.
From April 2002 to March 2003 the programme received 124 applications from the planning
area. The main problems facing the scheme are the centralized funds at the Ministry of Lands,
Housing and Environment and the skeletal staff employed in this department. It is envisaged that
the programme will extend to other villages during DDP6.
6.2.3.10
Rural Housing
This is individual effort by villagers in providing for their shelter. Due to a variety of problems
and circumstances the majority of people in the rural areas cannot access finance from lending
institutions to start up their own houses. The recently introduced Self Help Housing Agency
scheme in the rural areas will go a long way in addressing poor housing in the district. The
National Rural Sanitation Programme has also impacted in rural housing by ensuring that a
sizeable number of households have an on site sewage disposal facility.
6.3
6.3.1
SETTLEMENT AND HOUSING
Settlement Patterns and Geomorphology
Settlements in the district can be defined as compact and random. Each settlement established
itself according to resource availability; some especially the headquarters were located according
to defensive positions. There are those that aligned themselves along the Marico river. The
geomorphology of the district is varied, consisting of resistant sedimentary and volcanic rocks to
the south and west and the sand veldt made of Kalahari sands.
54
6.3.2
Physical Development Growth
Most settlements grow spontaneously without any form of control and direction. The settlements
grow according to availability of services. In locations where there are difficult conditions such
as rock outcrops; sand and gullied ground these would be avoided. Therefore development
growth of villages is not limited to any direction in particular. The only area of growth control is
the Mochudi Planning Area where detailed layout plans are prepared thereby guiding
developments and consequently growth directions for development. Currently a study is being
undertaken in the villages of Malolwane;Ramonaka;Mathubudukwane;Mabalane and Sikwane so
as to guide their future growth.
6.3.3
Housing Demand
The demand for housing in the district especially in those villages around Gaborone have
increased significantly in the past years. The freedom to settle anywhere by citizens has also
contributed to this increase.
The demand for services, amenities and resources in the district has tremendously increased
within the past 7 years because of migration to the district from other Gaborone and within the
district. There are a number of factors that have aggravated this situation. Among these are
policies like the Financial Assistance Policy (FAP), the Small Micro Medium Enterprises
(SMME), and now CEDA. These have attracted to a great extent economic development to the
entire District hence the demand for services and resources. Another major factor is the
declaration of Mochudi together with four other immediate settlements of Pilane, Rasesa, Morwa
and Bokaa as a planning area in 1995. This opened up wider investment opportunities to the
whole District but with the main focus on Mochudi village. As a result there has been rapid
economic developments particularly in the Mochudi Planning Area. However, these
developments require provision of not only commercial or industrial plots, but to a great extent
they require land for residential development.
The demand therefore, for residential plots as well as the demand for social services provision
has increased.
6.3.4
Housing Supply
The provision of housing is mostly done by individuals through their own financing or loans
from financial institutions. A certain portion of housing supply is done by government
institutions and parastatals as well as private companies.
In terms of provision of services, amenities and resources all responsible government agents play
very important roles. Kgatleng District has made provision for about 210 housing units for the
District. These are estimated at P 62 750 000 (Sixty Two Million, Seven Hundred and Fifty
Thousand Pula).
These units will be distributed to various settlements of the District in accordance with the
National Settlement Policy and the National Policy on Housing whose goal is to facilitate the
provision of decent and affordable housing for all within a safe and Sanitary Environment.
Private individuals in Kgatleng District will benefit from the newly introduced Self-Help
Housing Agency programme (SHHA) whose main goal is to facilitate the provision of affordable
housing to low-income households.
55
6.3.5
General Infrastructure and Services
Infrastructure development is fair to good in the entire district The Mochudi Phase II
infrastructure development is currently underway, this includes street lighting; upgrading 17
kilometres of roads to bitumen standard and the provision of storm-water drains. Another
development in Mochudi is the provision of sewer lines, this would go a long way in improving
sanitation in the village and also reduce the chances of underground water contamination. The
provision of most services covers the whole district.
6.4
SETTLEMENT AND HOUSING SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
Table 6.1
Sector goals and Objectives
Goal
Objective
Settlement
To provide detailed layout plans to direct village
growth and improve infrastructure provision
To guide village growth
To prepare village development plans so as to
improve land utilisation
To zone land for various uses
Housing
To provide affordable and durable housing to the
communities in the district.
To decentralize SHHA scheme to other villages.
To devolve SHHA scheme to the rest of the
district so that all benefit from it.
To decentralize SHHA to other villages.
To reduce sharing of accommodation by public
officers so as to improve their social welfare.
To provide adequate housing to public servants
To strive to provide infrastructure in residential
areas to improve services.
To improve the social welfare of communities.
56
6.5
FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
6.5.1
Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives
Table 6.2
Goals, Objectives Environmental Key Issues and Impact
Goal
Objective
Key Environmental Issues
Impact
To provide detailed layout plans to
direct village growth and improve
infrastructure provision
To guide village growth
Land requirement
Orderly development
To prepare village development plans
so as to improve land utilisation
To zone land for various uses
Land requirement
Efficient use of land
To provide affordable and durable
housing to the communities in the rest
of the district.
To decentralize SHHA scheme to
other villages.
Pressure on Land
Water supply
Pressure on Land Demand
Loss of Vegetation
Land degradation
Pressure on water demand
To reduce sharing of accommodation
by public officers so as to improve
their social welfare.
To provide adequate housing to public
servants
Increased demand for land
Water Supply
Pollution
and
Waste
Management
Pressure on land and water
demand
Underground water pollution
To strive to provide infrastructure in
residential areas to improve services.
To improve the social welfare of
communities.
Increase demand for land
Water supply
Loss of vegetation
Pressure on land and water
demand
Settlement
Housing
57
6.5.2
Evaluation of Sector Policies and Programmes
Table 6.3
Goals, Objectives, Policies/Programmes and Impacts
Goal
Objective
Policies/Programmes
Impacts
To provide detailed layout plans to
direct village growth and improve
infrastructure provision
To guide village growth
National Settlement Policy
Kgatleng District Settlement
Strategy
Town and Country Planning Act
The preparation of the layout plans have helped in
orderly village growth
To prepare village development plans
so as to improve land utilisation
To zone land for various
uses
National Settlement Policy
Kgatleng District Settlement
Strategy
Town and Country Planning Act
The preparation of the layout plans have helped in
orderly village growth
To decentralize SHHA
scheme to other villages.
National Housing Policy
SHHA Programme
The uptake of the SHHA programme where it is
implemented in the district has proved successful, so
it will be replicated in the rest of the district.
Settlement
Housing
To provide affordable and durable
housing to the communities in the rest
of the district.
Better Housing for the communities
To reduce sharing of accommodation
by public officers so as to improve
their social welfare.
To provide adequate
housing
to
public
servants
National Housing Policy
District
and
Institutional
Housing
Institutional and district housing in the district has not
really improved that much in the district because of
lack funds. But with the arrangement that council has
taken over the implementation of the District
Housing Programme, the situation is improving.
To strive to provide infrastructure in
residential areas to improve services.
To improve the social
welfare of communities.
National Settlement Policy
Kgatleng District Settlement
Strategy
There has been an improvement in the provision of
infrastructure in the district. It is the intension of the
district to continue providing these during DDP 6.
58
6.6
STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE SETTLEMENT AND HOUSING GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
Table 6.4
Proposed Projects, Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Goal
Objective
Proposed Project
Potential Impacts
Mitigation
measures
To provide detailed layout plans to direct
village growth and improve infrastructure
provision
To guide village growth
Preparation layout plans
None
N/A
To prepare village development plans so as to
improve land utilisation
To zone land for various
uses
Preparation
Development
Villages
None
N/A
Settlement
of
Plans
for
Village
River
Review of Mochudi Planning Area
Development Plan
Housing
To provide affordable and durable housing to
the communities in the rest of the district.
To decentralize SHHA
scheme to other villages.
Replication
of
the
SHHA
programme in other parts of the
district
Vegetation loss
Soil Erosion
Land Degradation
SEA
To reduce sharing of accommodation by
public officers so as to improve their social
welfare.
To
provide
adequate
housing to public servants
Construction
District
Institutional Housing
and
Vegetation loss
Soil Erosion
Land Degradation
Carry
EIA
out
To strive to provide infrastructure
residential areas to improve services.
To improve the social
welfare of communities.
Provision
infrastructure
Physical
Vegetation loss
Soil Erosion
Land Degradation
Carry
EIA
out
in
of
59
6.7
6.7.1
RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR DDP 6
Issues and Strengths
The SHHA programme has contracted in the Mochudi planning area. There is pressure to
replicate it in all other parts of the district and it is the intension of the district to replicate it.
The district has skilled manpower to produce detailed layout plans on time. This in itself is a
strength. Shortage of funds for district housing is an issue to the district especially that there
were backlogs from the previous plans that still needs to be cleared.
6.7.2
Performance Targets, Budget and Plan Monitoring
Table 6.5
Proposed Projects, Performance Targets, Budget and Plan Monitoring
Proposed Projects
Performance Targets
Budget
Plan Monitoring
Preparation of layout
plans
Layout Plans prepared
within
stipulated
period
Not Available
Quarterly
progress
reports prepared and
presented to various
district committees
Preparation of Village
Development
Plans
for River Villages
Village Development
Plans prepared within
stipulated period
P1m
Quarterly
progress
reports prepared and
presented to various
district committees
Review of Mochudi
Planning
Area
Development Plan
Mochudi
Planning
Area
Development
Plan Reviewed
P600 000
Replication of the
SHHA programme in
other parts of the
district
SHHA
Programme
Replicated in the
entire district
P6m
(Building
material loan)
Quarterly
progress
reports prepared and
presented to various
district committees
Construction District
and
Institutional
Housing
Institutional
Constructed
Houses
Not Available
District
Constructed
Houses
Quarterly
progress
reports prepared and
presented to various
district committees
P38 503 000
Provision of Physical
infrastructure
Physical Infrastructure
Developed
P148 386 000
Quarterly
progress
reports prepared and
presented to various
district committees
60
CHAPTER SEVEN
7
AGRICULTURE
7.1
INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses agricultural sector and its contribution to the welfare of majority of
people in the Kgatleng district. This chapter covers two sub sectors namely: crop production
and forestry, and animal health and production. Agriculture as a sector is not only responsible
for ensuring food security but also plays a role in provision of income, employment creation
as well as investment opportunities in the district.
In line with the theme for Vision 2016, which calls for a sustainable and diversified economy
through competitiveness in global markets, Kgatleng District will strive to be a prosperous,
productive and innovative society in the field of agricultural production. A combination of its
comparative advantage of close proximity to urban markets and good soils along the Notwane
and Madikwe rivers will be the driving force leading to the realization of the district’s
aspirations.
7.1.1
Institutional Framework
In the district, the Ministry is represented by the following Departments and Divisions:
i.
Department of Crops Production and Forestry
Within the Department of Crop Production and Forestry, delivery of extension services in
land use planning, soil conservation, forestry and range ecology is geared towards the
sustainable use of the natural resources to ensure that soil erosion, deforestation,
desertification and gully formation is minimised.
ii.
Department of Animal Health and Production
The Department of Veterinary Services has sections responsible for disease control and
animal production with their roles being prevention of livestock diseases and improvement in
the quality of livestock
iii.
Department of Cooperatives
The Department offers business advisory services and information to the public.
Through these Departments and Divisions, the district will develop on a sustainable and
competitive basis the agricultural sector by improving farm incomes, generating employment
opportunities and raw materials for agri-business; conserving agricultural natural resources
through the promotion and adoption of appropriate technologies and management practices.
7.1.2
Strategic Plans for Respective Ministries
Ministry of Agriculture
The strategic foundations of this Ministry are its vision, mission and values. These were
developed as follows

Promotion of agricultural productivity through an effective and efficient service
delivery system and training.
61





To enhance customer, stakeholder participation through regular consultation and
feedback.
To achieve sector competitiveness and sustainability by guaranteeing quality
standards.
To improve sectoral competitiveness by introducing efficient production and
management practices.
To develop human resources.
To review and formulate appropriate policies through consultations with
stakeholders.
Ministry of Trade, Industry, Wildlife and Tourism
The vision for the Ministry is to have a society, that is vibrant, self-sustaining and a
diversified economy. It will promote the use of technology product research, resources
development and diversification. It will promote meaningful participation of Batswana in the
economic life of their country by facilitating the acquisition of technical and other valid skills
they need to get into business and remain in business. It will create a conducive environment
for business, protect consumer rights and manage wildlife resources to meet local and global
challenges.
The natural resources for wildlife population and habitat and their sustainable utilization have
a direct bearing on the agricultural resources. The preparation of Kgatleng District
Development Plan 6 takes into consideration the fact that livestock industry will not be
affected by the conflict between livestock and wildlife for the scarce grazing resources or the
threat of food and mouth disease from within the district. The wildlife species found in the
district are said to be livestock tolerant hence co-exist.
Geared towards diversifying the economy the Ministry will create conservation awareness
that will increase sensitivity to wildlife issues and lead to attitudinal change in support of
wildlife conservation to ensure that healthy populations are maintained consistently. This
will promote tourism locally and diversify the economy.
Ministry of Lands and Housing and Environment
The strategic plan key results area for the Ministry states that land allocation criteria will take
into consideration land use efficiency and equitable distribution of land. The Ministry seeks to
develop Land Board to enable them to effectively allocate and manage tribal land. The
Ministry of Agriculture acts as a facilitator in management and development of land, therefore
agricultural resources depend much on the land management which the MLHE has the
statutory powers of the land resources in Botswana. Good land management and coordination
will be crucial for achieving agricultural outputs for DDP 6 in the Kgatleng district.
7.1.3
The Role of the Private Sector
Horticultural, dairy, beef production, poultry, and other agricultural activities in the District
are mostly undertaken by private individuals, some of whom were funded through the FAP.
These activities provide food to the communities in the District.
Agriculture Sector Consultation Priorities
The communities are concerned about lack of employment opportunities due to the fact that
the performance of arable agriculture sector has been declining throughout the years, which is
mainly due to persistent drought.
62
7.2
7.2.1
NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION
Community Based Strategy for Rural Development 1997
The Community Based Strategy for Rural Development was approved by the Rural
Development Council in 1997. Its main aim is to improve rural livelihoods and reduce
poverty in a more effective and sustainable way and consequently reduce dependence on
government. Through the strategy communities are mobilised and encouraged to initiate and
run projects of their own, thus creating opportunities for the inclusion of communities in
management decisions.
7.2.2
District Settlement Strategy
This relates to the provision of portable water, power, telecommunications and roads to the
lands areas. It also involves the conservation of scarce agricultural resources for future
generations consistent with the broader Agricultural Strategy.
7.2.3
Convention on Combating Desertification 1992
Regarding conservation of agricultural resources, emphasis will be laid on capacity building
and limited land rehabilitation program. A National Action Program (NAP) for Botswana
which is a framework to combat desertification was produced under United Nations
convention to Combat Desertification. Kgatleng district has no problem of desertification.
7.2.4
The National Forest Policy
The forests and woodland of the country represent an important natural resources in terms of
providing the majority of rural population with a wide range of benefits entailing supply of
wood for energy, construction, building and craft, the supply of non-wood forest products
such as honey, bee wax, fruits, medicine, fodder and habitat for wildlife and livestock and
maintaining the environmental balance. Due to severe pressure from over exploitation and
drought and fire the biggest challenge is to foster sustainable utilization of these resources to
ensure a continuous flow of goods and services from these forests without irreversibly
damaging their capacity to recover.
A new National Forest Policy providing an enabling framework for achieving conservation,
sustainable management and development of forestry has been initiated. Its objective is to
ensure an enhanced forestry activities to all sectors of the population now and in the future.
All the Strategies and programmes for DDP 6 shall be pursued in accordance with the New
Forest policy.
7.2.5
National Policy on Agricultural Development 1991
This is a 1991 MOA policy that was designed to improve agricultural production. The
fencing component of the Policy has an impact on the existing land resources as it lead to a
major shift from communal grazing to commercial livestock rearing although in most
potential areas development is still for below the expectations. Most potential farmers seem
not to be ready to go into commercial ranching as their main concern is the size of the
proposed ranches and not so much the management aspect of it. There is that latent fear that
the policy might not achieve its intended aims of improving the livestock subsector and
sustainable use of the grazing resources.
7.2.6
Tribal Land Act 1968
This is a statutory legislation that provides the Land Board with authority to allocate
communal land for various purposes including arable and pastoral farming. Some of the
63
communal grazing and arable farms are used on leasehold basis such as the Tribal Land
Grazing Policy. The National Master Plan for Arable Agriculture and Dairy Development is
aimed at improving production in the land is suitable and is also allocated for agricultural
purposes.
7.2.7
Agricultural Resource Act
Its main aim is to ensure that natural resources are used on a sustainable basis with stock
limitations on appropriate carrying capacity. It calls for public awareness on the danger of
over-harvesting of veldt products, borrow material without rehabilitation, veldt fire and use of
environmentally friendly technologies. It calls for the use of coal and other form of energy as
opposed to cutting life trees.
7.2.8
Botswana Rangeland Inventory and Management Project (BRIMP)
Botswana Rangeland Inventory and Management Project relates to the quarterly progress
reports that are normally issued by the Range Ecology section of the MOA. It provides date
on the status and condition of vegetation per district as well as the monthly and seasonal
variation of rainfall amounts. This piece of information is very important in that it provides
decision makers with guidelines on the coming growing season for agricultural purposes. The
rainfall data indicates the availability of moisture for arable farming and the possibility of
vegetation (grazing resources) improving.
7.2.9
National Policy on Land Tenure
The policy seeks to vigorously enforce conservation acts in all grazing areas including
communal areas, commercial grazing areas and state and freehold areas.
7.3
AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ACTIVITIES.
The agricultural sector activities in the district are crop sub sector and Livestock sub sector
and Co-operative sub sector.
7.3.1
Crops sub sector
7.3.1.1 Rain-fed Agriculture
This sector is dominated by small farmers with inadequate drought power, poor technology
and inadequate funds hence low yields. In an effort to address these issues Arable Land
Development Programme (ALDEP) was introduced to improve income level, and food
security in rural areas through subsidized inputs. However this programme was suspended
during DDP 5 pending evaluation. Kgatleng District is one of the targeted districts under
NAMPAAD, and has found out that rain-fed crop production is economically viable provided
farmers are empowered and provided with skills to shift from subsistence to commercial
farming. This means using modern means of production and this require funds and at least
150 ha of land owned by an individual or groups.
7.3.1.2 Irrigated Agriculture (horticulture)
Irrigated agriculture has been identified as a priority area for diversification of agricultural
production base. It is concerned mainly with horticultural or vegetable production on basis of
soil suitability, availability of water, production parameters and marketing aspects. This is
part and parcel of the projects in DDP 6 that will be given first priority in Kgatleng District.
64
7.3.2
Livestock sub sector
7.3.2.1 Dairy Farming
Being close to a good market for milk products, Gaborone, Kgatleng will benefit from
government effort to develop the dairy industry. The Ministry of Agriculture will take an
active part by, providing the necessary infrastructure and identifying suitable land for
irrigation of fodder products.
Although the Central Governments extensions are known in dairy, irrigated and rain-fed
agriculture, data that is available to support these statements (district allocation) are not
available at district but only at national level. This makes it difficult to know how much
funds are earmarked for Kgatleng District for NDP9/DDP6.
7.3.2.2 Beef Production
This is the sector that seems to be doing well in the district despite persistent drought. It is
implemented through Department of Animal Health and Production based in Mochudi with
extension officers in some parts of the district. The Department has come up with initiative to
improve production and marketing through implementation of fencing component of New
Agricultural Development Policy and livestock identification and trace-back system
respectively.
7.3.3
Cooperatives sub sector
Department of Cooperative is responsible for registration of cooperative societies and
ensuring compliance with Cooperatives Act, encouraging formation of cooperatives societies,
assisting in efficient running of cooperatives societies through provision of business advice
and provision of human resources development to cooperatives movements. Cooperatives
create employment for rural areas where they operate.
7.4
AGRICULTURAL SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
Table 7.1
Sector Goals and Objectives
Goals
Objectives
Conservation of agricultural resources
To combat effect of land degradation.
Improvement in food security at the household and
national level
To diversify the agricultural production base.
To enhance technology transfer through development and
delivery of appropriate extension messages.
To develop appropriate extension services
To maintain a healthy head by preventing and controlling
livestock diseases
To maintain surveillance of diseases of economic
importance such as foot and mouth disease, mad cow
diseases and Newcastle diseases in Kgatleng district
throughout plan period.
To construct and renovate disease control infrastructure such
as crushes.
To control measures diseases in all cattle in Kgatleng district
To encourage cooperative development
To provide business advisory services.
65
7.5
7.5.1
FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives
Table 7.2
Sector Goals, Objectives, Environmental Key Issues and Impacts
Goals
Objectives
Environmental
Key Issues
Impacts
1.Conservation of agricultural
resources
To combat effect of land
degradation.
Land
management,
Natural
utilization
None
2. Improvement in food
security at the household and
national level
To
diversify
the
agricultural
production
base.
Land
management,
Natural
utilization
Water supply
Over usage of
natural
resources, land
degradation,
water pollution
3. To enhance technology
transfer through development
and delivery of appropriate
extension messages.
To develop appropriate
extension services
Land
management,
Natural
utilization
Water supply
Over usage of
natural
resources, land
degradation,
water pollution
4. To maintain a healthy head
by preventing and controlling
livestock diseases
To maintain surveillance
of diseases of economic
importance such as foot
and mouth disease, mad
cow
diseases
and
Newcastle diseases in
Kgatleng
district
throughout plan period.
None
N/A
Land,
natural
resource
utilization
Land
degradation,
over usage of
natural
resources
To construct and renovate
disease
control
infrastructure such as
crushes.
To control major diseases
in all cattle in Kgatleng
district
5. To encourage cooperative
development
To provide business
advisory services.
Pollution
and
waste
management
Littering
None
Not applicable
66
7.5.2
Evaluation of Sector Polices and Programs
Table 7.3
Sector Goals, Objectives, Policies/Programmes and Impacts
Goals
Objectives
Sector
Policies/Program
Impacts
of
To combat effect of
land degradation.
Agricultural
Resources
Act,
Fencing component
of
New
Agricultural
Development
Policy
Fair to good in terms
of implementation.
2. Improvement in food
security at the household
and national level
To
diversify
the
agricultural production
base.
New Agricultural
Development
Policy,
Fair to good in terms
of implementation.
3. To enhance technology
transfer
through
development and delivery
of appropriate extension
messages.
To
develop
appropriate extension
services
New Agricultural
Development
Policy
Fair to good, small
agricultural holdings
have been allocated
and
NAMPAADD
have identified the
district as priority
area.
4. To maintain a healthy
head by preventing and
controlling
livestock
diseases
To
maintain
surveillance
of
diseases of economic
importance such as
foot
and
mouth
disease, mad cow
diseases
and
Newcastle diseases in
Kgatleng
district
throughout
plan
period.
To
construct
and
renovate
disease
control infrastructure
such as crushes.
New Agricultural
Development
Policy
The Department has
been conducting this
surveillance
New Agricultural
Development
Policy
Crushes have been
constructed
and
maintained
during
DDP 5.
1.Conservation
agricultural resources
New Agricultural
Development
Policy
The Department has
been conducting this
surveillance
To control major
diseases in all cattle in
Kgatleng district
5.
To
encourage
cooperative development
To provide business
advisory services.
New Agricultural
Development
Policy
This is the core
business
of
the
Department and will
continue to be done.
67
7.6
STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR GOALS AND
OBJECTIVES
Table 7.4
Proposed Projects, Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Goals
Objectives
Proposed
Projects
Potential
Impacts
Mitigation
measures
1.Conservation
of
agricultural resources
To combat effect of land
degradation.
To rehabilitate 7
dams
None
NA
Revive three 4B
agro
forestry
projects
Pressure
on
Water supply
Conserve
water usage
2. Improvement in
food security at the
household
and
national level
To
diversify
the
agricultural production
base.
Facilitate
establishment of
Poultry, piggery,
dairy, horticulture
and cash crops
projects
Pressure on land,
pressure
on
water supply and
over exploitation
of
natural
resources
EIA
3.
To
enhance
technology transfer
through development
and
delivery
of
appropriate extension
messages.
To develop appropriate
extension services
To conduct farm
walk, conduct 48
crop
demonstration
Pressure on land,
pressure
on
water supply and
over exploitation
of
natural
resources
SEA
None
None
Land
degradation
SEA
None
None
To promote crop
husbandry
practices
Facilitate
12
show/work camps
4. To maintain a
healthy
head
by
preventing
and
controlling livestock
diseases
To
maintain
surveillance of diseases
of economic importance
such as foot and mouth
disease,
mad
cow
diseases and Newcastle
diseases in Kgatleng
district throughout plan
period.
To
construct
and
renovate disease control
infrastructure such as
crushes.
Carry out disease
investigation
Construction
renovation
crushes
and
of
Carry out disease
investigation
To
control
major
diseases in all cattle in
Kgatleng district
5. To encourage
cooperative
development
To provide business
advisory services.
To
provide
business advisory
services.
68
7.7
RESOURCE REQUIREMENT FOR DDP 6
Table 7.5
Proposed Projects, Performance Targets, Budget and Plan Monitoring
Goals
Objectives
Proposed Projects
Performance
target
Budget
Plan
monitoring
1.Conservation
of
agricultural resources
To combat effect of
land degradation.
To rehabilitate 7
dams
7
dams
rehabilitated
Not
available
Progress
reports
Revive three 4B
agro
forestry
projects
Three 4B agro
forestry
projects revived
Not
available
Progress
reports
2. Improvement in
food security at the
household
and
national level
To diversify the
agricultural
production base.
Facilitate
establishment of
Poultry, piggery,
dairy, horticulture
and cash crops
projects
Establishment
of
Poultry,
piggery, dairy,
horticulture and
cash
crops
projects
Not
available
Progress
reports
3.
To
enhance
technology transfer
through development
and
delivery
of
appropriate extension
messages.
To
develop
appropriate
extension services
To conduct farm
walk, conduct 48
crop demonstration
Farm
walk
conducted, 48
crop
demonstration
conducted
Not
available
Progress
reports
Not
available
Progress
reports
Not
available
Progress
reports
Not
available
Progress
reports
Not
available
Progress
reports
Not
available
Progress
reports
Not
available
Progress
reports
To promote crop
husbandry
practices
Facilitate
12
show/work camps
4. To maintain a
healthy
head
by
preventing
and
controlling livestock
diseases
To
maintain
surveillance
of
diseases of economic
importance such as
foot
and
mouth
disease, mad cow
diseases
and
Newcastle diseases
in Kgatleng district
throughout
plan
period.
To construct and
renovate
disease
control infrastructure
such as crushes.
Carry out disease
investigation
Construction
renovation
crushes
and
of
Carry
vaccination
out
To provide business
advisory services.
12 show/work
camps
facilitated
Disease
investigation
carried out
Crushes
constructed and
renovated
Vaccination
carried out
To control major
diseases in all cattle
in Kgatleng district
5. To encourage
cooperative
development
Crop husbandry
promoted
To
business
services.
provide
advisory
Business
advisory
services
provided
69
CHAPTER EIGHT
8
TRADE, INDUSTRY, WILDLIFE AND TOURISM
8.1
INTRODUCTION
The Trade, Industry, Wildlife and Tourism sector is committed to the realization of the
Vision 2016 aspiration of Building a Prosperous, Productive and Innovative Nation by
facilitating the promotion and attraction of both domestic and foreign investment in the
industrial and commercial sectors so as to achieve sustainable and diversified
development. It is also charged with the responsibility to ensure sustainable
development of Botswana Wildlife and Tourism sectors, which have the potential to
contribute to the growth and diversification of the economy, which, in the long run will
generate sustained socio-economic benefits to the nation. At the district level, the
Ministry is represented by the departments of Industrial Affairs, Wildlife and National
Park and Tourism.
8.1.1
Institutional Framework
8.1.1.1 Industrial Affairs
The department, through its division of Integrated Field Services, is responsible for promoting
industrial development through provision of business skills to both existing and aspiring
entrepreneurs in the district.
8.1.1.2 Wildlife and National Parks
The department will continue involving local communities in the management of the wildlife
resources in the district for the latter to derive direct benefits from them. The department is
also committed to developing partnerships with the local communities, for future conservation
of the wildlife resource.
8.1.1.3 Tourism
The department is charged with the mandate of maximising the sustainable utilisation of the
district’s tourism resources for the benefit of local communities. It is also responsible for the
promotion and marketing of tourism and for the formulation and implementation of tourism
policies and programmes.
8.1.2
Strategic Plans for Respective Ministries
Ministry of Trade, Wildlife and Tourism
The Ministry’s goal is to establish and maintain conducive environment for diversified
sustainable economic activities.
CEDA
Its aim is to ensure development of viable, sustainable citizen-owned business enterprises that
are able to able to add value to the economy.
Ministry of Finance and Development Planning
To ensure efficient and sound economic development.
70
Ministry of Local Government
This Ministry through the District Councils spearheads the development of this sector through
the provision of infrastructure services to both commercial and industrial areas. The Council
is also responsible for preparing layouts for both commercial and Industrial purposes.
Ministry of Lands and Housing
The Ministry will create a conducive environment for investors through the preparation of
Integrated Land Use Plans to facilitate better land allocation and management. In addition, it
provides long-range guidance to the district and village level development planning and
implementation through the National Settlement Policy and the District Settlement Strategy.
8.1.3
Role of the Private Sector
The private sector will continue to establish small manufacturing and commercial enterprises
to boost the district’s industrial development, and take advantage of district’s proximity to the
larger market in Gaborone. Individuals and private companies are also expected to engage in
game ranching activities, though at a small scale, since the district has very few wildlife
species. The involvement of the private sector, as well as individuals in these activities is
expected to drive the realisation of NDP9 theme, which is “Towards Realisation of Vision
2016”: Sustainable and Diversified Development through competitiveness in Global
Markets”.
8.1.4
Consultation Priorities
Communities raised a concern that there is lack of employment opportunities in rural areas
due to the fact that the main source of livelihood, which is agriculture, has experienced a
dramatic decline in the past, mainly due to persistent drought. It also emerged that some
individuals and groups have been granted FAP and CEDA funds but there is insignificant
progress made because of the following factors: 

Lack of entrepreneurial skills because of the cost sharing practice.
Lack of markets and lack of diversification of projects undertaken since most FAP
recipients concentrated on the same type of projects such as sewing, welding and
brick moulding.
They therefore called for intensive training of entrepreneurs in both business management and
marketing skills to sustain these projects.
8.2
8.2.1
NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION
Tribal Land Act
This Act is administered by the Land Board and gives guidance in allocation of land for
various purposes, including land for commercial and industrial purposes.
8.2.2
CEDA 2001
The Citizen Entrepreneur Development Agency (CEDA) was established in 2001 to replace
the Financial Assistance Policy. This was after the findings of the review on the latter policy
that the programme (FAP) was no longer effective in achieving its objective of promoting
sustainable employment creation. CEDA was therefore introduced to give out loans and
provide mentoring to citizen owned projects in all sectors of the economy.
71
In order to promote industrial and commercial development, communities will be mobilized
to utilize CEDA loans and venture into income generating activities, to boost the ailing rural
economies, by providing the much needed employment and income.
8.2.3
Tourism Policy 1990
During DDP 6 tourism development in the district will be guided by the Tourism Policy of
1990, as well as the Tourism Master Plan. The Eco-Tourism Strategy will also go a long way
in providing guidance to communities to enable them to utilize the rich cultural heritage of
Bakgatla by establishing eco-tourism projects that will not only benefit them financially but
will also help communities to preserve them for future generations.
8.3
TRADE, INDUSTRY, WILDLIFE AND TOURISM SECTOR GOALS AND
OBJECTIVES
Table 8.1
Sector Goals and Objectives
Department of Tourism
Goals
Objectives
To develop and promote the district’s natural and tourism
resources and commercially exploit them on sustainable
basis
To mobilize communities to come up with employment
creation opportunities in the tourism sector
To sensitise communities and the public at large on the
importance of tourism
To encourage communities in the district to invest in
tourism development
Department of Industrial Affairs
Goals
Objectives
To promote industrial development by training
entrepreneurs in various skills and provision of business
advice
To train entrepreneurs various business skills and
management
Department of Wildlife
Goals
Objectives
To manage species-specific off-take to fall within
biological sustainable quota
To reduce over hunting due to abuse of licenses
throughout the plan period
To reduce the killing of problem animals
To reduce poaching level by the end of the plan period.
To educate general public on the importance of wildlife
To promote awareness on the importance of wildlife
To facilitate the start of wildlife projects in schools
To develop guidelines for the conservation of species of
concern
To come up with an inventory of wildlife species in the
district
To develop management strategies for species of concern
throughout the plan period
To engage community in the sustainable utilization of
wildlife resources
To mobilize communities to engage in Community Based
Natural Resources Management
To conduct appropriate training for communities in
financial management skills and business ethics
To put in place a fully operational CBNRM coordinating
mechanism
8.4
FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
The most direct link between environment and this sector is the Wildlife and tourism, and
industrial activities. However, the forthcoming E1A legislation will address environmental
impacts of these activities.
72
8.4.1
Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives
Table 8.2
Goals, Objectives, Environmental Key Issues and Impacts
Department of Tourism
Goals
Objectives
Environmental
Issues
Key
To develop and promote
the district’s natural and
tourism resources and
commercially
exploit
them on sustainable basis
To mobilize communities to come up with
employment creation opportunities in the tourism
sector
Land
Natural Resources
To sensitise communities
and the public at large on
the importance of tourism
To encourage communities in the district to invest in
tourism development
Impacts
Over exploitation
of
natural
resources
Land degradation
Natural Resource
None
Department of Industrial Affairs
Goals
Objectives
Environmental
Issues
To promote industrial
development by training
entrepreneurs in various
skills and provision of
business advice
To train entrepreneurs various business skills and
management
Land
Water supply
Pollution and
Management
Key
Impacts
Effective
entrepreneurship
Waste
Department of Wildlife
Goals
Objectives
Environmental
Issues
To manage speciesspecific off-take to fall
within
biological
sustainable quota
To reduce over hunting due to abuse of licenses
throughout the plan period
Land Management
To reduce the killing of problem animals
Natural
Utilisation
Key
Impacts
Biological
Conservation
Resource
To reduce poaching level by the end of the plan
period.
To educate general public
on the importance of
wildlife
To promote awareness on the importance of wildlife
To develop guidelines for
the
conservation
of
species of concern
To come up with an inventory of wildlife species in
the district
Natural Resource
Educated
community
Natural Resource
Conservation of
species
Land
Natural Resources
Over exploitation
of
natural
resources
To facilitate the start of wildlife projects in schools
To develop management strategies for species of
concern throughout the plan period
To engage community in
the sustainable utilization
of wildlife resources
To mobilize communities to engage in Community
Based Natural Resources Management
To conduct appropriate training for communities in
financial management skills and business ethics
Land degradation
To put in place a fully operational CBNRM
coordinating mechanism
73
8.4.2
Evaluation of Sector Policies and Programmes
Table 8.3
Goals, Objectives, Policies/Programmes and Impacts
Goal
Objectives
Policies/Programmes
Impacts
To develop and promote the
district’s natural and tourism
resources and commercially
exploit
them
on
a
sustainable basis
To reduce over hunting due to abuse of
licenses throughout the plan period
CBNRM
Tourism Policy
Tourism Master Plan
Nothing much has
been done in the
district
CBNRM
Tourism Policy
Tourism Master Plan
Nothing much has
been done in the
district
Industrial
Development Policy
A
number
entrepreneurs have
been trained in the
district and the IFS
office
still
intending
to
continue
parting
skills during plan
period
Wildlife Management
Regulations
Nothing much has
been done in the
district
To reduce the killing of problem animals
To reduce poaching level by the end of
the plan period.
To sensitise communities
and the public at large on
the importance of tourism
To promote awareness on the importance
of wildlife
To facilitate the start of wildlife projects
in schools
To
promote
industrial
development by training
entrepreneurs in various
skills and provision of
business advice
To come up with an inventory of wildlife
species in the district
To manage species specific
take-off to fall within
biological sustainable quota
To mobilize communities to engage in
Community Based Natural Resources
Management
To develop management strategies for
species of concern throughout the plan
period
To conduct appropriate training for
communities in financial management
skills and business ethics
Wildlife Conservation
and National Parks Act
Wildlife Conservation
Policy
To put in place a fully operational
CBNRM coordinating mechanism
To educate general public
on importance of wildlife
To promote awareness on the importance
of wildlife
To facilitate the start of wildlife projects
in schools
To develop Guidelines for
the conservation of species
of concern
To come up with an inventory of wildlife
species in the district
To develop management strategies for
species of concern throughout the plan
period
To engage communities in
sustainable utilization of
wildlife resources
To mobilize communities to engage in
Community Based Natural Resources
Management
National Conservation
Strategy
Wildlife Conservation
and National Parks Act
Wildlife Conservation
Policy
Nothing much has
been done in the
district
National Conservation
Strategy
Wildlife Conservation
Policy
Nothing much has
been done in the
district
CBNRM
Nothing much has
been done in the
district
To conduct appropriate training for
communities in financial management
skills and business ethics
To put in place a fully operational
CBNRM coordinating mechanism
74
8.5
STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE TRADE,
TOURISM GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
INDUSTRY,
WILDLIFE
AND
During the plan period, the departments of Wildlife and National Parks, Tourism, and
Industrial Affairs through the IFS office in Mochudi will not be undertaking any construction
projects. Most of the goals and objectives will be achieved through kgotla meetings, as well as
workshops and seminars, hence there will not be any environmental impacts or it will be
insignificant.
The strategies that will be undertaken are as shown in the table below.
Sector
Goals
Sector Objectives
Proposed
Activity
Resource
Requirements
Performance
Indicators
Goal 1
To have mobilized
communities
to
come up with
employment
creation
opportunities
in
the tourism sector
by 2009
Kgotla
meetings
Seminars
Human
Resources
Vehicles
Funds = P70
000
Number
of
workshops
held per year
Number
of
projects
initiated
by
communities
To
sensitize
communities and
the public at large
on importance of
tourism by 2006
Kgotla
meetings
Seminars
To
have
well
trained
entrepreneurs who
understand most
business concepts
and are highly
skilled by 2009
Seminars
Tourism
Goal 2
Industrial
Affairs
Goal 1
Project
Follow ups
Human
Resources
Vehicles
Funds = P150
000
Number
projects
running
by 2009
of
Monitoring
Programme
Quarterly
reports
to
DET
And DDC
well
Quarterly
reports
to
DET
And DDC
Reduced
incidence
of
over hunting
and poaching
by 2009
Quarterly
reports
to
DET
And DDC
Number
of
viable projects
established by
clubs
Quarterly
reports
to
DET
And DDC
To
continue
monitoring
and
mentoring all FAP
funded and nofunded
projects
throughout
the
plan period
Goal 1
Wildlife
Goal 2
To have reduced
over hunting due
to
abuse
of
licenses by 2009
To reduce the
killing of animals
as
problem
animals by at least
10% per annum
throughout
the
plan period
To have reduced
documented
poaching level by
at least 50% by
2009
To have viable
projects in at least
80% of the schools
with
environmental
clubs by end of the
plan period
Field trips
Licensing
Field trips
Human
Resources
Vehicles
Funds
Human
Resources
Vehicles
Funds
75
Sector
Goals
Sector Objectives
Proposed
Activity
Resource
Requirements
Performance
Indicators
Monitoring
Programme
Sector
Goals
Sector Objectives
Proposed
Activity
Resource
Requirements
Performance
Indicators
Monitoring
Programme
Human
Resources
Vehicles
List completed
by end of
December
2003
Strategies
formulated by
2009
Quarterly
reports
to
DET
and
DDC
Goal 3
Goal 4
To have an initial
list of species of
concern
by
December 2003
To have developed
management
strategies
for
species of concern
by 2009
To have mobilized
all
relevant
communities
to
engage in CBNRM
projects
by
December 2003
To have conducted
appropriate
training
for
communities
in
financial
management skills
and business ethics
by December 2004
To have fully
operational
CBNRM
coordinating
mechanism
in
place by December
2003
Kgotla
meetings
Workshops
Human
Resources
Vehicles
Funds = 70 000
Number
of
kgotla
meetings and
workshops
conducted
Quarterly
reports
to
DET
and
DDC
76
CHAPTER NINE
9
EDUCATION AND TRAINING
9.1
INTRODUCTION
The future development of education in Botswana is guided by the Revised National Policy
on Education (RNPE) of 1994. In Kgatleng District, there are various levels of providing
education, which are Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary levels. Implementation and
achievement of the education goals and objectives for the district will also be guided by the
same policy and are geared towards achieving the Vision 2016 Pillar on “Building an
Educated and Informed Nation”.
9.1.1
Institutional Framework
Education and training responsibilities for Primary Education are shared between the Ministry
of Local Government and the Ministry of Education. The latter is responsible for policy
formulation while the former is responsible for policy implementation through the provision
of appropriate infrastructure to primary schools. Secondary Education falls under the
responsibility of the Department of Secondary Education in the Ministry of Education, which
is also responsible for private secondary schools. The Ministry of Education is also
responsible for Non-Formal Education and Vocational Education and Training. At the district
level the ministry of Education is represented by the Department of Primary Education,
Secondary Education, Non-Formal Education, teacher Training and Development and
Vocational Education and Training through the Brigades which are partly funded by the
government and partly by the communities.
9.1.2
Strategic Plans for Respective Ministries
Ministry of Education
The Ministry’s mission is to provide quality education and training that is accessible to
learners of all age groups and to create opportunities for life long learning to enable
individuals to attain their full potential and to contribute to national socio-economic and
technological advancement. This will be achieved through efficient and effective management
of the national education and training system, development and implementation of relevant
and responsive education policies and provision of an enabling environment for learning.
Ministry of Local Government
The mandate of the Ministry of Local Government is to provide basic physical and social
infrastructure in particular through provision and maintenance of primary school
infrastructure and provision of social protection systems. This will be achieved through the
following goal:




To improve the quality of life by providing primary school infrastructure in the
district.
To clear the maintenance backlog of facilities in the district
To improve social safety nets by targeting vulnerable groups, such as the needy
pupils and the RADs under the National Strategy for Poverty Reduction
To provide social protection by improving delivery of food and other amenities to
vulnerable groups
77
Ministry of Agriculture
The Ministry of Agriculture plans to increase agricultural technology development and
transfer through the following strategic goals:


To promote science and technology based agricultural development through strong
research extension linkages
To increase agricultural knowledge through regular targeted technology-based
training. That is developing specialised training modules according to the customer
needs.
Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs
The role of the Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs in terms of Education and Training is to
provide information through generating, acquiring and disseminating information for
purposes of education and research. This is done through the Mochudi Branch Library and
Phuthadikobo Museum.
9.1.3
The Role of the Private Sector
The District will continue to hive off to the private sector those activities that are not the core
business of education and training. Office cleaning, security services, catering, gardening,
and landscaping are some areas that have been identified for privatisation. The private sector
will also continue to complement government in the provision of education at pre-school and
primary and secondary levels, as well as through schools for people with disabilities. In the
district there is only one private primary school, Raserura, several pre-schools, and two
special education centres. That is Pudologong Centre for the Blind and Motswedi
Rehabilitation Centre for the disabled.
9.1.4
Education and Training Consultation Priority Issues
The following issues were raised during the community consultation workshops:
 Long or overstay of teachers in one school or district
The community was concerned that staying too long in one area by teachers tends to
influence their behaviour negatively in delivering quality teaching and social interaction
with the community they are serving.
 Poor and Inadequate Teachers’ Accommodation
There was a concern was raised to the effect that teachers like other civil servants should be
accommodated properly in houses that have amenities such as electricity, etc.
Strengthening Planning and coordination capacity at district level for better utilization of
resources. For example adjusting the enrolment of primary schools to their capacities.
9.2
9.2.1
NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION
Revised National Policy on Education 1994
The Revised National Policy on Education (RNPE) was approved by the National Assembly
on the 7th April 1994.
This policy outlines the government’s reactions to the recommendations of the Report
of the National Commission on Education (1993) and lays down policy guidelines and
strategies for future educational development.
78
The RNPE spells out the strategy for educational development whose long-term perspective is
up to 25 years groups in the society through the following main issues:






Access and equity
Effective preparation of students for life, citizenship and the world of work
Improvement and maintenance of quality of the education system
Enhancement of the performance and status of the teaching profession
Efficient management of the education system
Cost effectiveness and cost sharing in the financing of the education system
The district has done much in trying to realise the above. For example in terms of cost
effectiveness and cost sharing in financing of education, foreign students have already started
paying for their education; the transition from primary to secondary education has been
achieved by the district.
9.3
EDUCATION
Education sector has the following responsibilities, primary, secondary, tertiary and
private institutions. Map 9.1 shows the distribution of education facilities in the
Kgatleng District.
Map 9.1
Distribution of education facilities in the Kgatleng District
79
9.3.1
Schools
9.3.1.1 Primary and Special Education
Primary education in the context of the Botswana education system falls under the joint
jurisdiction of the Ministries of Education and Local Government with the former being
responsible for the professional aspects of the primary education system such as the
curriculum, development of instructional materials, teacher training at both pre-service and inservice levels, assessment/examinations procedures, school management/supervision, career
progression of teachers including conditions of service. On the other hand, the Ministry of
Local Government is responsible for development of infrastructure for primary education
such as classrooms and teachers’ quarters construction. Local Government carries out this
mandate through the local authorities and amongst other aspects the local authorities are
charged with the responsibility for purchase and distribution of school supplies, school
transport as well as matters relating to welfare such as provision of housing.
The Special Education is an integral component of the mainstream education system.
A notable achievement in this field has been the continued establishment of special education
units within the conventional school system to cater for children with disabilities.
In
Kgatleng District special units have been introduced in some schools, for example there is a
special unit for the visually impaired at Lencwe Primary School and a special unit for the
mentally retarded at Kgafela Primary School.
This is an approach that should be emphasised for the education system to cater for the
majority of our disabled children in a most cost effective manner that avoids unnecessary
duplication of resources.
The government through all the stakeholders should put in place the required support
structures or services like:




Transport for disabled students
Support for both disabled children and their parents/guardians.
Provision of requisite instructional materials and equipment
Provision of appropriate trained teachers and support staff
Inculcation of positive attitudes on the part of the parents/guardians and the
community in general towards the disabled.
Naturally, provision of special education in the Botswana context cannot be viewed in
isolation from the broader education system.
Kgatleng District Council has 35 Setswana medium primary schools. There is one mission
school run by the Roman Catholic Church at Morwa. One new school is being built in
Mochudi making a total of 36 primary schools. There is also one privately run English
medium school.
The table below shows the current situation at our primary schools, the projected enrolment
for the plan period 2003 – 2009 per school at 5% growth annual rate.
80
Table 9.1
Existing Primary School Facilities in Kgatleng District and Projected Pupil Enrolment up to 2009 at 5% Growth Rate
School
C/rooms
T/Quarters
No. of
Teachers
Toilets
Enrol
2002
Enrol
2003
Enrol
2004
Enrol
2005
Enrol
2006
Enrol
2007
Enrol
2008
Enrol
2009
1. Artesia
17
16
15
20
389
408
428
449
471
495
520
546
2. Bogatsu
21
10
22
50
614
645
677
711
747
784
823
864
3. Boiteko
7
6
6
8
85
89
93
98
103
108
113
119
4. Dikgonnye
9
7
8
8
195
205
215
226
237
249
261
274
5. Dikwididi
7
6
7
12
108
113
119
125
131
138
145
152
6. Isang
22
12
24
22
676
710
746
783
822
863
906
951
7. Kgabosereto
16
9
19
24
545
572
601
631
663
696
731
768
8. Kgabotshwene
9
6
8
9
161
169
177
186
195
205
215
226
9. Kgafela
22
11
32
9
944
991
1041
1093
1148
1205
1265
1328
10. Kgomodiatshaba
8
6
8
13
152
160
168
176
185
194
204
214
11. Khurutshe
7
4
8
12
81
85
89
93
98
103
108
113
12. Lady Mitchison
22
12
26
45
836
878
922
968
1016
1067
1120
1176
13. Leshibitse
9
7
7
10
92
97
102
107
112
118
124
130
14. Letsebe
19
14
15
27
446
468
491
516
542
569
597
627
15. Linchwe
13
7
26
9
379
398
418
439
461
484
508
533
16. Mabalane
9
8
8
13
173
182
191
201
211
222
233
245
17. Matebele
12
11
12
15
271
285
299
314
330
347
364
82
18. Matsieng
12
8
14
29
291
306
321
337
354
372
391
411
19. Mmusi
22
13
24
34
807
847
889
933
980
1029
1080
1134
20. Modipane
15
11
16
13
454
477
501
526
552
580
609
639
21. Olifantsdrift
11
9
9
18
214
225
236
248
260
273
287
301
22. Oodi
19
16
18
18
505
530
557
585
614
645
677
711
81
School
C/rooms
T/Quarters
No. of
Teachers
Toilets
Enrol
2002
Enrol
2003
Enrol
2004
Enrol
2005
Enrol
2006
Enrol
2007
Enrol
2008
Enrol
2009
23. Phaphane
22
11
22
28
679
713
749
786
825
866
909
954
24. Pilane
11
8
12
13
266
279
293
308
323
339
356
374
25. Raditladi
22
16
20
41
538
565
593
623
654
687
721
757
26. Ramogotsi
10
6
11
15
240
252
265
278
292
307
322
338
27. Rankoa
21
15
21
22
617
648
680
714
750
788
827
868
28. Rasesa
18
11
21
30
518
544
571
600
630
662
695
730
29. Seingwaeng
18
12
19
20
498
523
549
576
605
635
667
700
30. Segale
22
14
29
23
967
1015
1066
1119
1175
1234
1296
1361
31. Sikwane
10
7
9
11
223
234
246
258
271
285
299
314
32. Tlhaakgame
14
13
13
18
302
317
333
350
368
386
405
425
33. Mmadipamo
8
14
7
15
29
298
329
345
362
380
399
419
34. Ramonaka
8
8
7
41
116
122
128
134
141
148
155
163
35. Ramotlabaki
7
7
7
22
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
Totals
491
351
530
717
13501
14445
15183
15941
16738
17578
18452
19072
Source: Primary Education Department (Kgatleng District Council) - 2002
82
According to the enrolment growth shown on the above table, there are no expectations of any
large increase in the student population that might need an extra primary school. However,
provision would be made for two new primary schools to cater for any crucial circumstances
that might arise during the plan period.9. There are however plans to expand the same
primary schools in order to meet the requirements of the RNPE.
When looking at the projected enrolment, Segale, Lady Mitchison, Mmusi and Kgafela
primary schools would have more than 1000 pupils. It is the district ‘s hope that Lady
Mitchison and Kgafela will be relieved by Kgabosereto primary school which is within the
same catchment area. Segale and Mmusi would be relieved by Madipamo and Dichibidu
new school currently under construction.
DDP 6 however proposes to build and purchase:
Classrooms (assuming a long term ratio of 1:30)

Teachers quarters

Resource centres

Improved Administration blocks

Libraries

2 x 65 seater buses

2 x 25 seater buses for disabled pupils

Toilets (WC)

Tool sheds
General Recommendations
The distribution of teachers’ cheques should also be taken over by the Ministry of Education
as this will relieve teachers of the stress they would have to go through in case they have not
been paid properly.
In view of the current education system, there is nothing that compels parents to educate their
children. So it is recommended that education be made compulsory for every Motswana child
to build an Educated and Informed Nation.
As we go into NDP9, we still recommend that the shared responsibility of teachers by the two
Ministries be looked into to avoid confusion.
Table 9.2
Projects
Planned Primary School Construction
2003/4
2004/5
2005/6
New schools
2006/7
2007/8
1
Classrooms
15
8
2
18 (new
included)
Tool sheds
6
7
6
7
Teachers quarters
51
41
19
32 (new
included)
Science Laboratory
6
6
6
Toilets
12
-
Library
6
Computer Room
Resource Centres
school
2008/9
Total
1
2
4
23 (new
included)
6
6
20
27 (new
included)
6
7
7
38
-
14
13
14
43
6
6
6
7
7
38
6
7
6
7
6
6
38
6
6
5
6
6
11
38
school
school
70
38
school
190
Source : Primary Education Department (Kgatleng District Council) – 2002
83
9.3.1.2 Secondary School Education
The government has provided a nation wide network of Government Aided Community
Junior Secondary Schools with reasonably adequate resources and with provision for
communities to participate in the running of schools. Diversification of the curriculum in
these schools has been vigorously implemented. The Junior Certificate Curriculum has been
revised and expanded to accommodate more practically oriented subjects such as Business
Studies, Music and Design and Technology.
A computer awareness programme was
introduced in some Junior Secondary Schools and will be offered to all schools in NDP9.
Massive expansion of all senior secondary schools was undertaken in NDP8 and this will
continue during NDP 9/DDP 6.
In Kgatleng District there is the Molefi Senior Secondary, which is the only senior secondary
school in the district and 11 Community Junior Secondary Schools. The Ministry of
Education will continue to construct additional facilities in these schools as well as maintain
existing ones.
9.3.1.3 Non Formal Education
Map 9.2
Cluster
DNFE Kgatleng Field Staff and their areas of operation.
Villages
Settlement
Covered
and
AEA/SAEA
No.
of
LGLs
No. of
Groups
No.
of
Learners
F
M
Artesia
Kgomodiatshaba
Leshibitse
Khurutshe
Bodungwane
1
4
4
19
15
Bokaa
Morwa
Pilane
1
6
10
70
20
Mathubuduk
wane
Ramonaka
Malolwane
1
5
8
52
23
Mochudi
Mochudi
1
7
12
43
76
Olifantsdrift
Ramotlabaki
1
1
2
9
7
Oodi
Modipane
Dikwididi
Mokatse
Matebele
1
3
4
23
12
Rasesa
Malotwana
1
5
7
35
19
Sikwane
Mabalane
1
3
3
21
7
8
34
50
272
179
Totals
Source: Kgatleng District - Non-Formal Education Office 2002.
There are problems associated with this low participation in the Literacy programme in the
District, which are:

Lack of continuity after literacy or completion of primers
Learning needs not adequately addressed
84


Lack of resources such as transport as well trained and well motivated personnel
Lack of recognition and support by some local authorities
9.3.1.4 Private Schools
Private schools play an important role in complementing government efforts in the provision
of education and training. The Ministry of Education registers and monitors all private
schools in order to ensure that quality assurance is implemented. Private education needs to
be standardized so that good quality education is achieved. In the district there is only one
private primary school and several pre-schools.
9.3.2
Training
9.3.2.1 Vocational and Tertiary Training
Post School Vocational and Technical training provides skills for specific occupations. An
efficient and effective training system is crucial in a country’s economic development and
therefore it is necessary to focus attention on the training system distinct from general
education and to give it more priority. There should be infusion of prevocational skills and
awareness in the basic education curriculum as a prerequisite for development of appropriate
vocational/technical skills at subsequent levels of the education and training system through
the vocational training colleges and the Brigades. Naturally, technical/vocational education is
regarded as providing the basis for practical skills training for industry and the general
employment sector with a view to filling in critical skills gaps in the national economy. NDP
9 will thus emphasise on a number of initiatives ranging from expansion of physical facilities
to the development of new programmes in both brigades and vocational technical colleges.
Kgatleng Brigade Development Trust just like other Brigades is a community-based
institution, which is currently being subsidised financially by the government through the
Ministry of Education. It offers five different disciplines namely:- bricklaying and plastering,
welding and fabrication, carpentry and joinery and forestry and textile.
Some few years after its inception, the organisation begun to focus more on youth and
community development. Some vocational training begun as well as production work.
9.4
EDUCATION AND TRAINING SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
Table 9.3
Sector Goals and Objectives
Goals
Objectives
To provide equitable and quality life long
education and training to out of school population
by equipping them with essential learning and
productive life skills.
To educate young people to lead productive
lives through relevant and
To promote activities which enhance learning
To promote Non-Formal Education
To improve the quality of education by reducing
the teacher/pupil ratio
To construct education facilities at all schools
from 1:40 to 1:30 at
To provide infrastructure to the highest need of all
primary and secondary schools in the entire district
To construct education facilities at all schools
To enable young people to acquire competent
Vocational and Technical training which would
enable them to compete in the global village
To educate young people to lead productive
lives through relevant and
85
Goals
Objectives
To promote activities which enhance learning
To create opportunity for life long learning
To promote activities which enhance learning
To promote Non-Formal Education
To create an enable learning environment for
people living with disability
9.5
9.5.1
To provide facilities for special education
FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives
Table 9.4
Goals, Objectives, Environmental Key Issues and Impacts
Goals
To provide equitable and
quality life long education
and training to out of
school population by
equipping them with
essential learning and
productive life skills.
To improve the quality of
education by reducing the
teacher/pupil ratio from
1:40 to 1:30
To provide infrastructure
to the highest need of all
primary and secondary
schools in the entire
district
To enable young people
to acquire competent
Vocational and Technical
training which would
enable them to compete in
the global village
To create an opportunity
for life long learning
To create an enable
learning environment for
people
living
with
disability
Objectives
 To educate young people to
lead productive lives through
relevant and excellent training
in various skills
 To promote activities which
enhance learning
 To promote Non-Formal
Education
 To
construct
education
facilities at all schools
 To
construct
education
facilities at all schools
 To educate young people to
lead productive lives through
relevant and excellent training
in various skills
 To promote activities which
enhance learning
 To promote activities which
enhance learning
 To promote Non-Formal
Education
 To provide facilities for
special education
Environmental Key
Issues
Impacts
None
N/A
 Land
Management
 Natural Resource
 Pollution
 Water Supply
 Land Degradation
 Loss of Vegetation
 Pressure
on
Water
demand
 Pressure on Land Demand
 Pollution of underground
water
 Land Degradation
 Loss of Vegetation
 Pressure
on
Water
demand
 Pressure on Land Demand
 Pollution of underground
water
 Land
Management
 Natural Resource
 Pollution
 Water Supply
None
N/A
None
N/A
 Land
Management
 Natural Resource
 Pollution
 Water Supply
 Land Degradation
 Loss of Vegetation
 Pressure
on
Water
demand
 Pressure on Land Demand
 Pollution of underground
water
86
9.5.2
Evaluation of Sector Policies and Programmes
Table 9.5
Goals, Objectives, Policies/Programmes and Impacts
Goals
Objectives
Policies/
Programmes
To provide equitable and quality
life long education and training to
out of school population by
equipping them with essential
learning and productive life skills.
To educate young people to lead
productive lives through relevant
and
RNPE
Policy
Tertiary
Education
Impacts
on
The district has done
much in implementing
the recommendation of
the policies
To promote activities which enhance
learning
To promote Non-Formal Education
To improve the quality of
education by reducing the
teacher/pupil ratio
To construct education facilities at
all schools
RNPE
The district has done
much and will continue
to provide
from 1:40
more
to facilities
1:30 at Primary School
To provide infrastructure to the
highest need of all primary and
secondary schools in the entire
district
To construct education facilities at
all schools
RNPE
The district has done
much and will continue
to provide more facilities
To enable young people to
acquire competent Vocational and
Technical training which would
enable them to compete in the
global village
To educate young people to lead
productive lives through relevant
and
RNPE
Much Done
To create opportunity for life long
learning
To promote activities which enhance
learning
RNPE
The district will continue
to strive to create
opportunities for life
long learning
RNPE
Although the district has
done a lot in taking
aboard people living with
disability in terms of
special education, much
still needs to be done to
improve accessibility to
education
by
these
people.
To promote activities which enhance
learning
To promote Non-Formal Education
To create an enabling learning
environment for people living
with disability
To provide facilities for special
education
87
9.6
9.6.1
STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE EDUCATION AND TRAINING GOALS AND
OBJECTIVES
Proposed Projects, Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Goals
Objectives
Proposed
Projects
Possible
Impacts
Mitigation
Measures
To provide equitable and quality
life long education and training
to out of school population by
equipping them with essential
learning and productive life
skills.
To educate young people to
lead productive lives through
relevant and
Construction of
College
of
Applied
Arts
and Technology
Land
Degradation
Loss
of
Biodiversity
Littering
Carrying out
EIA
Construction of
70 classrooms
Excessive
Controlled
mining
of
mining
of
building from 1:40sand
to 1:30 at and
Primary Schools
materials
concrete
To promote activities which
enhance learning
To
promote
Education
To improve the quality of
education by reducing the
teacher/pupil ratio
Non-Formal
To
construct
education
facilities at all schools
Generation of
waste
Land
Degradation
To provide infrastructure to the
highest need of all primary and
secondary schools in the entire
district
To
construct
education
facilities at all schools
Upgrading
CJSSs in the
district
Construction of
additional
facilities
in
primary schools
To enable young people to
acquire competent Vocational
and Technical training which
would enable them to compete in
the global village
To educate young people to
lead productive lives through
relevant and
Construction of
College
of
Applied Arts
To promote activities which
enhance learning
Excessive
mining
building
materials
of
To promote activities which
enhance learning
To
promote
Education
To create an enabling learning
environment for people living
with disability
Controlled
mining
of
sand
and
concrete
Generation of
waste
Depositing
waste
at
designated
areas
Land uptake
Excessive
mining
of
building
materials
EIA
Systematic
land clearance
Generation of
waste
To create opportunity for life
long learning
Depositing
waste
at
designated
areas
Introduction of
Adult
Basic
Education
None
Construct
special
education
facilities
Land
Degradation
Loss
of
Biodiversity
Littering
Depositing at
designated
areas
Non-Formal
To provide facilities
special education
for
of
unit
Carrying out
EIA
88
9.7
RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR DDP 6
Table 9.6
Proposed Projects, Performance Targets, Budget and Plan Monitoring
Goals
Objectives
Proposed
Project
Resources
Requirement
Performance
Indicators
Monitoring
Programme
To provide equitable and
quality life long education
and training to out of
school population by
equipping them with
essential learning and
productive life skills.
To educate young people to
lead productive lives through
relevant and
Construction
of College of
Applied Arts
and
Technology
P130 million
College
of
Applied Arts
and
Technology
constructed by
end of plan
period
Quarterly
reporting to
relevant excellent trainin
committees
To promote activities which
enhance learning
To
promote
Education
Non-Formal
To improve the quality of
education by reducing the
teacher/pupil ratio
To
construct
education
facilities at all schools
Construction
of
70
classrooms
To provide infrastructure
to the highest need of all
primary and secondary
schools in the entire
district
To
construct
education
facilities at all schools
Upgrading
CJSSs in the
district
70classrooms
Quarterly
constructed
reporting to
from 1:40 to 1:30 at Primary
relevantSchools
committees
CJSS upgraded
by end of plan
period
Number
of
facilities
constructed at
end of plan
period
Construction
of additional
facilities
in
primary
schools
To enable young people
to acquire competent
Vocational and Technical
training which would
enable them to compete in
the global village
To educate young people to
lead productive lives through
relevant and
Construction
of College of
Applied Arts
Part of
P36.1 million
To promote activities which
enhance learning
Quarterly
reporting to
relevant
committees
College
of
Applied Arts
and
Technology
constructed by
end of plan
period
Quarterly
reporting to
relevant excellent trainin
committees
P12.5 million
Part of P36.1
million
P130 million
To create opportunity for
life long learning
To promote activities which
enhance learning
To
promote
Education
To create an enabling
learning environment for
people
living
with
disability
Non-Formal
To provide facilities
special education
for
Introduction
of
Adult
Basic
Education
NA
Number
learners
enrolled
of
Quarterly
reporting to
relevant
committees
Construct of
special
education unit
facilities
Part of P36.1
million
Number
of
special units
constructed
Quarterly
reporting to
relevant
committees
89
CHAPTER TEN
10 HEALTH
10.1 INTRODUCTION
The Ministry of Health is responsible for Health Policy formulation and leadership in health
on behalf of the Botswana Government as guided by National Health Policy (1995). On the
other hand, the Ministry of Local Government facilitates in implementation of health
programmes including the primary health services through the District Health Teams (DHTs).
Health is an integral and indispensable component of Vision 2016. The country needs a
healthy community and public service to attain the goals of the national vision. Provision of
health service in the district goes a long way in building a compassionate, just and caring
nation, one of the pillars of Vision 2016.
10.1.1 The Institutional Framework
Health system in Kgatleng District is organized through the following sectionsi.
Primary Health Care
ii. Hospital Services
iii. Support Services
The DHT Management plays the role of enabler through coordination of overall
administrative and resource support services (finance, transport, material and facilities) within
the district. It also coordinates primary health care. The primary health care is responsible for
integration of preventive, promotion, rehabilitative, and appropriate curative health care
through the participation and involvement of community groups at all levels of the health
delivery system. It discharges these responsibilities through clinics, health posts and mobile
stops throughout the district.
Hospital services mainly cater for inpatients. However, it also covers broad areas such as
diagnostic service, support to primary health care, treatment services and takes care of
referred patients from the health clinics. It does this through the District Hospital (Deborah
Retief Memorial Hospital).
Support services include environmental health, rehabilitation, home based
pharmaceutical teams. These are all based at DHT.
care, and the
10.1.2 Strategic Plans for respective ministries.
Ministry of Health
The ministry is responsible for the health policy formulation and facilitating implementation
of the policy. It also has a duty to provide comprehensive, preventative, promotive, curative
and rehabilitative health care services. The goals of the Ministry of Health (MoH) are as
follows:



To improve efficiency and cost effectiveness of health care delivery.
To ensure equitable distribution of health services.
To improve quality of health care.
90


To train appropriate skilled personnel.
To strengthen primary health care programmes.
The district aims at improving the communities’ access to health services, improvement of the
quality of the health services, development of the health sector by providing adequate
manpower and transport, which is in line with Vision 2016. The district also wants to reduce
the spread and impacts of HIV/AIDS through health education and support of the infected and
affected.
Ministry of Local Government
The ministry’s core business is to provide basic physical and social facilities to communities.
Through the Local Government Service Management and the Sanitation and Waste
Management Department the ministry is responsible for the provision of primary health care
services. Through the health institutions, the district has a duty to ensure customer satisfaction
through timely delivery of quality service. The district will also ensure sufficient provision of
health facilities to make health services accessible to the communities.
National AIDS Coordinating Agency (NACA)
NACA is responsible for ensuring a multi-sectoral action amongst all ministries, sectors,
districts, NGOs, CBOs, People Living With HIV/AIDS and Private sector. It also mobilises
resources for a long term and sustainable response to the epidemic. The district will continue
to implement programmes such as community home based care and the prevention of mother
to child transmission, which are in line with the national vision pillar of Caring and
Compassionate Nation.
10.1.3 The Role of the Private Sector
In this sector, private medical practitioners and private companies for waste collection and
disposal will be considered. NGOs and CBOs that are engaged in the fight against HIV/AIDS
will also be considered.
10.1.3.1
Private Practitioners
The private medical practitioners help ease the workload of health services in the district.
They normally offer curative and counselling services. There are three private practitioners in
the district all based in the main village of Mochudi.
10.1.3.2
Private Companies
During the plan period the Department of Public Health in the district intends to privatize
waste collection and disposal as well as the landfill operation in line with the government’s
privatization policy. The intention is to be done in 2 phases. The first phase being the
privatization of solid waste collection and disposal followed by privatization of landfills.
However, Landfill privatization would be subject to the “Department of Sanitation and Waste
Management approval.
The private sector will be expected to have the capacity to provide the above services and the
Department of Sanitation and Waste Management is expected to provide the policy guidelines
for privatization of the services.
The policy guideline will be expected to help local
authorities to select competent companies to run the services on behalf of the local authorities.
The Department of Public Health will during the plan period endeavour to reduce waste going
into the landfills. This will be done through waste minimisation. The department will work
91
hand in hand with waste recycling companies and those salvaging metal, plastic and paper
waste. The Department of Sanitation and Waste Management will be expected to help in
identifying recycling companies while local authorities will be expected to work directly with
the recycling companies. It is hoped that by the end of the plan period at least 25% of
recyclable material will be reduced from the waste stream.
Another service that will be considered for privatisation will be vector control (pest control).
Currently local authorities are providing this service at a highly subsidized cost. Since the
Department of Public Health has already started reviewing the fees for solid waste collection,
it is the intention of the department to review the pest control fees. The rationale is to make
the service sustainable hence enticing the private sector to take over the service.
10.1.3.3
NGOs and CBOS engaged in the Fight against HIV/AIDS
There are a number of NGOs and CBOs in the district that are engaged in the fight against
HIV/AIDS in collaboration with the government. These include among others, the Tebelopele
Voluntary Testing and Counselling Centre, Botswana Family Welfare Association and
Bakgatla Bolokang Matshelo.
10.1.4 Health Consultation Priorities
Communities are concerned about shortage of nurses in some health facilities, which leads to
inadequate coverage of mobile stops in some catchment areas. Despite this issue they
proposed that their health posts and clinics should be upgraded to include maternity wards.
Although the district doesn’t have a problem of waste management, there is need for a special
vehicle for clinical waste. They advocated for Community Home Based Care Givers to be
given allowances that are attractive.
There is only one district referral hospital in Kgatleng where all clinics refer their patients to.
This results in overcrowding/congestion at the hospital. Therefore there is a need for a
primary hospital in the district.
10.2 NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION
10.2.1 National Health Policy
The health care system of Botswana is based on the principles of primary health care. The
government, when planning its activities, puts health promotion and care and disease
prevention among its priorities. The basic objectives of which shall be access by all citizens of
Botswana to essential health care, whatever their financial resources or place of domicile, and
the assurance of equitable distribution of health resources and utilisation of health services.
Health services is structured and operated in such a way that they will be linked with each
other as well as with other social services.
The policy has a mandate to support the development of the private sector and in particular
the cooperation of such sector with the public sector. The district’s provision of primary
health care facilities to the local communities is based on the policy regulation of providing
clinics with maternity to a 30km radius and those without maternity to 15km radius and health
post 8km radius. It also integrates all social and public health acts and gives the framework
for their interpretation and implementation.
10.2.2 National Policy on HIV/AIDS
This policy outlines the national response to the epidemic in Botswana. It describes the role of
national leaders, various government ministries, the private sector, NGOs and CBOs, persons
92
living with HIV/AIDS and individual community members in the national response. It forms
the basis on which a national strategic plan will be developed. Within the National Strategic
plan, different ministries and organisations, even at district level, will formulate their sectoral
plans and projects for implementation.
10.2.3 Waste Management Act
This is a piece of legislation that will govern waste management in the district throughout the
plan period. The act requires that a waste management plan be prepared for each plan period.
Kgatleng District Waste Management Plan is being prepared currently. Such a plan will spell
out how the district will manage its waste throughout the plan period.
10.3 HEALTH
10.3.1 Environmental Health
The main aim of the department is to provide a healthy environment in which strong health
families, capable of contributing positively to the development of our economy can be
promoted. The section is responsible for the control of some of the factors that may have
negative effect on the environment and human health. It ensures that households and business
premises have safe sanitary facilities and water supply. It also monitors food hygiene in
restaurants and shops. Kgatleng District has tried its best to provide refuse collection services
to all areas in the district. To further improve refuse collection services, the district is planning
to privatise in some areas. In conjunction with the water supply authorities, water quality is
regularly monitored. The department has a problem of proper meat inspection because of
proper slaughtering facilities.
10.3.2 Hospital Services
Kgatleng District is serviced by one hospital – Deborah Retief Memorial Hospital. The
government has taken over the running of the hospital following the disagreement between
the Dutch Reformed Church and the Bakgatla Community.
The hospital is a district hospital that receives referrals from the Kgatleng catchment areas.
10.3.3 Primary Health Care
The District Health Team (DHT) in consultation with the Ministry of Health is responsible for
planning, evaluating and providing basic health services for persons resident in Kgatleng
District in accordance with Government Policy and any guidelines from time to time issued
by the ministry. Such services include the following :
Health Promotion and Avoidance of Ill-health encompassing:

Health Education

Environmental Sanitation

Disease prevention

Care of vulnerable groups

Rehabilitation of the disabled

Maintenance of special disease control
Health Care Curative Services encompassing:

Diagnosis and treatment of patients and referral if or when necessary.

Referrals
93
Community Health Services encompassing

Data collection and epidemiology

Evaluation and monitoring

Promotion of community development
Family Health Care Services encompassing

Counselling

Ante-natal care

Midwifery

Post-natal care

Growth monitoring

Paediatric treatment

Immunisation

Infant and child care

Nutritional surveillance and guidance

School health
The achievements for the department are encouraging save for the HIV/AIDS pandemic.
More than 80% of the population live within 15 Km distance from a health facility. Other
factors considered in the distribution of facilities are population accessibility and increased
demand and need of health services.
In DDP 5 provision of maternity facilities was given a priority in the district and thus the
Morwa and Boseja maternity wings were funded and constructed. Artesia and Bokaa Clinics
were renovated and extended to cope with the increased demand of services.
Also, during DDP 5 it was observed that a number of structures of health facilities had run
down and the design of others did not meet the needs of the services being provided in them.
The formation of the Project Implementation Team (PIT) will help identify these facilities and
suggest ways of improving them.
Each health facility in the district has been provided with a form of communication either a
telephone or radio. To facilitate prompt referrals, all clinics and health posts have vehicles
most of which are relatively new. These vehicles are also used for implementing programmes
such as school health, follow up of patients and other outreach services. Each clinic with
maternity in the district has been provided with small incinerators and are all working. A big
incinerator was launched in the DRM Hospital in February 2002. This incinerator has
capacity to handle all the clinical waste generated in the district.
10.3.4 District Health System
The District Health Team is accommodated in a building situated next to the Rural
Administration Centre (RAC). The building has limited number of offices and there is no
room for expansion. District Health Team is experiencing shortage of transport for
supervision of activities, implementation and monitoring of programmes. Shortages of staff
particularly in the field of nurses with midwifery has been a critical issue in the provision of
health care. Lack of equipment in some clinics is also a problem.
94
The DHT is well functional with the following facilities:Health facilities
Number
Clinics with maternity
5
Clinics without maternity
6
Health post
16
Mobile stops
27
10.3.5 Control of Pandemic Diseases
10.3.5.1
HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS has remained unabated, hence the upward trend observed. The Information,
Education and Communication (IEC) is the cornerstone of the fight and all the sectors are
involved in the fight (multi-sectoral approach). MTP III is being developed to guide us
through the coming years of DDP6.
During DDP5 Community Home Based Care was one of the very important community
responses to the impact of HIV/AIDS pandemic that is support to the infected and the
affected. Such responses are being encouraged and supported. Programmes such as PMTCT
were scaled down to the district as a measure of reducing mother to child transmission and
eventually controlling the spread of HIV/AIDS. Iso Preventative Therapy (IPT) and Anti
Retroviral drugs are expected to be introduced in the district during this plan period. These
programmes are fully supported by the district in terms of transport and manpower.
10.3.5.2
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis notification has increased by 10 – 15% per annum since 1997 when the lowest
notification rate of 200 cases per 100 000 population was recorded country-wide. Kgatleng
District notification rate is now 272 per 100 000 against 100 per 100 000 the WHO target.
This increase is largely due to the advent of HIV/AIDS in Botswana. By way of
recommendation:





The Ministry of Health should institutionalise a mechanism for regular updating for
doctors and in-service training for other clinical and health service providers on TB
diagnosis and treatment.
Contact tracing should be improved and efforts must be made to extend preventive
therapy to contacts below five years of age, where active Tuberculosis has been
excluded.
National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) training programmes should include senior
management staff and Family Welfare Educators (FWEs) in order to familiarise them
with the NTP policy guidelines.
Nurses in rural clinics should start treatment for smear positive patients without
waiting for Public Health Specialist (PHS) to review them.
The Botswana National Tuberculosis Programme (BNTP) must explore alternative
ways of implementing the directly absolved therapy outside the health facilities such
as the workplace and different community settings.
95
10.3.5.3
Malaria Control
Kgatleng District is not malaria area at present. However, the malaria belt is spreading
southward with time. The district has been warned to put preventative programmes in place
according to Roll Back Malaria initiative. In this initiative countries are called to act together,
strengthen existing activities aimed at controlling malaria epidemics and draw in new posters
at various levels. Workshops and seminars on the prevention of malaria to the community
and schools, sensitising the community on the importance of using Insecticide Treated Nets
(ITN), community mobilisation using the politicians - through Kgotla meetings, train the
health workers on the management of severe malaria.
10.4 HEALTH SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
When planning its activities, the District will put health promotion, disease prevention and
care of patients, among its priorities. This will be achieved through the following specific
goals and objectives:
Table 10.1 Health Sector Goals and Objectives
Goals
Objectives
To improve efficiency and cost
effectiveness of health care delivery
To increase the number of IMCI trainees personnel in Kgatleng
District from 2% to 65%
To train health workers on IPT in Kgatleng District from 75% to
95%
To increase EPI coverage in Kgatleng District from 75% to 95%
To increase the number of pharmacy technicians in Kgatleng from 2
to 8
To ensure that health facilities in Kgatleng District are all equipped.
To ensure that all the health facilities in Kgatleng District are
supplied with enough drugs timely, regularly, and in sufficient
quantities.
To ensure equitable distribution of
resources
To make sure that registered nurses will have been provided to all
the health facilities in Kgatleng District.
To provide basic amenities i.e. electricity through photovoltaic
installations, proper waste management etc in health facilities to
remote parts of Kgatleng.
To improve the quality of health care
To intensify supervision of health facilities in Kgatleng
To have 90% of communities in Kgatleng District well informed on
the ongoing programmes such as EPI, PMTCT, IPT, ARVs, TB,
school health programmes, etc.
To improve standard of some health facilities
To train appropriate skilled personnel
To train all doctors and nurses in Kgatleng District in data
collection and handling
To train all nurses in Kgatleng District on drug management.
To have all nurses and Family Welfare Educators in Kgatleng
District well informed on growth monitoring.
To
strengthen
participation
To train all health workers in Kgatleng District on public relations.
To create health awareness to 50% of the community in Kgatleng
District
To revive 60% of the village health committees
community
To improve the standard of
environmental health in the district in
order to avoid the incidence of
preventable
and
communicable
diseases
To provide proper sanitary facilities
96
10.5 FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
10.5.1 Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives
Table 10.2 Goals, Objectives, Environmental Key Issues and Impacts
Goals
Objectives
Environmental
Key Issues
Impacts
To improve efficiency and
cost
effectiveness
of
health care delivery
To increase the number of
IMCI trainees personnel in
Kgatleng District from 2%
to 65%
To train health workers on
IPT in Kgatleng District
from 75% to 95%
To increase EPI coverage in
Kgatleng District from 75%
to 95%
To increase the number of
pharmacy technicians in
Kgatleng from 2 to 8
To ensure that health
facilities
in
Kgatleng
District are all equipped.
To ensure that all the health
facilities
in
Kgatleng
District are supplied with
enough
drugs
timely,
regularly, and in sufficient
quantities.
None
N/A
To
ensure
equitable
distribution of resources
To make sure that registered
nurses will have been
provided to all the health
facilities
in
Kgatleng
District.
To provide basic amenities
i.e.
electricity
through
photovoltaic installations,
proper waste management
etc in health facilities to
remote parts of Kgatleng.
None
N/A
To improve the quality of
health care
To intensify supervision of
health facilities in Kgatleng
To
have
90%
of
communities in Kgatleng
District well informed on
the ongoing programmes
such as EPI, PMTCT, IPT,
ARVs, TB, school health
programmes,
etc.
Land
Natural Resource
utilisation
Pressure on land
Loss vegetation
Soil erosion
Over extraction
of sand
and
gravel
None
N/A
To improve standard of
some health facilities
To
train
appropriate
skilled personnel
To train all doctors and
nurses in Kgatleng District
in data collection and
handling
To train all nurses in
Kgatleng District on drug
97
Goals
Objectives
Environmental
Key Issues
Impacts
management.
To have all nurses and
Family Welfare Educators
in Kgatleng District well
informed
on
growth
monitoring.
To strengthen community
participation
To train all health workers
in Kgatleng District on
public relations.
To create health awareness
to 50% of the community in
Kgatleng District
To revive 60% of the
village health committees
None
N/A
To improve the standard
of environmental health in
the district in order to
avoid the incidence of
preventable
and
communicable diseases
To provide proper sanitary
facilities
Pollution
and
Waste
Management
Land
Water Supply
Natural Resource
Utilisation
Air pollution
Pressure on land
demand
Loss
of
vegetation
Land
Degradation
Over extraction
of sand
and
gravel
10.5.2 Evaluation of Sector Policies and Programmes
Table 10.3 Goals, Objectives, Policies/Programmes and Impacts
Goals
Objectives
Policies/Programs
Impacts
To improve efficiency
and cost effectiveness of
health care delivery
To increase the number of
IMCI trainees personnel in
Kgatleng District from 2%
to 65%
To train health workers on
IPT in Kgatleng District
from 75% to 95%
To increase EPI coverage
in Kgatleng District from
75% to 95%
To increase the number of
pharmacy technicians in
Kgatleng from 2 to 8
To ensure that health
facilities
in
Kgatleng
District are all equipped.
To ensure that all the health
facilities
in
Kgatleng
District are supplied with
enough
drugs
timely,
regularly, and in sufficient
quantities.
National
Policy
Health
Success rate in
terms of training
is fair to good in
the district, in
terms of training
To
ensure
equitable
distribution of resources
To
make
sure
that
registered nurses will have
been provided to all the
health facilities in Kgatleng
National
Policy
Health
The district has
done much in
ensuring
equitable
distribution
of
98
Goals
Objectives
District.
To provide basic amenities
i.e. electricity through
photovoltaic installations,
proper waste management
etc in health facilities to
remote parts of Kgatleng.
Policies/Programs
Impacts
resources
and
will continue to
do the same
during DDP 6.
To improve the quality of
health care
To intensify supervision of
health facilities in Kgatleng
To
have
90%
of
communities in Kgatleng
District well informed on
the ongoing programmes
such as EPI, PMTCT, IPT,
ARVs, TB, school health
programmes,
etc.
and
encourage them to use
them.
To improve standard of
some health facilities
National
Policy
So much has
been done and a
lot is still being
done in terms of
the fight against
HIV/AIDS
through
the
district
MultiSectoral AIDS
committee
(DMSAC).
To
train
appropriate
skilled personnel
To train all doctors and
nurses in Kgatleng District
in data collection and
handling
To train all nurses in
Kgatleng District on drug
management.
To have all nurses and
Family Welfare Educators
in Kgatleng District well
informed
on
growth
monitoring.
National
Policy
Health
Much has been
and is being
done.
To strengthen community
participation
To train all health workers
in Kgatleng District on
public relations.
To create health awareness
to 50% of the community
in Kgatleng District
To revive 60% of the
village health committees
National
Policy
Health
Every village in
the district has
the
Village
Health
committee and
the
Village
Multi-Sectoral
AIDS
Committee.
These are meant
to
emphasise
community
participation.
To provide proper sanitary
facilities
Waste
Management Act
National
HIV/AIDS Policy
To improve the standard
of environmental health in
the district in order to
avoid the incidence of
preventable
and
communicable diseases
Health
National
HIV/AIDS Policy
National
HIV/AIDS Policy
Waste
management in
the district is not
much
of
a
problem except
that there are no
sanitary facilities
for food handling
and disposal of
clinical waste.
99
10.6 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE THE HEALTH SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
10.6.1 Proposed Projects, Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measure
Table 10.4 Proposed Projects, Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Proposed Project
Potential Environmental Impacts
Mitigation Measures
1.Conduct workshops and seminars
2.Purchasing of ambulances and vehicles and furniture
Littering
None
Provision of refuse bins
Cutting of trees and digging trenches
Landscaping
Cutting of trees land scaping in the
remaining spaces
Land degradation and loss of vegetation
Pressure of water supply
Over extraction of sand and gravel
Carry out EIA
3.To extend/renovate and close roofs at waiting areas at Clinic II,
Makakatlela, Phaphane,
4.Upgrading of Malolwane, Rasesa, and Modipane Health Posts to Clinics
5.Construction of Mmathubudukwane Primary hospital
6.Clinic with Maternity at Boseja North
7.Construction incinerators at all clinics with maternity
8.Upgrading of IHS
9.Construction of landfill at Dikwididi
10.Construction of small abattoir
100
10.7 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR DDP 6
10.7.1 Issues and Strengths:
The district has been experiencing shortage of manpower in the health sector especially
nurses. Another issue is the HIV/AIDS pandemic which is depleting both the health
manpower and financial resources.
However the district has done well in terms of availability and accessibility to health services.
Implementation of primary health care system is also a strength to the district as well as
continuous planning process for human resource development, budgeting and materials. There is
cooperation between the private and the public sector in relation to health issues.
101
Table 10.1 Proposed Projects, Performance targets, budget and Plan Monitoring
Goals
Objectives
Proposed Project
Performance
Indicators
To improve efficiency
and cost effectiveness
of health care delivery
To increase the number
of
IMCI
trainees
personnel in Kgatleng
District from 2% to 65%
Conduct workshops
and seminars
Workshops
seminars
conducted
To train health
Purchasing
ambulances
vehicles
furniture
of
and
and
workers on IPT in
Kgatleng District from
75% to 95%
and
Ambulances,
vehicles
and
furniture
purchased
Budget
Plan
Monitoring
P70 000
Quarterly
progress
reports
P10.3 million for all
health projects in
district
Quarterly
progress
reports
To
increase
EPI
coverage in Kgatleng
District from 75% to
95%
To increase the number
of pharmacy technicians
in Kgatleng from 2 to 8
To ensure that health
facilities in Kgatleng
District are all equipped.
To ensure that all the
health
facilities
in
Kgatleng District are
supplied with enough
drugs timely, regularly,
and
in
sufficient
quantities.
To ensure
distribution
resources
equitable
of
To make sure that
registered nurses will
have been provided to
all the health facilities in
Kgatleng District.
To
provide
basic
Recruitment
of
registered nurses
Provision of basic
services in the health
facilities in remote
Number
of
registered nurses
recruited
Recurrent
P10.3 million for all health projects in
district
Quarterly
progress
reports
Basic
services
provided
102
Goals
To improve the quality
of health care
Objectives
Proposed Project
amenities i.e. electricity
through
photovoltaic
installations,
proper
waste management etc
in health facilities to
remote
parts
of
Kgatleng.
areas
To intensify supervision
of health facilities in
Kgatleng
To have 90% of
communities
in
Kgatleng District well
informed on the ongoing
programmes such as
EPI, PMTCT, IPT,
ARVs,
TB,
school
health programmes, etc.
To extend/renovate
and close roofs at
waiting areas at
Clinic
II,
Makakatlela,
Phaphane,
To improve standard of
some health facilities
Performance
Indicators
Budget
Plan
Monitoring
Hospital
Constructed
P52m
Quarterly
progress
reports
P284 610 000 For all HIS countrywide
HIS upgraded
Upgrading
of
Malolwane, Rasesa,
and
Modipane
Health Posts to
Clinics
Construction
of
Mmathubudukwane
Primary hospital
Clinic
with
Maternity at Boseja
North
Construction
incinerators at all
clinics
with
maternity
Upgrading of IHS
To train appropriate
skilled personnel
To train all doctors and
nurses
in
Kgatleng
District
in
data
collection and handling
To train all nurses in
Kgatleng District on
Workshops
seminars
and
Workshops
seminars
conducted
and
P70 000.00
Quarterly
progress
reports
103
Goals
Objectives
Proposed Project
Performance
Indicators
To train all health
workers in Kgatleng
District
on
public
relations.
To
create
health
awareness to 50% of the
community in Kgatleng
District
To revive 60% of the
village
health
committees
Seminars
workshops
Workshops
seminars
conducted
To
provide
proper
sanitary facilities
Construction
of
landfill at Dikwididi
Budget
Plan
Monitoring
P70 000.00
Quarterly
progress
reports
P15m
Quarterly
progress
reports
drug management.
To have all nurses and
Family
Welfare
Educators in Kgatleng
District well informed
on growth monitoring.
To
strengthen
community
participation
To
improve
the
standard
of
environmental health in
the district in order to
avoid the incidence of
preventable
and
communicable diseases
and
and
Committees
revived
Construction
small abattoir
of
Landfill
constructed
Dikwididi
Abattoir
constructed
at
P1.8m
104
CHAPTER ELEVEN
11 LABOUR AND HOME AFFAIRS
11.1 INTRODUCTION
The Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs is a key provider of a wide range of cultural and social
services that are essential for the social and economic development of the country. The Ministry
continues to employ the Performance Management System (PMS) in order to fulfil its mandate,
and a strategic plan for the period 2000 to 2006 has already been formulated. The plan intends to
address various challenges, amongst them, the mitigation of the impact of HIV/AIDS in the
society, as well as contributing to the realization of Vision 2016 pillars on “Creating an Educated
and Informed Nation, and Building a Productive Prosperous and Innovative Nation”.
11.1.1 Institutional Framework
The Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs is responsible for provision of culture and social
services and it is represented by several departments in the District, while Information and
Broadcasting falls under the responsibility of the newly created Ministry of Communications,
Science and Technology. The departments are as listed below:
Cultural Services are provided:

Botswana National Library Services

Culture and Youth

National Museum, Monuments and Art Gallery

Sports and Recreation
Social Services are provided by the following departments at the district:

Immigration and Citizenship

Civil and National Registration

Prisons and Rehabilitation

Labour and Social Security
Other institutions that provide social services are the Ministry of Local Government, through its
Social welfare and Social Benefits Divisions, Social and Community Development Department
of the District Councils as well as the Department of District Administration. The Ministry of
Communications, Science and Technology provides social services through the Department of
Information and Broadcasting.
11.1.2 Strategic Plans for Respective Ministries
Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs
The Ministry’s strategic plan is defined through the following strategic goals:

To improve customer satisfaction by providing services in an excellent, effective,
efficient and friendly manner.
105

To generate, acquire and disseminate information through efficient services for purposes
of education, research creation, personal empowerment and socio-economic
development.
Ministry of Local Government
The mandate of the Ministry Local Government is to provide basic physical and social
infrastructure through the provision of social protection systems. In the district the Departments
of Social and Community Development and Remote Area Development have a mandate of
providing social protection systems to those in need especially the vulnerable groups.
Ministry of Trade, Industry, Tourism and Wildlife
The mandate of the Ministry is to ensure conservation and promotion of sustainable utilisation of
Botswana’s wildlife resources as well as the commercial exploitation of its tourist attractions.
The ministry also ensures citizen entrepreneurship development.
11.1.3 Role of the Private Sector
Various Non Government Organisations (NGOs) and Community Based Organisations (CBOs)
continue to complement social and welfare services that are provided by government. These
organisations include, among others, the SOS children village, Botswana Christian Council,
Child line, and several other welfare providing NGOs.
In Mochudi, there is Metlhaetsile, which is an NGO whose mission is to protect the rights of
women. Botswana National Youth Council has also established an office in Mochudi, which
augments the services provided by Department of Youth and Culture.
11.1.4 Culture and Social Services Consultation Priorities
Culture and Youth Department in the district is operating with only one officer who covers the
whole district. This results in inefficiency of service delivery. This calls for an additional officer
in the district. Another issue raised during the consultations is lack of recreational facilities in the
district.
There is acute shortage of office accommodation for the staff of this ministry.
11.2 NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION
11.2.1 Community Based Natural Resources Management
The programme promotes the utilisation of natural and, cultural resources to improve the
standard of living of the communities. The Kgatleng the community is conserving and utilising
the Matsieng Foot prints site at Rasesa. It iscurrently utilised as a tourist resort.
11.2.2 Disability Policy
The policy proposes the integration of people living with disability into the main society. The
district has established special education units at Kgafela and Lenchwe Primary schools as well
as at Lenchwe CJSS. There is also the Pudulogong Centre for the blinds and Motswedi
Rehabilitation Centre for the disabled. The District Council through Health Department assists in
the rehabilitation of people living with disability by giving them equipment such as wheel chairs.
106
11.2.3 Policy on Destitute Persons 2002
The framework of the policy is to ensure that government provides minimum assistance to the
genuine destitute persons to ensure their good health and welfare.
11.2.4 National Youth Policy1996
The National Youth Policy is a framework for youth development in Botswana, which
endeavours to ensure that young women and men are given every opportunity to reach full
potential both as individuals and as active citizens in Batswana society. The policy addresses the
major concerns and issues that are critical for young people in Botswana and gives direction to
youth programmes and services provided by government and NGOs.
11.2.5 Policy on Women and Development 1995
The main goal of this policy is to achieve the effective integration and empowerment of women
in order to improve their status, enhance participation in decision-making and their role in
development process. This will be achieved through elimination of all negative economic, social
and cultural practices as well as inappropriate laws, enhancement of women’s health, provision
of education and skills training and promotion of gender awareness in development planning.
11.2.6 National Library Act 1967
This act was enacted in 1967 and calls for the provision of a comprehensive and efficient library
service to the public and provision of resources needed for fulfilling the service. The district has
got one library in Mochudi and has extended its services to the rest of the district through village
reading rooms, book box service and mobile libraries.
11.2.7 National Registration Act 1986
The act mandates the Division of National Registration to register all citizens aged 16 years and
above and those who become citizens through registration or naturalization for purposes of
issuing them with national identity cards (omang).
11.2.8 National Policy on Culture 2001
The act empowers the department of Culture and Youth to undertake activities that promote and
preserve culture and the general public to participate in cultural development. The district will
continue to undertake cultural activities and engage all stakeholders in order to preserve the
culture in the district.
11.3 LABOUR, CULTURE AND SOCIAL SERVICES
11.3.1 Sports and Recreation
Although the department of Sports and Recreation is not active in Kgatleng District, there are
some village sports teams run by the communities. There is a need for the department to
decentralise in order to be able to coordinate the district sports activities.
11.3.2 Culture and Youth
The department has managed to establish a district youth extension office in Mochudi during
NDP 8 with a view to enhance coordination of youth activities and provide financial assistance to
107
the out of school youth groups to start small businesses. The office has not managed to
adequately address the concerns of young people due to both manpower and financial constraints.
However, despite the limited funding for Out-of-School Youth Grant, 18 youth projects, which
include phone shops, music clubs, Performing Arts Clubs, and small businesses, were funded
between 2001 and 2002. The projects are operating quite well.
11.3.3 Museum
The Phuthadikobo Museum in Mochudi helps to preserve the culture of Bakgatla community. It
also generates and disseminates information to the community, as well as carrying out some
research.
11.3.4 National Library Services
The department, through the branch library in Mochudi, continues to provide information to the
nation and promote its utilization for research, educational and recreational purposes.
Due to lack of implementation capacity, an extension to Mochudi Library was not implemented
during NDP8.
11.3.5 National and Civil Registration
The department is responsible for the registration of births, deaths and marriages as well as
administration of the change of name act. It also registers all citizens aged 16 years and above
and those who become citizens through naturalisation for purposes of issuing them with National
Identity Cards.
Currently Omang office faces a challenge of making sure that applicants collect their cards and
reduction of the processing time for omang because most of the activities are still centralised.
11.3.6 Information and Broadcasting
The department continues to undertake the following: 
Interpretation of the policy and actions of government to the people by continuing
service on information and public relations.

To encourage and assist the people of Botswana to take an increasing interest in and
responsibility for the economic, cultural and political development of the country.

To advise government on public opinion and in the field of public relations in general
terms.
11.3.7 NGOs and CBOs
The Botswana National Youth Council managed to establish an office in Mochudi, which has the
mandate to oversee the activities of the District Youth Council, in liaison with the Department of
Culture and Youth.
108
11.4 LABOUR, CULTURE AND
OBJECTIVES FOR DDP6
SOCIAL
SERVICE
SECTOR
GOALS
AND
Table 11.1 Sector Goals and Objectives
Goals
Objectives
To improve efficiency in service delivery by
bringing cervices closer to the people
To improve office accommodation
To provide the district with information and
promote its utilisation for educational, research
and recreational purposes
To collect and preserve information on the
Botswana culture
To continue offering extension services in the
form of village reading rooms, book box services
and mobile libraries
To develop the library as a multi media resource
centre in order to cater for the needs of the
diversified communities served
To encourage and support sport and recreational
activities in the district
To ensure implementation of the action plan and
strategy for youth
To promote sport festivals
To empower women on their rights and
responsibilities in this changing society
To integrate women issue in development
planning
To promote and preserve culture and to create an
enabling environment for youth and the general
public to participate in cultural development in
the district
To improve access to financial assistance as well
as offer training for youth in business
11.5 FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
11.5.1 Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues With Sector Goals and Objectives
Table 11.2 Goals, Objectives, Environmental Key Issues and Impacts
Goals
Objectives
To improve efficiency in
service delivery by bringing
cervices closer to the people
To
improve
accommodation
To provide the district with
information and promote its
utilisation for educational,
research and recreational
purposes
To collect and preserve
information
on
the
Botswana culture
To
continue
extension services
form of village
rooms, book box
and mobile libraries
office
offering
in the
reading
services
To develop the library as a
multi media resource centre
Environmental
Key issues
Impact
Land
Management
Water supply
Waste
management
Land
degradation
Loss of
vegetation
Pollution
None
N/A
Land
management
Pressure on land
demand
Pressure on
water demand
Pressure on land
109
Goals
Objectives
To encourage and support
sport
and
recreational
activities in the district
Impact
in order to cater for the
needs of the diversified
communities served
Environmental
Key issues
Land
management
Water supply
To ensure implementation of
the action plan and strategy
for youth
Land
management
Water supply
Pressure on land
demand
Pressure on
water supply
demand
Pressure on
water demand
To promote sport festivals
To empower women on
their
rights
and
responsibilities
in
the
changing society
To integrate women’s issue
in development planning
None
N/A
To promote and preserve
culture and to create an
enabling environment for
youth and the general
public to participate in
cultural development in the
district
To improve access to
financial assistance as well
as offer training for youth in
business
Land
management
Pollution
and
waste
management
Pressure on land
demand
Littering
11.5.2 Evaluation of Sector Policies and Programmes
Table 11.3 Goals, Objectives, Policies/Programmes and Impacts
Goals
Objectives
Policies/Programmes
Impacts
To improve efficiency
in service delivery by
bringing
services
closer to the people
To improve office
accommodation
Civil
and
National
Registration Act
Youth Policy
National
and
Civil
registration in the district is
doing well in registering.
The Youth policy has also
had an impact in the
district. Some youth groups
have been formed. More
groups are still going to be
formed during the plan
period.
To provide the district
with information and
promote its utilisation
for
educational,
research
and
recreational purposes
To collect and preserve
information on the
Botswana culture
National Library Act
National Policy on
Culture
A large number of villages
have Village Reading
Rooms and it is the
intention of the district to
continue building these
facilities in other villages.
To continue offering
extension services in
the form of village
reading rooms, book
box
services
and
mobile libraries
Although there is a
Museum in the district
where some of the culture
is preserved, the district
still needs to do more in
terms of coming up with
culture
preserving
programmes and projects.
To develop the library
as a multi media
resource centre in order
to cater for the needs of
the
diversified
communities served
To
encourage
and
To
ensure
National Youth Policy
There is not much done in
110
Goals
support sport and
recreational activities
in the district
Objectives
implementation of the
action plan and strategy
for youth
To promote
festivals
Policies/Programmes
Impacts
terms of sports and
recreation in the district.
However there is a multipurpose
youth
centre
planned for DDP 6 which,
it is hoped will improve the
situation.
sports
To empower women
on their rights and
responsibilities in the
changing society
To integrate women’s
issues in development
planning
Policy on Women and
Development
Coordination of women
activities in the district has
been lacking because the
Department of Women’s
Affairs has not yet
decentralised to Kgatleng.
To
promote
and
preserve culture and to
create an enabling
environment for youth
and the general public
to
participate
in
cultural development
in the district
To improve access to
financial assistance as
well as offer training
for youth in business
National Youth Policy
The district still needs to
do more in terms of
coming up with culture
preserving
programmes
and projects. The district
will continue to assist the
youth financially and in
terms training.
111
11.6 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE THE LABOUR, CULTURE AND SOCIAL SERVICE SECTOR GOALS AND
OBJECTIVES
11.6.1 Proposed Projects
Table 11.4 Proposed Projects, Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Goals
Objectives
Proposed Projects
Potential Impacts
Mitigation Measure
To improve efficiency in service
delivery by bringing services
closer to the people
To
improve
accommodation
Construction
of
integrated office block
Pressure
on
land
demand
Loss of Vegetation
Pressure
on
water
demand
Over extraction of sand
and gravel
Carry out EIA
To provide the district with
information and promote its
utilisation
for
educational,
research
and
recreational
purposes
To
collect
and
preserve
information on the Botswana
culture
Extension
Mochudi
Library
Carry out EIA
To continue offering extension
services in the form of village
reading rooms, book box services
and mobile libraries
Establish Community
Information
Desk
within the Library
Acquire
Community
Information equipment
that would assist in the
collection, storage and
distribution
of
information
Explore the avenues for
incorporation
of
children’s services in
the mainstream of
library service.
Pressure
on
land
demand
Loss of Vegetation
Pressure
on
water
demand
Over extraction of sand
and gravel
Littering
Proper
waste
management measures
office
To develop the library as a multi
media resource centre in order to
cater for the needs of the
diversified communities served
of
the
Branch
Explore other means of
providing information
to other disadvantaged
library users
To encourage and support sports
and recreational activities in the
district
To ensure implementation of the
action plan and strategy for youth
Organise and stage
sports festivals in the
district
112
Goals
Objectives
To promote sports festivals
Proposed Projects
Potential Impacts
Construction of Multipurpose hall
Over extraction of sand
and gravel
Loss of vegetation
Pressure on land and
water demand
Mitigation Measure
Carry out EIA
To empower women on their
rights and responsibilities in the
changing society
To integrate women’s issues in
development planning
Decentralise Women’s
Affairs Department
None
N/A
To promote and preserve culture
and to create an enabling
environment for youth and the
general public to participate in
cultural development in the
district
To improve access to financial
assistance as well as offer training
for the youth in business
Seminars
workshops
Littering
Proper
management
and
waste
Conduct Youth Rallies
113
11.7 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR DDP6
11.7.1 Issues and Strengths for Culture and Social Services
The district has a well-focused strategy for the development of the youth, women and other
activities/services of the sector. The main limiting factor will be resources, both financial and
manpower, as well as time management.
11.7.2 Proposed Projects, Performance Targets, Development Budget and Plan Monitoring for
DDP6
Table 11.5 Proposed Projects, Performance Targets, Development Budget and Plan
Monitoring for DDP6
Proposed Projects
Performance
Targets
Budget
Plan
Monitoring
Construction of integrated office block
Office
Block
Constructed
P10m
Quarterly
Progress Reports
Extension of the Mochudi Branch
Library
Establish Community Information
Desk within the Library
Acquire Community Information
equipment that would assist in the
collection, storage and distribution of
information
Explore the avenues for incorporation
of children’s services in the
mainstream of library service.
Branch Library
Extended
P1.3m
Quarterly
Progress Reports
Explore other means of providing
information to other disadvantaged
library users
Organise and stage sports festivals in
the district
Sports
staged
Construction of Multi-purpose hall
Multi-purpose
hall constructed
Decentralise
Department
Women’s
Affairs
Department
Decentralised
Women’s
Seminars and workshops
Conduct Youth Rallies
Affairs
festivals
Seminars
and
Workshops held.
Youth
Rallies
Conducted
Quarterly
Progress Reports
P6m
Quarterly
Progress Reports
P70 000
Quarterly
Progress Reports
114
CHAPTER TWELVE
12 MINERALS, ENERGY AND WATER
12.1 INTRODUCTION
The Ministry of Minerals, Energy and Water Resources is responsible for overall policy and
operational matters pertaining to minerals, energy and water sector. In regards to water sector, the
main responsibility of the Ministry is to provide adequate, affordable and good quality water to
meet the basic needs of the population and the requirements of industrial, commercial and
institutional users, as water is a key element in sustainable development. The energy sector is
being implemented through the Energy Master Plan while the Mineral Sector is implemented
through the Minerals Act .
The goals and objectives of the aforesaid sectors are armatures on which the possibilities of
realising Vision 2016 pillar of “Prosperous, Productive and Innovative Nation” is met.
12.1.1 Institutional Framework
The ministry is represented by the Department of Water Affairs and the Botswana Power
Corporation as a parastatal responsible for all matters concerning the generation of, importation,
transmission and supply of electricity. At the district level the responsibility of providing water is
shared by the Department of Water Affairs, which supplies Mochudi and Kgatleng District
Council Water Department which supplies small villages and settlements.
12.1.2 Strategic Plans For Respective Ministries.
Ministry of Minerals, Energy and Water Resources
The Ministry in partnership with other stakeholders will provide reliable, adequate and good
quality water and energy services, and efficient administrative services for mineral exploitation,
development of cost effective and environmentally sustainable policies, programmes and
legislations.
Ministry of Lands Housing and Environment
The Ministry of Lands, Housing and Environment promotes environmental protection by
coordinating the implementation of the National Conservation Strategy and promoting
sustainable development in the country. It also provides services and information on surveying,
mapping and remote sensing that lay the foundation for physical planning and land
administration.
Ministry of Local Government
The Ministry of Local Government is responsible for basic physical and social infrastructure such
as provision of water. For DDP 6 to be successful there should be close coordination between
Ministries of Local Government and Minerals, Energy and Water Resources.
Water Utilities Corporation
A parastatal organisation that is given the responsibility to provide water to urban areas only.
However regarding Kgatleng District, water is provided from Bokaa Dam through the
Mmamashia Water Treatment Works (courtesy of the DWA) to Mochudi, Bokaa, Morwa, Pilane,
115
Rasesa and to Oodi, Matebele, Modipane. This is the water resource from the Letsibogo Dam
through the North-South Carrier, which has been handed over to the Water Utilities Corporation.
During NDP9 the water pipe from Mmamashia Water Treatment Works may be extended to
Mmathubudukwane as the MOH has plans to build a 50-bed-primary hospital, the office of the
President has plans to build a semi-urban police station in Mmathubudukwane. These require a
reliable water supply and this is the only reliable source available so far.
Ministry of Works and Transport
The Ministry provides efficient, cost effective, safe, reliable, sustainable and environmentally
sound infrastructure and services to international standards which will support government
strategies for the social and economic development of Botswana. In fulfilling the mission
statement there is need to use water and energy resources which calls for coordination between
this ministry and the Ministry of Minerals, Energy and Water Resources.
12.1.3 The Role Of The Private Sector
The private sector, especially the petroleum companies play a very vital role in ensuring the
supply of petroleum and its by-product to the District. They are concentrated mainly in Mochudi
where the market is very high. Provision of energy for cooking is also supplied by the private
sector, especially paraffin, cooking gas and fuel wood.
12.1.4 Consultation Priorities:
A concern was raised during the consultations regarding poor water quality in the River Villages.
Another concern raised was that of people who water their livestock from the public standpipes
and failure to control due to lack of strong byelaws to prevent it.
12.2 NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION
a. Minerals Act
In accordance with the minerals Act, the ownership of minerals is vested entirely on the state.
The act sets out administrative procedures and the issuance of reconnaissance and prospecting
licenses. Mining leases are given on account of mineral act. Mining prospecting licenses were
issued during DDP 5. The trend should continue during DDP 6.
b. Waste Management Act 1998
The Waste Management Act provides for the establishment of the Department of Sanitation and
Waste Management; to make provision for the planning, facilitation and implementation of
advanced systems for regulating the management of controlled waste in order to prevent harm to
human, animal and plant life; to minimise pollution of the environment, to conserve natural
resources.
c. Environmental Impact Assessment Act (Draft)
The Act is at a draft form and once passed it will ensure compliance, implementation and
monitoring. It will set environmental quality, emission and design standard for projects.
d. National Energy Master Plan
The overall aim of the plan is to supply energy as cheaply as possible and charge at opportunity
cost. The plan acknowledges that supply of energy is harmful to the environment such as use of
coal, petroleum and fuel wood. During DDP 6 the focus will be to use clean source of energy and
encourage the use of photovoltaic energy to rural villages that cannot be supplied with electricity
116
from BPC. It lays a framework for further development of water resources. As part of the NWMP
the district has been connected to the North South Carrier project and Gaborone and Bokaa
Dams.
e. Waste Water and Sanitation Policy
The overall purpose of the policy is to promote the health and well being of communities through
the provision of appropriate and sustainable waste water/sanitation management and to introduce
mechanisms for protection and conservation of water resources.
f. Tribal Land Act
It lays the foundation for land management in tribal areas. It is implemented in conjunction with
other acts like the Minerals Act and Water Act for proper land and water management.
g. Physical Development Plan
The Mochudi Planning Area Development Plan, and River Villages Development Plan have been
prepared and these plans outline provision of infrastructure such as sewerage and water works.
h. Wetlands Policy
This emphasizes the need to protect and manage all wetlands properly. It is important to ensure
that streams and river channels as well as bodies of water whether permanent or temporary are
protected from extinction. It is our hope that this will come to full realization during this plan
period.
i. Water Act 1968
The Water Act seeks to define the ownership of any right to the use of any water; to provide for
the grant of water rights and servitude. The district has through the DWA and Water unit of
District Council established impressive water systems in line with the Act.
12.3 MINING, ENERGY AND WATER
12.3.1 Mining Sector
There are no mining activities taking place in the district except for sand and gravel, which are
used in the construction industry for building roads and property development.
12.3.2 Energy Sector
The main sources of energy in the district are electricity from national grid, solar power, gas and
paraffin, diesel and wood. The principal energy source for cooking used by households in the
district is firewood.
12.3.3 Government Buildings
During DDP6 all government institutions will be required to use the various types of energy
available and should be supplied at least cost to the economy. In addition provision of such
energy should be conserving and protecting the environment.
12.3.4 Alternative Energy Sources
The only alternative energy sources that are appropriate for Kgatleng District and would be
affordable during DDP6 are;
117




coal energy
electricity
solar power
biomass
12.3.5 Energy Demand and Supply
The demand for energy for cooking and lighting is high although it is not possible to quantify it
for Kgatleng. The only issue that comes out is the question of installation cost, which may not be
affordable by the majority. The supply in some places is adequate to meet the demand as the
infrastructure is already laid out.
12.3.6 Water Sector
12.3.6.1
Water Supply
Water supply in Kgatleng district is the responsibility of DWA and Department of Water and
Waste Water under District Council. The district relies much on underground water and has
pockets of surface water in the form of dams. The supply meets the demand.
12.3.6.2
Water Conservation and Management
Water conservation measures are already being undertaken such as the already launched nationwide education and awareness campaigns together with the installation of prepaid water gadgets
will be continued during DDP 6. The Ministry intends to introduce legislation to encourage the
use of water efficient technologies, including the possibility of reusing waste water.
12.3.6.3
Water Protection
During DDP 6 the Ministry will pursue a policy of protecting all water sources from pollution as
part of effective management of our resources. Through the DGS some areas will be selected for
underground water studies to determine groundwater pollution levels and device remedial
measures.
12.3.6.4
Water Quality
Most of the water quality is good in the district except in the River Villages where proposal has
been put forward to connect the villages to Molatedi dam in Republic of South Africa.
12.3.6.5
Water Sources
During NDP8 a strategy that was developed for a conjunctive use of groundwater and surface
water to supply demand centres will be continued during NDP9. Villages that are now connected
to the North-South Carrier pipeline will continue to receive supply from both sources. It is said
that this will ensure that in case of need during drought years, the country knows how much
water it can take from these wellfields and for how long.
118
12.4 MINERALS, ENERGY AND WATER SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVE
Table 12.1 Sector Goals and Objectives
Goals
Objectives
Promote mineral potential development
To encourage prospecting
To use sand and gravel sustainably
To promote energy saving measures and use of
alternative source of energy
To put energy saving measure in government
institutions
To use solar and electricity as alternative to fuel
wood.
To conserve and manage water resources.
To reduce quantity of
acceptable level.
To supply sustainable and good quality water
Regular checking of water samples.
unaccounted
water
119
12.5 FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
12.5.1 Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives
Table 12.2 Goals, Objectives, Environmental Key Issues and Impacts
Goals
Objectives
Environmental Key Issues
Impacts
Promote mineral potential
development
To encourage prospecting
Natural Resource utilization
Land
Pollution and waste management
Littering
To use sand and gravel sustainably
Natural Resource utilization
Land
Land degradation
To put energy saving measure in
government institutions
Natural Resource utilization
None
To use solar and electricity as
alternative to fuel wood.
Natural Resource utilization
None
3. To conserve and manage water
resources.
To reduce quantity of unaccounted
water to acceptable level.
Water Supply
None
4. To supply sustainable and good
quality water
Regular checking of water samples.
Water Supply
None
2. To promote energy saving
measures and use of alternative
source of energy
120
12.5.2 Evaluation of Sector Policies and Programs
Table 12.3 Goals, Objectives, Policies/Programmes and Impacts
Goals
Objectives
Policies/Programs
Impacts
1. Promote mineral potential
development
To encourage prospecting
Minerals Act, Tribal Land Act
Nothing significant in terms of
mineral
development
except
granting of permits for prospecting.
Lack of control of illegal mining of
sand and gravel due to absence of
monitoring mechanisms.
To use sand and gravel sustainably
Minerals Act, Tribal Land Act
To put energy saving measure in
government institutions
National Energy Master Plan
Nothing done so far but only
awareness done.
To use solar and electricity as
alternative to fuel wood.
National Energy Master Plan
All council facilities where there is
no electricity, solar power is used
as an alternative. Liquid gas will be
used in the primary schools instead
of fuel wood.
3. To conserve and manage water
resources.
To reduce quantity of unaccounted
water to acceptable level.
National Water Master Plan
Introduction of prepaid metering
system and regular maintenance of
water supply systems. Reduction in
response to pipe breakage reports.
4. To supply sustainable and good
quality water
Regular checking of water samples.
National Water Master Plan
Regular checking of water samples
is currently being done.
2. To promote energy saving
measures and use of alternative
source of energy
121
12.6 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
Table 12.4 Proposed Projects, Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Goals
Objectives
Proposed
Projects
Potential
Impacts
Mitigation
measures
1. Promote mineral potential
development
To
encourage
prospecting
None
NA
NA
To use sand and
gravel sustainably
Identify,
designate
extraction
sites
Land
degradation,
soil erosion,
vegetation
loss
Carryout EIA
To
put
energy
saving measure in
government
institutions
Identify and
install
measures
None
NA
To use solar and
electricity
as
alternatives to fuel
wood.
Install
photovoltaic
electricity
None
NA
3. To conserve and manage
water resources.
To reduce quantity
of
unaccounted
water to acceptable
level.
Install
prepaid
metering
systems
None
NA
4. To supply sustainable and
good quality water
Regular checking of
water samples.
Regular
checking
water
samples.
None
NA
2. To promote energy saving
measures and use of alternative
source of energy
of
12.7 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR DDP 6
12.7.1 Issues and Strengths
Water situation in the district is fair to good. This is a strength in its own for the district. Supply
of energy is adequate.
Lack of enforcement mechanism to conserve water is the main weakness.
12.7.2 Proposed Projects, Performance Targets, Budget and Plan Monitoring
Table 12.5 Proposed Projects, Performance Targets, Budget and Plan Monitoring
Proposed projects
Performance targets
Development
budgets
Plan monitoring
1.Identify, designate
extraction sites for
sand and gravel
Extraction
identified
designated
Recurrent
Quarterly reports
2. Identify and install
energy
saving
measures
Energy
saving
measures installed
Not available
Quarterly reports
sites
and
122
Proposed projects
Performance targets
Development
budgets
Plan monitoring
Install
photovoltaic
electricity
Photovoltaic
electricity installed
Not available
Quarterly reports
Install
prepaid
metering systems
Prepaid
metering
systems installed
P259 584
Quarterly reports
Regular checking of
water samples.
Water sample checked
regularly
Recurrent
Quarterly reports
123
CHAPTER THIRTEEN
13 WORKS, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION
13.1 INTRODUCTION
The Ministry of Works, transport and communications is charged with the responsibility of
providing and maintaining public works, transport and communications infrastructure.
Infrastructure network is fundamental for the operation of efficient and sustainable economy
since it acts as a catalyst in the development process. Botswana’s fast economic growth is
attributed, among other things to good communication links. The ministry goals and objectives
are geared towards realisation of the aspirations of Vision 2016.
13.1.1 The Institutional Framework
At the district level, the ministry is represented by the Department of Roads, Road Transport and
Safety, Department of Architecture and Buildings, Central Transport Organisation and Electrical
and Mechanical Services. Parastatals that are operating in the district are Botswana Railways,
Botswana Post and Botswana Telecommunications Corporation.
13.1.2 Strategic Plans for Respective Ministries
Ministry of Works, Transport and Communications
The Ministry seeks to provide efficient, cost effective, safe, reliable, sustainable and an
environmentally sound infrastructure services commensurate with international standards which
will support government strategy and social and economic development of Botswana.
Ministry of Local Government
The mandate of the ministry is to improve the quality of life of Batswana by providing basic
infrastructure. This is achieved through providing rural roads infrastructure.
Ministry of Lands, Housing and Environment
The ministry is responsible for providing services in management and development of land and
promotion of environmental protection. To achieve this strategic plan the ministry will ensure
availability of land for provision of infrastructure and that EIA is carried out for development
projects.
13.1.3 The Role of the Private Sector
Construction work is normally contracted out to construction companies which are registered
with the Public Procurement and Asset Disposal Board (PPADB). Sometimes design and
supervision of major construction projects is let out to consultancy companies.
The private sector provides mobile telecommunications (cellular) services through cellular
companies such as Mascom Wireless and Orange. There are also public phones, which are
operated by private individuals in most parts of the District to service the general public as well
as providing a source of income for the owners. Both short and long distance passenger and
goods transport services are provided mainly by the private sector.
124
13.1.4 Works and Transport Consultation Priorities
During the consultation workshops, communities raised the following concerns as regards this
sector-:




They were concerned that although roads connecting smaller villages to Mochudi are
very important, they are not adequately maintained. They argued that this militates
against the desire to promote the symbiotic relationship between Mochudi as a market
centre and its production areas.
Construction of roads usually leads to flooding of adjacent properties as a result of
raising the roadbed without adequate culverts to allow free movement of water as
before.
Vandalism of public pay phones
Stray animals are prevalent in most roads
13.2 NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION
National Policies and Legislation which guide the operations for the Works, Transport and
Communications sector are as given below.
13.2.1 Roads Act (1997) Revised
The revised 1997 Road Act gives the Department of Roads authority to construct and maintain
primary and secondary roads. Further to this, the 1994 Road Maintenance Study categorised the
roads in a hierarchical order- thus determining which roads should be done by the district council
and which ones should be done by Central Government Roads Department.
13.2.2 Road Traffic Act
This act provides for the registration and licensing of motor vehicles, issuance of drivers licenses,
regulation of traffic and for enforcing penalties for road offences.
13.2.3 National Road Safety Policy
This is the policy that regulates and monitors road safety. It makes it mandatory for the formation
of District Road Safety Committees.
13.2.4 Telecommunications Policy 1995
This policy guides the operations of the Botswana Telecommunications Corporation and also
aims to achieve universal service and access, promotion of private sector participation in the
development of the industry, as well as liberalization of the industry.
13.2.5 Postal Services Act 1989
The Postal Services Act gives the Botswana Post legal status to facilitate independent
management and accountability to respond more efficiently and effectively to market
requirements. It also made it possible to accelerate postal developments and facilitate
customer access to postal services.
125
13.3 WORKS, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION
13.3.1 Roads
The road network in the district is fair to good. There are those roads which are built and
maintained by the district council and these will be dealt with under chapter 15.
In the District, the department managed to complete the dualling of Airport – Rasesa (Section I)
during the NDP 8 period. Section II of the road is still on-going and is expected to be completed
in November 2003.
Two gravel roads, Bokaa-Kopong and Pilane-Lentsweletau have been handed over to the
department by Kgatleng District Council for maintenance purposes and this will obviously
increase the workload of the department.
13.3.2 Road Transport and Safety
Vision 2016 has identified road safety as one of the priority areas in the quest to build a ‘safe and
secure nation”. This calls for better traffic flow, enforcement, road safety education, better
training and licensing, elimination of drunken driving, as the priority areas for policy
intervention.
The district Road Transport and Safety office is currently testing and issuing drivers licenses and
renews vehicle licenses.
While continuing with the on-going Road Safety Programme, a National Road Safety Strategic
Plan will be formulated to deal with road safety problems in a holistic manner. In support of the
road safety strategy, the department will provide Vehicle Testing Station and Driver Testing
Ground in Mochudi during the DDP 6 period.
The vision of the department is to promote and regulate efficient, effective, safe, sustainable,
customer oriented and environmentally sensitive road transport services to international standards
which will meet the social, economic and mobility needs of the citizens of Botswana, the SADC
region and beyond.
The successful completion of the planned network of VTS will facilitate introduction of six
monthly testing of public service vehicles (passenger and goods whose standards are rapidly
deteriorating). Mandatory testing of all vehicles over the age of three years will also be
introduced as a precondition of renewal of licenses.
Furthermore, a sufficient number of vehicle examiners will increase roadside testing of the
compliance of critical roadworthy requirements, including transit vehicles.
13.3.3 Botswana Railways
Botswana Railways is responsible for the provision of local and regional rail transport.
The predominance of road transport network within the country, limited geographical coverage
of the rail network and widespread availability of the private vehicles for shorter trips have
generated new travel patterns and drew passengers from the rail.
The railway line passes through the district and has mini stations at Artesia and Pliane. Due to
the unsatisfactory service, rail transport has become a less attractive transport mode for travel
within and outside the country. To promote the use of railways within an integrated transport
126
system, strategies that emphasises network expansion, better customer service both in terms of
speed and quality of service will be developed.
13.3.4 Central Transport Organisation
Major functions of the department such as vehicle maintenance and repair are undertaken by
Gaborone CTO. In the district there is only a fuel point at Pilane.
13.3.5 Telecommunications
BTC has an office in Mochudi which services most areas in the district. Since the adoption of the
Telecommunications Policy in 1995 followed by the liberalization of the industry, there has been
an increase in tele-density, availability of Information Communications Technologies (ICTs), and
improvement in the range of telecommunications services in the district. Further provision of
ICTs infrastructure and services, especially in rural areas is essential to accelerate the pace of
developments to achieve rapid integration of the country with the global economy. The
Government will continue to encourage the Botswana Telecommunications Corporation to
improve the existing service and provide service to the rural communities. Since the Government
subscribes to the policy of universal service and access, provision of funds to BTC to carry out
rural telecommunications programmes, which are not commercially viable will be continued
during DDP 6
13.3.6 Postal Services
Botswana Post functions as a commercial enterprise. Postal services are provided in competition
with private courier companies They play a key role in maintaining communication links
between the communities. It provides and operates postal services in Mochudi, Sikwane, Oodi.
However, there is need to carry out general maintenance of these post offices in the entire district.
There is also need to provide additional staff housing.
13.3.7 Works
The merger of the Departments of Architecture and Building Services and Electrical and
Mechanical Services (DEMS) is intended to improve service delivery to client Ministries.
Currently the Architecture and Buildings section is based in Mochudi while the DEMS is
operating from Gaborone. It is expected that the latter would relocate to Mochudi. It is hoped that
since the two departments will be restructured there will be better coordination as there will be
dedicated teams which contains all the skills required to carryout the various projects.
It is also hoped that through the extensive contracting out of work to the private sector progress
would be made towards achieving the sustainable growth and employment creation as envisaged.
13.4 WORKS, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION SECTOR GOALS AND
OBJECTIVES
The sector goals and objectives of the Works, Transport and Communication Sector are
derived from Vision 2016.
127
Table 13.1 Sector Goals and Objectives
Goals
Objectives
To improve road safety and extend the road life
span
To improve the quality of roads construction and
maintenance
To provide forward and a long term planning
framework for transport and communication
network
To provide better transport and communication
network
Improve the capacity of the merged DABS and
DEMS
To enhance efficiency and timely service delivery
13.5 FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
13.5.1 Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues
Table 13.2 Goals, Objectives, Environmental Key Issues and Impacts
Goals
Objectives
Environmental key
Issues
Impacts
To improve road safety
and extend the road life
span
To improve the quality of
roads construction and
maintenance
Land management
Water supply
Natural
resource
utilisation
Land
degradation,
Loss
of
vegetation,
Pressure
on
land and water
demand,
Over extraction
of sand and
gravel
To provide a forward and a
long
term
planning
framework for transport
and
communication
network
To provide better transport
and
communication
network
Land management
Water supply
Natural
resource
utilisation
Land
degradation,
Loss
of
vegetation,
Pressure
on
land and water
demand,
Over extraction
of sand and
gravel
Improve the capacity of
the merged DABS and
DEMS
To enhance efficiency and
timely service delivery
Land Management
Water supply
Pressure
on
land and water
demand
128
13.5.2 Evaluation of Sector Policies and Programmes
Table 13.3 Goals, Objectives, Policies/Programmes and Impacts
Goals
Objectives
Policies/Programmes
Impacts
To improve road
safety and extend the
road life span
To improve the quality of
roads construction and
maintenance
Roads Act
Road Traffic Act
Road Safety Policy
The district tried to
improve
traffic
flow through the
phase II project but
more needs to be
done
To provide forward
and a long term
planning framework
for transport and
communication
network
To provide better transport
and
communication
network
Roads Act
Road Traffic Act
Road Safety Policy
Telecomms Policy
Postal Services Act
The district has a
long
term
development plan
for
Mochudi
planning area, we
still need another
one
for
other
settlements
13.6 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE WORKS TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
Table 13.4 Proposed Projects, Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Goals
Objectives
Proposed
projects
Potential
impacts
Mitigation
measures
To improve road
safety and extend the
road life span
To
improve
the
quality
of
roads
construction
and
maintenance
-Construction of
Section II Airport
Circle- Rasessa
-Re construction
of
Mamashia,
Oodi – Mabalane
-Construction of a
driver
testing
ground
and
vehicle
testing
station in Mochudi
-Construction of a
weigh
bridge
(including office
and staff houses)
-Construction of
Matsieng
–
Dikgonnye bridge
-
Land
degradation,
Loss
of
vegetation,
Pressure on
land
and
water
demand,
Over
extraction
of sand and
gravel
Carry
EIA
To provide forward
and a long term
planning framework
for transport and
communication
network
To provide better
transport
and
communication
network
Preparation
of
settlement plans
NA
NA
Improve the capacity
of the merged DABS
and DEMS
To enhance efficiency
and timely service
delivery
Upgrading of the
DABS Depot
Loss
of
vegetation
Pressure on
water usage
Carry
EIA
out
out
129
13.7 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR DDP6
13.7.1 Issues and Strengths
Road transport and communication network in the district is fairly good, However the number of
road accident is still high despite the efforts of the District Roads Safety Committee to promote
road safety.
Performance of the sector will be adversely affected by shortage of skilled manpower as well as
ancillary staff. Poor performance of contractors is still a problem as some contractors continue to
abandon projects before completion.
13.7.2 Proposed Projects, Performance Targets, Budget and Plan Monitoring
Table 13.5 Proposed Projects, Performance Targets, Budget and Plan Monitoring
Project
Budget
Performance indicators
Vehicle
Testing Station
NA
Vehicle
constructed
Weighbridge,
office and Staff
houses
Driver Testing
Grounds
Airport Circle–
Rasesa II
MmamashiaOodi-Mabalane
station
Quarterly progress reports
Quarterly progress reports
8 992 000
Weighbridge, office and staff
houses constructed
Quarterly progress reports
15 million
Driver
Testing
constructed
98 million
36 million
testing
Plan Monitoring Programme
Grounds
Airport
Circle–Rasesa
constructed
II
Quarterly progress reports
Mmamashia-Oodi-Mabalane
constructed
Quarterly progress reports
Quarterly progress reports
Matsieng
Dikgonnye
Road bridge
NA
Matsieng
Dikgonnye
bridge constructed
Upgrading of
DABS Depot
Not
available
Depot upgraded
Road
Quarterly progress report
130
CHAPTER 14
14 LAW, JUSTICE AND SECURITY
14.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter deals with the security of the nation. It also describes the various institutions
associated with law, justice and security, and sets out strategies for DDP 6 with the view towards
realisation of Vision 2016: Sustainable and Diversified Development through Competitiveness in
the global markets.
14.1.1 The Institutional Framework
Institutions which have been mandated to make and enforce laws in the country are as discussed
below.
14.1.1.1
Parliament
Parliament, which was established under Chapter Five of the constitution is responsible for
enacting laws, authorising public expenditure, raising of national revenues and also serves as a
medium for representing and articulating the will, aspirations and needs of the people. It has the
House of Chiefs as its advisory body. Constituency offices were established in Kgatleng East and
West during DDP 5.
14.1.1.2
Administration of Justice
The Judiciary of the Republic of Botswana was established by Chapter VI of the constitution. In
Kgatleng District it is represented by the Magistrate Court. Customary law enforcement is the
responsibility of the Ministry of Local Government through Customary Courts. In Kgatleng there
is the main Customary Court in Mochudi and subsidiary courts in other villages.
14.1.1.3
Botswana Police Service
The Police is charged with the responsibility to protect life and property, prevent and direct
crime, repress internal disturbances, maintain security and public tranquillity, apprehend
offenders, duly enforce laws with which it is charged, generally maintain peace.
The Police district comprises 3 police stations, which are situated at Sikwane, Olifants Drift and
Mochudi.
14.1.1.4
Immigration and Citizenship
The role of the department is to protect society against the entrance, residence and movement in
and out of the country of people with undesirable behaviour and at the same time ensures smooth
passage of genuine travellers. It also offers immigration-related services such as passport service
and acquisition of citizenship to the public through its field office in Mochudi.
131
14.1.1.5
Prisons and Rehabilitation
The department is responsible for the safe custody and rehabilitation of people detained under the
law. It also monitors and recommends the existence of committees such as Parole Boards,
Prisons Councils, Prison visiting committees etc. Mochudi Prison is the only state prison in the
District.
14.1.1.6
Botswana Defence Force
The Botswana Defence Force was formed by an Act of Parliament in 1977, as a response to
guard against the spill over of conflicts in neighbouring states into Botswana. Since its
establishment, the Botswana Defence Force has played a significant role in security operations
and anti-poaching activities. It periodically undertakes patrols along the borders with
neighbouring countries and also mounts roadblocks to prevent entry of weapons from
neighbouring countries.
14.1.1.7
Independent Electoral Commission
The IEC, which was established by Section 65A of the constitution in 1997, has the responsibility
to ensure that elections of members of Parliament and Local Authorities are conducted
efficiently, properly, freely and fairly and thereby upholding one of national principles of
Botswana, which is Democracy. In the District IEC has an office in Mochudi covering the entire
district.
14.1.2 Strategic Plan of Respective Ministries
The Ministry of Local Government
Ministry of Local Government, through the District Local Authorities is responsible for enforcing
law and providing security and justice. It ensures understating of laws and policies that govern
the activities of customary courts through dissemination of information. It also ensures
satisfaction through acceleration of cases put before the customary courts.
Botswana Police Services
The mandate of the Botswana Police service is to provide a professional law enforcement service
for a peaceful, safe and secure nation; in partnership with the community.
Botswana Prisons Services
The Prisons Services is mandated with the provision of safe custody of prisoners through
improved prison facilities, reforms and adequate basic human needs. It is also mandated with the
responsibility to facilitate the rehabilitation of offenders through training and counselling.
Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs (Immigration and Citizenship)
The Ministry’s role is to protect society against the entrance, residence movement in and out of
the country of people with undesirable behaviour while at the same time ensuring smooth passage
of genuine travellers.
14.1.3 The Role of the Private Sector
The private sector normally participates in the provision of security services through various
security companies throughout the country.
132
Kgatleng District Council, as well as other private and parastatal institutions including private
citizens in the district, engages the services of such companies to guard their premises and
properties on a contract basis.
14.2 LAW, JUSTICE AND SECURITY
14.2.1 Parliament
During the NDP8/DDP5 plan period, government established constituency offices, which are
manned by the respective members of Parliament, who are assisted by the support staff who
perform administrative functions. The two constituency offices are located in Mochudi. The
offices were established to enhance accessibility of the two political representatives by their
electorates.
14.2.2 Administration of Justice
There is a magistrate’s court situated in Mochudi. During the NDP8 period the Record
Management System of the court was computerized and the intention is to integrate it with other
stakeholders’ systems such as Attorney General, Police, Prisons.
Construction of an office block and four staff houses in Mochudi started in April 2002 and has
been completed in April 2003. Successful completion of this project ensures adequate and
suitable office and residential accommodation for the staff of this department.
14.2.3 Customary Law and Courts
This is the institution that is dealing with enforcing customary law, presiding over criminal and
civil cases as contained in the court warrants. At Kgatleng, the Bakgatla Tribal Authority
headquarters is based in Mochudi.
14.2.4 Botswana Police Service
Botswana Police Service is committed to developing efficient and effective methods of reducing
crime and making the communities safer. The following is the crime statistics in the district.
Table 14.1 Offences in Kgatleng District for period 1997 to 2002.
Offences
Years
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Penal Code Offences
1777
1774
1956
2118
8809
2519
Traffic Offences
3841
4960
7181
6919
2420
9135
Other
399
505
396
287
787
1000
Total
6017
7239
9533
9324
12016
1265
4
Source: Botswana Police
NB:
1) Penal Code offences refers to all offences against persons and property
2) Other offences refer to offences such as possession of dagga, littering etc.
133
Although crime in all its form is intolerable , crime of particular concern to the district are
Penal code and traffic offences.
14.2.5 Prisons
The only Prison facility in the district is located in Mochudi. The Prisons Service has committed
itself to undertaking a number of initiatives. During the NDP8 period, the Prisons Act was
amended to allow the release of terminally ill inmates to be taken care of under the Home Based
Care Scheme.
14.2.6 Independent Electoral Commission
The Commission successfully conducted the 1999 general elections. Various government
officials were engaged to assist in the elections process throughout the District. Another major
achievement for the commission is the National Referendum on the Judiciary, which was
conducted in November 2001.
A voter apathy study was also commissioned in order to determine the factors behind the
diminishing voter turnout at elections. The findings will form a basis for voter education
strategies, which will be integrated into the larger voter education curriculum.
14.2.7 Immigration
The role of the department is to protect society against the entrance, residence and movement in
and out of the country of people with undesirable behaviour and at the same time ensures smooth
passage of genuine travellers. It also offers immigration-related services such as passport service
and acquisition of citizenship to the public through its field office in Mochudi.
14.3 LAW, JUSTICE AND SECURITY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
Table 14.2 Sector Goals and Objectives
Goals
Objectives
1. To provide a quality service to the
communities of Kgatleng by providing
for their needs and focus on the
reduction of crime including traffic
offences.
To reduce the level of preventable crime by 10%
To reduce traffic accidents by 5%
To reduce response time to report of crimes.
2. To increase public confidence in the
Police district personnel by developing
community style policing.
To enhance existing crime prevention activities.
To have improved cases disposal by 5% by the
end of plan period.
3. To promote greater access to justice
system
To provide appropriate infrastructure.
4. To combat the problem of illegal
immigrants
To design strategy for controlling illegal entry
into the country.
5. To improve security features of
passports.
To provide security facilities
134
14.4 FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
14.4.1 Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives
Table 14.3 Goals, Objectives, Environmental Key Issues and Impacts
Goals
Objectives
Environmental
Key issues
Impacts
1. To provide a quality
service to the communities
of Kgatleng by providing
for their needs and focus
on the reduction of crime
including traffic offences.
To reduce the level of
preventable crime by 10%
To reduce traffic accidents
by 5%
To reduce respond time to
report of crimes.
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Land
management,
water supply
Natural resources
utilization
Pressure on land,
water
and
overexploitation
of sand
and
gravel.
2. To increase public
confidence in the Police
district
personnel
by
developing
community
style policing.
To enhance existing crime
prevention activities.
To have improved cases
disposal by 5% by the end
of plan period.
3. To promote greater
access to justice system
To provide
infrastructure.
appropriate
4. To combat the problem
of illegal immigrants
To design strategy for
controlling illegal entry into
the country.
Land
management
Pressure on land
5. To improve security
features of passports.
To
provide
facilities
None
None
security
14.4.2 Evaluation of Sector Policies and Programs
Table 14.4 Goals, Objectives, Policies/Programmes and Impacts
Goals
Objectives
Policy/Program
Impact
1. To provide a
quality service to
the communities of
Kgatleng
by
providing for their
needs and focus on
the reduction of
crime
including
traffic offences.
To reduce the level of
printable crime by
10%
Botswana
Act
Much effort
has
been
done, though
rate of crime
is on increase
Police
To
reduce
traffic
accidents by 5%
Botswana
Police
Act and Road
Traffic Act
To reduce respond
time to report of
crimes.
Botswana
Act
Police
Number
of
accidents on
the rise even
though effort
is
commendable
A lot need to
be done.
135
Goals
Objectives
Policy/Program
Impact
2. To increase
public confidence
in the Police district
personnel
by
developing
community
style
policing.
To enhance existing
crime
prevention
activities.
Botswana
Act
Police
Committees
are
functioning,
public
confidence
improving.
Botswana
Act
Police
To have improved
cases disposal by 5%
by the end of plan
period.
Police
to
speed
up
investigation
process,
as
the
process
has
been
slow, hence
delay
in
disposing
cases.
3. To promote
greater access to
justice system
To provide appropriate
infrastructure.
Botswana
Constitution
Construction
of magistrate
court
done
during DDP 5
to
improve
access
to
judicial
services.
4. To combat the
problem of illegal
immigrants
To design strategy for
controlling
illegal
entry into the country.
Immigration Act
Currently
being
implemented,
as
Department is
doing
repatriation.
5. To improve
security features of
passports.
To provide security
facilities
Immigration Act
Security need
to
be
intensified to
protect
against fraud.
136
14.5 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE LAW, JUSTICE AND SECURITY SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
Table 14.5 Proposed Projects, Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Goals
Objectives
Proposed Projects
Potential Impacts
Mitigation Measures
1. To provide a quality
service to the communities
of Kgatleng by providing
for their needs and focus
on the reduction of crime
including traffic offences.
To reduce the level of
preventable crime by 10%
To reduce traffic accidents by
5%
To reduce response time to
reports of crimes.
Provide sufficient police
officers
None
N/A
Construction of 26 staff
houses at Olifant’s Drift
Land degradation
Loss of vegetation
Pressure on water and
Land demand
Over extraction of sand
and gravel
Carry out EIA
Construction of SemiUrban Police station & 60
staff
houses
at
Mmathubudukwane
Extension of VHF Radio
Trunking from Mochudi
to outer stations
“
“
Extension
of
microwave link
To enhance existing
prevention activities.
crime
“
Digital
“
2. To increase public
confidence in the Police
district
personnel
by
developing
community
style policing.
“
Form and support Crime
prevention Committees
Form
Neighbourhood
Watch Committees
“
None
N/A
None
N/A
None
N/A
Enhance consultation the
community
Purchase Vehicles
police stations
To have improved cases
disposal by 5% by the end of
plan period.
for
None
N/A
137
Goals
Objectives
Proposed Projects
3. To promote greater
access to justice system
To
provide
infrastructure.
4. To combat the problem
of illegal immigrants
To
design
strategy
for
controlling illegal entry into the
country.
appropriate
Completion
of
magistrate Court
the
Set up and Investigation
and Repatriation Unit
Potential Impacts
Mitigation Measures
Land degradation
Loss of vegetation
Pressure on water and
Land demand
Over extraction of sand
and gravel
Carry out EIA
None
N/A
None
N/A
Littering
Proper Waste Disposal
or recycling
Mount Border Patrols
5. To improve security
features of passports.
To provide security facilities
Computerisation
department
Immigration
of
the
of
Introduce
machine
readable passports
138
14.6 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
14.6.1 Issues and Strengths
The Police Service made a commendable effort during DDP 5 to improve their services
especially in reducing traffic offences by modernising the services. The Immigration
Department is faced with acute shortage of office space. The Police Service has also been
faced with shortage of staff in the entire district, which has affected its efficiency and
effectiveness.
Table 14.6 Proposed Projects, Performance Targets, Budget and Plan Monitoring
Proposed Projects
Budget
Provide sufficient police officers
Construction of 26 staff houses at
Olifant’s Drift
P7 150 000
Construction of Semi-Urban Police
station & 60 staff houses at
Mmathubudukwane
P40 000 000
Extension of VHF Radio Trunking from
Mochudi to outer stations
Extension of Digital microwave link
P1.5m
including
Digital
Microwave
Performance
Targets
Plan
Monitoring
Police Officer
recruited
26 staff houses
constructed
Quarterly
progress reports
Police
station
and staff houses
constructed
VHF
Radio
trunking
and
digital
microwave link
extended
Form and support Crime prevention
Committees
-
Committees
formed
Form Neighbourhood Watch Committees
-
Committees
Formed
-
Consultations
enhanced
Not Available
Vehicles
purchased
Quarterly
progress reports
Enhance consultation the community
Purchase Vehicles for police stations
Completion of the magistrate Court
Set up and Investigation and Repatriation
Unit
-
Mount Border Patrols
-
Computerisation of the department of
Immigration
Not Available
Introduce machine readable passports
Not Available
Magistrate
Court
Completed
Quarterly
progress reports
Investigation
and Repatriation
Unit set up
Quarterly
progress reports
Immigration
department
computerised
Quarterly
progress reports
139
CHAPTER FIFTEEN
15 LOCAL GOVERNMENT
15.1 INTRODUCTION
The Ministry of Local Government was born out of the split of the former Ministry of Local
Government, Lands and Housing into two separate Ministries of Local Government and that of
Lands and Housing. The role of the Ministry of Local Government is to provide service and act
as a link between Central Government and the local communities. The Ministry of Local
Government cuts across all sectors and through its core functions addresses all the pillars of
Vision 2016.
15.1.1 The Institutional Framework
The Ministry comprises six departments. These are: - District Administration (DA), Local
Government and Development (LG&D), Local Government Services Management (LGSM),
Ministry Management (MM), Sanitation and Waste Management (SWM) and Tribal
Administration (TA).
At the district level, the Ministry is represented by three Local Authorities, namely: District
Council, District Administration and Tribal Administration.
The Local Authorities have the major responsibilities of:



Providing basic physical and social infrastructure (e.g. water provision, primary school
and clinics construction) to local communities.
Coordination of activities of local government at district level.
Social Welfare and community mobilization to facilitate community participation in the
development process. In this regard, the Local Authorities have significant direct link
with people at grass roots and the government.
15.1.2 Strategic Plans for Respective Ministries
Ministry of Local Government
The Ministry of Local Government is mandated to create an enabling environment for
community development, provide basic infrastructure and social services as well as capacity
building for Local Authorities, related institutions and Local Communities.
Ministry of Health
The ministry is responsible for the health policy formulation and facilitating implementation of
the policy. It also has a duty to provide comprehensive, preventative, promotive, curative and
rehabilitative health care services. The Ministry maintains a surveillance system on the quality of
health care delivered by all agencies.
140
Ministry of Education
The Ministry’s mission is to provide quality education and training that is accessible to learners
of all age groups and to create opportunities for life long learning to enable individuals to attain
their full potential and to contribute to national socio-economic and technological advancement.
This will be achieved through efficient and effective management of the national education and
training system, development and implementation of relevant and responsive education policies
and provision of an enabling environment for learning.
Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs
The ministry’s strategic plan is to provide excellent customer service in labour administration,
trade disputes, correctional services, civil registration, immigration, sports, information, gender,
youth, national and cultural heritage.
Ministry of Minerals, Energy and Water Resources
The Ministry of Minerals Energy and Water Resources in partnership with other stakeholders
will provide reliable, adequate and good quality water. This will be achieved through a motivated
workforce developing and implementing equitable, cost effective and environmentally
sustainable policies, programmes and legislation.
Ministry of Works Transport and Communications
The ministry will provide efficient, cost effective, safe, reliable, sustainable and environmentally
sound infrastructure and services to international standards which will support other government
strategies for the social and economic development of Botswana.
Ministry of Lands, Housing and Environment
The primary responsibilities of the Ministry is managing land and related functions, facilitation of
national housing development programmes and promoting environmental management
throughout the country. Its key performance areas with respect to Local Government are,
availability and equitable distribution of land, housing delivery and home ownership and
environmental friendly conscious nation.
Ministry of Agriculture
The main responsibility of the Ministry of Agriculture is the promotion of agricultural
productivity through an effective and efficient service delivery system and training.
15.1.3 Parastatals
15.1.3.1
Botswana Power Corporation (BPC)
BPC strives to generate, transmit, distribute and supply electricity in the most safe, reliable,
effective, affordable and environmentally friendly manner to enhance the social and economic
well being of the nation.
15.1.4 The Role of the Private Sector
It is the intention of the Ministry of Local Government through the district councils to hive off
some of its activities to the private sector. Such activities include landfill management and rural
waste management. Other services like security services, office cleaning and landscaping will
also be hived off.
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15.1.5 Community Consultation Priority Issues
Community priority issues include poor storm water drainage system, poor roads together with
their maintenance. They also complained of the quality of water in the river villages, which is
very saline, and above all, they complained of accessibility to services and hence need to
establish a Sub District and additional Sub Land Board. Tribal Administration has poor building
facilities, which need further improvements and construction of new ones. Education facilities are
experiencing a backlog, especially teachers’ quarters. The last issue raised was slow
implementation of projects during last plan period, the communities were concerned that projects
were delayed, others deferred but no feedback was given to them.
15.2 NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION
15.2.1 District Administration
The Department was established by an Act of Parliament of 1965. It coordinates the District
Development planning process and in addition to other District Administration duties oversees
central government development activities in the district.
15.2.2 Township and District Act
District Councils were set up by establishment orders under subsidiary legislation, that is the
Local Government (District Councils) Act of 1965. This Act prescribed the establishment of
councils as bodies corporate and provided the basis for their constitutions, proceedings, staffing,
powers and duties, financial arrangements, suspension and dissolution.
The Council is responsible for the provision of Council Statutory services in the district. There
are several committees, which run the affairs of the Council. These committees then report to
the Kgatleng District Council.
15.2.3 Tribal Land Act (1968)
The Tribal Land Act was passed by Parliament in 1968 and came into operation in 1970. It
establishes the Tribal Land Boards and describes their boundaries. The Land Boards are body
corporate and are empowered by this Act to allocate or cancel any grant of land, authorize change
of land use and ensures that grantees abide by development covenants associated with grant of
the land. They are empowered under the Act to describe land use zones such as settlements,
grazing and arable land after consultation with the District Council.
15.2.4 Social Welfare.
The critical issues are destitution, orphan care and home based care programs. Orphan care and
home based care programs operate without policies. Orphan care programme operate under a
short-term plan of action pending preparation of a policy. Only destitution has a policy, which is
discussed below.
15.2.5 The Revised National Policy on Destitute Persons
The above policy is an amended policy and updated version of the policy that was introduced in
1980. The framework of the policy is to ensure that government provides minimum assistance to
the genuine destitute persons to ensure their good health and welfare.
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In addition to the above policies, there is a new policy called Early Childwood Education and
Development 2002 it provides nurturing of children, registration, monitoring of pre school
institutions that provides for their development.
15.2.6 The Revised National Policy on Education
The Revised National Policy on Education (RNPE) was approved by the National Assembly on
the 7th April 1994. This policy outlines the government’s reactions to the recommendations of the
Report of the National Commission on Education (1993) and lays down policy guidelines and
strategies for future educational development.
The goal of the Education Policy is to prepare Batswana for the transition from a traditional agrobased economy that the country aspires to.
Besides the demands of the economy, the
government considers access to basic education a fundamental human right. The education
system must develop moral and social values, cultural identity and self-esteem, good citizenship
and desirable work ethics.
The RNPE spells out the strategy for educational development whose long-term perspective is up
to 25 years groups in the society through the following main issues:






Access and equity
Effective preparation of students for life, citizenship and the world of work
Improvement and maintenance of quality of the education system
Enhancement of the performance and status of the teaching profession
Efficient management of the education system
Cost effectiveness and cost sharing in the financing of the education system
The role of the Ministry of Local Government is to provide infrastructure for primary schools,
maintenance of the schools and provision of rations.
15.2.7 Tribal Administration
The Tribal Administration operates under the following Acts:

Chieftainship Act: It recognizes traditional leaders as custodians of customary law.
These leaders are also empowered to cascade developmental issues to their tribes in
consultation with other three local institutions.

Local Police Act the Act is a legal instrument used for the appointment, dismissal and a
guide to local Police personnel.

Customary Court Act: the act guides the traditional leaders and staffs of customary
courts. It gives framework for grading the courts and stipulates the warrant of these
courts.
15.2.8 Village Development Committee Guidelines (2001 Revised)
Village Development Committees were established through a Presidential Directives in 1968 to
carry out development projects on a self-help basis. These committees rely on guidelines for their
operations. These guidelines are meant to help VDCs to work closely with their communities and
to help rekindle and revive their spirit of self-reliance, which seem to have diminished.
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15.2.9 Waste Management Act
The act spells out procedures for the creation of landfill sites, waste disposal sites and the general
sanitation in villages. It has already been stated that the threat to underground pollution exists in
the district. The district needs a clear waste management plan to be able to address the issues of
waste generation, storage and collection. Already there is a landfill constructed in the district at
Pilane and the other one will be constructed at Dikwididi during DDP6.
15.3 LOCAL GOVERNMENT
15.3.1 District Administration
It coordinates the District Development planning process and in addition to other District
Administration duties oversees central government development activities in the district. It has
offices in Mochudi. In terms of service delivery, it has been discharging its functions
satisfactorily.
15.3.2 District Council
The core functions of the District Council is to provide basic infrastructure and provision of
social services and promotion of community development. It provides basic infrastructure
through its departments which are as follows:

Council Roads Unit that is responsible for construction and maintenance of rural roads.

District Council water supply and waste water which is responsible for provision of
potable water and provision and maintenance of sewerage system.

Sanitation and Waste Management which is responsible for both solid and waste
management in the district.

Primary Education and Primary health provision that is charged with provision of
primary education facilities and primary health care facilities respectively.
Social services are given by the following Departments:

Social and Community Development administers programs such as home based care,
orphan care, early childhood, destitution and home economics and community
development.

Remote Area Development is charged with up-liftment of economic and social status of
remote area dwellers.

Self Help Housing Scheme is responsible for promotion of rural housing and home
ownership for the low-income group of people.
15.3.3 Tribal Administration
The Tribal Administration headquarters is located in Mochudi. There are 22 established
customary courts of records and 18 headmen of arbitration within the district. The department
administers customary law, upholds culture, maintains peace.
15.3.4 Land Board
The Land Board is responsible for administration of tribal land allocation, settlements of disputes
and land demarcation. Kgatleng Main Land is located in Mochudi with three Sub Land Boards at
Mochudi, Artesia and Mmathubudukwane.
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15.4 LOCAL GOVERNMENT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
Table 15.1 The Goals and Objectives of the Local Government
Goals
Objectives
To serve rural communities through provision of
effective basic physical infrastructure and social
services.
To improve and expand physical infrastructure,
i.e. water, roads, health and primary school
facilities etc
To uplift the socio-economic status of the RADs
To provide social safety nets for vulnerable
groups
To ensure community participation in all aspects
of Local Government and Development
To influence and reinforce the participation of
communities in district development
To promote rural development.
To create a conducive environment for potential
investors
To put to best use the Tribal Administration
System and customs for social harmony, order
and development
To improve the rate which cases are tried and
reduce the backlog of cases pending trials.
To bring the operation of local police at par with
Botswana Police.
To mobilize the communities on the need to
preserve their customs and traditions
To bring services closer to the people
To increase service stations in the district.
15.5 FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
15.5.1 Evaluation Of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives
Goals
Objectives
Environmental
Key Issues
Impacts
To serve rural communities
through
provision
of
effective basic physical
infrastructure and social
services.
To improve and expand
physical infrastructure, i.e.
water, roads, health and
primary school facilities
etc
Land
management
Water supply
Land
degradation,
pressure on water
supply,
over
exploitation
of
natural resources
and pollution
Natural resource
utilization
Pollution Waste
Management
To uplift the socioeconomic status of the
RADs
Land
management,
water
supply.
Natural
utilization
Land
degradation,
pressure on water
supply,
over
exploitation
of
natural resources
Littering
To provide social safety
nets for vulnerable groups
Pollution
and
waste
management
145
Goals
Objectives
Environmental
Key Issues
Impacts
To ensure community
participation in all aspects
of Local Government and
Development
To influence and reinforce
the
participation
of
communities in district
development
None
NA
To
promote
development.
rural
To create a conducive
environment for potential
investors
Land
management,
water,
natural
resource use
Land
degradation,
pressure on water
supply,
over
exploitation
of
natural resources
To put to best use the
Tribal
Administration
System and customs for
social harmony, order and
development
To improve the rate which
cases are tried and reduce
the backlog of cases
pending trials.
To bring the operation of
local police at par with
Botswana Police.
To
mobilize
the
communities on the need
to preserve their customs
and traditions
None
NA
None
NA
None
NA
Land
management,
water
supply,
natural resource
use
Land
degradation,
pressure on water
supply,
over
exploitation
of
natural resources.
To bring services closer to
the people
To
increase
service
stations in the district.
15.5.2 Evaluation Of Sector Policies and Programmes
Goals
Objectives
Policy/Program
Impact
To
serve
rural
communities
through
provision of effective
basic
physical
infrastructure and social
services.
To improve and expand
physical infrastructure,
i.e. water, roads, health
and primary school
facilities etc
District Council Act
Fairly good
To uplift the socioeconomic status of the
RADs
146
Goals
Objectives
Policy/Program
Impact
District
Council
Act, RADP
Fairly good
To provide social safety
nets for vulnerable
groups
District
Council
Act,
Destitution
Policy, Short Term
Action Plan for
Orphan Care
Council
VDC
Fairly good
To ensure community
participation
in
all
aspects
of
Local
Government
and
Development
To
influence
and
reinforce
the
participation
of
communities in district
development
District
Act,
guidelines
Fairly good
To
promote
development.
rural
To create a conducive
environment
for
potential investors
District
Council
Act, National Policy
on
Rural
Development
,
Industrial
Development Policy
Not much done,
during DDP 6 more
effort needed.
To bring services closer
to the people
To increase service
stations in the district.
Tribal Land Act
Three Sub Land
Boards not meeting
demand
15.6 STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SECTOR GOALS AND
OBJECTIVES
15.6.1 Proposed Projects
The proposed projects under this Ministry are many and varied. They range from primary school
facilities, primary health facilities, water reticulation systems, major village infrastructure, district
roads, customary courts construction, storage, and distribution facilities, etc. For detailed projects
refer to matrices.
15.6.2 Potential Impacts of Proposed Projects / Mitigation Measures
Major developments have impacts on the environment, and assessment of such impacts using
environmental assessment tools is necessary in order to undertake mitigation measures with
regard to the proposed developments.
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15.7 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR DDP 6
15.7.1 Issues and strengths
The main strength of the Local Authorities (LA) is that they are nearer to most of the
communities they serve as such they are familiar with community needs. It is against this
background that LA has other strength such as customer focused service, timely response to
community needs. However LAs are constantly faced with a lots of constraints which includes
the following; resource constraints in terms of manpower and finance, centralized decision
making, delay in project implementation which results in cost overruns. Lack of human resource
development strategy.
15.7.2 Development Budget for DDP 6 / UDP2
Development budget is discussed below and breakdown is contained in the matrices.
15.7.2.1
LG 101 Local Authorities Infrastructure Maintenance
Over the years, government has invested heavily in the provision of infrastructure such as roads,
schools, staff houses, health facilities and others. This infrastructure requires extensive
maintenance. Due to a huge backlog of such maintenance in infrastructure stock countrywide, a
new development project was created during NDP 8 to clear the backlog in Local Authorities.
Implementation of project will continue during NDP 9 / DDP 6 and completion is expected
within the first three years of the plan period. Thereafter, maintenance will be covered under the
normal recurrent budget.
TOTAL ESTIMATED COSTP 5, 416 Million
15.7.2.2
LG 104 Ministry / Local Authority Fleet Development
The objective of this project is to provide vehicles for the Ministry of Local Government and
Local Authorities. The Districts activities increased tremendously during the past plan period,
thus increasing the demand for transport. Shortage of transport often causes serious delays in
provision of services to the society at large.
Specialised and custom made vehicles like ambulances, clinical waste, vacuum tankers, refuse
trucks etc will be procured under their respective projects.
TOTAL ESTIMATED COST P 2, 708 Million
15.7.2.3
LG 301 Storage And Distribution Facilities
This project provides funding for storage and distribution facilities for supplementary feeding.
Due to prolonged drought periods and population growth, the number of beneficiaries assisted
with supplementary feeding has increased. A warehouse will be built in Mochudi as a differed
project from NDP 8.
TOTAL ESTIMATED COST P 3, 954 Million
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15.7.2.4
LG
901 Customary Courts
This project provides funding for construction of offices, requisite furniture, equipment and
transport for the customary courts. During NDP 9 / DDP 6, the main focus will be on the
eradication of the backlog and provision of transport, furniture and communication
network. In addition, new courts will be complimented with residential accommodation /
houses as a package. Old and dilapidated offices will be renovated, extended and provided
with requisite facilities. Additional staff will also be deployed to various customary courts.
TOTAL ESTIMATED COST P 8, 254 Million
15.7.2.5
LG 1102 Primary Education
During NDP 8 / DDP 5 the objective of this project was to clear the backlog of classroom,
teachers’ quarters and toilets. The major goal for NDP 9 / DDP 6 is to continue implementing the
Revised National Policy on Education. The target is that all classes should have classrooms and
that all teachers should have accommodation. The classroom construction target is based on a
revised pupil – teacher ratio of 30:1. Other related facilities such as RADs hostels, administration
blocks, toilets, libraries, kitchens and storerooms and buses will also be provided.
TOTAL ESTIMATED COST P 36,109 Million
15.7.2.6
LG 1103 Recreational Facilities
Local Authorities have statutory responsibility for the establishment of recreational
facilities within their areas of jurisdiction. The objective of this programme is to provide
funding for the construction of public parks, construction of multi purpose halls and
purchasing of playground equipment. Recreational facilities have previously received little
attention particularly in the District Councils. The increasingly high demand for
recreational services countrywide has made it imperative to create a stand alone
recreational facilities programme in order to promote their provision and management.
TOTAL ESTIMATED COST P 2,853 Million
15.7.2.7
LG 1104 Primary Health Facilities
This programme provides funds for construction of clinics, health posts, maternity wings,
nurses houses and incinerators. It also purchases ambulances and furniture and equipment
for health facilities. Provision of the above mentioned facilities and equipment has
improved accessibility to primary health facilities countrywide. Notwithstanding the
successes achieved in providing health infrastructure, optimal utilization of the facilities
was hampered by acute shortage of nurses particularly midwives. This scenario tendered to
undermine the objectives of the primary health policy, as some completed facilities either
operated with skeletal staff or were not operating at all.
TOTAL ESTIMATED COST P 10, 327 Million
15.7.2.8
LG 1105 Rural Administration Centres And Offices
This project provides funding for the construction of integrated office blocks for both Central
Government and Local Authorities at district and sub district headquarters together with council
chambers. The project will continue to provide funding for construction of new RAC in Mochudi
149
(if need be) and service centers in line with the 2ND local Government Commission to improve
accessibility to services in the districts.
TOTAL ESTIMATED COST P 50,272 Million
15.7.2.9
LG 1106 Remote Area Development Programme
The programme provides funds for physical infrastructure such as health facilities and water
aimed at capacity and institution building, promotion of productive rural employment, and
research activities for the Remote Area Dwellers (RADs). Although significant achievements of
infrastructure provision have been made in recognized settlements, the programme still lags
behind in improving the economic status of the RADs. RADs continue to face problems such as
poverty, insecurity, high illiteracy, weak institutions and leadership and negative public attitudes.
During NDP 9 / DDP 6 basic infrastructure development will be continued although efforts will
be made to graduate some RADs settlements to village status. There will be emphasis on land
rights and improved shelter, employment and income generating opportunities among the RADs.
TOTAL ESTIMATED COST P 4, 279 Million
15.7.2.10
LG 1107 Labour Intensive Public Works Programme
The objective of this project is to generate employment by using labour intensive and simple
tools to construct and maintain public facilities. During DDP 6, the project will continue to
provide a source of income for the most vulnerable members of our communities by employing
simple tools to construct and maintain public facilities and others.
TOTAL ESTIMATED COST P 6, 811 Million
15.7.2.11
LG 1108 National Rural Sanitation Programme
The project’s objective is to reduce incidences of diseases related to poor sanitation and hygiene.
This is to be achieved through provision of latrine sub structures based on self – help and
subsidized basis to rural households. Additionally, in major villages the programme provides for
the construction of sanitary landfills for safe disposal of solid wastes.
In keeping up with rapid growth of major villages, there is need to continue with construction of
additional latrines during this plan period. Other components include procurement of waste
management vehicles and equipment, provision of sludge digesters and drying beds. The project
will also provide funds for upgrading and construction of major village sewerage infrastructure.
TOTAL ESTIMATED COST P 23, 994 Million
15.7.2.12
LG 1109 Community Projects
This programme aims at improving the economic and social welfare of people in the rural and
urban areas, through:

Strengthening local institutions’ (Village / Ward Development Committees and others)
ability to plan and implement development projects.

Improving communication between village and district level institutions as well as urban
centers
150

Promoting productive and employment generating activities through the Micro Project
Programme (MPP) and the pilot component.
This project has five components, which include small infrastructure projects, logistical support
and training for village and ward institutions as well as extension staff, a pilot scheme and block
grant.
During DDP 6 funds will continue to be availed to support projects initiated and implemented by
Village and Ward Development Committees.
Another major and complimentary component of this programme is Micro Projects Programme
(MPP). The MPP has continued to gain popularity with communities and Non Governmental
Organisations. In this plan period emphasis will shift away from the infrastructure projects to
income generating projects.
TOTAL ESTIMATED COST P 5, 726 Million
15.7.2.13
LG 1110 Village Water Supply And Sewerage
The District Councils are currently operating and maintaining rural village water supply schemes.
Tremendous strides have been made in project management activities and in enhancing the
capacity of District Councils by providing the necessary infrastructure, such as offices and
workshops, logistical support services in the form of vehicles, plant and equipment.
During DDP 6 the project will provide funds for the upgrading and rehabilitation of rural village
water supply schemes and also the provision of water borne sewerage facilities for secondary
villages. In addition the project will provide funding for the capacity building of District Councils
to efficiently operate and maintain both water supply and sewerage schemes, as well as gradually
take part in some of the upgrading and rehabilitation activities currently being done by the
Department of Water Affairs.
TOTAL ESTIMATED COST P 23, 752 Million
15.7.2.14
LG 1111 Village Infrastructure
This project funds construction of stormwater drainages, internal roads and provision of street
lighting in village to make the viable locations for investment.
The most substantial drawback encountered in the implementation of projects has been the
existing unplanned pattern and structure of land allocation and developments. This has made
developments very costly as either the buildings and other structures have to be relocated after
being compensated for or additional infrastructural developments have to be built around such
buildings and structures. This pattern has necessitated that new and more organized village plans
be prepared to ensure cost effective developments.
TOTAL ESTIMATED COST P 85, 501 Million
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15.7.2.15
LG 1112 Municipal Services
This is the programme that provides funding for specific programmes like market stalls, fire
stations and services, cemeteries, bus ranks, public parking areas, mechanical workshops,
Mayor’s and Council Chairperson’s houses etc.
TOTAL ESTIMATED COST P 9, 027 Million
15.7.2.16
LG 1115 District Roads
The aim of this project is to construct and maintain access, tertiary, secondary and primary roads
in remote, rural and urban areas using all sources of labour and capital intensive methods. The
major thrust of this project is to implement the recommendations of the Botswana Roads
Maintenance Study. The study apportioned the responsibility for construction of roads between
Local Authorities and Roads Department (Ministry of Works, Transport and Communications).
Primary and Secondary roads are the responsibility of Roads Department while tertiary and
access roads are the responsibility of Districts and Urban Councils.
Local Authorities will be responsible for the implementation of this project and will continue to
use private contractors for road construction and maintenance work where possible in order to
avoid the need for any significant purchase of heavy road construction equipment.
TOTAL ESTIMATED COST P 38, 217 Million
TOTAL ESTIMATED COST FOR KGATLENG DISTRICT = P 317, 199 Million
15.8 PERFORMANCE TARGETS AND PLAN MONITORING PROGRAMME
Success indicators under this Ministry will be the number of completed structures and/or projects
versus the proposed projects per financial year.
The midterm review exercise of the plan will also be an indicator in itself because it will reveal
the overall performance of the Ministry. Quarterly progress report will be a tool to monitor
progress.
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CHAPTER SIXTEEN
16 CONTINGENCY PLANNING
16.1 INTRODUCTION
Contingency planning is a process that involves the anticipation of disaster with a view to remain
ever ready to apply mitigation measures.
“Disaster preparedness” whose main goal is to
safeguard life and property, is considered to be an aspect of contingency planning. This is in line
with the Vision 2016 pillar which aspires for “A Safe and Secure Nation”. Since most if not all of
the known disasters are neither predictable nor preventable therefore, “Disaster relief” is a very
important aspect of disaster preparedness. From the “Development” point of view, Disaster
should be managed; hence the phrase “Disaster Management”, which is regarded as a
development activity. Disaster management basically aims at protecting development from
Disasters; hence the approach is to firstly, attempt to anticipate disaster, then predict occurrences,
prevent predicted occurrence, application of mitigation measures, rehabilitation and
reconstruction. This is of course a development process.
In Botswana we have been affected by various kinds of disasters including drought, floods, fires,
epidemics, accidents at some level, national or sub-national. Government adopted a National
Policy on Disaster Management in 1996.
16.1.1 Institutional Framework:
A National Disaster Management office (NDMO) was established in 1998, as a unit in the Office
of the President, to coordinate disaster planning, preparedness, mitigation response and recovery.
At district level management of the disaster is coordinated by the District Disaster Management
Committee that was formed in 1999. The committee is mandated to prepare a district disaster
management strategy, which it has not yet done.
Although the National Policy on disaster management is meant to be all embracing, its inception
was preceded by a well developed Drought Management Structure that is still in operation.
Under this arrangement, there is the District Drought Relief Committee (DDRC) which amongst
other responsibilities, is mandated to prepare District Drought situation report for presentation at
a joint meeting with Inter-Ministerial Drought Committee which tours the whole country visiting
each district to assess the Drought situation and subsequently reports to the (IMDC). IMDC in
turn reports to the Rural Development Council (RDC). RDC reports to cabinet and finally it is
the Head of State who delivers the message on drought situation to the nation.
Parallel to the above two structural elements, there is a legislative provision namely, Sub-herbage
Preservation Act, which in the case of outbreak of veldt fire mandates the District Commissioner
or Chief, to summon members of the public to go and fight the fire. If a member of the public
was to evade such a duty call, would be punishable under the law.
In the case of a domestic fire outbreak, the District Council is expected to respond in attempt to
extinguish it; the army and or police are relied upon for rescue service.
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16.1.2 Strategic Plans For Respective Ministries
Ministry of Local Government
The Ministry of Local Government Strategic Plan has been developed to assist its leadership to
establish the direction the ministry should take and guide its members to envision its future and
develop the necessary procedures and operations to achieve the preferred future of excellence and
continuous improvement. One of the Ministry’s strategic goals is to ensure customer satisfaction
through quality service delivery. It also seeks to improve community quality of life of Batswana
by coordinating and providing basic infrastructure and social services.
In terms of the disaster management in the district, this will be achieved by timely
implementation of projects and activities aimed at reducing the impact from future disasters and
vulnerability of the population. It will also ensure that effective disaster preparedness measures
are in place to cope with disasters. And that emergency responses and recovery initiatives are in
place when disasters occur.
Ministry of Lands Housing and Environment
The Ministry of Lands and Housing will foster environment friendly practices through
formulation, review and facilitation of implementation of relevant environmental policies and
legislations. This will assist in wise management of the environment as the ministry will promote
environmental education through public awareness programmes will review environmental
policies in order to promote environmental friendly practices. The National Conservation
Strategy Agency (NCSA) has embarked on nationwide tours that target District Development
Committees to create awareness of bio-diversity and sustainable development issues.
Ministry of Presidential Affairs
The role of the ministry is coordination of the disaster management issues through the Disaster
Management Office. It also has key players like the Botswana Police and the Botswana Defence
Force. The ministry will ensure a high state of the disaster preparedness and capacity at national,
district and community levels to ensure effective, appropriate and timely response to any disaster
that may strike. It will also oversee the activities of responsible sectors to ensure that mitigation
programmes are integrated into their plan.
16.1.3 Drought and Food Relief Management
As drought is endemic in Botswana, there is need to continually monitor and update planning and
provision for drought relief. The growing population and expanding number of primary schools
and clinic facilities encourages the need for infrastructure and logistical support to enable even
larger volumes for relief food to be stored and distributed efficiently in the district. Effective
coordination of food relief, agricultural support, emergency water supplies and labour intensive
public works will be a priority for all levels of the government and affected communities
themselves.
16.1.4 The Role of the Private Sector
The private sector as a partner with government is expected to play an active role in the
management of disasters, as they are also members of the District Disaster Management
Committee. They will also be expected to assist in providing relief measures in times of disasters.
As such there is a need to increase collaboration with the private sector, in this regard awareness
creation will remain an important tool in reaching the private sector.
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16.1.5 Disaster Relief Sector Priorities








Drought and famine due to unreliable and erratic rainfall
Farming on marginal lands due to lack of good alternative land.
Veldt and domestic fires outbreak, both natural and man-made. The district does not
have fire fighting equipment.
Shortage of potable water due to the erratic nature of rainfall the water table is getting
depleted. Where there is ground water it is mostly not enough.
Sewage water management. The district has several sewerage ponds that are expected to
produce quite a large amount of effluent. This is a potential pollutant.
Pollution to a lesser extent. Veldt fires and refuse burning reduce air quality. Land and
soil pollution takes place through littering and landfills. Surface and ground water
pollution through effluent discharge and hazardous chemical disposable is on the
increase.
Animal disease outbreaks. The outbreak of livestock diseases negatively impacts on the
district.
Waste Management. The district does not have waste management guidelines.
16.2 NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION
16.2.1 National Disaster Master Plan (Draft)
The National Disaster Master Plan guides all levels of disaster management and mitigation. It
lays the framework for establishment of the district Disaster Management Committee. It also
calls for the establishment of Village Disaster Management Committees. This move will enable
the district to have coordinated disaster plans and pave way for their implementation. It will also
help in monitoring disaster activities in the district and reduce duplication of duties.
16.2.2 Food Security Strategy





The National Food Strategy lies down the broad framework within which the national
and households food and economic security processes and activities are to be carried
out. The scope of the strategy is as follows
Improvements in socio-economic security at the national level
Providing economic access to food for households by attainment of a broad based
income security.
Assurance of households security through availability of national food imports and
production.
Guarantee food safety and nutritional security.
Within the scope of this strategy, there will be a joint responsibility reflecting the tripartite
partnership of government, private sector and households in the provision of security of
availability and access to nutritionally safe and adequate food.
16.2.3 National Policy on Disaster Management
The policy emphasises the need to establish and maintain systems for dealing with disasters other
than drought and integrates these systems into normal on going development activities at
155
national, district and local level. It creates a framework which facilitate the preparation of plans
and legislations for effective implementation of disaster management and its legitimacy.
16.3 CONTINGENCY PLANS
16.3.1 Drought Relief
Under the current system, whenever drought is declared, the Ministry of Finance and
Development Planning issues a special warrant to fund the Drought Relief program. This is of
course a planning anathema as it upsets the budget.
During DDP 5 the prevalence of drought dominated the planning period. Consideration should
also be given to the evident contributions the drought projects have made in our development
endeavour. Nonetheless, it should be our persistent attempt to pursue under drought, incomegenerating projects. The drought program has great potential with some tuning and refinement
of yielding positive results in the effort to redress unemployment and poverty.
16.3.2 Food Relief
The basic essence of food relief services is to administer supplementary feeding to vulnerable
group members of our society. Expressed in terms of Vision 2016, the idea is to extend
compassion, justice and care to the vulnerable members of the society.
During DDP5 the district continued to experience problems of inadequate storage facilities and
transportation as in the proceeding planning period. The reason for that was simply because the
planned project of constructing a warehouse during DDP5 did not materialise. The project has
been proposed for implementation during DDP6. The warehouse will be properly furnished with
appropriate equipment for convenient safe and secure operation. Furthermore, a ten-ton truck
will also be purchased. This will add to the existing fleet of three that has proved to be adequate.
As a contingent, the provision to hire private transport should remain open
16.3.3 Disaster Relief
Within the framework of Vision 2016, the National Policy on Disaster Management has
determined the need to establish disaster contingency fund. The focus will then be on the
preparation of an inventory of past, present and future disaster threats for the various
communities district wide.
It would then be meaningful to conduct community disaster
sensitization/educational campaigns for the residents as a preparatory measure. These efforts
would have to be complemented by deliberate effort in design of development projects to ensure
that they are as much as possible disaster proof. By so doing we will accomplish Vision 2016
ideal of ‘a safe and secure nation’.
156
16.4 CONTINGENCY PLANNING SECTOR GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
Table 16.1 Sector Goals and Objectives
Goal
Objectives
1. To reduce incidence of veldt fire outbreaks
To educate the community of the dangers of veldt
products at monthly farmers’ committees
To construct and maintain fire breaks quarterly
2. To reduce effects of floods on people
Public awareness
Map evacuation routes
Identify areas prone to floods
To relocate people from disaster prone areas.
To design flood sensitive infrastructure plans
To build storage facilities for disaster relief
material.
3. To reduce the incidence of diseases outbreaks
Intensified public awareness by all stakeholders
through workshops
Proper animal husbandry practices
4. To integrate disaster mitigation strategies into
development plans
Annual plans to have disaster management
priorities.
5. To improve collaboration of public sector and
private sector in disaster management
Revive disaster management committees and
bring on board private sector
Frequent refresher workshops for all stakeholders.
16.5 FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
16.5.1 Evaluation of Environmental Key Issues with Sector Goals and Objectives
Table 16.2 Goals, Objectives, Environmental Key Issues and Impacts
Goal
Objectives
Environmental
Key Issue
Impact
1. To reduce incidence
of veldt fire outbreaks
To educate the community
of the dangers of veldt
products
at
monthly
farmers’ committees
To construct and maintain
fire breaks
Pollution and
Waste
Management
Littering
Land
Management
Natural
Resource
Utilisation
2. To reduce effects of
floods on people
Public awareness
Identify areas prone to
floods and map evacuation
routes
Pollution and
Waste
Management
None
Pressure
Land
natural
resource
on
and
Littering
N.A
None
157
Goal
Objectives
Environmental
Key Issue
To design flood sensitive
infrastructure plans
To build storage facilities
for disaster relief material.
3. To reduce the
incidence of disease
outbreaks
Impact
N/A
Land
Management
Natural
Resource
Utilisation
Pressure
on
land and water
demand
Intensified
public
awareness
by
all
stakeholders
through
workshops
Proper animal husbandry
practices
Pollution and
Waste
management
4. To integrate disaster
mitigation
strategies
into development plans
Annual plans to have
disaster
management
priorities.
None
N/A
5.
To
improve
collaboration of public
and private sectors in
disaster management
Revive
disaster
management
committees
and bring on board private
sector
Frequent
refresher
workshops
for
all
stakeholders.
None
N/A
Pollution and
Waste
Management
Littering
Land
Management
Natural
Resource
Utilisation
Littering
Pressure
on
land and water
demand
Pressure
on
Natural
Resources
16.5.2 Evaluation of Policies and Programmes
Table 16.3 Goals, Objectives, Policies/Programmes and Impacts
Goal
Objectives
Policies/Programs
Impact
1. To reduce incidence
of veldt fire outbreaks
To educate the community
of the dangers of veldt
products
at
monthly
farmers’ committees
To construct and maintain
fire breaks
Sub-Herbage
Preservation Act
The policies
have
been
implemented
fairly
good
because there
are firebreaks
constructed in
the district
Identify areas prone to
floods and map evacuation
routes
National Policy on
Disaster
Management
To design flood sensitive
infrastructure plans
To build storage facilities
for disaster relief material.
National Policy on
Disaster
Management
2. To reduce effects of
floods on people
Agricultural
Resources Act
Nothing much
has been done
regarding this
policy.
The
disaster
management
structure is too
centralised
158
Goal
Objectives
Policies/Programs
Impact
National Policy on
Disaster
Management
3. To reduce the
incidence of diseases
outbreaks
Intensified
public
awareness
by
all
stakeholders
through
workshops
Proper animal husbandry
practices
National
Agricultural
Development
Policy
Fairly Good
4. To integrate disaster
mitigation
strategies
into development plans
Annual plans to have
disaster
management
priorities.
National Policy on
Disaster
Management
Fairly good
5.
To
improve
collaboration of public
sector and private
sector
in
disaster
management
Revive
disaster
management
committees
and bring on board private
sector
Frequent
refresher
workshops
for
all
stakeholders.
National Disaster
Management
Policy
Fairly Good
16.6 PROPOSED PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES
Table 16.4 Proposed Projects, Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Goal
Objectives
Proposed
Project
Potential
Impacts
Mitigation
Measures
1. To reduce
incidence
of
veldt
fire
outbreaks
To
educate
the
community of the
dangers
of
veldt
products at monthly
farmers’ committees
To
construct
and
maintain fire breaks
Conduct
workshops
Littering
Proper
waste
disposal
Construction
of
Fire
breaks
Pressure on
land
and
Natural
resources
Carry
SEA
Collect
inventory of
areas prone
to floods and
map
evacuation
routes
None
N/A
None
None
2. To reduce
effects of floods
on people
Identify areas prone to
floods
and
map
evacuation routes
To
design
flood
sensitive infrastructure
plans compliant to
floods
To
build
storage
facilities for disaster
relief material.
Building
plans must
comply
to
safety
measures
out
159
Goal
Objectives
Proposed
Project
Potential
Impacts
Mitigation
Measures
Pressure on
land water
demand
Carry
SEA
Conduct
workshops
Littering
Proper
waste
management
Maintenance
of
the
existing
agricultural
infrastructure
Insignificant
Impact
N/A
Construction
of warehouse
3. To reduce the
incidence
of
diseases
outbreaks
Intensified
public
awareness
by
all
stakeholders through
workshops
out
Proper
animal
husbandry practices
4. To integrate
disaster
mitigation
strategies
into
development
plans
Annual plans to have
disaster management
priorities.
Mainstream
disaster
management
into
development
Planning
None
N/A
5. To improve
collaboration of
public sector and
private sector in
disaster
management
Revive
disaster
management
committees and bring
on board private sector
Frequent
refresher
workshops for all
stakeholders.
Make
an
inventory of
existing
private
sector in the
district
None
N/A
Littering
Proper
waste
disposal
Conduct
workshops
16.7 RESOURCE REQUIREMENT FOR DDP 6
16.7.1 Issues and strengths
Kgatleng District is prone to veldt fire outbreaks but the community is reluctant to assist in fire
suppression activities. There has not been many domestic fire outbreaks but the possibility of
putting up and equipping a fire station cannot be ruled out, as a contingency measure.
160
16.7.2 Performance Targets, Budget and Plan Monitoring
Table 16.5 Proposed Projects, Performance Targets, Budget and Plan Monitoring
Proposed Project
Performance Target
Budget
Plan
Monitoring
Conduct workshops
Workshops conducted
Not
available
Quarterly
progress report
Construction of Fire breaks
Fire breaks constructed
Budget not
Available
Collect inventory of areas prone
to floods and map evacuation
routes
Inventory collected and
evacuation routes mapped
Budget not
Available
Quarterly
progress report
Compliant plans designed
Building plans must comply to
safety measures
Ware house constructed
Construction of warehouse
Budget not
Available
Budget not
Available
Conduct workshops
Workshops conducted
Budget not
Available
Quarterly
progress report
Maintenance of the existing
agricultural infrastructure
Agricultural
Infrastructure maintained
Budget not
Available
Mainstream
disaster
management into development
Planning
Disaster
management
mainstreamed
Budget not
Available
Quarterly
progress report
Make an inventory of existing
private sector in the district
Inventory of existing
private sector made
Budget not
Available
Quarterly
progress report
Conduct workshops
Workshops conducted
16.7.3 Resource Requirements for DDP6
Resources required to accomplish the projects in this chapter are perhaps moderate. The most
important resource is finance. Indeed the proposed warehouse, equipment and materials do carry
cost implications. All other operations also have cost attached to them. Management will also
play a crucial role as a resource input. The challenge to management will be to remain prepared
for disaster even without any sign of possible threat; which in fact is the essence of contingency
planning. Apart from meeting regularly, the DDMC will also have to ensure that the various
components of the response mechanism remain in tune through regular rehearsals.
The current situation where the DDMC does not have any capital outlay and of course materials
also is most regressive. What happens is that the committee relies on government agencies and
non-government organisations for such needs. Thus, there is no warehouse, no tents, no blankets
no first aid equipment, no money no offices. In the past tents used in relief operations were
borrowed from the Elections office and the Red Cross Society. Transport was provided by the
District Council and other government departments office accommodation and stationery were
provided by District Administration and Council. There were no materials deserving mention,
and the headquarters could not assist because it was also equally deprived. This is the scenario,
161
which must be changed.
desirable resources.
The DDMC must be transformed into a well-endowed body with
Although government has in the past had difficulties in providing for contingency planning
requirements, growing recognition of the need to treat disaster management as an aspect of
development process because of the enormous benefits that are associated with this approach, are
sensitising us towards transforming our response mechanisms from a state of dormancy to action,
dependency to at least partial independence, budget absence to budget allocation, management by
crisis to preparedness.
Despite the overbearing budget constraints associated with such operations we are convinced that
the new trend will prove to be worthwhile.
16.7.4 Plan Monitoring Program
Goal
Safety
Security
measure
and
Compassionate,
Just
and
Caring.
Activity
Start
End
Target
Construction of
a
District
Disaster
Management
Warehouse,
purchase
of
equipment,
purchase
of
stock.
May
2004
October
2004
Build
capacity for
providing
relief aid to
4000
persons at
once.
Construction of
fire station in
Mochudi.
Construction of
fire
breaks
network
throughout the
District.
April
2004
April 2005
Response
time
of
under four
minutes.
Cover the
whole
District.
June
2004
June 2005
Establishment of
disaster
Management
Relief Fund
April
2003
March
2009
Two
million
Pula.
Education and
Information of
society
Mounting
of
educational
workshop
to
sensitise
members of the
community and
prepare them for
the
unlikely
occurrences of
disaster.
April
2003
April 2004
The whole
District.
Education and
Information of
Train
specific
individuals
as
April
September
Two people
from each
Safety
security
measure.
and
Key
Performance
Indicator
Compassionate,
just and caring
162
Goal
Activity
Start
End
Target
society
Team Leaders in
disaster
operations.
2004
2004
settlement.
Revive DDMC
and widen its
scope
beyond
that
of
preparedness for
relief to that of
Disaster
Avoidance and
re-construction.
April
2004
Continuous
The
committee
to
meet
regularly at
least
4
times in a
year.
Safety
Security
and
Key
Performance
Indicator
163
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN
17 PLAN MONITORING AND EVALUATION
17.1 INTRODUCTION:
One way to feed information into the planning process is through monitoring and evaluation.
These can actually be used as a controlling mechanism as well as a learning process. Monitoring
and evaluation are directed to the gathering of information about activities, which are already
finalised, or in progress.
17.1.1 The Institutional Framework:
The preparation and monitoring of the District Development Plans is the responsibility of the
District Development Committee, District Extension Team and other district committees.
Each Department has to prepare its plan proposals based on the consultations with the
community.
Once prepared, such proposals are presented to the District Development
Committee and the District Council in that order for approval. Once approved, the draft plan is
presented to the Ministry of Local Government, which will take it through appropriate steps for
approval at Central Government level. Once the plan is approved it gets implemented by the
district officials with the assistance of the respective ministries.
17.1.2 Plan Management
The goal of the plan management is to ensure that plans are well coordinated, goals and
objectives are achieved, targets are met and if not corrective measures are taken where necessary.
Generally the review is done towards the middle of the plan period to determine how
implementation has progressed or whether priorities needs to be changed which may require
attention. The details of these is discussed below:
17.1.3 Plan Monitoring And Evaluation
Plan Monitoring for Council projects at district level is the responsibility of the Council Chief
Executive through relevant departmental heads particularly the Planning and Works Department.
This is done through staff visits, regular progress meeting and physical progress reports to the
relevant Council Committees.
To facilitate the periodic preparation of reports on programme implementation, the District
Development Plan is broken down into annual plans which state the targets each department sets
for itself to achieve annually. The successive annual plans are supposed to achieve the set goals
of the District Development Plan at its time of expiry.
Based on the annual plans each
department is expected to report to the Plan Managers and the District Development Committee
on the progress in implementing programmes and out-lining any constraints experienced. The
exercise results with the completion of a written quarterly progress report. This arrangement is
effective as it helps Council Administration to take timely and corrective action in case there are
deviations on project implementation.
164
Community based project monitoring is limited. However, villagers do have a say when projects
in their villages are delayed. This is done through Village Development Committees, complaints
to Councillors or Members of Parliament and during Kgotla meetings addressed by Minister.
17.1.3.1
The Mid Term Review Exercise:
District Development Committee has the responsibility of evaluating the District Development
Plan (at the end of its period) so as to build in improvements for a better management of the
succeeding plans. The District Officer Development and the Council Planning Officer remain
the key officers in these functions.
Half way between the plan, the District through the DDC has got to pause and assess the
developments achieved so far in implementing the DDP and see what is remaining in the last few
years of the plan. This is what is termed the “Mid Term Review” of the plan.
The Mid Term Review of DDP forms an important integral part of the implementation of the
plan. Its objectives are to:


Guide and focus the remaining years of the plan.
Serve as future ground work for the next plan
Address major or controversial issues and suggest re-prioritisation alternatives for
policies, strategies, programmes + projects where appropriate.
17.1.3.2
Constraints On Plan Management:
District planning has been carried out since 1977.
However, it appears that the various
departments have not been well involved and the process has not been passed on smoothly from
predecessors to successors.
Realisation is more on the side of the Central Government
Departments, as planners have to spend more time on assisting and guiding the Heads of
Departments.
It still remains fatal that the District Development Plan is the sole business of the planners. For
this reason, combined with the key role of planners, plans appear to be regarded as of interest
only to the planners. One sees this problem in that where plans are slow in being prepared,
invariably the Ministry will look at the planners for answers. The whole exercise has to be
standard and understood by all concerned throughout the country.
17.1.3.3
Environmental Monitoring Activities
Environmental Audits
DDP 6 has made provision for every project to have an environmental impact assessment or
strategic environmental assessment. There is need to carry out environmental audits during Mid
Term Review to evaluate the impacts of the environmental tools that were in place, i.e. EIA and
SEA.
The audits will confirm whether compliance with EIA and SEA recommendations were followed
also to take corrective measures.
165
17.2 FINANCIAL AND PERSONNEL CONSTRAINTS:
Councils have less autonomous power because of their over dependence on grants from Central
Government. Kgatleng District Council like other local authorities has very limited sources of
revenue. For the past financial year 2001/2002, it has only been able to raise less than 5% of its
recurrent budget. This is because of the poor revenue base. This has in turn resulted in poor
performance because there has always been a large gap between estimated financial requirements
and actual earnings. Unless the status quo changes, Kgatleng District Council is likely to face
financial difficulties in implementing its projects.
Even though Central Government continues to subsidise Council budgets, there is still need to
give more autonomy and enable Councils to find more revenue sources. The District share the
sentiment that Councils are non profit making organisations, but some of the fees are so little that
it is even discouraging for Councils to devise efficient and effective ways of collecting them. In
this plan period, Council will try in its endeavour to review and revise its fees. This will only be
to a certain extent as some of the fees like “clinic fees” are set at national levels or standards.
In order to achieve the intended objectives of the plan adequately trained and experienced
personnel should be made available to implement, monitor and review the development plan.
The need to have experienced and adequately trained personnel cannot be over-emphasised. Top
level decision makers like Council Chief Executive Officer and District Commissioner should
have experienced and trained officers to advise them adequately in important developmental
issues.
The focus of training should be on management training because managers are the key people
that influence a change of attitudes to their subordinates. The management of people at work is
one of the primary keys to organisational success. Therefore, productivity and Performance
Management System have been the recent issues of concern.
Performance Management System has resumed in the district. PMS awareness workshops for
staff and Councillors have been conducted. After completion of this the district would then
proceed with strategic planning. However, during the implementation of the plan we are likely
to experience some drawbacks as managers and the general members of the public service still
are not prepared to change their minds set towards improvement of productivity. Officers should
acquaint themselves with the programme to enable the district to achieve objectives for the nation
as reflected on Vision 2016.
While it may not be seen as a constraint as such, the private sector can still be accused of draining
some of the best trained personnel from the government. This trend is likely to continue if the
public sector does not keep a tight hold on its employees by giving them attractive pay packages
and terminal benefits that almost match those of the private sector. However, the district hopes
that the current developments of O & M, Local Government structure and job evaluations would
help address the situation.
17.3 PROPOSED PLAN MONITORING ACTIVITIES DURING DDP6
Successful project implementation and monitoring depends solely on the availability of
supportive resources like:
Manpower

Funding

Availability of competent contractors

Other logistical resources
166
It does not matter how effective the plan managers might be, if the above resources are lacking
successful project implementation will remain a myth. Inadequate capacity of councils to handle
the many projects for the local and central government should be enhanced by looking into the
possibility of providing funds for external sourcing of capacity from the private sector.
Public enterprises like Botswana Power Corporation and Botswana Telecommunications
Corporation should be cautioned to provide services within a reasonable time. To this effect
local officers should be established and/or empowered with the view of handling all service
matters at the district level instead of Gaborone.
On the other hand, finally, an appropriate registration of contractors is needed. A number of
contractors are registered for works above their capabilities. The Central Tender Board should
vigorously peruse all credentials befitting the type of category applied for by each contractor.
Also, either the contractors Organisation or the government should initiate training for number of
contractors in the fields of project management, estimation, tendering and construction for a
better and timely delivery of projects.
167
APPENDIX 1: CENTRAL GOVERNMENT MATRICES
MINISTRY OF STATE PRESIDENT
Project
Location
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
DDP 6 TEC (in Pula)
OP 401(21/401)
Semi Urban Police
Mathubudukwane
40 000 000
Station and 60 staff houses
OP 401(21/401)
26 Police Houses
Olifants Drift
7 150 000
Extension of VHF Radio
Mochudi-M'thubukwane-
1 500 000
Trunking & Digital Microwave
Olifants' Drift
OP 409(21/409)
168
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
Project
Location
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
DDP 6 TEC (in Pula)
ED 110(61/110)
College of Applied Arts
Oodi
130 000 000
Technology
ED 800(061/800)
Upgrading of CJSSs
District
12 546 563
MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND HOME AFFAIRS
Project
Location
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
DDP 6 TEC (in Pula)
HA 104(41/104)
Integrated Office Block
Mochudi
10 058 800
Mochudi
1 320 300
HA 502(41/502)
Extension of Library
169
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
Project
Location
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
DDP 6 TEC (in Pula)
MD 301(111/301)
50-bed Primary Hospital
Mabalane
Upgrading of IHS
Mochudi
52 000 000
284 610 (Nationwide)
MINISTRY OF WORKS AND TRANSPORT
Project
Location
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
DDP 6 TEC (in Pula)
WT 509(91/509)
Mmamashia-Mabalane
36 000 000
Road
WT 508(91/508)
Airport Circle-Rasesa II
98 000 000
170
Project
Location
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
DDP 6 TEC (in Pula)
Road
WT 401(91/401)
Weigh bridge, office and
Machoboloko Lands
8 992 000
Mochudi
15 000 000
Mochudi
780 000
Staff Houses
WT 401(91/401)
Driver Testing Grounds
WT 104(91/104)
Upgrading of DABS Depot
MINISTRY OF LANDS HOUSING AND ENVIRONMENT
LH 203 – DISTRICT HOUSING
Project
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
District Housing
6 436 000
6 436 000
6 436 000
6 436 000
6 436 000
6 436 000
Quantity
Unit Cost
Total E.Cost
38 503 000
171
APPENDIX 2: MINISTRY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
LG 102 LA / FLEET DEVELOPMENT
Project
2003/04
Cherry Picker
400 000
2004/05
TEC : P 2,708
2005/06
Breakdown Vehicle
700 000
Light duty vehicles
2
LG 104 LOCAL AUTHORITY INFRASTRUCTURE MAINTENANCE
Project
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2
2007/08
2008/09
2
Quantity
Unit Cost
Total E.Cost
1
400 000
400 000
1
700 00
700 000
6
140 000
840 000
TEC: P 5,416
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
Quantity
Unit Cost
Total E.Cost
Maintenance of
Public facilities in the
5,416
5,416
District
NB: The District has a maintenance Schedule to follow.
LG 301 STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION
Project
2003/04
TEC : P 3,954
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
Quantity
Unit Cost
Total E.Cost
1
3,954
3,954
Construction of
Mochudi
Warehouse
3,954
172
LG 901 CUSTOMARY COURTS
Project
2003/04
Construction of
Offices Type 3
Mochudi
Extension of
Offices Type 1
25 seater combi
2004/05
2005/06
M/kwane
2006/07
Oodi
2007/08
Bokaa
2008/09
Quantity
Unit Cost
Total E.Cost
1
2 000 000
2000 000
4
800 000
3 200 000
1
250 000
250 000
Matebele
3
140 000
420 000
Malotwana
6
80 000
480 000
1
200 000
200 000
Artesia
Mochudi
Light duty vehicles
Hi – fi Radios
TEC : P 8, 254
Artesia
Leshibitse
Dikwididi
M/kwane
O/drift
Dikgonnye
Artesia
7 ton truck
Mochudi
Security fences
Rasesa
Bokaa
Malotwana
Ramotlabaki
Ramonaka
M/kwane
Oodi
7
40 000
280 000
Improvement of cells
Rasesa
Bokaa
Malotwana
Ramotlabaki
Malolwane
Ramonaka
M/kwane
Oodi
Modipane
9
100 000
900 000
M/kwane
Artesia
Oodi
Bokaa
4
12 000
48 000
4
8 000
32 000
8
12 000
96 000
Purchase of photocopiers
Purchase of fax machines
M/kwane
Artesia
Oodi
Bokaa
Purchase of computers
Mochudi 4
M/kwane
Artesia
Oodi
Bokaa
173
LG 1102 PRIMARY EDUCATION FACILITIES
TEC : P 36,109
Project
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
Quantity
Unit Cost
Total E.Cost
Classrooms
15
8
2
18
4
23
70
250 000
17 500 000
T/quarters
51
41
19
32
20
27
190
170 000
32 300 000
Toilets
12
14
3
14
43
70 000
3 010 000
Admin block
3
3
2
2
2
4
16
200 000
3 200 000
Library
6
6
6
6
7
7
38
180 000
6 840 000
Resource centre
6
6
6
6
7
7
38
180 000
6 800 000
Science lab
6
6
6
6
7
7
38
180 000
6 800 000
Computer room
6
7
6
7
6
6
38
180 000
6 800 000
Tool shed
6
7
7
6
6
38
180 000
6 800 000
7 ton Truck
1
2
190 000
360 000
2
270 000
540 000
1
200 000
200 000
2
700 000
1 400 000
1
2 500 000
2 500 000
2
2 500 000
5 000 000
1
65 seater bus
1
25 seater bus
1
Special unit c/rooms
1
1
Relocation of Linchwe P School
New school
1
1
1
1
174
LG 1103 RECREATIONAL FACILITIES
Project
2003/04
TEC : P2, 853
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
72 000
975 000
753 000
2007/08
2008/09
Quantity
Unit cost
Total E.Cost
1
1, 800 000
1, 800 000
1
1, 053 000
1,053 000
Completion of
Multi purpose hall
in Mochudi
Public Park in
150 000
903 000
Mochudi
LG 1104
PRIMARY HEALTH FACILITIES
TEC : P10 327
Project
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
Upgrading of Health Posts to
Clinics and 8
Nurses houses and furniture
Malolwane
Modipane
Rasesa
Upgrading Clinic 1
Clinic extensions
Incinerator
Construction of new
Clinic at Boseja North
5 nurses house
furniture
equipment
Ambulance
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
Makgophana
1
Clinic II
Makakatlela
Boseja
Oodi
M/ kwane
Phaphane
1
2 000 000
Quantity
Unit cost
Total E.Cost
1 000 000
4
4 000 000
1
700 000
700 000
6
500 000
3 000 0000
1
600 000
600 000
1
2 000 000
2 000 000
175
Project
Patients toilets at clinics
2003/04
Modipane
25 Seater Combi
for disabled
CHBC vehicles
1
2004/05
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
Quantity
Unit cost
Total E.Cost
Morwa
Dikgonnye
Khurutshe
K/tshaba
7
90 000
720 000
1
1
300 000
300 000
1
2
140 000
280 000
Pilane
2005/06
Rasesa
LG 1105 RURAL ADMINISTRATION CENTRE
Project
2003/04
Integrated office block
Service centres
TEC : P 50, 272
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
Quantity
Unit Cost
Total E.Cost
1
39 200 000
39 200 000
Sikwane
6
1 800 000
10 800 000
2008/09
Quantity
Unit Cost
Total E.Cost
55
2 500
137 500
2
15 000
30 000
1
1 000 000
1 000 000
300
400
120 000
Mochudi
Bokaa
Artesia
O/drift
M/kwane
Oodi
LG 1106 REMOTE AREA DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
4, 279
TEC :P
Project
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
Super structure
For RADs beneficiaries
10
15
10
20
Acquisition and fencing of
farms for RADs
K/tshaba
2007/08
K/tshaba
Extension of cooperative shop
To include building material
Purchasing of livestock
2008/09
K/tshaba
50
50
50
50
50
50
176
Project
2003/04
Photovoltaic installation in
RADs projects
Carpentry workshop
And equipment and materials
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
Quantity
Unit Cost
Total E.Cost
K/tshaba
1
400 000
400 000
K/tshaba
1
350 000
350 000
1
350 000
350 000
1
1 500 000
1 500 000
2
1 000 000
2 000 000
2
5 000
10 000
Leather workshop and equipment
K/tshaba
K/tshaba
K/tshaba
Training
K/tshaba
LG 1107 LABOUR INTENSIVE PUBLIC WORKS
Project
2003/04
2004/05
K/tshaba
TEC :P 6,811
2005/06
Paving of Masicina Road
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
798
Paving of Phalane Road
1 062
Paving of the mall development
1 354
Paving of Rasai
798
Paving of Bokalaka - Showground
Paving of Council Building Grounds
2008/09
K/tshaba
Recreational Centre
Drilling of boreholes and equipping
Within the RADs farms
2007/08
1 444
1 354
Quantity
Unit Cost
Total E.Cost
1
798
798
1
1 062
1 062
1
1 354
1 354
1
798
798
1
1 444
1 444
1
1 354
1 354
177
LG 1108 NATIONAL RURAL SANITATION PROGRAMME
Project
2003/04
2004/05
Public toilets
Pilane
Landfill
50 refuse skips
10
Tractors
Refuse compactor trucks
Unit Cost
Total E.Cost
Mochudi
2x4
blocks
140 000
280 000
Dikwididi
1
15
000
15 000 000
10
50
20 000
1000 000
Mochudi
2
150 000
300 000
3
500 000
1 500 000
1
2
350 000
700 000
1
3
170 000
510 000
1
150 000
150 000
1
350 000
350 000
1
300 000
300 000
1
200 000
200 000
2
300 000
600 000
10
2006/07
10
2007/08
10
Mochudi
1
Vacuum tankers
1
1
Tyre shredder
1
Skip carrier (truck)
2008/09
1
1
Light duty vehicle
Weigh bridge
Quantity
10
2005/06
TEC :23,994
1
1
Pilane
Clinical waste vehicle
200 000
1
000
Tipper trucks
1
Dry compost
40
40
40
40
10
10
200
3 000
600 000
VIP latrines
70
70
70
70
70
50
400
1 500
600 000
178
LG 1109 COMMUNITY PROJECTS
Project
LA2 House
TEC :P 5,726
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
Pilane
Rasesa
O/drift
Ramotlabaki
Malotwana
Bophirima
Mabodisa
Makgophana
Oodi
O/drift
Ramotlabaki
Malotwana
Moshawana
Bokone
Boseja N & S
Dikwididi
M/kwane
Matebele
Pilane
m/kwane
mabalane
malolwane
Bophirima
Mosanta N
Makgophana
Boseja N&S
Bokone
Bogare
Mosanta N
Moshawana
Ramotlabaki
Mabalane
Sikwane
M/kwane
Morwa
Pilane
Artesia
Rasesa
Morwa
M/kwane
Sikwane
O/drift
Ramotlabaki
Bophirima
Mosanta N
Bogare
Bokone
Boseja
Boseja
Bogare
Dikwididi
Mabodisa
Malotwana
Mosanta S
Matebele
Oodi
Kgotla shelter
Morwa
Pilane
Boseja N+S
Kgotla Kraal
Morwa
Pilane
Bokaa
Community hall
Bokaa
K/tshaba
Boseja
Electrification of VDC Houses
Reading Room
Bokaa
Malotwana
Malolwane
Modipane
Ramotlabaki
Ramonaka
Mabodisa
Ramotlabaki
K/tshaba
K/tshaba
Rasesa
Quantity
Unit Cost
Total E.Cost
59
40 000
2 360 000
4
40 000
160 000
Artesia
6
40 000
240 000
Makgophana
4
200 000
800 000
5
40 000
200 000
7
40 000
280 000
O/drift
Pilane
Dikgonnye
179
Project
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
High cost house
Bokone
Stampers Shelter
Boseja
Brick Moulding
Bokone
Oodi
Boseja N+S
Artesia
Public toilets at
cemetery
Dikgonnye
Mabalane
Standpipe at Graveyard
Dikgonnye
Guest house
Sikwane
Fencing of cemetery
Mabalane
Mosanta S
Electrify community hall
Malolwane
LA3 houses
Bophirima
Office / storeroom
Mosanta N
Recreational equipment
VDC house
K/tshaba
Makgophana
Vehicle for community
development
Market stalls
2008/09
Quantity
Unit Cost
Total E.Cost
2
40 000
80 000
3
40 000
120 000
1
40 000
40 000
2
40 000
80 000
1
170 000
170 000
3
40 000
120 000
1
40 000
40 000
3
150 000
450 000
3
40 000
120 000
1
40 000
40 000
4
40 000
160 000
1
40 000
40 000
1
40 000
40 000
4
40 000
160 000
1
40 000
40 000
5
40 000
200 000
3
40 000
120 000
Moshawana
LA1 house
Vegetable / Citrus garden
2007/08
Sikwane
Malolwane
Mabalane
Sikwane
Ramonaka
Bophirima
Oodi
Artesia
Morwa
Mabodisa
Rasesa
Moshawana
Malotwana
Destitute house
Leshibitse
WC toilets at reading room
Oodi
O/drift
Rasesa
K/tshaba
Oodi
Malotwana
Moshawana
180
Project
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
Quantity
Unit Cost
Total E.Cost
Security fence for reading room
O/drift
1
40 000
40 000
Leisure park
Bokone
1
1 500 000
1 500 000
600
40
24 000
2
100 000
200 000
Chairs for community hall
Pilane
Extension of community hall
Morwa
Flee market
Bokaa
1
40 000
40 000
Bus shelter
Malotwana
1
40 000
40 000
1
1 500 000
1 500 000
7
40 000
280 000
1
40 000
40 000
1
40 000
40 000
Artesia
1
1 500 000
1 500 000
Boseja N
Oodi
7
150 000
1050 000
1
40 000
40 000
1
40 000
40 000
Community football and
Netball ground
Day care centre VDC
Morwa
Artesia
Malotwana
Malotwana
K/tshaba
Makgophana
Morwa
Bus stop and shelter
Morwa
Extend VDC office
Oodi
Orphan feeding centre
Orphanage centre
Pilane
Sikwane
Mabodisa
Boseja S
K/tshaba
Postal agency
M/kwane
O/drift
Malolwane
Mabalane
VDC house
Mabalane
Block grant
6
7
8
7
6
6
40
4 000
160 000
Training
2
2
2
2
2
2
12
20 000
240 000
181
LG 1110 DISTRICT COUNCIL WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE
Project
2003/04
2004/05
Construction of
Standpipes
Artesia
Bokaa
Dikwididi
Ktshaba
Khurutshe
Leshibitse
Malotwana
O/drift
Oodi
Rasesa
Sikwane
Mabalane
Malolwane
Matebeleng
M/kwane
Modipane
Ramotlabaki
Backup boreholes
System rehabilitation
Artesia
Dikgonnye
Dikwididi
K/tshaba
Leshibitse
O/drift
Ramotlabaki
Artesia
Malolwane
Prepaid metering
system
Phase II Sanitation
project
Mochudi
2005/06
Artesia
Dikgonnye
Dikwididi
K/tshaba
Rasesa
Leshibitse
Malotwana
O/drift
Ramonaka
Khurutshe
2006/07
2007/08
Artesia
Bokaa
Mabalane
Modipane
Ramotlabaki
Rasesa
Artesia
Dikwididi
Malotwana
Matebeleng
TEC: 23,752
Modipane
2008/09
Quantity
Unit Cost
Total E.Cost
Artesia
Dikwididi
Malolwane
Malotwana
O/drift
Sikwane
39
12 000
468 000
Artesia
9
600 000
5 400 000
O/drift
Ramotlabaki
8
500 000
4 000 000
Malolwane
Ramonaka
1
1
259 584
104 832
1
90 000 000
90 000 000
182
Project
2003/04
Connect Phaphane staff
houses
Mochudi
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
Quantity
Unit Cost
Total E.Cost
1
200 000
200 000
Connect Rampedi staff
houses
Mochudi
1
100 000
100 000
Upgrade Molefhi sewer
line from 150mm to 160mm
Mochudi
1
1 800 000
1 800 000
1
2 000 000
2 000 000
1
86 000
86 000
1
40 000
40 000
1
25 000 000
25 000 000
Upgrade Hospital sewer line
From 150mm to 160mm
Mochudi
Connect Phaphane primary
To main sewer line
Purchase vector jet (sewer
Cleaning equipment)
River villages quality
programme
Mochudi
Mochudi
183
LG 1111 VILLAGE INFRASTRUCTURE
Project
2003/04
Tarring Radikolo – new clinic
- Mmapole Road
7 800 000
Tarring Mosanta – Maferesi –
Dinkgwana Road
TEC :P 85, 501
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
5 200 000
Storm water drainage in Mochudi
3 000 000
Mochudi CBD
20 000 000
Tarring Makakatlela clinic –
Madipamo – Ithuteng – Dichibidu
Road
4 600 000
Mochudi streets lights
3 000 000
Servicing Pilane industrial site
12 000 000
Tarring Mochudi – Ntlhopheng Road
6 500 000
Tarring Jabula – Letlhabile Road
2 600 000
Quantity
Unit Cost
Total E.Cost
6km
1 300 000
7 800 000
4km
1 300 000
5 200 000
1
3 000 000
3 000 000
1
20 000 000
20 000 000
4km
1 150 000
4 600 000
20km
150 000
3 000 000
1
12 000 000
12 000 000
5km
1 300 000
6 500 000
2km
1 300 000
2 600 000
Pilane Street lighting
900 000
6km
150 000
900 000
Rasesa street lighting
600 000
4km
150 000
600 000
2km
1 300 000
2 600 000
1
1 800 000
1 800 000
Tarring Mokgweng Road
Small abattoir
2 600 000
1 800 000
184
LG 1112 MUNICIPAL SERVICES
Project
2003/04
Chairpersons
house
2004/05
TEC :P 9,027
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
1 000 000
Bus rank Mochudi
1 527 000
Fire station and
Fire equipment
6 500 000
LG 1115 DISTRICT ROADS
Quantity
Unit Cost
Total E.Cost
1
1 000 000
1 000 000
1
1 527 000
1 527 000
1
6 500 000
6 500 000
Quantity
Unit Cost
Total E.Cost
TEC :P 38,217
Project
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
Construction of
Lokgalo bridge
6 000 000
1
6 000 000
6 000 000
Bulldozer
1 200 000
1
1 200 000
1 200 000
Grader
1 100 000
1
1 100 000
1 100 000
Oodi – Matebele tar
Road
5 200 000
4km
1 300 000
5 200 000
Oodi – Matebele bridge
6 500 000
1
6 500 000
6 500 000
Front end loader
950 000
1
950 000
950 000
Low Bed
1 000 000
1
1 000 000
1 000 000
Leshibitse – A1 Road tar
5 200 000
4km
1 300 000
5 200 000
Bridge across Morwa
Boseja Notwane River
4 500 000
1
4 500 000
4 500 000
185
Project
2003/04
Gravel Radikolo – Mokatse
Road
1 540 000
Gravel K/tshaba – Dikgonnye
Road
2004/05
2005/06
2 035 000
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
Quantity
Unit Cost
Total E.Cost
28km
55 000
1 540 000
37km
55 000
2 035 000
Gravel Ratlhokwa – Leshibitse
186