Table S1. The primers used in this study
HVI fragments
HVI-a
HVI-b
HVI-c
Y chromosome
haplogroups
Primers
L16017
H16251
L16201
H16409
L16165
H16357
Primers
M89S
M89A
M9S
M9A
M175S
M175A
M119S
M119A
M45S
M45A
M242S
M242A
F
K
O
N
P
Q
Sex
identification
AMG gene
Length
5' TTCTCTGTTCTTTCATGGGGA 3'
5' GGAGTTGCAGTTGATGTGTGA 3'
5' CAAGCAAGTACAGCAATCAAC 3'
5' AGGATGGTGGTCAAGGGA 3'
5' AACCCAATCCACATCAAAAC 3'
5' AAGGGATTTGACTGTAATGTGC 3'
5' CCACAGAAGGATGCTGCTCA 3'
5' CACACTTTGGGTCCAGGATCAC 3'
5' GGACCCTGAAATACAGAAC 3'
5' AAGCGCTACCTTACTTACAT 3'
5' GGACCCTGAAATACAGAAC 3'
5' AAGCGCTACCTTACTTACAT 3'
5' GATCTCAGTTTCAGAGTTTATGC 3'
5' TATGGGTTATTCCAATTCAGC 3'
5’ GGGTGTGGACTTTACGAAC 3’
5’ AAATCCTACTATCTCCTGGC 3’
5' TATATGTAAGCTTTCTACGGCA 3'
5' GGGGAAAAAACCATGTACG 3'
235bp
209bp
193bp
sites
Length
M89
125bp
M9
128bp
M175
128bp
M119
120bp
M45
109bp
M242
120bp
Primers
Length
XBamel-1 5’CCTGGGCTCTGTAAAGAATAG3’
XBamel-2 5’CAGAGCTTAAACTGGGAAGCTG3’
103bp (F)
103bp and109bp
(M)
Note: The primers of APLP were cited from Umetsu et al. (2001).
Umetsu, K., Tanaka, M., Yuasa, I., Saitou, N., Takeyasu, I., Fuku, N. et al. Multiplex amplified
product-length polymorphism analysis for rapid detection of human mitochondrial DNA variations.
Electrophoresis 22, 3533-3582 (2001).
Table S2. Distribution of mitochondrial HVI sequences in modern populations of East Asia and Siberia
Samples Sharing populations (numbers)
PZ1
PZ2
PW4
PW5
PW6
PW7
China: Tibetan(5)1, Nu (1)2, 3, Sali (2)2, 3, Han (5)4-6, Mollao (2), Jino (3)7,Yi(1)7;
Japanese (5)8, 9; Russia: Buryat (3)10;
China :Inner Mongolian (1)11; Mongolian (1)12; Russia: Buryat (1)10, Khakassian(3)10
China : Inner Mongolian (1)11, Oroqen (4)13, Ewenki (2)13, Danga (1)2; Russia:
Buryat (2)10, 14, Yakut (22)14-17, Evenki (11)18, 19, Altaian(3)10, Khakassian(2)10,
Todjin(3)10, Tuvinian(2)10, ofalar(3)10; Mongolian (1)12;Kazakhstan:Uighur(1)20
All countries in East Asia and Siberia (285)1-7, 10, 11, 13, 20-35
China: Kazak (1)11
China: Inner Mongolian (1)13, Han (3)5, 30, 36, Danga (2)2; Japanese (1)25
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Table S3. The mitochondrial HVI sequences and Y chromosome haplogroups of researchers
Researchers
Mutations in mitochondrial HVI (16000+)
Y chromosome haplogroup
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
183C-189-304
124-183C-189-278-293-362
174-192-223
126-174-223-311-362
182C-183C-189-223-357-362
O3
O3
-