Supplemental Materials
Older Maternal Age is Associated With Depression, Anxiety and Stress Symptoms in
Young Adult Female Offspring
by J. E. Tearne et al., 2015, Journal of Abnormal Psychology
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/abn0000119
Table S1
Characteristics of Participants by Mothers’ Age
p
≤19
(n = 64)
(%)
20-24
(n =
209)
(%)
DASS Total
.05
score
1 SD above
78.1
86.6
mean or less
1 SD or more
21.9
13.4
above the mean
Maternal
.017
education
12 or more years
15.6
34.4
11 or fewer
84.4
65.6
years
Maternal
.012
smoking
No cigarettes
60.9
70.8
One or more
39.1
29.2
daily
Maternal
< .001
experience of
stressful life
events
2 or fewer
73.4
84.7
3 or more
26.6
15.3
Total family
.001
income
≥ 24 000 AUD
12.5
42.6
per annum
< 24 000 AUD
87.5
57.4
per annum
Gestational
.098
hypertension
No hypertension
82.8
69.9
Any
17.2
30.1
hypertension
p p value for the linear by linear association
25-29
(n =
350)
(%)
30-34
(n =
358)
(%)
35-39
(n =
175)
(%)
≥ 40
(n = 34)
(%)
88.9
84.9
79.4
91.2
11.1
15.1
20.6
8.8
51.1
48.9
58.4
41.6
52.0
48.0
61.8
38.2
81.4
18.6
84.4
15.6
86.9
13.1
91.2
8.8
85.4
14.6
89.7
10.3
93.7
6.3
91.2
2.6
68.3
76.5
74.9
76.5
31.7
23.5
25.1
23.5
77.7
22.3
77.2
22.8
69.0
31.0
73.5
26.5
Table S2
Number and Percentage of Participants by Severity Category for DASS Scale Scores
Depression
Anxiety
Stress
N
N
N
%
%
%
Normal
858
909
971
70.3
74.5
79.6
Mild
136
82
103
11.1
6.7
8.4
Moderate
137
146
85
11.2
12.0
7.0
Severe
43
46
42
3.5
3.8
3.4
Extremely Severe
46
37
49
3.8
3.0
1.6
Table S3a
Means and Standard Deviations for DASS Scale Scores by Category of Maternal Age
< 20
20-24
25-29
30-34
≥ 35
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
(SD)
(SD)
(SD)
(SD)
(SD)
Depression
9.00
6.66
6.56
7.35
8.06
(10.81)
(7.89)
(7.84)
(7.52)
(8.46)
Anxiety
5.34
5.25
4.69
5.21
5.62
(5.89)
(6.25)
(5.24)
(5.68)
(6.50)
Stress
9.91
8.48
8.55
9.50
9.89
(9.51)
(8.26)
(7.70)
(7.99)
(8.80)
Table S3b
Means and Standard Deviations for DASS Scale Scores by Category of Paternal Age
< 20
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
≥ 40
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
(SD)
(SD)
(SD)
(SD)
(SD)
(SD)
Depression
7.75
7.57
7.07
6.84
7.05
8.41
(10.69)
(9.22)
(7.83)
(7.71)
(7.17)
(9.00)
Anxiety
4.75
5.47
5.12
4.90
5.13
5.67
(5.30)
(6.79)
(5.36)
(5.53)
(6.09)
(6.21)
Stress
9.67
9.21
9.21
8.54
9.14
10.58
(8.94)
(9.26)
(7.61)
(7.82)
(8.05)
(9.29)
Table S4
Chi-Square Values for the Interaction Between Maternal/Paternal Age and Gender for Each
DASS Scale Score
Maternal age*sex
Paternal age*sex
χ2 (df)
χ2 (df)
p
p
Depression
17.97 (5)
15.85 (6)
.003
.015
Anxiety
26.32 (5)
22.46 (6)
.000
.001
Stress
43.61 (5)
40.17 (6)
.000
.000
Table S5
Unadjusted Analyses Estimating the Effect of Maternal and Paternal Age on Total DASS
Scores and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Subscale Scores in Girls
Depression Scale
RR
Anxiety Scale
RR
Stress Scale
RR
(95% CI)
p
(95% CI)
p
(95% CI)
p
RR = 1.55*
(1.06, 2.28)
RR = 1.28
(.87, 1.89)
RR = 1.17
(.86, 1.58)
20-24
RR = 1.17
(.86, 1.59)
RR = 1.24
(.91, 1.69)
RR = 1.04
(.82, 1.32)
25-29
30-34
Ref.
RR = 1.21
(.92, 1.58)
Ref.
RR = 1.13
(.86, 1.49)
Ref.
RR = 1.24
(.99, 1.53)
≥ 35
RR = 1.43*
(1.001, 2.04)
RR = 1.41
(.98, 2.04)
RR = 1.34*
(1.01, 1.77)
RR = .99
(.57, 1.73)
RR = .75
(.42, 1.33)
RR = 1.15
(.74, 1.78)
20-24
RR = 1.02
(.73, 1.42)
RR = 1.08
(.77, 1.52)
RR = 1.07
(.83, 1.38)
25-29
30-34
Ref.
RR = .80
(.61, 1.05)
Ref.
RR = .91
(.69, 1.20)
Ref.
RR = .78*
(.63, .96)
35-39
RR = .86
(.61, 1.20)
RR = .998
(.71, 1.41)
RR = .84
(.64, 1.11)
≥ 40
RR = .98
(.65, 1.49)
RR = .90
(.59, 1.38)
RR = .90
(.65, 1.25)
Maternal age
< 20
Paternal age
< 20
Adjusted for age of other parent
RR= Rate ratio
* = p < .05
Table S6
Unadjusted Analyses Estimating the Effect of Maternal and Paternal Age on Total DASS
Scores and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Subscale Scores in Boys
Depression Scale
RR
Anxiety Scale
RR
Stress Scale
RR
(95% CI)
p
(95% CI)
p
(95% CI)
p
RR = .84
(.53, 1.35)
RR = .75
(.49, 1.15)
RR = .68
(.45, 1.04)
20-24
RR = .82
(.59, 1.13)
RR = .91
(.69, 1.21)
RR = .85
(.65, 1.11)
25-29
30-34
Ref.
RR = .99
(.73, 1.34)
Ref.
RR = 1.05
(.81, 1.37)
Ref.
RR = 1.03
(.80, 1.34)
≥ 35
RR = .91
(.661, 1.36)
RR = .91
(.64, 1.28)
RR = .91
(.65, 1.29)
RR = .68
(.34, 1.39)
RR = 1.01
(.53, 1.91)
RR = .71
(.38, 1.32)
20-24
RR = 1.05
(.72, 1.53)
RR = .94
(.69, 1.30)
RR = .99
(.72, 1.36)
25-29
30-34
Ref.
RR = 1.15
(.86, 1.54)
Ref.
RR = .98
(.76, 1.26)
Ref.
RR = .98
(.77, 1.26)
35-39
RR = 1.07
(.71, 1.60)
RR = .86
(.60, 1.22)
RR = .93
(.66, 1.32)
Maternal age
< 20
Paternal age
< 20
≥ 40
Adjusted for age of other parent
RR= Rate ratio
RR = 1.13
(.74, 1.74)
RR = 1.18
(.82, 1.70)
RR = 1.21
(.84, 1.74)