1
Table S1. Sexuality and reproductive mode of scleractinian corals. H = hermaphrodite, G =
gonochoric, B = brooder, S = broadcast spawner, M = mixed sexual strategy, ? = sexuality or
reproductive mode unknown. An asterisk indicates species used in the phylogenetic analyses,
i.e., those appearing in the supertree and for which both sex and mode are known.
5
Family
Acroporidae
Acroporidae
Species
Sex
Reference(s) 1
Mode
Reference(s) 1
*
Acropora abrotanoides
H
[1]
S
[1]
*
Acropora abrolhosensis
H
[2]
S
[2]
*
Acropora aculeus
H
[3]
S
[3]
*
Acropora acuminata
H
[1]
S
[1]
*
Acropora anthocercis
H
[3]
S
[3]
*
Acropora arabensis
H
[4]
S
[4]
*
Acropora aspera
H
[5]
S
[5]
*
Acropora austera
H
[1]
S
[1]
*
Acropora carduus
H
[6]
S
[6]
*
Acropora cerealis
H
[2]
S
[2]
*
Acropora cervicornis
H
[7]
S
[7]
*
Acropora clathrata
H
[8]
S
[8]
*
Acropora cytherea
H
[8]
S
[8]
*
Acropora danai
H
[9]
S
[9]
*
Acropora dendrum
H
[1]
S
[1]
*
Acropora digitifera
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Acropora divaricata
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Acropora donei
H
[9]
S
[9]
*
Acropora echinata
H
[2]
S
[2]
*
Acropora elseyi
H
[1]
S
[1]
*
Acropora eurystoma
H
[11]
S
[11]
*
Acropora florida
H
[5]
S
[5]
2
*
Acropora muricata
H
[8]
S
[8]
*
Acropora gemmifera
H
[8]
S
[8]
*
Acropora glauca
H
[2]
S
[2]
*
Acropora grandis
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Acropora granulosa
H
[12]
S
[12]
*
Acropora hemprichii
H
[13]
S
[13]
*
Acropora horrida
H
[2]
S
[2]
*
Acropora humilis
H
[8]
S
[8]
*
Acropora hyacinthus
H
[8]
S
[8]
*
Acropora intermedia
H
[8]
S
[8]
*
Acropora latistella
H
[5]
S
[5]
*
Acropora listeri
H
[8]
S
[8]
*
Acropora longicyathus
H
[8]
S
[8]
*
Acropora loripes
H
[8]
S
[8]
*
Acropora lovelli
H
[14]
S
[14]
*
Acropora lutkeni
H
[8]
S
[8]
*
Acropora microclados
H
[9]
S
[9]
*
Acropora microphthalma
H
[8]
S
[8]
*
Acropora millepora
H
[8]
S
[8]
*
Acropora monticulosa
H
[15]
S
[15]
*
Acropora nana
H
[15]
S
[15]
*
Acropora nasuta
H
[8]
S
[8]
*
Acropora palmata
H
[7]
S
[7]
*
Acropora palmerae
H
[15]
S
[15]
*
Acropora papillarae
H
[1]
S
[1]
*
Acropora pharaonis
H
[11]
S
[11]
*
Acropora polystoma
H
[14]
S
[14]
*
Acropora prolifera
H
[16]
S
[16]
*
Acropora pulchra
H
[8]
S
[8]
3
Acroporidae
*
Acropora robusta
H
[12]
S
[12]
*
Acropora samoensis
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Acropora sarmentosa
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Acropora secale
H
[12]
S
[12]
*
Acropora selago
H
[2]
S
[2]
*
Acropora solitaryensis
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Acropora spathulata
H
[17]
S
[17]
*
Acropora spicifera
H
[2]
S
[2]
*
Acropora squarrosa
H
[2]
S
[2]
*
Acropora stoddarti
H
[2]
S
[2]
*
Acropora subglabra
H
[18]
S
[18]
*
Acropora subulata
H
[19]
S
[19]
*
Acropora surculosa
H
[20]
S
[20]
*
Acropora tenuis
H
[3]
S
[3]
*
Acropora tortuosa
H
[5]
S
[5]
*
Acropora valenciennesi
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Acropora valida
H
[8]
S
[8]
*
Acropora vaughani
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Acropora verweyi
H
[1]
S
[1]
*
Acropora willisae
H
[2]
S
[2]
*
Acropora yongei
H
[12]
S
[12]
*
Acropora (Isopora) brueggemanni
H
[21]
B
[21]
*
Acropora (Isopora) cuneata
H
[22]
B
[22]
*
Acropora (Isopora) palifera
H
[22]
B
[22]
*
Anacropora puertogalerae
H
[23]
S
[23]
*
Anacropora spinosa
H
[1]
S
[1]
*
Astreopora gracilis
H
[2]
S
[2]
*
Astreopora listeri
H
[15]
S
[15]
*
Astreopora myriophthalma
H
[3]
S
[3]
4
Acroporidae
*
Montipora aequituberculata
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Montipora altasepta
H
[23]
S
[23]
*
Montipora cactus
H
[23]
S
[23]
*
Montipora capricornis
H
[2]
S
[2]
*
Montipora crassituberculata
H
[23]
S
[23]
*
Montipora danae
H
[2]
S
[2]
*
Montipora digitata
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Montipora efflorescens
H
[15]
S
[15]
*
Montipora effusa
H
[24]
S
[24]
*
Montipora foliosa
H
[3]
S
[3]
*
Montipora foveolata
H
[20]
S
[20]
*
Montipora gaimardi
H
[18]
S
[18]
*
Montipora grisea
H
[2]
S
[2]
*
Montipora hirsuta
H
[1]
S
[1]
*
Montipora hispida
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Montipora hoffmeisteri
H
[2]
S
[2]
*
Montipora informis
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Montipora malampaya
H
[23]
S
[23]
*
Montipora mollis
H
[2]
S
[2]
*
Montipora monasteriata
H
[3]
S
[3]
*
Montipora peltiformis
H
[25]
S
[25]
*
Montipora samarensis
H
[23]
S
[23]
*
Montipora spumosa
H
[3]
S
[3]
*
Montipora stellata
H
[23]
S
[23]
*
Montipora tortuosa
H
[25]
S
[25]
*
Montipora tuberculosa
H
[3]
S
[3]
*
Montipora turgescens
H
[3]
S
[3]
*
Montipora turtlensis
H
[2]
S
[2]
*
Montipora venosa
H
[9]
S
[9]
5
*
Montipora verrucosa
H
[24]
S
[24]
Agariciidae
*
Agaricia agaricites
M
[26]
B
[27]
Agariciidae
*
Agaricia fragilis
M
[28]
?
*
Agaricia humilis
M
[29]
B
[27]
Agaricia tenuifolia
?
B
[30]
Coeloseris mayeri
G
[1]
S
[1]
Gardineroseris planulata
M
[31]
S
[31]
*
Leptoseris explanata
G
[2]
S
[2]
*
Pachyseris foliosa
G
[18]
S
[18]
*
Pachyseris rugosa
G
[3]
S
[3]
*
Pachyseris speciosa
G
[3]
S
[3]
*
Pavona cactus
G
[32]
S
[32]
*
Pavona chiriquiensis
M
[33]
S
[33]
*
Pavona clavus
G
[34]
S
[34]
*
Pavona gigantea
M
[31]
S
[31]
*
Pavona varians
M
[33]
S
[33]
*
Stephanocoenia michelinii
G
[35]
S
[35]
*
Stephanocoenia intersepta
M
[36]
S
[36]
Stylocoeniella armata
H
[1]
S
[1]
*
Madracis decactis
H
[37]
B
[37]
*
Madracis formosa
H
[37]
B
[37]
*
Madracis myriaster
H
[38]
B
[38]
*
Madracis pharensis
H
[37]
B
[37]
*
Madracis senaria
H
[37]
B
[37]
Caryophyllia ambrosia ambrosia
H
[39]
S
[39]
Caryophyllia cornuformis
H
[39]
S
[39]
Caryophyllia cyathus
?
B
[40]
Caryophyllia seguenzae
H
[39]
S
[39]
Caryophyllia smithii
G
[41]
S
[41]
Astrocoeniidae
Caryophylliidae
*
6
Caryophylliidae
Dendrophylliidae
Goniocorella dumosa
G
[42]
S
[42]
Heterocyathus aequicostatus
G
[43]
S
[43]
Hoplangia durotrix
H
[44]
?
*
Lophelia pertusa
G
[45]
S
[45]
*
Paracyathus stearnsii
G
[46]
S
[46]
Phyllangia americana americana
G
[47]
?
Solenosmilia variabilis
G
[42]
S
[42]
*
Astroides calycularis
H
[48]
B
[48]
*
Balanophyllia elegans
G
[49]
B
[49]
*
Balanophyllia europaea
H
[50]
B
[50]
Balanophyllia floridana
G
[47]
?
Balanophyllia regia
?
*
Cladopsammia rolandi
G
*
Dendrophyllia sp.
*
B
[51]
[52]
B
[52]
G
[53]
B
[53]
Enallopsammia rostrata
G
[42]
S
[42]
*
Heteropsammia cochlea
G
[43]
S
[43]
*
Leptopsammia pruvoti
G
[52]
B
[52]
Rhizopsammia minuta
?
B
[54]
Trochopsammia togata
?
B
[55]
Tubastrea aurea
?
B
[56]
Tubastrea coccinea
H
B
[55]
Tubastrea diaphana
?
B
[55]
Tubastrea faulkneri
G
B
[3]
Turbinaria bifrons
?
S
[2]
*
Turbinaria frondens
G
[10]
S
[10]
*
Turbinaria mesenterina
G
[57]
S
[57]
Turbinaria radicalis
?
S
[2]
*
Turbinaria reniformis
G
[10]
S
[10]
*
Catalaphyllia jardinei
G
[10]
S
[10]
*
*
Dendrophylliidae
Euphyllidae
[55]
[3]
7
Euphyllidae
*
Euphyllia ancora
G
[10]
S
[10]
*
Euphyllia divisa
G
[10]
S
[10]
Euphyllia glabrescens
?
B
[58]
Euphyllia paraencora
?
S
[59]
*
Physogyra lichtensteini
G
[10]
S
[10]
*
Plerogyra sinuosa
G
[1]
S
[1]
Australogyra zelli
H
[10]
S
[10]
Barabattoai amicorum
H
[3]
S
[3]
Caulastrea furcata
H
[10]
S
[10]
Cladocora arbuscula
G
[47]
?
Cladocora caespitosa
G
[60]
?
Colpophyllia natans
H
[61]
S
[61]
*
Cyphastrea chalcidicum
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Cyphastrea microphthalma
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Cyphastrea ocellina
H
[56]
B
[62]
*
Cyphastrea serailia
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Diploastrea heliopora
G
[63]
S
[64]
*
Diploria labyrinthiformis
H
[26]
S
[26]
*
Diploria strigosa
H
[7]
S
[7]
*
Echinopora ashmorensis
H
[2]
S
[2]
*
Echinopora gemmacea
H
[3]
S
[3]
*
Echinopora horrida
H
[3]
S
[3]
*
Echinopora lamellosa
H
[3]
S
[3]
*
Echinopora pacificus
H
[9]
S
[9]
*
Favia favus
H
[65]
S
[65]
*
Favia fragum
H
[66]
B
[66]
*
Favia gravida
H
[67]
B
[67]
*
Favia helianthoides
H
[68]
S
[68]
*
Favia laxa
H
[15]
S
[15]
Faviidae
*
8
Faviidae
*
Favia lizardensis
H
[3]
S
[3]
*
Favia matthaii
H
[3]
S
[3]
*
Favia pallida
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Favia rotumana
H
[3]
S
[3]
*
Favia speciosa
H
[9]
S
[9]
*
Favia stelligera
H
[3]
S
[3]
*
Favia veroni
H
[3]
S
[3]
*
Favites abdita
H
[69]
S
[69]
*
Favites chinensis
H
[9]
S
[9]
*
Favites complanata
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Favites flexuosa
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Favites halicora
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Favites pentagona
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Favites russelli
H
[15]
S
[15]
*
Goniastrea aspera
H
[70]
M
[70]
*
Goniastrea australensis
H
[2]
S
[2]
*
Goniastrea edwardsi
H
[3]
S
[3]
*
Goniastrea favulus
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Goniastrea palauensis
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Goniastrea pectinata
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Goniastrea retiformis
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Leptastrea purpurea
G
[9]
S
[9]
*
Leptastrea transversa
G
[1]
S
[1]
*
Leptoria phrygia
H
[69]
S
[69]
*
Manicina areolata
H
[47]
B
[71]
*
Montastrea annularis
H
[7]
S
[7]
*
Montastrea cavernosa
G
[7]
S
[7]
*
Montastrea curta
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Montastrea faveolata
H
[72]
S
[72]
9
Faviidae
Flabellidae
Fungiacyathidae
Fungiidae
*
Montastrea franksi
H
[72]
S
[72]
*
Montastrea magnistellata
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Montastrea valenciennesi
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Moseleya latistellata
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Oulastrea crispata
H
[73]
S
[73]
*
Oulophyllia bennettae
H
[68]
S
[68]
*
Oulophyllia crispa
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Platygyra acuta
H
[74]
S
[74]
*
Platygyra contorta
H
[9]
S
[9]
*
Platygyra daedalea
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Platygyra lamellina
H
[3]
S
[3]
*
Platygyra pini
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Platygyra ryukyuensis
H
[9]
S
[9]
*
Platygyra sinensis
H
[5]
S
[5]
Plesiastrea versipora
?
S
[15]
*
Flabellum alabastrum
G
[75]
S
[75]
*
Flabellum angulare
G
[75]
S
[75]
*
Flabellum curvatum
G
[75]
B
[75]
*
Flabellum impensum
G
[75]
B
[75]
Flabellum japonicum
G
[76]
?
*
Flabellum thouarsii
G
[75]
B
[75]
*
Monomyces rubrum
G
[77]
B
[77]
*
Fungiacyathus marenzelleri
G
[78]
S
[78]
*
Ctenactis echinata
G
[18]
S
[18]
Ctenactis crassa
G
[53]
?
*
Diaseris distorta
G
[79]
S
[79]
*
Fungia concinna
G
[10]
S
[10]
*
Fungia fungites
G
[10]
S
[10]
*
Fungia granulosa
G
[18]
S
[18]
10
*
Fungia horrida
G
[80]
S
[80]
*
Fungia paumotensis
G
[10]
S
[10]
*
Fungia repanda
G
[80]
S
[80]
Fungia scutaria
G
[81]
S
[81]
Heliofungia actiniformis
G
[1]
S
[10]
Herpolitha limax
G
[3]
?
Podabacia crustacea
G
[3]
?
Polyphyllia novaehiberniae
G
[10]
S
Polyphyllia talpina
G
[3]
?
*
Sandalolitha robusta
G
[3]
S
[3]
*
Dendrogyra cylindricus
G
[7]
S
[7]
*
Dichocoenia stellaris
G
[82]
S
[82]
*
Dichocoenia stokesi
M
[83]
S
[83]
*
Eusmilia fastigiata
G
[35]
B
[84]
*
Hydnophora exesa
H
[85]
S
[85]
*
Hydnophora microconos
H
[5]
S
[5]
*
Hydnophora pilosa
H
[2]
S
[2]
*
Hydnophora rigida
H
[3]
S
[3]
*
Merulina ampliata
H
[3]
S
[3]
Paraclavarina triangularis
H
[3]
S
[3]
Scapophyllia cylindrica
H
[10]
S
[10]
Letepsammia formosissima
?
B
[76]
*
Acanthastrea echinata
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Acanthastrea hillae
H
[2]
S
[2]
*
Acanthastrea lordhowensis
H
[14]
S
[14]
Blastomussa wellsi
?
S
[2]
Cynarina lacrymalis
H
S
[13]
Isophyllia sinuosa
?
B
[26]
Lobophyllia corymbosa
H
S
[65]
*
Fungiidae
Meandrinidae
Merulinidae
Merulinidae
*
*
Micrabaciidae
Mussidae
*
*
[13]
[65]
[10]
11
Oculinidae
Pectiniidae
*
Lobophyllia hemprichii
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Lobophyllia pachysepta
H
[86]
S
[86]
Mussa angulosa
H
[87]
?
*
Mussismilia braziliensis
H
[88]
S
[88]
*
Mussismilia harttii
H
[88]
S
[88]
*
Mussismilia hispida
H
[88]
S
[88]
*
Mycetophyllia ferox
H
[7]
B
[7]
*
Scolymia vitiensis
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Scolymia wellsi
H
[89]
B
[89]
*
Symphyllia radians
H
[32]
S
[32]
*
Symphyllia recta
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Symphyllia wilsoni
H
[2]
S
[2]
*
Galaxea astreata
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Galaxea fascicularis
M
[90]
S
[90]
*
Galaxea horrescens
H
[1]
B
[58]
*
Madrepora oculata
G
[45]
S
[45]
Oculina diffusa
G
[47]
?
*
Oculina varicosa
G
[91]
S
[91]
*
Echinophyllia aspera
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Echinophyllia orpheensis
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Mycedium elephantotus
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Mycedium robokaki
H
[18]
S
[18]
*
Oxypora glabra
H
[3]
S
[3]
*
Oxypora lacera
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Pectinia alcicornis
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Pectinia lactuca
H
[10]
S
[10]
*
Pectinia paeonia
H
[10]
S
[10]
Palauastrea ramosa
H
[1]
S
[1]
Pocillopora damicornis
H
[56]
M
[56, 92]
Pocilloporidae
*
12
Poritidae
Poritidae
*
Pocillopora elegans
H
[92]
S
[92]
*
Pocillopora eydouxi
H
[93]
S
[93]
*
Pocillopora meandrina
H
[94]
S
[94]
*
Pocillopora verrucosa
H
[93]
S
[93]
*
Seriatopora caliendrum
H
[11]
B
[11]
*
Seriatopora hystrix
H
[58]
B
[1]
*
Stylophora pistillata
H
[95]
B
[95]
*
Alveopora daedalea
H
[11]
B
[11]
*
Alveopora gigas
H
[2]
S
[2]
*
Alveopora japonica
H
[96]
B
[96]
*
Alveopora tizardi
H
[97]
S
[97]
*
Alveopora verrilliana
H
[2]
S
[2]
*
Goniopora columna
G
[10]
S
[10]
*
Goniopora djiboutiensis
G
[10]
S
[10]
*
Goniopora lobata
G
[98]
S
[98]
*
Goniopora minor
G
[10]
S
[10]
*
Goniopora norfolkensis
G
[10]
S
[10]
*
Goniopora savignyi
G
[13]
S
[13]
*
Goniopora stutchburyi
G
[2]
S
[2]
*
Goniopora tenuidens
G
[10]
S
[10]
Porites annae
?
S
[15]
*
Porites astreoides
M
[7]
B
[82]
*
Porites australiensis
G
[65]
S
[65]
*
Porites compressa
G
[99]
S
[99]
*
Porites cylindrica
G
[100]
S
[100]
*
Porites evermanni
G
[99]
S
[99]
*
Porites furcata
G
[101]
B
[101]
Porites heronensis
?
B
[102]
Porites horizontalata
G
S
[18]
*
[18]
13
*
Porites lobata
G
[100]
S
[100]
*
Porites lutea
G
[100]
S
[100]
*
Porites panamensis
G
[103]
B
[103]
*
Porites porites
G
[104]
B
[104]
*
Porites rus
G
[20]
S
[20]
Porites sillimaniani
?
B
[105]
Porites solida
G
S
[2]
Porites stephensoni
?
B
[32]
Stylaraea punctata
H
[106]
B
[106]
*
Rhizangiidae
*
Astrangia lajollaensis
G
[46]
S
[46]
Rhizangiidae
*
Astrangia poculata
G
[107]
S
[107]
Siderastreidae
*
Coscinaraea columna
G
[14]
S
[3]
Coscinaraea marshae
?
S
[2]
Psammocora contigua
G
[3]
?
Psammocora digitata
G
[3]
?
Psammocora stellata
G
[34]
S
[34]
Psammocora superficialis
?
S
[14]
*
Pseudosiderastrea tayamai
H
[108]
S
[108]
*
Siderastrea radians
G
[7]
B
[82]
*
Siderastrea siderea
G
[7]
S
[7]
*
Siderastrea stellata
G
[109]
S
[109]
*
Trachyphyllia geoffroyi
H
[110]
S
[110]
*
Trachyphylliidae
10
1.
2.
3.
4.
15
[2]
Baird, A.H., unpublished data.
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