PLAGIARISM PRESENTATION GUIDE FOR FYS FACULTY
This guide is intended to aid your discussion of plagiarism in First Year Symposium. It is not
intended to be the final word on the subject, but to be a uniform beginning for all first year
students. The goal of these slides is to eliminate out any possibility of the excuse of ignorance of
plagiarism: “I didn’t know it was plagiarism.” The secondary goal of this presentation is to spur
a general discussion of academic integrity and what it means in institutions and in our world
today.
Please read through the power point slides before showing them in class and review the
Academic Misconduct Policy to which there is a link within the presentation (and also on the
bottom of this page).
This PowerPoint is interactive. The time needed to complete will vary from class to class but the
whole presentation and discussion can be accomplished in a single class period. You could email
the Academic Misconduct Policy to your class and quiz them on that.
The library maintains Fostering Integrity in Research: Faculty Resources a collection of resources
for your use.
The Fairfield University Library website assignment (Court of Plagiarism) is definitely worth
exploring. It is an interactive plagiarism exercise. The author graciously permitted us to include
her site in our presentation. Here is the web site:
http://www.fairfield.edu/media/flash/library/lib_plagicourt.swf
Talking Points for Slides
Slide 13:
Our thesis is: the limits of social media in effective communication by leaders.
To begin we need to establish a number of definitions, including that of social media itself. This
is an appropriate place to quote from an authoritative source. Our source is:
Our source is:
(2011) “social media” A Dictionary of Media and Communication. First Edition by Daniel
Chandler and Rod Munday. Oxford University Press Inc. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford
University Press. College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University. 17 January
2012 <http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t326.e2539
Slide 14:
Our definition is:
social media A broad category or genre of communications media which occasion or enable
social interaction among groups of people, whether they are known to each other or strangers,
localized in the same place or geographically dispersed. It included new media such as
newsgroups, MMOGs, and social networking sites. Such media can be though of metaphorically
as virtual meeting places which function to occasion the exchange of media content among
users who are both producers and consumers. Social media have also become adopted as a
significant marketing tool.
Slide 15:
Our text should introduce this definition in a manner that makes clear the authority and
significance of the definition to our thesis.
Our text might be:
While the definition of social media is a slippery work in progress, the best recent attempt may
be in the Oxford University Press 2011 A Dictionary of Media and Communication:
A broad category or genre of communications media which occasion or enable social
interaction among groups of people, whether they are known to each other or strangers,
localized in the same place or geographically dispersed.... Social media have also become
adopted as a significant marketing tool. (Social Media)
Notice the three dotes (…) before the final sentence. I shortened the definition to suite my
purpose. This is called an ellipses used to indicate something is missing. That phrase in
parenthesis at the end gives readers the information they need to find the full citation for this
source in the reference list at the end of our essay. There are numerous formats for creating a
reference list. Your faculty may tell you specifically what you are required to use for a class. In
this class you must use ___________.
Slide 17:
MLA Format :
Works Cited
“Social Media.” A Dictionary of Media and Communication. New York: Oxford University Press,
2011. Oxford Reference Online. Web. 18 January 2012.
Slide 18:
APA Format:
References
“Social Media.” (2011) In D. Chandler and R. Munday (Eds.), A Dictionary of Media and
Communication. Retrieved from
http://www.oxfordreference.com
Slide 19:
Chicago Format:
Bibliography
Daniel Chandler and Rod Munday. A Dictionary of Media and Communication. (New York:
Oxford University Press, 2011) s.v. “Social Media.” http://www.oxfordreference.com
Slide 21:
Rather than including exact quotations, you will more often summarize or paraphrase sources so
that you can clearly explain how the information you cite relates to your thesis. Summaries are
concise overviews of lengthy resources. Think of twitter.
Paraphrases put into your own words (with your own emphasis and observations) the ideas of
another person. Think of explaining a film or television episode to someone that hasn’t seen it.
First, let’s paraphrase this conclusion in light of our thesis.
Remember: limits of social media in effective communication by leaders
Our source is:
A survey of social media use, motivation and leadership among public relations practitioners. By
Kaye D. Sweetser and Tom Kelleher. Public Relations Review Volume 37, Issue 4, November
2011, Pages 425–428 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2011.08.010
Slide 22:
The conclusion from this article that we want to paraphrase is:
The data from this study clearly show that motivation matters. Leaders in public
relations should be cognizant of motivation when trying to cultivate their subordinates. A keen
awareness of what is motivating someone with regard to using social media will provide leaders
with better tools for helping grow future leaders. Given the importance of internal motivation, it
may make just as much sense to look for a social media enthusiast to practice public relations as
it does to try to “convert” a non-motivated public relations person to handle an organization's
social media efforts.
In finding and developing a social media strategist it is important to acknowledge the
role of motivation. Within our sample, internal motivation correlated positively with Twitter
rank, grade, and percentile. In general, those who were more successful were more internally
motivated.
Slide 23:
A Paraphrase:
In their survey of social media use in public relations Sweetser and Kelleher conclude that the
organizational leader without personal motivation leads by a) recognizing that fact, and b)
identifying and cultivating the enthusiasm of a subordinate for those activities. In such cases,
effective leadership is not about using social media, but motivating and rewarding those that do
so effectively (427-428).
Because our paraphrase includes the authors’ names I don’t need to put them into the
parenthetical reference at the end of my paraphrase. The page numbers for the part of the text
I paraphrase is enough.
For discussion:
 Does this paraphrase accurately reflect the author’s message?
 Is the source clearly credited?
 Are there any phrases that should in quotation marks?
Slide 24:
Here is a different text. Let’s try a summary of this one. Our source is:
Listening to See: The Key to Virtual Leadership. Kerfoot, Karlene M. Nursing Economics,
Mar/Apr2010, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p114-116, 3p
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=49802812&site=ehost-live
Slide 25:
The text is:
In vibrant communities, divergent thinking and a sense of belonging to a larger community as
well as the local group creates excitement. This creates a rhythm that is based on a shared
vision, regular teleconferences, Web site activity, and knowledge sharing. Social media such as
blogging, Twitter, instant messaging, wikis, smart phones, and organizational and individual
Facebook technologies help create this sense of aliveness and connectedness in virtual groups.
Wenger, White, and Smith (2009) explain how emerging hybrid online tools and patterns and
best practices can bring online forms together in mosaics necessary for a virtual organization.
The test of effective virtual leadership is the ability to create this inspiring sense of aliveness and
community without the benefit of frequent face-to-face contact. Virtual leaders must use
evolving social media technology to create a virtual sense of aliveness and a high-performing
virtual community within the organization. Personal attention to acknowledging birthdays,
academic success, and other achievements are vital to personalize the work environment in
virtual organizations. (p.115)
Slide 26:
A Summary:
One thing most everyone agrees on about social media is that, at its best, it is about
creating community. Whereas Sweetser and Kelleher wrote about using it to connect with
those outside the organization, Karlene Kerfoot’s essay in Nursing Economics explains how
important social media can be for internal management of a virtual organization (115).
Slide 27:
Our research should balance these positive approaches with some of the known problems that
relate to our thesis (limits of social media in effective communication by leaders). Let’s look at a
different source to summarize:
Daunting Realities of Leading Complicated by the New Media: Wounding and Community
College Presidents. Maslin-Ostrowski, Patricia, Floyd, Deborah L., Hrabak, Michael R.
Community College Journal of Research & Practice; Jan2011, Vol. 35 Issue 1/2, p29-42, 14p
Slide 28:
It is too long to read in its entirety, but here is the authors’ abstract:
Community college presidential leadership is more taxing than ever; leaders face unprecedented
economic declines, increased expectations, and the immediacy of media reporting. The smallest
of rumors can escalate into campaigns for good or ill within minutes via the Internet, social
media (such as blogs, Twitter, Facebook) and electronic news. . . .The leader stories reveal how
the daunting realities of leading can be complicated in the digital era. . . .
Slide 29:
First, let’s write a transitional statement that explains how this information will relate to what
came before:
However, despite the general enthusiasm in articles like Kerfoot’s, the short history of social
media is fraught with stories of mistakes and disasters.
Slide 30:
Now it’s time for our summary:
One interesting recent analysis consists of interviews with four community college presidents
asking them to describe how a crisis of leadership played out in relation to new media. Their
stories tell of being blindsided by misinformation, personal attacks, loss of authority, and shock
or outrage at their inability to constrain or correct the former. The authors observe that social
media is changing the rules of the public relations game. One of the anonymous presidents
interviewed was quoted as saying “You can’t control the story. The story has legs . . . snowballs.’’
She lamented how the Internet had ‘‘picked up’’ the story, and that ‘‘the blogs were heating up
fast and furious, Associated Press and CNN. . . A story never dies if it’s on the Internet . . . What
occurred in the past does not get to be bygones.’ (Maslin-Ostrowski 39)
Fourteen pages, down to three sentences and a brief quotation that relate specifically to our
purpose.
Slide 32:
And here is our citation, converted to MLA format:
Works Cited
Maslin-Ostrowski, Patricia, Deborah L. Floyd, and Michael R. Hrabak. "Daunting Realities Of
Leading Complicated By The New Media: Wounding And Community College Presidents."
Community College Journal of Research & Practice 35.1/2 (2011): 29-42. Academic Search
Premier. Web. 19 Jan. 2012.
Slide 33:
And APA:
References
Maslin-Ostrowski, P., Floyd, D. L., & Hrabak, M. R. (2011). Daunting Realities of Leading
Complicated by the New Media: Wounding and Community College Presidents. Community
College Journal of Research & Practice, 35(1/2), 29-42. doi:10.1080/10668926.2010.526050
Slide 34:
And Chicago:
Bibliography
Maslin-Ostrowski, Patricia, Deborah L. Floyd, and Michael R. Hrabak. "Daunting Realities of
Leading Complicated by the New Media: Wounding and Community College Presidents."
Community College Journal of Research & Practice 35, no. 1/2 (January 2011): 29-42. Academic
Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed January 19, 2012).
Stuff to E-mail to Students (feel free to copy and paste the material below)
Here is a list of web sites from the plagiarism presentation we viewed in class which will be
helpful to you in your writing:
CSB/SJU Academic Misconduct Policy
http://lgdata.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/docs/2042/426797/AMP.pdf
Writing Center
https://sharepoint.csbsju.edu/writingcenters/Pages/default.aspx
CSB/SJU Library Web Site for citation assistance
http://www.csbsju.edu/library/help/citing.htm
Court of Plagiarism Assignment
http://www.fairfield.edu/media/flash/library/lib_plagicourt.swf
Maslin-Ostrowski, Patricia, Deborah L. Floyd, and Michael R. Hrabak. "Daunting Realities
Of Leading Complicated By The New Media: Wounding And Community College
Presidents." Community College Journal of Research & Practice 35.1/2 (2011): 29-42.
Academic Search Premier. Web. 19 Jan. 2012.
“Social Media.” A Dictionary of Media and Communication. New York: Oxford University
Press, 2011. Oxford Reference Online. Web. 18 January 2012.
Sweetser, Kaye D., and Tom Kelleher. "A Survey Of Social Media Use, Motivation And
Leadership Among Public Relations Practitioners." Public Relations Review 37.4 (2011):
425-428. Academic Search Premier. Web. 18 January 2012.