19 Cells; Size, Membrane, and Diffusion
Bio. “B” Pages 117-122
Name: _______________________ Date: __________ Period: _________
All organisms are made up of (a) small compartment(s) known as (a)
cell(s). All living organisms must meet certain tests to be called alive. That
is to say it:
1.) reproduces
2.) grows larger (develops)
3.) exchanges gasses
4.) takes in (or processes) food or energy/expels waste
5.) contains genetic material (DNA)
6.) contains one or more cells
7.) responds to the outside environment/adapts
8.) dies
Feature 1: Living things reproduce and passes on its DNA (genetic
material). If a living thing did not reproduce-we must assume that this
single animal or many animals will die off. Then there will be none left.
When living things reproduce - it is to
their advantage to reproduce an offspring that is
different (even if slightly different) than the
parent. This gives the offspring a better
chance of surviving in the changing world
(environment) around them. The reason for
this is that the environment is always changing.
Each offspring will be different and have a
better (or worse) chance of surviving in the
changing environment.
Feature 2: Living organisms tend to get bigger or develop. They either get
bigger by having one cell get a little larger or they get bigger by producing
more cells that work together to help the whole organism survive.
Feature 3: Living organisms exchange gasses. For our purposes,
organisms take in oxygen OR carbon dioxide. There are other organisms
that use ammonia (gas at room temperature), hydrogen sulfide (gas at room
temperature), and other gasses-but we will confine our discussions to oxygen
(O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
Page 2 (Cont. Handout #19 Bio. B)
Feature 4: Living things need a source of energy to stay organized. We can
divide organisms under this feature into two groups: (1)
those organisms that can make their own food –
producers and
(2) those organisms that
must ingest or
eat high energy
compounds
(food) – consumers.
Producers are
plants or “plant-like”
organisms that
can convert sunlight energy into food
energy through a
process called photosynthesis (makes
sugar).
Feature 5: Living things MUST have
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) which
is another name for genetic material.
make....
Each organism "gets” its genetic material sugar helps
by having a parent cell or parents
share copies of its DNA with offspring.
All organisms are a little different from
Their “parent” so that they might have
to run the cell!
A better chance at survival.
SUGAR (food)
Energy Packets
(ATP)
Feature 6: Living things are made of one
or more cells. The cell is a basic unit of
all living things. This means that all living things (at our
present understanding) have at least ONE cell (these organisms
are called uni-cellular) and many organisms have more than
one cell (these organisms are called multi-cellular). Multicellular organisms have cells that work together to form a
living organism- such as you and me! ALL organisms start out as ONE
cell!
Feature 7: Living things respond to external stimulation
or the external environment. Plants respond to light by
growing toward the light. We respond to light often by
producing dark pigments over a period of time (a tan).
You respond to a changing
environment by shivering if it gets cold
outside. When you run, your heart-rate increases, you
breathe more often, and you may sweat to help cool you
down.
Page 3 (Cont. Handout #19 Bio. B)
Feature 8: Living things MUST eventually die.
Answer the following questions on this handout AND a scan-tron!
_____ 1.) ALL living things:
a.) begin as one cell b.) are single or multi-cell c.) both “A”& “B”
_____ 2.) We define “living” by
a.) looking at the organism and seeing if it breathing
b.) looking at the organism and seeing if it is moving
c.) looking at the organism and seeing if it reproduces
d.) looking for traits that are found in all living organisms
_____ 3.) Why is it important that offspring are different from the parent?
a.) so they do not compete for the same food
b.) so they might have a better chance at surviving than the parent
c.) so they grow bigger than the parent
d.) so they can live in a completely different environment than the parent
_____ 4.) All living organisms grow:
a.) smaller b.) never grow c.) larger d.) all of these are correct
_____ 5.) Why do organisms need to take in or produce energy compounds?
a.) to break down compounds to ATP
b.) to help the organism stay organized
c.) to maintain life
d.) all of the above are correct
_____ 6.) A consumer is
a.) an organism that releases energy to survive
b.) an organism that needs no food
c.) an organism that needs to absorbs sunlight and produces food
d.) an organism that needs to eat food to obtain energy
_____ 7.) A producer is
a.) an organism that needs no food
b.) an organism that absorbs sunlight and produces food
c.) an organism that needs to eat food to obtain energy
d.) an organism that releases energy to survive
Page 4 (Cont. #19 Biology B)
_____ 8.) Why is “cloning a human” (making an exact copy of a human)
NOT such a good idea in terms of evolution?
a.) this does not allow the “offspring” or clone to be different from parent
b.) this makes it difficult to tell the two “copies” apart
c.) this means two copies can live on the same amount of food as just one
d.) this means that two copies will compete for the same mates
_____ 9.) A plant cell growing toward sunlight is an example of?
a.) the plant responding to the environment
b.) the plant trying to stay warm
c.) the plant trying to dry out
d.) the plant growing regardless of the environment
_____ 10.) A “successful” organism:
a.) can find enough food for itself
b.) can reproduce (pass its genetic material on)
c.) can care and feed its offspring (until it can fend for itself)
d.) all of the above are necessary for a successful organism
Date: ____________________
Lesson Plan for Handout #19 Biology B
Objective: TLWD ability to list at least five things all living things need to
do to survive. Each student should be able to relate and explain how these
five things are found in themselves when given handout #19
Content: Themes found in living organisms.
1.) composed of one or more cells
2.) contains genetic material (DNA/RNA)
3.) responds to the environment
4.) grows larger
5.) reproduces
6.) processes energy
7.) exchanges gasses/waste
8.) dies
NJCCCS: 5.3.12.A.3., 5.3.12.A.5., 5.3.12.B.1., 5.3.12.B.4., 5.3.12.B.5
Method: White board; suggestions from students, power point, discussion,
handout
Homework: Complete #19
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