IV.
Economic Revival
V.
A. Growth of Trade
a. Trade caravans
b. Trade fairs
c. Italy and Flanders
d. Demands for money
i. Growth of banking – credit, loans, etc.
1. Just price
2. Usury
e. Guilds – merchant and craft
B. Rise of Towns
a. New middle class
b. Origins of towns
i. Roman outposts
ii. Cathedrals and monasteries
c. Typical town
d. Problems
e. Role of Guilds – Town government
f. Liberties
g. “Town Air”
h. Town justice
Christianity in Medieval Reforms
A. Papal Monarchy
a. Papal States
b. Pope’s involvement in civil affairs
B. Reform of Papacy
a. Church problems
i. Popes without a calling
ii. Priests – non-celibate
iii. Lay investiture
iv. Simony
v. Sale of indulgences
b. Leo IX – reforms
c. Lateran Synod of 1059
i. College of Cardinals
d. Gregory VII – Greatest of Medieval Popes
i. Lay investiture controversy
ii. Henry IV – HRE
iii. Concordat of Worms
e. Urban II
i. College of Cardinals
ii. Curia Romana
C. Reform of Monasteries - materialism
a. William the Pious – Aquitaine
i. Feudalism/monasticism
b. Cluny – Berno, Odo – Reforms
c. Cestercians – Bernard of Clairvaux
VI.
Culture of Middle Ages
A. Rise of Universities
a. Monasteries to universities
b. Student guilds
c. Town and gown
d. Curriculum
e. Degrees
B. Scholasticism
a. Faith vs. reason
b. Peter Abelard Sic et Non
c. Thomas Aquinas
i. Summa Theologica
C. Vernacular Literature
a. Dante Alighari
i. Inferno
b. Geoffrey Chaucer
i. Canterbury Tales
D. Cathedral
a. Romanesque
b. Gothic
i. Size and scale
ii. Flying buttresses
iii. Stain glass art
VII.
Crusades
A.
B.
C.
D.
Causes of the Crusades
Reasons for participation
Peoples’ Crusade
First Crusade
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
VIII.
Crusader Kingdom
Third Crusade
Fourth Crusade
Childrens’ Crusade
Results
The Black Plague
A. Origins of the Plague
B. Impact of the Plague
a. Death rate
b. Impact on daily life
IX.
Formation of Nation States
A. England
a. Anglo-Saxon England
i. Witan
ii. Danegeld
iii. Danelaw
b. Norman Conquest
i. William of Normandy
ii. Hastings 1066
iii. Norman feudalism
iv. Domesday Book
c. Henry II
d. Richard I
e. John I
f. Edward I
g. Richard II
B. France
a. Hugh Capet
b. Louis VI
c. Louis VII
d. Philip Augustus
e. Philip IV the Fair
f. Charles V
g. Charles VII – Joan of Arc
C. The Holy Roman Empires
a. Otto I
b.
c.
d.
e.
X.
Henry III
Henry IV
Frederick Barbarossa
Lombard League
Hundred Years’ War
A. Early Phase
a. Cause of the conflict
b. Destruction of French fleet at Slays
c. English longbow Crecy
B. Capture of John II
a. Capture and death
b. Treaty of Bretigny
C. The Jacquerie
a. Peasants revolt
b. Nobles response
D. Success under Charles V the Wise
E. Charles VII and Joan of Arc
F. Results of 100 Years’ War