Oceanography
Merit Badge Workbook
This workbook can help you but you still need to read the merit badge pamphlet (book). No one can add or subtract from the Boy
Scout Requirements #33215. Merit Badge Workbooks and much more are below: Online Resources.
Workbook developer: craig@craiglincoln.com. Requirements revised: 2003, Workbook updated: Feb. 2012.
Scout’s Name: _________________________________________
Unit: ______________________________
Counselor’s Name: ______________________________________
Counselor’s Ph #: ______________________________
1. Name four branches of oceanography.
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Describe at least five reasons why it is important for people to learn about the oceans.
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2. Define salinity, temperature, and density and describe how these important properties of seawater are measured by the
physical oceanographer.
Salinity: ________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Temperature: ___________________________________________________________________________________________
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Density: ________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Discuss the circulation and currents of the ocean. _______________________________________________________________
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Oceanography p. 2
Merit Badge Workbook
Scout's Name: ________________________
Describe the effects of the oceans on weather and climate. ________________________________________________________
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3. Describe the characteristics of ocean waves. _________________________________________________________________
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Point out the differences among the storm surge, tsunami, tidal wave and tidal bore.
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Explain the difference between sea, swell, and surf. ______________________________________________________________
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Explain how breakers are formed. ___________________________________________________________________________
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4. Draw a cross-section of underwater topography. Show what is meant by:
☐ a. Continental shelf; ____________________________________________________________________________________
☐ b. Continental slope; ___________________________________________________________________________________
☐c. Abyssal plain _______________________________________________________________________________________
Name and put on your drawing the following: ☐seamount, ☐guyot, ☐rift valley, ☐canyon, ☐trench, and ☐oceanic ridge.
Compare the depths in the oceans with the heights of mountains on land. _____________________________________________
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Oceanography p. 3
Merit Badge Workbook
Scout's Name: ________________________
5. List the main salts, gases, and nutrients in sea water.
Salts: __________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Gases: _________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Nutrients: _______________________________________________________________________________________________
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Describe some important properties of water. ___________________________________________________________________
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Tell how the animals and plants of the ocean affect the chemical composition of seawater. _______________________________
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Explain how differences in evaporation and precipitation affect the salt content of the oceans. _____________________________
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6. Describe some of the biologically important properties of seawater. _______________________________________________
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Define benthos, nekton, and plankton. Benthos: ________________________________________________________________
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Nekton: ________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Plankton: _______________________________________________________________________________________________
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Name some of the plants and animals that make up each of these groups.
Benthos: _______________________________________________________________________________________________
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Nekton: ________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Plankton: _______________________________________________________________________________________________
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Describe the place and importance of phytoplankton in the oceanic food chain. ________________________________________
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Oceanography p. 4
Merit Badge Workbook
Scout's Name: ________________________
7. Do ONE of the following:
 a. Make a plankton net.* Tow the net by a dock, wade with it, hold it in a current, or tow it from a rowboat. Do this for about 20
minutes. Save the sample. Examine it under a microscope or high-power glass. Identify the three most common types of
plankton in the sample. _____________________________________________________________________________
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* May be done in lakes or streams.
 b. Make a series of models (clay or plaster and wood) of a volcanic island. Show the growth of an atoll from a fringing reef
through a barrier reef. Describe the Darwinian theory of coral reef formation. _____________________________________
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 c. Measure the water temperature at the surface, midwater, and bottom of a body of water four times daily for five consecutive
days. You may measure depth with a rock tied to a line. Make a Secchi disk to measure turbidity (how much suspended
sedimentation is in the water). Measure the air temperature. Note the cloud cover and roughness of the water. Show your
findings (air and water temperature, turbidity) on a graph. Tell how the water temperature changes with air temperature.
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Day 1
1
2
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4
Day 2
Day 3
Day 4
Day 5
Air(˚F)
Air (˚F)
Air(˚F)
Air(˚F)
Air(˚F)
S(˚F)
S(˚F)
S(˚F)
S(˚F)
S(˚F)
M(˚F)
M(˚F)
M(˚F)
M(˚F)
M(˚F)
B(˚F)
B(˚F)
B(˚F)
B(˚F)
B(˚F)
Notes:
Notes:
Notes:
Notes:
Notes:
Air(˚F)
Air(˚F)
Air(˚F)
Air(˚F)
Air(˚F)
S(˚F)
S(˚F)
S(˚F)
S(˚F)
S(˚F)
M(˚F)
M(˚F)
M(˚F)
M(˚F)
M(˚F)
B(˚F)
B(˚F)
B(˚F)
B(˚F)
B(˚F)
Notes:
Notes:
Notes:
Notes:
Notes:
Air(˚F)
Air(˚F)
Air(˚F)
Air(˚F)
Air(˚F)
S(˚F)
S(˚F)
S(˚F)
S(˚F)
S(˚F)
M(˚F)
M(˚F)
M(˚F)
M(˚F)
M(˚F)
B(˚F)
B(˚F)
B(˚F)
B(˚F)
B(˚F)
Notes:
Notes:
Notes:
Notes:
Notes:
Air(˚F)
Air(˚F)
Air(˚F)
Air(˚F)
Air(˚F)
S(˚F)
S(˚F)
S(˚F)
S(˚F)
S(˚F)
M(˚F)
M(˚F)
M(˚F)
M(˚F)
M(˚F)
B(˚F)
B(˚F)
B(˚F)
B(˚F)
B(˚F)
Notes:
Notes:
Notes:
Notes:
Notes:
S=Surface water M=Mid-water B=Bottom
Oceanography p. 5
Merit Badge Workbook
Scout's Name: ________________________
 d. Make a model showing the inshore sediment movement by littoral currents, tidal movement, and wave action. Include such
formations as high and low waterlines, low-tide terrace, berm, and coastal cliffs. Show how offshore bars are built up and
torn down.
 e. Make a wave generator. Show reflection and refraction of waves. Show how groins, jetties, and breakwaters affect these
patterns.
 f. Track and monitor satellite images available on the Internet for a specific location for three weeks. Describe what you have
learned to your counselor.
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8) Do ONE of the following:
 a. Write a 500-word report on a book about oceanography approved by your counselor.
 b. Visit one of the following: (1) an oceanographic research ship or (2) an oceanographic institute. Write a 500-word report
about your visit.
 c. Explain to your troop in a five-minute prepared speech "Why Oceanography Is Important" or describe "Career Opportunities
in Oceanography." (Before making your speech, show your speech outline to your counselor for approval.) (Per National,
“troop” means “unit”.)
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Oceanography p. 6
Merit Badge Workbook
Scout's Name: ________________________
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9. Describe four methods that marine scientists use to investigate the ocean, underlying geology, and organisms living in the
water. __________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Online Resources (Use any Internet resource with caution and only with your parent’s or guardian’s permission.)
Boy Scouts of America: ►scouting.org
►Guide to Safe Scouting
►Age-Appropriate Guidelines
►Safe Swim Defense
►Scout
►Tenderfoot
►Second Class
►First Class
 Rank Videos
►Safety Afloat
Boy Scout Merit Badge Workbooks: usscouts.org -or- meritbadge.org
Merit Badge Books: www.scoutstuff.org
Requirement Resources:
1: Oceanography Defined the four branches of Oceanography, as defined by Texas A&M University.
2,5: Composition of Seawater - Excellent site for requirements 2 and 5. It gives much detailed information about the oceans including the
percentage of elements present in water, salinity/salts, density, dissolved gases, temperature, nutrients, and underwater photosynthesis.
2: http://stommel.tamu.edu/~baum/paleo/ocean/node1.html
3: Oceanography in Motion: Waves - Characteristics Text and diagrams from the office of Naval Research.
4: Physical Features of the Ocean
6: Plankton and the Benthos: From Top to Bottom - Provides detailed information on the Plankton and Benthos marine groups.
7a: Make your Own Plankton Net – Science Buddies 7f: Satellite Images Intended for storm watches, covering all the major seas and oceans. From the University of Wisconsin.
8c: Marine Careers
8. Speech resources:
Speeches & Presentations: How to Choose a topic - How to Write a Speech - How to Give a Speech - Ideas from eHow
Lesson Videos: ExpertVillage: Giving a Speech - Public Speaking Tips - Public Speaking - Eye Contact - Hand Gestures - Props
9: Methods and Equipment Used by Marine Geologists
Oceanography p. 7
Merit Badge Workbook
Scout's Name: ________________________
General Resources
American Fisheries Society: http://www.fisheries.org
American Meteorological Society: http://www.ametsoc.org/AMS
American Zoo and Aquarium Association: http://www.aza.org
Discover Magazine: http://www.discovermagazine.com
Planet Green Channel: http://planetgreen.discovery.com/
The Discovery Channel: http://dsc.discovery.com/
Science Channel: http://science.discovery.com/
Discovery Kids: http://kids.discovery.com/
Discovery Education: http://www.discoveryeducation.com/
The JASON Foundation for Education: http://www.jasonproject.org
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation, and Enforcement: http://www.boemre.gov/mmskids/
Leave No Trace Center: http://www.LNT.org
Nat. Geographic Society: http://www.nationalgeographic.com
Nat. Park Service: http://www.nps.gov
Nat. Climatic Data Center: http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/ncdc.html
Nat. Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin: http://www.noaa.gov
The Ocean Alliance: http://www.oceanalliance.org
Scripps Institute of Oceanography: http://www.sio.ucsd.edu
Secrets of the Ocean Realm: http://www.pbs.org/oceanrealm
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: http://www.fws.gov
U.S. Geological Survey:www.usgs.gov
Science Buddies: http://www.sciencebuddies.org/