盟軍總部與中日漁權爭議（1945-1952）
The Issue of Fishery Rights among
General Headquarters, the Republic of
China and Japan, 1945-1952
Kuan-Jen Chen *
Abstract
After the Sino-Japan War broke out in 1937, the Chinese coastline
harbors gradually fell under the Japanese control. When Guangdong province was
occupied
in October 1938, the Republic of China had completely lost her control on
the
main harbors on its soil. As a consequence, the development of all fishery related
matters was
suspended . When Japan surrendered in August 15, 1945, the Chinese
government
regained
all
of
the control
of
her
coastline harbors.
the war-time damages to China’s economic structure
However,
had to be
reorganized. For that purpose, the Chinese government re-opened the discussions
on territorial waters, in
the hope of recovering the fishery prosperity through rectifying and reforming the
system, and reducing the disputes with other countries over fishery rights before the
war.
After Japan’s surrender, the Allied Forces established the General Headquarters
(GHQ) in Tokyo immediately; it controlled the substantial domestic and
diplomatic affairs of Japan . Japan was in a non-normal state before
signing the Treaty of
Peace in San Francisco. For this reason, Japan could not practice
fishery right,
which was a symbol
of the sovereign right. Due to the need of solving the famine
issue in Japan, the General Headquarters delimited the fishing boundaries of Japan,
the so-called “MacArthur Line”. But the delimitation caused subsequent
disputes between Japan and other neighboring countries, including the Republic of
China.
The Far Eastern Commission discussed issues concerning the draft of the
“Fishing and Aquatic Industries in Japan” in 1947. To reduce her burdens of the
trusteeship of Japan and strengthening her importance in the East Asia, the USA
*
Graduate Student, Department of History, National Chengchi University.
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國史館館刊
第 27期
took an arbitrary attitude toward the fishery draft, and this attitude prompted
discontent of
Japanese neighboring countries (e.g. R.O.C. and USSR). As a
result, Far Eastern Commission did not adopt this version of draft. However, the
General Headquarters still extended Japan’s fishery zone without the consents of
neighboring countries.
From 1948 to 1952, many Japanese fishing boats were still transgressing
the fishery delimitation. The
government of the Republic of China
established domestic laws to counteract Japanese intrusion, but this
action led to conflicts
with the functions and powers of the General Headquarters. Finally, due
to the consideration of the international circumstances, the
government of
the Republic
of China gave way to the General Headquarters. When the Treaty of Peace with
Japan came into effect in 1952, Japan became independent without trusteeship.
The
fishery negotiation between the Republic of China and Japan turned a
new page without the GHQ’s interferences. This study uses the archives in Taiwan
and Tokyo
to clarify the issue of the fishery right discussed among the General Headquarters,
the Republic of China and Japan after the WWII.
Keywords: the
Fishery
Right,
the
diplomacy
of
the
Republic
of
China, the relationship between the Republic of China and Japan,
the General Headquarters, the Far Eastern Commission
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