POM 1ST SEMESTER EXAM REVIEW SHEET
1. WHAT DETERMINES WHETHER OR NOT AN OBJECT WILL FLOAT OR SINK?
DENSITY.
2. IF AN OBJECT’S DENSITY IS GREATER THAN 1.0 g/mL, WILL THAT OBJECT FLOAT
IN FRESH WATER? NO.
3. IF AN OBJECT’S DENSITY IS LESS THAN 1.0 g/mL, WILL THAT OBJECT SINK IN
FRESH WATER? NO.
4. HOW CAN YOU INCREASE THE ABILITY OF AN OBJECT TO FLOAT IN A LIQUID?
MAKE THE LIQUID MORE DENSE.
5. THE MORE MASS AN OBJECT HAS FOR A GIVEN VOLUME, THE __________
DENSITY THE OBJECT HAS. MORE.
6. WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF MATTER? ANYTHING WITH MASS AND VOLUME.
7. ALL THE SUBSTANCES THAT MAKE UP EVERYTHING IN THE UNIVERSE ARE
FORMS OF? MATTER.
8. THE VOLUME OF A PIECE OF MATER IS MEASURED IN UNITS OF? MILLILITERS
(mL).
9. THE MASS OF A PIECE OF MATTER IS MEASURED IN UNITS OF? GRAMS (g).
10. WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON PHASES OF MATTER? SOLID, LIQUID, GAS.
11. THE MEASURE OF MATTER IN AN OBJECT IS ITS? MASS
12. THE MEASURE OF SPACE AN OBJECT OCCUPIES IS ITS? VOLUME.
13. A MEASURE OF THE FORCE OF GRAVITY IS AN OBJECT’S? WEIGHT.
14. WHAT IS THE FORMULA FOR FINDING DENSITY? DENSITY (D) = MASS
(M)/VOLUME (V). (D = M/V).
15. LIQUIDS THAT ARE UNABLE TO DISSOLVE IN ONE ANOTHER ARE CALLED?
IMMISCIBLE.
16. LIQUIDS THAT ARE ABLE TO DISSOLVE IN ONE ANOTHER ARE CALLED?
MISCIBLE.
17. WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE TEMPERATURE SCALE USED BY SCIENTISTS, AND IS
CONSIDERED THE MOST USEFUL TO THEM? KELVIN (K).
18. WHAT TEMPERATURE DOES ALL MOTION OF ATOMS STOP? 0 K (ABSOLUTE
ZERO).
19. WHAT TEMPERATURE IN DEGREES CELCIUS EQUALS ABSOLUTE ZERO? -273 C.
20. WHAT IS THE MEASURE OF THE KINETIC ENERGY (KE) OF ATOMS IN A
MATERIAL? TEMPERATURE.
21. WHAT ARE SUBSTANCES THAT ONE STARTS WITH IN A CHEMICAL REACTION?
REACTANTS.
22. WHAT ARE THE SUBSTANCES THAT ONE ENDS UP WITH IN A CHEMICAL
REACTION? PRODUCTS.
23. A PHASE OF MATTER THAT HAS A DEFINITE VOLUME AND SHAPE, WITH ATOMS
CLOSELY PACKED TOGETHER THAT VIBRATE IS A? SOLID.
24. A PHASE OF MATTER WITH A DEFINITE VOLUME, BUT NO DEFINITE SHAPE, WITH
ATOMS HAVING KINETIC ENERGY (KE) ALLOWING THEM TO SLIDE PAST EACH
OTHER IS A? LIQUID.
25. A PHASE OF MATTER WITH NO DEFINITE VOLUME OR SHAPE, AND WITH ATOMS
THAT HAVE KE ALLOWING THEM TO SPREAD THROUGHOUT A CONTAINER IS A?
GAS.
26. A CHANGE FROM A LIQUID TO A GAS IS CALLED? BOILING.
27. A CHANGE FROM A GAS TO A LIQUID IS CALLED? CONDENSING.
28. A CHANGE FROM A SOLID TO A GAS IS CALLED? SUBLIMATION.
29. A CHANGE FROM A SOLID TO A LIQUID IS CALLED? MELTING.
30. A CHANGE FROM A LIQUID TO A GAS AT THE SURFACE OF THE LIQUID IS
CALLED? EVAPORATION.
31. A CHANGE FROM A LIQUID TO A SOLID IS CALLED? FREEZING.
32. THE AIR WE BREATHE IS MOSTLY MADE OF WHAT GAS? NITROGEN.
33. WHEN WE HEATED THE CHEMICAL SULFUR IN LESSON 6, HOW COULD WE TELL
AN INVISIBLE GAS WAS PRODUCED? THE SMELL.
34. WHAT COULD BE A REASON WHY THE TEMPERATURE OF THE WATER YOU
HEATED UNTIL BOILING IN LESSON 7 NEVER REACHED 100 C? WE ARE SLIGHTLY
ABOVE SEA LEVEL.
35. WHAT HAPPENS TO THE MASS WHEN MATTER CHANGES PHASES? IT STAYS THE
SAME.
36. WHO FIRST INTRODUCED THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS? ANTOINE
LAVOISIER.
37. WHAT IS THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS? MATTER CAN NOT BE
CREATED OR DESTROYED.
38. WHAT UNITS WOULD BEST PROVIDE THE MEASURE OF THE AMOUNT OF MATTER
IN A CUBE? GRAMS (g).
39. WHAT IS A PURE SUBSTANCE? AN ELEMENT OR COMPOUND.
40. WHAT IS A MIXTURE? TWO OR MORE SUBSTANCES THAT ARE MIXED
TOGETHER, BUT ARE NOT COMBINED CHEMICALLY.
41. A HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE OF A SOLVENT AND ONE OR MORE SOLUTES IS
CALLED? A SOLUTION.
42. WHAT IS A SOLVENT? THE SUBSTANCE IN A SOLUTION THAT DISSOLVES A
SOLUTE.
43. WHAT IS A SOLUTE? THE SUBSTANCE THAT DISSOLVES IN A SOLVENT, AND
MAY BE SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, OR GASES.
44. SUBSTANCES THAT DISSOLVE ARE CALLED? SOLUBLE.
45. SUBSTANCES THAT DO NOT DISSOLVE ARE CALLED? INSOLUBLE.
46. WHAT IS CALLED THE “UNIVERSAL SOLVENT”? WATER.
47. WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF A GAS-IN-GAS SOLUTION? AIR.
48. WHAT IS THE SOLVENT IN AIR? NITROGEN.
49. WHAT IS THE MAJOR SOLUTE IN AIR? OXYGEN.
50. WHAT IS SOLUBILITY? THE AMOUNT OF SOLUTE THAT WILL DISSOLVE IN A
SOLVENT AT A GIVEN TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE.
51. WHAT IS A SATURATED SOLUTION? A SOLUTION THAT WILL NOT DISSOLVE ANY
MORE SOLUTE AT A GIVEN PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE.
52. WHAT HAPPENED TO THE TOTAL VOLUME OF ETHANOL AND WATER WHEN
THEY WERE MIXED? IT DECREASED.
53. WHAT HAPPENED TO THE TOTAL MASS OF ETHANOL AND WATER WHEN THEY
WERE MIXED? IT STAYED THE SAME.
54. HOW CAN THE TOTAL VOLUME CHANGE WHEN ETHANOL AND WATER ARE
MIXED? ETHANOL MOLECULES ARE SMALLER THAN WATER, AND ARE TRAPPED
IN THE WATER MOLECULES AT THE INTERFACE.
55. WHY DOES THE TOTAL MASS OF ETHANOL AND WATER NOT CHANGE WHEN
THEY WERE MIXED? THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS.
56. WHAT ARE SOME WAYS IN WHICH SOLUBLE AND INSOLUBLE SUBSTANCES CAN
BE SEPARATED? FILTRATION, EVAPORATION, SEDIMENTATION.
57. WHAT IS THE LIQUID PART PASSING THROUGH FILTER PAPER CALLED?
FILTRATE.
58. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF DRY CLEANING CLOTHES? TO CLEAN CLOTHES THAT
WOULD BE HARMED BY WATER.
59. WHAT TYPE STAINS DOES DRY CLEANING REMOVE? STAINS INSOLUBLE IN
WATER.
60. WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF A SOLVENT USED IN THE EARLY FORMS OF DRY
CLEANING? KEROSENE.
61. WHAT WAS IS THE PROBLEM WITH THIS EARLY SOLVENT? IT IS FLAMMABLE,
AND THERE WERE EXPLOSIONS.
62. WHAT SOLVENT REPLACED THE EARLY SOLVENTS IN DRY CLEANING?
TETRACHLOROETHYLENE.
63. WHAT IS A PROBLEM WITH THIS NEW DRY CLEANING SOLVENT? ITS FUMES CAN
BE TOXIC IN ENCLOSED SPACES.
64. WHY IS A LITTLE WATER USED IN DRY CLEANING CLOTHES? TO REMOVE
WATER-SOLUBLE SUBSTANCES.
65. WHAT DO MOST MODERN PAINTS CONSIST OF? PIGMENTS, A VEHICLE, AND A
SOLVENT.
66. WHAT IS CHROMATOGRAPHY? A PROCESS USED TO SEPARATE DIFFERENT
SOLUTES FROM A SOLUTION BY PASSING THEM THROUGH A MEDIUM.
67. WHAT MEDIUM IS USED IN PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY? PAPER.
68. THE PATTERNS PRODUCED ON CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER ARE CALLED?
CHROMATOGRAMS.
69. WHAT DO INKS CONSIST OF? SEVERAL DYES OF DIFFERENT COLORS THAT ARE
DISSOLVED IN WATER.
70. IN CHROMATOGRAPHY, WHAT DOES EACH DYE (SOLUTE) DO WHEN SEPARATED?
MOVES AT A DIFFERENT SPEED THROUGH THE CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER.
71. WHAT DOES THE SPEED OF THE INK SOLUTES DEPEND UPON? THE SOLUBILITY
OF THE INK SOLUTE.
72. WHICH DYES ARE THE FASTEST MOVING UP THE CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER?
THE MORE SOLUBLE ONES.
73. WHAT IS CHROMATOGRAPHY SOMETIMES CALLED? THE SEPARATION SCIENCE.
74. HOW IS CHROMATOGRAPHY USED TO CATCH BANK ROBBERS? THE RED DYE
BOMBS IN THE STOLEN MONEY CAN BE MATCHED WITH THE BANK’S SECURITY
DYE.
75. WHAT OTHER CRIMES CAN CHROMATOGRAPHY HELP SOLVE? BOMBINGS AND
EXPLOSIVE DEVICES.
76. WHAT HAPPENS TO THE TEMPERATURE OF ICE WHEN SALT IS ADDED TO IT? IT
GOES DOWN.
77. WHAT IS THIS CALLED? MELTING POINT DEPRESSION.
78. WHAT HAPPENS TO THE TEMPERATURE OF BOILING WATER WHEN SALT IS
ADDED TO IT? IT INCREASES.
79. WHAT IS THIS CALLED? BOILING POINT ELEVATION.
80. WHAT ARE ALLOYS? MIXTURES THAT CONTAIN AT LEAST ONE METAL.
81. WHAT IS THE MOST WIDELY USED ALLOY? THE MIXTURE OF CARBON AND
IRON.
82. WHAT IS THIS ALLOY CALLED? STEEL.
83. WHAT IS A SAMURAI’S LONG SWORD CALLED? A KATANA.
84. WHAT IS THE CORE OF A SAMURAI’S SWORD MADE OF? SOFT, FLEXIBLE, LOWCARBON STEEL.
85. WHAT IS THE JACKET, OR OUTER SHELL, OF A SAMURAI’S SWORD MADE OF?
HARD STEEL THAT GIVES THE SWORD A RAZOR SHARP EDGE THAT WILL NOT
DULL DURING BATTLE.
86. HOW ARE THE CORE AND THE JACKET OF THE SAMURAI’S SWORD JOINED
TOGETHER? THEY ARE HEATED AND HAMMERED TOGETHER UNTIL THEY BOND.
87. WHAT DID WE USE TO SPLIT WATER INTO ITS ELEMENTS? ELECTRICITY.
88. WHAT ELEMENTS DOES WATER SPLIT INTO? HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN.
89. WHAT IS THE PROCESS OF SPLITTING WATER INTO ITS ELEMENTS CALLED?
ELECTROLYSIS.
90. TO SEPARATE WATER INTO ITS ELEMENTS, ELECTRICITY MUST BE ABLE TO
FLOW THROUGH THE WATER TO COMPLETE THIS. AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT.
91. WHAT DID WE ADD TO THE WATER TO MAKE ELECTRICITY FLOW THROUGH IT?
SODIUM SULFATE.
92. WHY DID WE HAVE TO ADD THIS CHEMICAL TO THE WATER? WATER IS A POOR
CONDUCTOR OF ELECTRICITY.
93. HOW DOES A BATTERY WORK? IT USES A CHEMICAL REACTION TO PRODUCE AN
ELECTRIC CURRENT.
94. WHAT IS A CAR BATTERY USUALLY MADE OF? SULFURIC ACID, LEAD OXIDE,
AND PLATES OF LEAD METAL.
95. WHY DO CAR BATTERIES RARELY DIE OUT? A GENERATOR RECHARGES THE
BATTERY WHILE THE ENGINE IS RUNNING.
96. WHAT FAMOUS AIRSHIP BURST INTO FLAMES AS IT DOCKED IN NEW JERSEY?
THE HINDENBURG.
97. WHAT IS A COMPOUND? A PURE SUBSTANCE CONTAINING TWO OR MORE
ELEMENTS THAT ARE CHEMICALLY COMBINED.
98. WHAT IS AN ELECTRON CLOUD? AN AREA OF SPACE AROUNG THE NUCLEUS OF
AN ATOM WHERE ELECTRONS TRAVEL.
99. WHAT IS AN ION? AN ATOM THAT IS NO LONGER NEUTRAL BECAUSE IT HAS
LOST OR GAINED AN ELECTRON.
100.
WHAT IS A MOLECULE? THE NEUTRAL PARTICLE FORMED WHEN ATOMS
SHARE ELECTRONS.