CCSDS RF AND MODULATION WG
INDEPENDENT VALIDATIONS OF
DATA TRANSMISSION AND PN
RANGING FOR 2 GHZ CDMA LINK VIA
DATA RELAY SATELLITE
DRAFT CCSDS RECORD
CCSDS 415.1-Y-0
Draft Yellow Book
July 25, 2011
Independent Validations of Data Transmission and PN Ranging for 2 GHz CDMA Link via Data
Relay Satellite
FOREWORD
Through the process of normal evolution, it is expected that expansion, deletion, or
modification of this document may occur. This Recommended Standard is therefore subject
to CCSDS document management and change control procedures, which are defined in the
Procedures Manual for the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems. Current
versions of CCSDS documents are maintained at the CCSDS Web site:
http://www.ccsds.org/
Questions relating to the contents or status of this document should be addressed to the
CCSDS Secretariat at the address indicated on page i.
CCSDS 415.1-Y-0
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July 2011
Independent Validations of Data Transmission and PN Ranging for 2 GHz CDMA Link via Data
Relay Satellite
At time of publication, the active Member and Observer Agencies of the CCSDS were:
Member Agencies
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Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI)/Italy.
British National Space Centre (BNSC)/United Kingdom.
Canadian Space Agency (CSA)/Canada.
Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES)/France.
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR)/Germany.
European Space Agency (ESA)/Europe.
Federal Space Agency (FSA)/Russian Federation.
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)/Brazil.
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)/Japan.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/USA.
Observer Agencies
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Austrian Space Agency (ASA)/Austria.
Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BFSPO)/Belgium.
Central Research Institute of Machine Building (TsNIIMash)/Russian Federation.
Centro Tecnico Aeroespacial (CTA)/Brazil.
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)/China.
Chinese Academy of Space Technology (CAST)/China.
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)/Australia.
Danish National Space Center (DNSC)/Denmark.
European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
(EUMETSAT)/Europe.
European Telecommunications Satellite Organization (EUTELSAT)/Europe.
Hellenic National Space Committee (HNSC)/Greece.
Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)/India.
Institute of Space Research (IKI)/Russian Federation.
KFKI Research Institute for Particle & Nuclear Physics (KFKI)/Hungary.
Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI)/Korea.
MIKOMTEK: CSIR (CSIR)/Republic of South Africa.
Ministry of Communications (MOC)/Israel.
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)/Japan.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/USA.
National Space Organization (NSPO)/Taiwan.
Naval Center for Space Technology (NCST)/USA.
Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO)/Pakistan.
Swedish Space Corporation (SSC)/Sweden.
United States Geological Survey (USGS)/USA.
CCSDS 415.1-Y-0
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Independent Validations of Data Transmission and PN Ranging for 2 GHz CDMA Link via Data
Relay Satellite
DOCUMENT CONTROL
Document
Title
Date
Status
CCSDS
451.1-Y-1
Independent Validations of Data
Transmission and PN Ranging for 2
GHz CDMA Link via Data Relay
Satellite, Issue 1
July 2011
Current issue
CCSDS 415.1-Y-0
Page iii
July 2011
Independent Validations of Data Transmission and PN Ranging for 2 GHz CDMA Link via Data
Relay Satellite
CONTENTS
Section
1
2
3
4
5
Page
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 PURPOSE ............................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 SCOPE .................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.3 ORGANIZATION OF THIS REPORT .................................................................. 1-1
INDEPENDENT VALIDATIONS OF THE STANDARD ........................................ 2-2
2.1 OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................... 2-2
2.2 SPACECRAFT IMPLEMENTATIONS ................................................................ 2-2
2.3 NEW CDMA CODES INTEROPERABILITY REPORTS ................................... 2-2
PATENTS FOR THE PROPOSED STANDARDERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 3-3
ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................. 4-4
CCSDS 415.1-Y-0
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1
1.1
INTRODUCTION
PURPOSE
This document is in response to CCSDS A02.1-Y-2, “Restructured Organization and Processes for the
Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems” [3], which for elevating a book to Blue status (adopted
recommended standard) requires that “At least two independent and interoperable prototypes or
implementations must have been developed and demonstrated in an operationally-relevant environment,
either real or simulated”.
The document under adoption is CCSDS 415.0-R-1, “Data Transmission and PN Ranging for 2 GHz
CDMA Link via Data Relay Satellite” [1].
Document CCSDS A02.1-Y-2 [3] also requires that “If patented or otherwise controlled technology is
required for the separate implementations, they each must also have resulted from separate exercise of
the licensing process”. This requirement is also addressed in the present document.
1.2
SCOPE
This document is not a part of any CCSDS Recommended Standard. Since the modulations and the
CDMA structure described in the CCSDS 415.0-R-1 “Data Transmission and PN Ranging for 2 GHz
CDMA Link via Data Relay Satellite” [1] has been well implemented and proven over the last 30 years,
this document will concentrate on the new family of PN codes developed for the expanded use by
CCSDS agencies. Examples of the use of the SNIP codes will be mentioned.
1.3
ORGANIZATION OF THIS REPORT
This document is divided into three parts. Section 1 (this section) presents the purpose and organization
of the book. Section 2 documents several independent implementations and simulations of the proposed
standard. Section 3 documents (that there are no) licensing agreements (since there are no patents) for
the proposed standard.
CCSDS 415.1-Y-0
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2
2.1
INDEPENDENT VALIDATIONS OF THE STANDARD
OVERVIEW
This standard is a simple extension of the SNIP agreement [2] whose first issue was signed by ESA,
NASA and NASDA (now JAXA) on 21 February 1991 and under which many missions have been
successfully cross supported without any problems for more than 20 years.
The extension of this standard from the SNIP standard is an additional family of codes while all
other parameters (modulations, data rates, transmission and reception imperfections, channel
characteristics, frequencies of operations, operating conditions, etc.) remain the same. The extension
to the new family of codes is needed due to the small number of SNIP codes.
The new family has been shown to have the same properties as the SNIP family by two independent
simulation activities carried out in the frame of the RF and Modulation WG of the CCSDS Space
Link Service area.
2.2
SPACECRAFT IMPLEMENTATIONS
The CCSDS proposed Data Transmission and PN Ranging schemes has been flown in space on tens
of satellites belonging to ESA, JAXA and NASA cross supported by ESA’s ARTEMIS, JAXA’s
DRTS and NASA’s TDRSS geostationary satellites.
All these implementations have, however, used the SNIP family of PN codes [2].
2.3
NEW CDMA CODES INTEROPERABILITY REPORTS
The only difference between the proposed CCSDS standard [1] and the SNIP agreement [2] is that
the former includes additional families of CDMA codes to make it possible for other CCSDS
Agencies to adopt such standard.
The original work on the new set of CDMA codes was presented at the RFM WG in Berlin Germany
in October of 2008 [4]. The work was carried out by ITT under contract with NASA.
This activity found that of the total possible 6676 Maximal Forward Ranging codes, 1898 met the
required properties and would be available for CCSDS use, and that of the possible 4380 Return
Ranging codes, 1252 met the required properties and would be available for CCSDS use. This would
be a substantial enlargement of the SNIP family of codes that is restricted to 3 sets of 85 codes (one
per each of the three Agencies.)
A second and independent study and simulation work was done and presented at the RFM WG
meeting in Pasadena Ca, 2009 [5]. Such activity was carried out by NASA/GSFC. The second study
confirmed the results of the first study in terms of number of codes and codes proper compatible with
the SNIP codes. Additionally, simulations of cross correlation between the codes showed the same
results of the previous study.
CCSDS 415.1-Y-0
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Satellite
3
REFERENCES
[1] CCSDS 415.0-R-1, “Data Transmission and PN Ranging for 2 GHz CDMA Link via
Data Relay Satellite”, Draft Recommended Standard
[2] “Space Network Interoperability PN Code Libraries”, Revision 1, 451-PN CODESNIP. Greenbelt, Maryland: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, November 1998.
[3] CCSDS A02.1-Y-2, “Restructured Organization and Processes for the Consultative
Committee for Space Data Systems”
[4] SLS-RFM_08-14, “CDMA Formats for Data and Tracking”
[5] SLS-RFM_09-06, “Second Study of the CCSDS Family of PN Spreading Codes”
[6] CCSDS 401.0-B-20, “Radio Frequency and Modulation Systems—Part 1: Earth
Stations and Spacecraft”, Recommended Standard
CCSDS 415.1-Y-0
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Satellite
4
ACRONYMS
ARTEMIS
Advanced Relay and Technology Mission (ESA)
CDMA
Code Division Multiple Access
DRTS
Data Relay and Tracking Satellite (JAXA)
PN
Pseudorandom Noise
SN
Space Network (NASA TDRSS)
SNIP
Space Network Interoperability Panel
TDRSS
Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (NASA)
CCSDS 415.1-Y-0
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