3GPP2 C.S0056-A v0.1
03 May 2012
© 2012 3GPP2
3GPP2 and its Organizational Partners claim copyright in this document and individual Organizational
Partners may copyright and issue documents or standards publications in individual Organizational Partner's name based on this document. Requests for reproduction of this document should be directed to the 3GPP2
Secretariat at secretariat@3gpp2.org
. Requests to reproduce individual Organizational Partner's documents should be directed to that Organizational Partner. See www.3gpp2.org
for more information.

3GPP2 C.S0056-0 v1.0
Revision
Rev 0 v1.0
Rev A v0.1
Description of Changes
Initial Publication
Initial working draft for Rev.A
Updated section 2.1.1 with text from C41-EAAH-20120216-004
Updated section 2.1.2 with text from C41-EAAH-20120216-003
Added new section 2.1.3 with text from C41-EAAH-20111212-002R1
Updated section 2.2.1 with text from C41-EAAH-20120216-006
Updated section 2.2.2 with text from C41-EAAH-20120216-005
Added new section 2.2.3 with text from C41-EAAH-20111212-002R1
Voided section 2.3 according to C41-EAAH-20120503-004
Added new section 2.4 according to C41-EAAH-20120503-005
Added new section 2.5 according to C41-EAAH-20111212-003
Updated section 3.2 according to C41-EAAH-20120308-005
Date
22 July 2005
03 May 2012
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3GPP2 C.S0056-0 v1.0
CONTENTS
NORMATIVE REFERENCES ............................................................................................. vii
INFORMATIVE REFERENCES ......................................................................................... viii
1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1-1
1.1
Scope................................................................................................................ 1-1
1.2
Terms ............................................................................................................... 1-1
2 Electro-Acoustic Requirements ................................................................................ 2-1
2.1
Receive Audio Interface ..................................................................................... 2-1
2.1.1
Receive Audio Frequency Response ............................................................. 2-1
2.1.1.1
Definition ............................................................................................. 2-1
2.1.1.2
Method of Measurement ....................................................................... 2-1
2.1.1.3
Minimum Standard .............................................................................. 2-1
2.1.2
Receive Audio Sensitivity ............................................................................. 2-3
2.1.2.1
Definition ............................................................................................. 2-3
2.1.2.2
Method of Measurement ....................................................................... 2-3
2.1.2.3
Minimum Standard .............................................................................. 2-3
2.1.3
Idle channel noise in receiving direction ...................................................... 2-4
2.1.3.1
Definition ............................................................................................. 2-4
2.1.3.2
Method of Measurement ....................................................................... 2-4
2.1.3.3
Minimum Standard .............................................................................. 2-4
2.2
Send Audio Interface ......................................................................................... 2-4
2.2.1
Send Audio Frequency Response ................................................................. 2-4
2.2.1.1
Definition ............................................................................................. 2-4
2.2.1.2
Method of Measurement ....................................................................... 2-4
2.2.1.3
Minimum Standard .............................................................................. 2-4
2.2.2
Send Audio Sensitivity ................................................................................ 2-5
2.2.2.1
Definition ............................................................................................. 2-5
2.2.2.2
Method of Measurement ....................................................................... 2-5
2.2.2.3
Minimum Standard .............................................................................. 2-5
2.2.3
Weighted Terminal Coupling Loss ................................................................ 2-6
2.2.3.1
Definition ............................................................................................. 2-6
2.2.3.2
Method of Measurement ....................................................................... 2-6
2.2.3.3
Minimum Standard .............................................................................. 2-6
2.2.4
Idle channel noise in sending direction ........................................................ 2-6
2.2.4.1
Definition ............................................................................................. 2-6
2.2.4.2
Method of Measurement ....................................................................... 2-6
2.2.4.3
Minimum Standard .............................................................................. 2-6 i

3GPP2 C.S0056-0 v1.0
2.3
Loudness Contrast ............................................................................................ 2-6
2.3.1
Definition ................................................................................................... 2-6
2.3.2
Method of Measurement .............................................................................. 2-6
2.3.3
Minimum Standard ..................................................................................... 2-6
2.4
Wideband to Narrowband Loudness Contrast .................................................... 2-7
2.4.1
Definition ................................................................................................... 2-7
2.4.2
Method of Measurement .............................................................................. 2-7
2.4.3
Minimum Standard ..................................................................................... 2-7
2.5
Talker Sidetone characteristics .......................................................................... 2-7
2.5.1
Talker Sidetone Masking Rating (STMR) ...................................................... 2-7
2.5.1.1
Definition ............................................................................................. 2-7
2.5.1.2
Method of Measurement ....................................................................... 2-7
2.5.1.3
Minimum Standard .............................................................................. 2-7
2.5.2
Talker Sidetone Delay ................................................................................. 2-8
2.5.2.1
Definition ............................................................................................. 2-8
2.5.2.2
Method of Measurement ....................................................................... 2-8
2.5.2.3
Minimum Standard .............................................................................. 2-8
3 Electro-acoustic Standard Test Conditions............................................................... 3-1
3.1
Reference Base Station Simulator Requirements ................................................ 3-1
3.1.1
Receive Level .............................................................................................. 3-1
3.1.2
Send Level .................................................................................................. 3-1
3.1.3
Other Requirements .................................................................................... 3-1
3.2
Ear Simulators.................................................................................................. 3-1
3.3
Acoustic Test Signals ........................................................................................ 3-1
3.3.1
Normal Test Signal ...................................................................................... 3-1
3.3.2
Echo-Loss Test Signal ................................................................................. 3-2
3.4
Standard Test Conditions .................................................................................. 3-2
ANNEX A: Loudness Rating Conversions .................................................................. A-1
ANNEX B: Maximum Acoustic Pressure Level ........................................................... B-1
ANNEX C: Ear Simulator .......................................................................................... C-1
C.1
Artificial Ears .................................................................................................... C-1
C.2
Type 1 .............................................................................................................. C-1
C.3
Type 2 .............................................................................................................. C-2
C.4
Type 3 .............................................................................................................. C-2
C.4.1
Type 3.2 ..................................................................................................... C-2
C.4.2
Type 3.3 ..................................................................................................... C-3
C.4.3
Type 3.4 ..................................................................................................... C-3 ii

3GPP2 C.S0056-0 v1.0
TABLES
Table 2.1-1. Receive Frequency Response Mask ............................................................. 2-1
Table 2.2-1. Send Frequency Response Mask ................................................................. 2-4
Table 3.2-1. Acceptable Ear Simulators ...................... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Table C.1-1. Ear Simulator Types .................................................................................. C-1 iii

3GPP2 C.S0056-0 v1.0
FIGURES
Figure 2.1-1 Receive Frequency Response Mask ......... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Figure 2.2-1 Send Frequency Response Mask ................................................................ 2-4 iv

3GPP2 C.S0056-0 v1.0
Notes
1.
“Base station” refers to the functions performed on the land side, which are typically distributed among a cell, a sector of a cell, and a mobile communications switching center.
2.
This standard uses the following verbal forms: “Shall” and “shall not” identify requirements to be followed strictly to conform to the standard and from which no deviation is permitted. “Should” and “should not” indicate that one of several possibilities is recommended as particularly suitable, without mentioning or excluding others; that a certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily required; or that
(in the negative form) a certain possibility or course of action is discouraged but not prohibited. “May” and “need not” indicate a course of action permissible within the limits of the standard. “Can” and “cannot” are used for statements of possibility and capability, whether material, physical, or causal.
3.
The following operators define mathematical operations: x
indicates multiplication.
/ indicates division.
+ indicates addition.
- indicates subtraction.
* indicates complex conjugation.
 indicates a member of the set.
 x  indicates the largest integer less than or equal to x:  1.1
 = 1,  1.0
 = 1.
|x| indicates the absolute value of x: |-17|=17, |17|=17. v

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NORMATIVE REFERENCES
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. ANSI and TIA maintain registers of currently valid national standards published by them.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
ANSI S1.4-1983 (R2001), American National Standard Specification for Sound
Level Meters.
ANSI S1.4A-1983 (R2001), Amendment 1 - American National Standard
Specification for Sound Level Meters.
IEEE Std 269-2002, Standard Method for Measuring Transmission Performance of
Analog and Digital Telephone Set, Handsets and Headset.
ITU-T Recommendation G.122, Influence of National Systems on Stability and
Talker Echo in International Connections, 1993.
TIA/EIA-690, Recommended Minimum Standards for 800 MHz Subscriber Units,
November 2000.
3GPP2 C.S0014-0, Enhanced Variable Rate Codec (EVRC), December 1999.
3GPP2 C.S0011-C, Recommended Minimum Performance Standards cdma2000
Spread Spectrum Mobile Stations, 2005. vii

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INFORMATIVE REFERENCES
At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. ANSI and TIA maintain registers of currently valid national standards published by them.
8.
9.
IEEE Std 661-1979, IEEE Standard Method for Determining Objective Loudness
Ratings of Telephone Connections.
ITU Recommendation P.79, Calculation of loudness ratings for telephone sets,
September 1999.
10. TIA/EIA-810-A, Telecommunications - Telephone Terminal Equipment-
Transmission Requirements for Narrowband, December 2000.
11. TIA/EIA-579-A, Telecommunications Telephone Terminal Equipment Transmission
Requirements for Digital Wireline Telephones, November 1998.
12. IEC 60950-1, Information Technology Equipment – Safety –Part 1: General
Requirements, October 2002
13. ITU Recommendation P.501, Test signals for use in telephonometry, May 2000.
14. TIA-470.110-C, Telecommunications — Handset Acoustic Performance
Requirements for Analog Terminal Equipment Connected to the Public Switched
Telephone Network. viii

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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1
Scope
This document details definitions, methods of measurement, and minimum electroacoustic performance characteristics for Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) mobile stations. These standards are intended to ensure a level of electro-acoustic performance approaching that defined by the ITU-T for PSTN circuits. These electro-acoustic requirements are applicable to all Speech Service Options supported by the mobile station. These requirements are applicable to mobile station handsets. Requirements for loudspeaker, headset, and hands-free configurations are not addressed in the current document and are for further study. Test methods are recommended in this document; however, methods other than those recommended may suffice for the same purpose.
1.2
Terms
Base Station. A station in the Domestic Public Cellular Radio Telecommunications
Service, other than a mobile station, used for radio communications with mobile stations.
Codec. The combination of an analog-to-digital encoder and a digital-to-analog decoder in series (encoder/decoder).
dBA. A-weighted sound pressure level expressed in decibels obtained by the use of a metering characteristic and the weighting A specified in [1] and [2].
dBm. A measure of power expressed in terms of its ratio (in dB) to one milliwatt.
dBm0. Power level expressed in dBm relative to an arbitrarily defined reference point called the zero transmission level point, or 0 TLP [3].
dBPa. A measure of sound pressure level expressed in terms of its ratio (in dB) to one
Pascal, 20 log10 (Pressure/1 Pa). 1 Pa = 1Newton/m 2 .
dBSPL. A measure of Sound Pressure Level expressed in terms of its ratio in (dB) to 20
µPa, 20 log10 (Pressure/20µPa). dBPa is preferred.
Drum Reference Point (DRP). Point located at the end of the ear canal, corresponding to the ear-drum position.
Decoder. A device for the translation of a signal from a digital representation into an analog format, for the purposes of this standard, a cdma2000 ®1 compatible device.
Ear Reference Point (ERP). See section 3.20 of [3].
Encoder. A device for the coding of a signal into a digital representation, for the purposes of this standard, a cdma2000 compatible device.
Mobile Station. A station in the Domestic Public Cellular Radio Telecommunications
Service. It is assumed that mobile stations include portable units (for example, handheld personal units) and units installed in vehicles.
Mouth Reference Point (MRP). See section 3.30 of [3].
Nominal Volume Control Setting. Reference Receive Volume Control Setting, see
1 cdma2000 ® is the trademark for the technical nomenclature for certain specifications and standards of the Organizational Partners (OPs) of 3GPP2. Geographically (and as of the date of publication), cdma2000 ® is a registered trademark of the Telecommunications Industry Association
(TIA-USA) in the United States.
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3GPP2 C.S0056-0 v1.0
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3 section 3.38 of [3].
RLR. Receive Loudness Rating, a measure of receive audio sensitivity.
SLR. Send Loudness Rating, a measure of transmit audio sensitivity.
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2 ELECTRO-ACOUSTIC REQUIREMENTS
2.1
Receive Audio Interface
2.1.1
Receive Audio Frequency Response
2.1.1.1
Definition
The audio frequency response of the mobile station earpiece is defined as the variation of the ratio of the acoustic output of the earpiece to the signal input at a reference base station as a function of frequency. The measurement is conducted at DRP with diffusefield correction.
2.1.1.2
Method of Measurement
The receive audio frequency response shall be measured according to [3], using a real speech- test signal as described in 3.3.1.
2.1.1.3
Minimum Standard
The receive audio frequency response for narrowband and wideband shall lie within the floating masks defined by the respective mandatory upper and the mandatory lower boundary limits specified in Table 2.1-1. The points in the table shall be interpolated linearly on a log frequency scale to form piecewise linear upper and lower bounds. The measurement shall be conducted at DRP on a HATS compliant to [ITU-T P.57] with
1/3rd octave bandwidth analysis. The diffuse-field correction of Table 2.1-2 shall be applied. The diffuse-field correction is per [ITU-T P.58] The receive frequency response masks shall apply at the nominal volume control setting, see 2.1.2.3.
Frequency
(Hz)
Table 2.1-1. Receive Frequency Response Mask
Mandatory
Narrowband
Upper Limit
(dB)
Mandatory
Narrowband
Lower Limit
(dB)
Mandatory
Wideband
Upper Limit
(dB)
Mandatory
Wideband
Lower Limit
(dB)
100
200
315
3150
5000
4000
6300
8000
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6
6
6
6
6
-6
-6
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-10
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-6
-6
-12
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3GPP2 C.S0056-0 v1.0
Table 2.1-2 - Diffuse-field correction for receive frequency response measurements
Frequency (Hz) HATS Diffuse Field correction (dB)
500
630
800
1000
1250
1600
100
125
160
200
250
315
400
2000
2500
3150
4000
5000
6300
8000
-1.5
-2.0
-4.0
-5.0
-6.5
-8.0
0
0
0
0
-0.5
-0.5
-1.0
-10.5
-14.0
-12.0
-11.5
-11.0
-8.0
-6.5
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3GPP2 C.S0056-0 v1.0
1 Figure 2.1-1 Receive Frequency Response Masks
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0
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-9
Wideband Upper Limit (dB)
Wideband Lower Limit (dB)
Narrowband Upper Limit (dB)
Narrowband Lower Limit (dB)
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100 1000
Frequency (Hz)
10000
2.1.2
Receive Audio Sensitivity
2.1.2.1
Definition
The receive audio sensitivity is the ratio of the acoustic output of the mobile station earpiece to the electrical input at a reference base station expressed as a Receive
Loudness Rating (RLR). The reference point shall be ERP for this measurement.
2.1.2.2
Method of Measurement
The measurements shall be performed at both nominal and maximum volume settings.
RLR is measured according to the procedure given in [3] using a real speech test signal as described in 3.3.1.
2.1.2.3
Minimum Standard
RLR shall be between -1 dB and +5 dB, and the nominal target value should be 2 dB.
Where a user controlled receive volume control is provided, the nominal volume control setting is the setting that results in an RLR value closest to the nominal RLR. In cases where consecutive volume control settings result in RLR values that are equally far from the nominal RLR, the louder setting shall be selected. With the receive volume control set to maximum, the RLR shall not be less than (louder than) -13 dB. With the receive volume control set to minimum the RLR shall not be higher than (quieter than) 18dB.
These requirements apply to both narrowband and wideband modes of operation.
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2.1.3
Idle channel noise in receiving direction
2.1.3.1
Definition
The idle channel noise in the receiving direction is the A-weighted sound pressure level generated by the mobile station (measured at DRP with diffuse-field correction) when no signal is applied at the input of the reference base station.
2.1.3.2
Method of Measurement
The Idle channel noise in receiving direction shall be measured according to [3GPP TS
26.132 v10.2.0 (2011-10)]. If a mobile station volume control is provided, it shall be adjusted to its maximum setting.
2.1.3.3
Minimum Standard
The idle channel noise in receiving direction shall be ≤ -54 dBPa(A).
2.2
Send Audio Interface
2.2.1
Send Audio Frequency Response
2.2.1.1
Definition
The audio frequency response of the mobile station transmitter is defined as the variation of the ratio of the output from a reference base station to the acoustic input at the MRP as a function of frequency.
2.2.1.2
Method of Measurement
The send audio frequency response shall be measured according to [3], using a real speech test signal as described in 3.3.1 and using the mouth simulator as specified in
[3].
2.2.1.3
Minimum Standard
The send audio frequency response for narrowband and wideband shall lie within the floating masks defined by the respective mandatory upper and the mandatory lower boundary limits specified in Table 2.2-1. The points in the table shall be interpolated linearly on a log frequency scale to form piecewise linear upper and lower bounds. The measurement shall be conducted using 1/3rd octave bandwidth analysis.
Table 2.2-1. Send Frequency Response Masks
Frequency
(Hz)
100
200
315
1000
Mandatory
Narrowband
Upper Limit
(dB)
-9
3
3
3
Mandatory
Narrowband
Lower Limit
(dB)
-9
-3
Mandatory
Wideband
Upper Limit
(dB)
0
5
5
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Mandatory
Wideband
LowerLimit
(dB)
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-5
-5
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3GPP2 C.S0056-0 v1.0
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Figure 2.2
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1 Send Frequency Response Mask
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-10
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Wideband Upper Limit (dB)
Wideband Lower Limit (dB)
Narrowband Upper Limit (dB)
Narrowband Lower Limit (dB)
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Frequency (Hz)
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2.2.2
Send Audio Sensitivity
2.2.2.1
Definition
The send audio sensitivity is the ratio of the acoustic sound pressure input at the MRP to the resulting output of a reference base station expressed as a Send Loudness Rating
(SLR).
2.2.2.2
Method of Measurement
SLR is measured according to the procedure given in [3] using a real speech test signal as described in 3.3.1 and using the mouth simulator as specified in [3].
2.2.2.3
Minimum Standard
The SLR shall fall within the range +11 to +5 dB, and the nominal target value should be +8 dB. These requirements apply to both narrowband and wideband modes of operation.
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2.2.3
Weighted Terminal Coupling Loss
2.2.3.1
Definition
The weighted terminal coupling loss (TCL
W
) is the ratio of the rms spectrum of the electrical input signal to the rms spectrum of the output signal of a reference base station simulator in conjunction with the mobile station under test. The echo signal results from acoustic coupling between the mobile station earpiece and the mobile station microphone.
2.2.3.2
Method of Measurement
The echo frequency response in a mobile handset is measured in accordance with [3] using a speech-like test signal as described in 3.3.2. An alternative signal may be used provided that its crest factor is low enough to allow sufficient dynamic range for the measurement. The weighted terminal coupling loss is calculated from the echo frequency response according to [4] Annex B, Clause B.4.
2.2.3.3
Minimum Standard
With the receive volume control set to maximum, the weighted terminal coupling loss shall be at least 45 dB during single talk conditions.
2.2.4
Idle channel noise in sending direction
2.2.4.1
Definition
The idle channel noise in the sending direction is the psophometrically weighted electrical noise level generated by the mobile station (measured at the output of the reference base station) in silent conditions, i.e. when no acoustic signal is applied in the test room environment.
2.2.4.2
Method of Measurement
The Idle channel noise in sending direction shall be measured according to [3GPP TS
26.132 v10.2.0 (2011-10)].
2.2.4.3
Minimum Standard
The idle channel noise in sending direction shall be ≤ -64 dBm0p .
2.3
Loudness Contrast
2.3.1
Definition
Void
2.3.2
Method of Measurement
Void
2.3.3
Minimum Standard
Void
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2.4
Wideband to Narrowband Loudness Contrast
2.4.1
Definition
Wideband to Narrowband Loudness Contrast is defined for both send and receive paths.
Wideband to Narrowband Send Loudness Contrast is the difference between wideband
SLR and narrowband SLR. Wideband to Narrowband Receive Loudness Contrast is the difference between wideband RLR and narrowband RLR. This test applies only to mobile stations that support operation in both wideband and narrowband digital modes.
2.4.2
Method of Measurement
The measurements shall be performed at the nominal volume control setting. Where a user controlled receive volume control is provided, the measurement shall also be performed at the maximum volume control setting.
Measure and record receive loudness rating per section 2.1.2 for wideband and narrowband operation.
Measure and record send loudness rating per section 2.2.2 for wideband and narrowband digital operation.
The volume control setting shall not be changed between the wideband and narrowband measurements.
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2.4.3
Minimum Standard
The contrast in send and receive loudness ratings between wideband and narrowband digital modes for a given mobile station shall not exceed 3 dB.
2.5
Talker Sidetone characteristics
2.5.1
Talker Sidetone Masking Rating (STMR)
2.5.1.1
Definition
Talker sidetone is the direction of speech transmission from mouth to ear of the telephone user. The Talker Sidetone Masking Rating is a single-number value which corresponds to the perceived loudness loss of the talker sidetone connection, and takes into account the human sidetone signal as a masking threshold, as specified in ITU-T
Recommendation P.79.
2.5.1.2
Method of Measurement
The Talker Sidetone Masking Rating shall be measured according to [3GPP TS 26.132 v10.2.0 (2011-10)]; except that the test signal for normative measurements shall be single-talk real speech signals as described in [ITU-T COM 12 – C 255 – E – Section
7.3.2]
2.5.1.3
Minimum Standard
The talker sidetone masking rating (STMR) shall be ≥ 15 dB and should be ≤ 23 dB for the nominal setting of the volume control. For all other positions of the volume control, the STMR shall be ≥ 10 dB.
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2.5.2
Talker Sidetone Delay
2.5.2.1
Definition
The Talker Sidetone Delay is the delay of the talker electrical sidetone path measured between the HATS MRP and DRP.
2.5.2.2
Method of Measurement
The Talker Sidetone Delay shall be measured according to [3GPP TS 26.132 v10.2.0
(2011-10)].
2.5.2.3
Minimum Standard
The maximum Talker Sidetone Delay shall be ≤ 10 ms, measured in an echo-free setup.
The measured result is only applicable where the level of the electrical sidetone is sufficiently high to be measured. While the STMR value may indicate the presence of sidetone it should be ensured that this is not primarily due to the acoustical or mechanical sidetone path when interpreting sidetone delay results.
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3 ELECTRO-ACOUSTIC STANDARD TEST CONDITIONS
3.1
Reference Base Station Simulator Requirements
3.1.1
Receive Level
A Digital Test Sequence (DTS) representing the reference base station simulator’s codec equivalent of an analog sinusoidal signal whose rms value is 3.17 dB below the fullscale sinusoid capacity of the codec shall generate a level of 0dBm0 at the PSTN network [6], [3].
In analog operation, the reference base station simulator shall set the audio level so that a received 1004 Hz tone with a ±2.9 kHz peak frequency deviation produces a level of –18dBm0 at the PSTN network.
All signal levels will have a tolerance of ±0.5 dB as specified in [3].
All levels are specified in a 600 Ohm system [3].
3.1.2
Send Level
A sinusoidal signal with a level of 0dBm0 shall produce the digital test sequence (DTS) representing the codec equivalent of an analog sinusoidal signal whose rms value is
3.17 dB below the full-scale sinusoidal capacity of the codec [6], [3].
In analog operation, the reference base station simulator shall set the send level so that a 1004 Hz tone with a level of -18 dBm0 at the PSTN network produces a ±2.9 kHz peak frequency deviation of the transmitted carrier.
All signal levels will have a tolerance of ±0.5 dB as specified in [3].
All levels are specified in a 600 Ohm system [3].
3.1.3
Other Requirements
Other requirements for the reference base station simulator are defined in 6.4.3 of [7].
In analog operation the reference base station simulator shall support the compandor, pre-emphasis, and de-emphasis defined in [5] as necessary to perform the measurements defined in 2.3.
3.2
Ear Simulators
A Type 3.3 ear simulator (Anatomically shaped soft pinna according to [3]) shall be used for all tests.
3.3
Acoustic Test Signals
The test stimuli for the level, gain, frequency-response, and echo-loss measurements in this document are based on natural speech. The use of natural-speech based stimuli is predicated by the inherent nature of CDMA vocoders, which were designed for speech signals. Modified-IRS speech was used, since that weighting has been the default for recent CDMA-vocoder Selection and Characterization tests. In addition, this weighting provides for a spectrally “flatter” signal.
3.3.1
Normal Test Signal
The default test stimulus for the level, gain, and frequency-response measurements is
Normal.pcm (alternatively Normal.wav). This Modified-IRS weighted, multi-talker speech signal consists of four male and four female talkers, each presenting a different
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29 sentence-pair from a Harvard phonetically-balanced list. The presentation of the talkers is alternated by gender. The resulting activity factor of the composite signal is
77.4%. The level for each talker is coarsely normalized, and the overall active level of the composite signal is finely adjusted to a level of –19 dBm0 (the default nominal speech level used in recent CDMA-vocoder Selection and Characterization tests). A
1004 Hz calibration tone at this level is also provided to assist in setup of the measurement facility. This stimulus has been shown to provide for very good level, gain, and frequency-response measurement capability, in an appropriately configured measurement facility.
3.3.2
Echo-Loss Test Signal
The default test stimulus for the echo-loss measurement is EchoLoss.pcm (alternatively
EchoLoss.wav). The basis for this specific stimulus is the Normal.pcm signal described above, level adjusted to an active level of –20 dBm0 (the native nominal level for the following process system). The –20 dBm0 Normal.pcm signal was peak-compressed using a 16-bit 2’s-complement digitally-implemented parametric amplifier, which provided for a programmed level of instantaneous gain above a set digital threshold, and a unity gain below the threshold value. Compression was used to limit the peak/active-rms factor of the stimulus, allowing for further resolution in the echo-loss measurement. The compressor threshold was set at a digital level of |3620|, and the compression factor was set at 4.2 dB/dB. This processing provided for an initial nominal pk/active-rms ratio of 10 dB, which, following filtering to the analysis bandwidth, resulted in a usable pk/active-rms of nominally 12.5 dB. The active-level of the resulting modified composite signal is finely adjusted to a level of -10 dBm0. This stimulus has been shown to provide for echo-loss measurement capability in excess of
50 dB, in an appropriately configured measurement facility.
3.4
Standard Test Conditions
All tests shall be performed with a call set up using RC3 and service option 3 unless otherwise specified. See 6.5.2 of [7] for comments that apply to all tests unless otherwise specified.
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ANNEX A: Loudness Rating Conversions
This annex is informative.
The loudness ratings defined in [8] may be approximated from those defined in [9], as described by [10], as follows:
SLR ([11]) = TOLR ([8]) + 57
RLR ([11]) = ROLR ([8]) - 51
Results obtained with the above conversions should be used for reference only. These conversions are based upon approximated frequency response curves as specified in
[10]. Proper conversions may depend on actual measurements being made with each measurement standard where frequency responses deviate significantly from the norm.
This section has been referenced from Annex T3 of [3].
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ANNEX B: Maximum Acoustic Pressure Level
This annex is informative.
Maximum acoustic pressure requirements are defined in [12]. A test signal appropriate for use with the codecs employed by cdma2000 mobile stations is needed.
The recommended test stimulus for the short-duration measurement is PeakLevel.pcm
(alternatively PeakLevel.wav). It is based on the 12burshp.pcm artificial signal that was provided as a potential candidate for general use as a stimulus in the measurements specified in this document. This 12-tone signal consists of the 65 lines of the P.501 [13] signal, broken into 12 vocals played in a random sequence. Each vocal consists of 5 or
6 lines that are harmonics of the fundamental. The vocals were additionally spectrally shaped to be more quasi-speech-like in nature.
While this signal proved less than satisfactory for use as a general stimulus in this
MPS, a clipped version of this signal can be used as a stimulus for the specific peak acoustic level test. The signal is level adjusted in a hard limiting digitally-implemented amplifier such that the peak level of the composite signal is at the digital limits of the amplifier. The signal is then given a 25 dB gain. The resulting 25 dB clipped composite signal has 72.5% of its samples at the digital limits of the output of the amplifier.
When this stimulus is appropriately interfaced to the system, a measurable portion of the acoustic output of the mobile terminal will potentially be at the peak output level.
An appropriately interfaced peak-sampling sound-pressure level meter can then be used to measure such peak acoustic transitions.
An appropriate test signal for the long-duration measurement is for further study.
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This annex is informative.
C.1
Artificial Ears
Measurements on telephone handsets have been traditionally done using the ITU-T
P.57 Type 1 ear simulator. This ear simulator includes the IEC 318 coupler, which was introduced to the market nearly three decades ago. The Type 1 ear simulator is a rather coarse simulation of the human ear, and the conditions under which it is designed to be used are not achievable for many modern small or unusually shaped handsets. Therefore, some new ear simulators have been specified by ITU (International
Telecommunication Union) which better simulate the acoustical load of the human ear when using modern telephone handsets. The various types of ear simulators are provided in Table C.1-1.
Table C.1-1. Ear Simulator Types
ITU-T P.57
1
2
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
Ear Type Earphone Types
Supra-aural, supra-concha
Insert earphones
Intra-concha earphones
Supra-aural, supra-concha
Supra-concha
Supra-concha
Measuring point close to ERP
DRP
DRP
DRP
DRP
DRP
C.2
Type 1
The coupler in the Type 1 ear simulator is further specified in IEC Publication 318. It is recommended that the Type 1 ear simulator be used for measurements on supra aural and supra-concha earphones, sealed, intended for normal telephone bandwidth (100Hz to 4 kHz) applications. The acoustic input impedance and frequency sensitivity response of the Type 1 artificial ear are referred directly to the Ear Reference Point
(ERP) using an individual calibration curve. The Type 1 ear simulates the acoustic load of the human ear under no leakage conditions, and is therefore only applicable when the telephone handset is held completely sealed to the ear. This is not a very realistic situation for normal use of handsets. Therefore, a correction curve LE is used for
Loudness Rating calculations according to ITU-T P.79 to simulate a leak condition.
However, this correction factor has been derived for old telephone handsets where the leak was rather small. The leak obtained with modern handsets is often very different from the nominal LE correction curve. In addition, it is extremely difficult to seal the handset to the coupler and the use of a custom “form” or some pliable putty is required for smaller handsets common in cellular telephony. Repeatability, when using pliable putty to seal the handset to the artificial ear, can be very good if only small amounts of putty are required, but may be poor if the handset does not fit well to the artificial ear and large amounts of putty are required.
ADVANTAGES: Simple; long history of use.
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DISADVANTAGES: Does not model typical leakage encountered in real life use of modern telephones; less accurate representation of real ear; repeatability problems may exist where sealing to the handset is difficult; inappropriate for modern low impedance or wideband handsets;
C.3
Type 2
The Type 2, also referred to as the IEC711 ear simulator, is used for measurements on insert earphones, both sealed and unsealed, such as hearing aids and headsets. The sound pressure measured by the Type 2 ear simulator is referred to the ear-drum reference point (DRP). Therefore a correction function (ITU-T P.57) is used for converting data to the ear reference point (ERP) when it is required to calculate loudness ratings or check results against specifications based on measurements referred to ERP. Type 2 couplers are only appropriate for testing insert type headsets.
C.4
Type 3
C.4.1
Type 3.2
2
All Type 3 artificial ears consist of the Type 2 IEC 711 occluded-ear simulator, to which an ear canal extension terminated with a pinna simulation device is added. The Type
3.2 ear simulator uses a simplified pinna simulator. In this simulator, a well-defined leak (available in two grades) from the cavity to the exterior simulates the average real ear loss for telephone handsets which are held either comfortably (low-leak version) or loosely (high-leak version) against the human ear. Type 3.2 ear simulator is recommended for measurements on supra-aural and supra-concha earphones, sealed and unsealed, and of both high and low impedance (practically covering all kinds of earphone acoustic designs provided it fits the mechanical design). It can be used in the wide frequency range from 100 Hz to 8 kHz. The Type 3.2 ear simulator was made with the anatomically shaped Type 3.3 ear simulator as a reference. The acoustical behavior of the Type 3.2 high leak ear simulator is therefore very close to that of the Type 3.3.
Measurements with Type 3.2 ear simulator are done at the eardrum position (DRP). By using the individually calibrated frequency response supplied with the ear simulator, the measurements can be referred to ERP, when it is required to calculate loudness ratings or check results against specifications based on measurements referred to ERP.
It should be noted that the normal calibration of this device is performed with reference to ERP at 1 kHz. The Type 3.2 coupler is a much more accurate representation of the human ear than the Type 1 coupler, in terms of impedance, and provides a realistic and repeatable leak. It shares with the Type 1 coupler the phone to coupler sealing problem, that is, the handset must still be sealed to the coupler (so that the defined leak is the only leak) and this necessitates the use of putty or other sealing material.
This again may affect measurement repeatability if the handset does not fit well to the artificial ear and large amounts of putty are required. An alternative is to provide an adaptor for the phone which attaches directly to the coupler and provides a mirror image of the telephone earpiece, sealing completely and repeatably.
ADVANTAGES: Realistic representation of ear acoustical impedance, and “real world” leak
DISADVANTAGE: Repeatability problems may exist where sealing to the handset is difficult
2 An earlier wide band coupler, using the Type 1 IEC coupler and an adaptor, the so called
“German Leak Ring” has been used for some years. Not standardized, it is seldom used today.
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C.4.2
Type 3.3
The Type 3.3 ear simulator is a very close simulation of a real human ear realized by terminating the ear canal extension with an anatomically shaped pinna simulator as described in IEC959. The pinna simulator is made of a high-quality elastomer with a well specified shore-A hardness.
It is recommended that the Type 3.3 ear simulator is used for measurements on supra concha earphones, sealed and unsealed and especially those which, due to their peculiar shape, do not fit the circular rims of Type 1 or Type 3.2 ear simulators, whichever is applicable. The sound pressure measured by the Type 3.3 ear simulator is referred to DRP. Therefore a correction curve (same as for Type 2) is used to convert data to the ERP when it is required to calculate loudness ratings or check results against specifications based on measurements referred to the ERP. The Type 3.3 ear has several advantages. First it is, arguably, the most accurate representation of real use of a telephone. It also allows the same fixture to be used for handsfree telephony and headset testing. There is no need for any sealing material to be used, as the leak provided is “natural”. Even with mechanical positioning systems to aid the user, it does require meticulous care in fixing the telephone in place to provide repeatable results.
Some testing has shown that this can be difficult, leading to variation in measurements from test to test and from lab to lab. In addition, the pinna is somewhat fragile, and requires care in handling in order to maintain its integrity. Several versions of pinna hardness have historically been available causing possible confusion. The recommended guidelines for placing a handset against the Type 3.3 ear may not match with how a real user would position the handset against his ear.
ADVANTAGES: Most flexible and realistic representation of use
DISADVANTAGES: Repeatability may be poor.
C.4.3
Type 3.4
The pinna simulation is realized in Type 3.4 ear simulator by terminating the drum reference plane of the Type 2 ear simulator with an ear canal extension and a simplified pinna made of an elastomer with a well defined shore-A hardness. It is suggested that
Type 3.4 can be used as a simplified alternative to Type 3.3 for measurements on supra-concha and supra-aural handsets, where the pressure dependent characterization of receiving performance is considered important. It is not recommended for headsets. The sound pressure measured by the Type 3.4 ear simulator is also referred to DRP and therefore the DRP-ERP correction curve (the same as for Type 2 and Type 3.3) must be used when comparing data with measurements obtained. The Type 3.4 pinna provides somewhat better repeatability than the Type 3.3 pinna, but is less accurate in its simulation of the acoustic impedance and volume of the human ear.
ADVANTAGES: Repeatability is easier than Type 3.3.
DISADVANTAGES: Less accurate representation of real ear acoustic impedance.
Cannot be used for headsets.
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