Name:
C5 Notes – DNA & Modern Genetics
I. DNA and RNA are required to make proteins. (DNA is the code, mRNA
is the codon, and tRNA is the anticodon)
A. DNA is the information molecule. (Code)
1. Proteins and amino acids
2. DNA and the genetic code
3. Replication (Copy of DNA is made before the cell divides)
B. RNA is needed to make proteins.
1. Transcription (mRNA – gets the code from DNA)
2. Translation (a.a.ation mRNA and tRNA hook up to unite
amino acids to form proteins)
II. Changes in DNA can produce variation. (mutations)
A. DNA sequences can change.
B. Mutations can cause genetic disorders. (3 scenarios: no effect,
minor effect, major effect)
C. Cancer is a genetic disorder that affects the cell cycle.
(associated with carcinogens)
III. Modern genetics uses DNA technology.
A. Changes in DNA can change an organism.
1. Selective breeding (dogs)
2. Genetic engineering
B. There are risks and benefits associated with genetic
engineering.
C. DNA technology has many applications.
1. DNA identification
2. Studying genomes (The human genome project sequences 3
billion nucleotide bands in 1 set of human chromosomes)
Name:
DNA is the Information Molecule (“The Code”)
 DNA carries the information needed to function, grow,
and divide.
 Proteins do the work of a cell and make up much of the
structure.
 DNA stores the information that enables a cell to put
together the right sequences of amino acids – to make the
right proteins.