ПРОГРАММА
ПО ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИМ ДИСЦИПЛИНАМ
АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА
(ГАК)
2010
HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
1. Old English noun and its historical development. The categories of number,
case and gender. Types of declension: strong declension, weak declension,
minor declensions. Transposition of nouns from one type of declension to
another. Classification of nouns according to stem-building suffixes.
Major changes in the morphological system of the nouns. Simplification of the
morphological system of the noun and the causes of the simplification. The
reduction of cases. The development of the homonymy of case forms. Types of
plural form derivation (inflections, sound alternation, zero derivation) and their
reflection in Modern English.
2. Historical development of the Old English verb. The main categories of the
verb: tense, mood, person, number, aspect. Morphological classes of the verbs:
strong verbs (verbs with sound alternation), weak verbs (verbs with the dental
suffix), preterite- present verbs.
The development of the analytical forms (the future forms, the passive forms,
the perfect forms). Major changes in the verb system. Beginning of the
destruction of the system of strong verbs. The reduction of four main forms of a
strong verb to three. Reduction of the system of weak verbs to one type of
conjugation. Changes in the system of preterite- present verbs
3. Leading tendencies in the history of the English language. Loss of synthetic
ways of expressing the relations between words. The development of analytical
means. Causes of these changes and their effect on the grammatical system and
word order.
4. The formation of the English national language. Historical background: the
downfall of feudalism and the rise of capitalism. The wars of the Roses (14551485).The development of trade and industry.
Territorial and social dialects. The development of the dialect of London into a
national language.
Introduction of printing. William Caxton and his activities. The role of Chaucer
in the formation of a literary language.
First grammarians and orthoepists: A. Gill, Charles Butler, John Wallis,
Christopher Cooper, Daniel Jones. Language norms. A unified standard
national language.
The expansion of English.
СОСТАВИЛА: Доцент, к.ф.н. А.П. Тихонова
THEORETICAL GRAMMAR
1. Morphological categories and their realization. Grammatical meaning versus
lexical meaning. Explicit and implicit grammatical meanings. Form and
function. Grammatical means of expression: morphological and syntactical.
Word- forming means. Syntactic and analytic types of word- form derivation.
Sound alternation. Inflection. Suppletivity. Analytic forms. Categorical nature
of explicit morphological meanings: general lexico-grammatical meaning of a
word- class.
2. Word- class theory. Word- classification into parts of speech. Different
principles and criteria. Traditional classification into «partes orationis» (D.
Aristotle). Word- class theory in foreign linguistic schools. (O. Jespersen, H.
Sweet, Ch. Fries.) Word- class theory in Russian linguistic school (Acad.
Shcherba). The problem of notional and formal words. Parts of speech in
English as paradigmatic word-classes. Number of word-classes. The problem
of statives. Homonymy in the parts of speech system. Categorematic/
syncategorematic words
3. General characteristics of the noun as a part of speech (semantic,
morphological, syntactical). Types of nouns. The category of case. Its
realization.
Views on the number and kinds of cases in English. The problem of analytical
cases. The two-case system. Common case. Genitive case / Possessive case.
Different meanings rendered by the genitive case-form. English and Russians
genitives compared.
The s` sign. Different interpretations of its morphologo-syntactical nature and
the meanings it signifies. The category of gender and its nature.
4. The verb. General characteristics of the verb as a part of speech (semantic,
morphological, syntactical). The category of tense.
Time and Tense. Realization of tense in English.
Different views on the system of tenses in English ((two and tree dimensional
models) H. Sweet, O. Jesersen. Absolute and relative use of tenses. Sequence
of tenses).
5. The verb and verbal categories. The category of aspect. Aspect and manner of
action. Aspect and the aspective character of the verb in English. Terminate
and Durative verbs. Different approaches to English aspect. A.G. Kennedy, G.
Curme, H. Sweet, I. Ivanova. English and Russians aspects compared.
The problem of perfect in English. Different points of view. Perfect as part of
the aspect system (B. Ilyish, G. Vorontsova). Perfect as part of the tense system
(H. Sweet, I. Ivanova), perfect as the category of time (co)rrelation (A.
Smirnitsky).
6. The category of mood. Different views on the number and kinds of moods in
English. The Indicative. The Imperative. The subjunctive. The problem of
other moods. The problem of polysemy or homonymy in the system of moods.
Realization of the mood category in English. Synthesis and analysis in the
mood-form derivation. English and Russian moods compared.
7. Word-group theory. General characteristics of the phrase sublevel.
Confrontation of phrases to words and clauses or sentences. Lexicalization of
phrases.
Structural peculiarities of word- groups. Categories of word-groupe.
The number and order of constituents, their ranks and relationship.
Types and kinds of phrases, different criteria employed: subordinate versus
coordinate, elementary versus expanded, predicative versus non- predicative,
attributive, objective, adverbial, etc. noun- phrases, verb- phrases, adjectivephrases, etc., phrases equivalent to prepositions and conjunctions.
Syntactical relations between the components of a phrase: agreement,
government, adjoining, enclosure.
8. The sentence. Definition of the sentence. Different views and their consistency.
Essential features of the sentence: predicativity and predication, modality,
intonation. Classification of sentences and the principals it can be based on:
as to their communicative type: declarative, interrogative, imperative.
as to their structure: simple, extended, composite.
The simple sentence. Types of simple sentences: the problem of negative
sentences, two- member and one-member sentences.
9. Actual division of the sentence.
Different theories of actual division of the sentence: theory of communicative
dynamism, functional sentence perspective, logico-grammatical division (H.
Weil, V. Mathesius, K. Boost, F. Danes, V. Panfilov). The main components of
the actual division of the sentence. Different terms and their interpretation:
point du depart – l`enunciation, theme-rheme, psychological subjectpsychological predicate, known- unknown. Utterances with elliptical thematic
elements.
Means of expressing theme and rheme (word order, special constructions,
particles, articles) in English and Russian compared.
Logico- grammatical polysemy of members of the sentence: subject, predicate,
object, adverbial modifier, attribute.
10. The Composite Sentence.
Classification of composite sentences.
Syndetic composite sentences. Relations between clauses. Ways and means of
connection.
The problem of asyndetic composite sentences. Peculiarities of structure, ways
and means of connection.
The problem of coordination and subordination. Parataxis and hypotaxis.
The compound sentence. Definition, general characteristics of structural
peculiarities and syntactic relations. Ways and means of connection.
The complex sentence. Definition, general characteristics of structure,
constituting parts and their relationships. Ways and means of connection.
Complex sentences with different sub- clauses. Classification of subordinate
clauses. Different principles.
СОСТАВИЛА: Доцент, к.ф.н. А.П. Тихонова
ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ФОНЕТИКА
1. Prague and London Phonological Schools
2. Ščerba’s View Points on the Phoneme Theory
СОСТАВИЛА: Доцент, к.ф.н. Н.Ш. Ягумова
STYLISTICS
1. The object of stylistics. Problems of stylistic research. Types of stylistic
research. Branches of stylistics. Stylistics and other linguistic disciplines. Aims
of stylistic analysis. Main trends in style study.
2. Stylistics of language and speech. Forms and types of the language. Levels of
linguistic analysis. Individual style study. Practical stylistics. Stylistics of the
author and the reader.
3. The notions of encoding and decoding. Essential concepts of decoding stylistic
analysis and types of foregrounding. Convergence. Defeated expectancy.
Coupling. Semantic field. Semi-marked structures.
4. Word and its semantic structure. Connotational meanings of a word. The role of
the context in the actualization of meaning.
5. The theory of functional styles. The notion of style in functional stylistics.
Correlation of style, norm and function in the language.
Language varieties: Regional, Social, Professional. Distinctive linguistic
features of the major functional styles of English.
6. Expressive resources of the language. Expressive means and stylistic devices.
Classification of expressive means by G. Leech, I.R.Galperin. Y.M. Screbnev
and others.
СОСТАВИЛА: Cт. преподаватель, к.ф.н. З.А. Богус
LEXICOLOGY
1. The theory of Synonyms. Criteria of Synonymy. Types of Synonyms. Types of
Connotations. Interchangeability and Substitution. Contextual (contextdependent) Synonyms. Relative Synonyms. Total Synonyms. Ideolect. Sources
of Synonymy. Lexical variants. Paronyms.
2. Regional Variants of the English Vocabulary. Standard English: Variants and
Dialects. Estuary English. American English. English Discourse and Culture:
Diversity and Globalization.
3. General Problems of the Theory of the Word. The definition of the Word. The
Word as a Unit of Communication. The semantic structure of the Word.
4. Word-building in English. Affixation. Suffixation. Prefixation.
Composition. Ways of forming compound Words. Conversion.
Abbreviation. Sound interchange. Stress interchange. Blends. Back formation.
5. Semantic structure of English words. The lexical meaning of the Word and its
semantic structure. The lexical meaning and the notion. The elements of the
Word semantic structure. Semantic change: metaphor, metonymy, other types
of semantic change and its causes.
СОСТАВИЛА: доцент, к.ф.н. Т.А. Островская
2010