Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
North America & Global Economy
CPL2-561-781 - 3536
CANADIAN
FURNITURE INDUSTRY
RESEARCH REPORT
Yan WANG
Yixiong CAO
#260057671
#260044885
March 1, 2004
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Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
CONTENTS
1. Foreword………………………………………………………………………………3
2. Executive Summary………………………………………………………………….4
3. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………...5
4. Structure and Performance
1) Global Market ……………………………………………………………………7
2) Domestic Market ………………………………………………………………. .8
3) Performance ……………………………………………………………………10
a) Growth of Canadian Manufacturing Shipment………………...............12
b) The increasing of the labor force…………. …………………………….12
c) Net Revenues in Principal Establishments .…………………………….14
d) Economic factors…………………………… …………………………….14
5. NAFTA and Restructuring
1) Export and Import with NAFTA number ……………………………………..16
2) Consolidation and restructuring ……………………………………………...17
4) The large establishments increased their market share………………….. 18
5) Workers’ productivity…………………………………………………………. 19
6) Domestic production and Employment ……………………………………...20
6. Competition from the Emerging Market
1) Exports and Imports……………………………………………………………21
2) Impact on Canadian Firms…………………………………………………… 23
7. Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………..24
8. Tables ……………………………………………………………………………….25
9. Industry Associations……………………………………………………………….36
10. Reference ………………………………………………………………………….37
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Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
FOREWORD
The structure of the world economy has been fundamentally transformed
over the last several decades. In a rapidly changing global trade environment, the
international competitiveness of Canada industry is the key to growth and
prosperity.
This report offers a comprehensive picture of the furniture sector in
Canada, including furniture industry structure, global Market, domestic market
and performance, providing trends in furniture production and consumption,
furniture imports and exports, establishments, intensity, employment, wages,
industry net revenue, furniture distribution and industry performance in Canada
for the ten more recent years. Industries are defined according to the North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS).
This report also analyses the implementation of the Canada–US Free
Trade Agreement (FTA) in 1989 and the North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA), which paved the way for the strong growth of the Furniture Industry
trade in North American. Canada has been a full participant in, and beneficiary of
these developments, due in large part to its strengthening economic linkages with
other North American economies. We also address the competition from the
emerging market, especially from mainland China.
In our conclusion part, we briefly generate the strength, weakness,
opportunity and threat faced by Canadian furniture industry.
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Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
Executive Summary of Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
Definition of furniture industry:
 The Canadian furniture manufacturing is made up of the household and
institutional furniture & kitchen cabinet manufacturing, the office furniture
(including fixtures) manufacturing, and other furniture-related product
manufacturing according to the North American Industry Classification
System (NAICS 1997).
Structure and Performance:
 Global Market: Canada is the 2nd largest exporter of furniture in the world and
the number one exporter of furniture to the United States. The United States
was the main export and import market. Providing details in market share by
provinces.
 Domestic: Canadian domestic production of furniture expands in recent years,
including the market share by provinces. Providing details in number and size
of establishments and employees, the total wages and salaries in Canadian
local market.
 Performance: Historically, industry growth has been steady. Production,
shipment, intensity, employment and net revenue all increase in recent years.
NAFTA and Restructuring
 Since NAFTA has been implemented in 1994, it dramatically extended the
export of Canadian furniture industry. Most of the trades are conducted within
the NAFTA numbers.
 Furniture industry went through the profound structure after NAFTA. Large
player expand their market share and become more and more competitive
while the small ones lost their market shares, merged by larger ones or
disappeared.
 As a result, the productivity and the employment increased after NAFTA.
Competition From the Emerging Market
 Like their brethren south of the border, Canadian manufacturers are facing
stiff competition from lower-cost producers in China.
 The more and more importation from emerging market is not trade diversion.
Furthermore, according to the comparative advantage theory, Canada gets
benefits from importing some low priced furniture from emerging markets
while they direct more resource to develop and manufacture higher
value-added products to export. Moreover, because the furniture from
emerging market do not have the advantage of a 0 tariff, Canadian
sovereignty is not damaged.
Conclusion
 In general, Canada get benefit from NAFTA and Canadian competitive edge
will be kept for a long time. Canadian furniture has some strength while
having some weakness at the same. Currently, Canadian furniture faces
some good opportunity from the restoring of US economy and the huge
market volume of the emerging market such as China and India. But
Canadian furniture is facing some competition from the emerging market.
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Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
Introduction
The Canadian furniture manufacturing is made up of the household and
institutional furniture & kitchen cabinet manufacturing, the office furniture
(including
fixtures)
manufacturing,
and
other
furniture-related
product
manufacturing (Table 1), according to the North American Industry Classification
System (NAICS 1997).
“The household and institutional furniture & kitchen cabinet
manufacturing consists of establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing
furniture designed for use in households; institutions such as schools, churches,
restaurants and other public buildings; and wood kitchen cabinets, bathroom
vanities, and counters.
The office furniture (including fixtures) manufacturing comprises
establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing furniture designed for office
use, such as office chairs and desks; and office and store fixtures, such as
showcases. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing furniture parts
and frames, for all types of furniture, are also included.
Other furniture-related product manufacturing, this industry group
comprises establishments, not classified to any other industry group, primarily
engaged in manufacturing furniture-related products, such as mattress
manufacturing and blind & shade manufacturing.”
1
Canadian Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing industry
division 2001 (NAICS)
Manufacturing Shipment (% of Total Furniture Industries)
---Data source from Statistic Canada
Household and Institutional
Furniture and Kitchen Cabinet
Manufacturing
9%
Office Furniture (including
Fixtures) Manufacturing
54%
37%
Other Furniture-Related Product
Manufacturing
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Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
In 2001, the household and institutional furniture & kitchen cabinet
manufacturing accounted for 54 percent of total furniture shipments, while the
office furniture (including fixtures) manufacturing contributed to 37 percent. In
addition, 9 percent of total furniture manufacturing fell into the “other” category,
which includes mattress manufacturing and blind & shade manufacturing, etc
(Figure 1).
In 2003, the Canadian Furniture Industry Overview 2:

The 2nd largest exporter of furniture in the world.

Globally competitive.

A major contributor to the Canadian economy, employing 103,000 people.

Export-oriented with 56% of the production being shipped outside of
Canada, mostly to the U.S.
1
Source from Statistic Canada, Canadian Industry Statistics, NAICS 337-Furniture and
Related Product Manufacturing
Notes: The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS 1997), has replaced the separate
standard classification systems, Standard Industrial Classification (SIC 1980), previously used by Canada,
the United States, and Mexico.
2
Source from Statistic Canada
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Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
Structure and Performance
Global Market
In 2002, the Canadian furniture manufacturing shipped products worth
nearly $13.4 billion (Figure 2). Export played a significant role; they amounted to
$7,487 million, or 56 percent of furniture industry shipments. In the same year, the
Canadian market for furniture was $9.7 billion of which 61.6% was supplied by the
domestic industry and the balance by imports. Import worth $3,726 million.
Canadian production comprises 37% household furniture (including mattresses),
44% office and institutional furniture, 16% wood kitchen cabinets and counter
tops, and 3% other manufactured products (blinds and shades).
Figure 2 - Canadian Import, Exports and Domestic
Shipments,2002 ($ millions)
---Data source from Statistic Canada
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
Exports
Dometic shipments
Imports
Canada is the 2nd largest exporter of furniture in the world and the number
one exporter of furniture to the United States. The United States was the main
export market, absorbing $7,230 million, or 96.57 percent of Canadian furniture
exports (Figure 3). The second exports market is Mexico, which absorbed $33
million, or 0.44 percent of Canadian furniture exports. The following 1.52 percent
of Canadian furniture exports was absorbed by China, U.K., France, Japan,
Taiwan, Netherlands, Thailand and Bermuda. The remaining 1.47 percent fell into
others countries. Although there are furniture manufacturers across the country,
the majority of this sector’s activity is in Quebec and Ontario. In fact, 84.73% of
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Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
furniture manufacturing exports originate in these two provinces or $ 6,343 million
in total furniture exports (Figure 4).
Most imports come mainly from the United States (50.57 percent, or $1884
million) as well as China (18.06 percent, or $673million) and Mexico (10.17
percent, or $379 million) (Figure 5). The following big markers are Italy, Taiwan,
Malaysia and Thailand. The majority of this sector’s activity is in Ontario, British
Columbia and Quebec. 63.18% of furniture manufacturing was imported to
Ontario at about $2,425 million (Figure 6). 26.82% of furniture manufacturing was
imported to British Columbia and Quebec at about $3,358 million. These three
provinces import 90 percent of total furniture imports in 2002.
Figure 4- Exports Distribution by Province,
2002 ( % of total Exports)
Figure 3 - Market Share of Exports 2002
---Data source from Statistic Canada
---Data source from Statistic Canada
1%
2%
0%
16%
United States
Mexico
Outside NAFTA (top 8)
Others
25%
Quebec
Ontario
Others
59%
97%
Figure 5 - Market Share of Imports, 2002
Figure 6 - Imports Distribution by Province,2002
(% of total Imports)
---Data source from Statistic Canada
---Data source from Statistic Canada
8%
13%
10%
12%
51%
10%
United States
China
15%
Mexico
63%
Ontario
British Columbia
Quebec
Others
Outside NAFTA (top 7)
18%
Others
Domestic Market
In 2002, the total capital investment of the Canadian furniture and related
product manufacturing is $3.1 billions, which can be divided into $1.7 billions in
machinery and equipment and $1.4 billions in construction. It was 8.9% increasing
from 1993 to 2002, and 5.8% increasing of last year (Table 2).
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Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
In 2002, the Canadian furniture and related product manufacturing industry
was comprised of 7,695 establishments that shipped goods of own manufacture
valued at $13.4 billion. Looking at the number of establishment in Canada by
employment size, category and province, there are 41.1% of establishments have
no employees, and 51% of establishments have employees from 1 to 100 (Table
3). 39.4% of total establishments are from Quebec, and 33.7% of total
establishments are from Ontario (Table 4).
In 2001, the total number of employees is 103,609, increased from 54,976
workers in 1992 (Figure 7). Production employees are 86% of total employees,
and 14% of total employees are Administrative employees. By comparison, there
are 63,114 employees in Household and institutional furniture and kitchen cabinet
manufacturing, and 33,416 employees in office furniture, and 7,079 in other
furniture-related product manufacturing. There also was an increase in
employment between 2002 and 2003.
The total wages and salaries paid by principal establishments is $3.1
billions, including $2.4 billions from production establishments, or 76.8% of total,
and $0.7 billions from administrative, or 23.2% of total (Table 5). It was increased
9.1% from 1992 to 2001.
Furniture consumption depends on disposable income and construction of
dwellings, which depend on the country’s economic growth. In spite of a slowed
economy, Canada’s housing market continues to remain surprisingly strong.
“According to the Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corp. domestic housing stats
for 2002 were the highest since 1989. An estimated 204,857 homes broke ground
last year, representing a 25.9% increase over 2001. In October 2002, housing
stats hit a 12-year high, reaching a seasonally adjusted rate of 220,000 units,
according to the Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corp.” 3
There are some increases in the residential side of the picture picking up
the slack for a faltering office and institutional furniture market (Table 6). If we
break down home furniture/kitchen cabinet and office furniture spending by each
3
Source from the Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corp.
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Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
of Canada’s 10 provinces for 2001, Ontario and Quebec combine to represent
more than 60% of demand in each of these two categories (Table 7).
Figure 8 - Canadian Total Exports and Imports,1994-2003
9,000
8,000
$ Millions
7,000
6,000
5,000
Total Imports
Total Exports
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
0
Figure 7:
Number of Employees by Type
Principal Establishments,
1992-2001 (NAICS 337)
---Data source from Statistic Canada
---Source from Statistic Canada
Performance
Historically, industry growth has been steady. Canada exported $7.5 billion
worth of furniture in 2002 - growing at a compound average annual growth of
17.3% since 1992 (Figure 8). “The U.S. continues to represent Canada's single
largest export market, accounting for about 96% in 2002. Between 1992 and
2002, exports of Canadian furniture were increased by 394.6%. The export
orientation of Canadian furniture firms (exports as a percentage of shipments)
increased from 32.1% in 1992 to an estimated 56% in 2002. The trade balance in
Furniture and Fixtures steadily improved, year after year, from a surplus of $668
million in 1993 to a surplus of $3.8 billion in 2002.”4
Trends and cyclical variations in the furniture industry shipments have
paralleled to those of the domestic market, although a loss of market share to
imports has resulted in slightly less overall growth (Figure 9). The increase in
imports has been offset to a large extent by increase in exports.
4
Source from Statistic Canada, Industry Strategis.gc.ca
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Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
Figre 9 - Canadian Furniture Industry Market,1994-2002
12,000
$ Millions
10,000
8,000
Exports($ millons)
Imports($ millons)
Domestic shipments($ millons)
Canadian market($ millons)
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
“Canada produces a wide array of furniture products for the world market.
In 2002, Canada exported $3.7 billon worth of residential, office and institutional
furniture to the United States. The Canadian furniture industry has undergone
substantial consolidation during the past 10 years. The number of furniture
manufacturing plants was decreased by 32 percent between 1990 and 1999, from
an increase of 2,571 to 1,748. However, total employment and average
establishment size grew from 56 percent and 69 percent respectively. Production
is composed of household furniture (including mattresses), office and institutional
furniture, kitchen cabinets, counter tops and other manufactured products.
Exports have been an engine for growth as Canadian furniture exports increased
by 383 percent between 1992 and 2001, including substantial export growth to the
United States. The province of Quebec has a vibrant hardwood lumber and
processing industry using both domestic and imported woods. In 1999, Quebec
furniture industry shipments amounted to $2.0 billion. Approximately half of that
was destined for export. Canadian furniture manufacturers export most of their
products to the United States and the European Union. Quebec’s furniture
industry export orientation increased dramatically between 1991 and 1999.” 5
5
Source from Statistic Canada, Industry Strategis.gc.ca
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Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
Growth of Canadian Manufacturing Shipment:
Between 1992 and 2001, Canadian furniture and related product
manufacturing shipment increased so quickly, from $4,712 million to $13.1 billion
(Figure 10) or from 1.7 percent to 2.4 percent of total manufacturing industries. In
2002, the total shipment in this industry is keeping on growth to $13.4 billion
(Table 8).
Figure 10: Canadian Furniture Industry Shipments
(1992-2001)
Figure 11: Canadian Furniture Industry
Export Intensity (1992-2001)
---Data source from Statistic Canada
---Data source from Statistic Canada
Between 1992 and 1999, Canadian furniture and related product
manufacturing export intensity increased from 31 percent to 67 percent of total
manufacturing industries (Table 9).
As a result, the export intensity decreased
by 60% in 2000 and 54% in 2001(Figure 11).
The increasing of the labor force:
From 1992 to 2001, there is an increase of 2.2% per annum and a decrease
of -0.7% between 2000 and 2001.
The number of production employees in the Furniture and Related Product
Manufacturing (NAICS 337) sub-sector increased from 44,353 workers in 1992 to
89,053 workers in 2001. Correspondingly, the number of administrative
employees in the Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing sub-sector
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Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
increased from 10,623 workers in 1992 to 14,556 workers in 2001. There was an
increase of 6.4% over the course of the most recent year.
Analyzing manufacturing shipments per employee over time, this can be
calculated by counting all employees or only production workers. Manufacturing
shipments per production worker for furniture and related product manufacturing
were increased from $106.2 thousand in 1992 to $147.3 thousand in 2001 (Figure
12). From 1990 to 1999, the labor productivity in Canadian furniture industry was
increased about $20 per hour (Figure 13).
Figure 12: Manufacturing Shipments per Employee
Principal Establishments,1992-2001( NAICS 337)
Source: Statistic Canada, Employment
Figure 13: Labor Productivity_
Output Per Hour Principal
Establishments,1990-99
Source: Statistic Canada, Labor (NAICS337)
“If one also counts administrative workers, the growth rate over this time span
was 4.4%. Manufacturing value added per production worker for the Canadian
furniture industry increased by $55.8 thousand in 1992 to $76.4 thousand in 2001,
or at average compound annual rate of 3.6% per year. If one also counts
administrative workers, the growth rate over this time span was 4.3%.”6
6
Source from Statistic Canada, Industry Strategis.gc.ca
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Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
Net Revenues in Principal Establishments7:
“Total
revenues
in
Canadian
Furniture
and
Related
Product
Manufacturing have increased from $5.0 billion in 1992 to $14.0 billion in 2001
or by 12.1% per annum on average. In the latest year, the growth rate was
3.2%. Over the 1992-2001 period, manufacturing shipments increased by
12.1% on average, while revenues from non-manufacturing activities
increased by 13.0% during the same time
span (Table 10).”
“Net
Furniture
revenues
and
in
Related
Canadian
Product
Manufacturing have increased from $1.1
billion in 1992 to $3.9 billion in 2001 or by
15.3% per annum on average. In the latest
year the growth rate was 11.0% (Figure
14). “
Figure 14:
Net Revenues Principal
Establishments,1992-2001(NAICS 337)
Source: Statistic Canada, Industry
Economic factors:
In 2002, 97% of Canadian total furniture exports is export to U.S. Some of
economic factors have permitted establishments to benefit from an
environment that favors expansion, for example, low interest rates, and the
weak Canadian dollar compared to the U.S. dollar, and strong demand in
North America, help to explain the exceptional results furniture industries have
had in the past ten years.
Businesses in the furniture industries are vulnerable to a stronger currency
because it can be hit both by export impediments resulting from a stronger
7
Source from Canadian Industry Strategis.gc.ca, NAICS-337_Net Revenues.
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Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
loonie and the corresponding high rate of imports for cheaper foreign goods.
Canadian dollar appreciated for 20% against U.S dollar from 2001 (figure 15).
The long lasting strong Canadian dollar value would effect on the export of
furniture. After 2000, the decreasing of export of Canadian furniture is partially
related with the stronger Canadian dollar value. But, we believe that the
Canadian dollar will be weak in future, and the furniture export will be
promoted, because of the independence of Canadian economy on the export
to U.S.
Figure 15: Exchange rates between Canada and U.S, 1986-2004 (CAD$/US$)
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Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
NAFTA and Restructuring
Export and Import with NAFTA number
Since NAFTA has been implemented in 1994, it dramatically extended the
export of Canadian furniture industry. Most of the trades are conducted within
the NAFTA numbers, and only four percent of this business is conducted with
the countries outside the continental, although in recent years Imports from
China’s mainland and India have increased significantly.
Exports to United States reached its peak in 2000, which is 7,394,991,000
USD compared with 2,326,922,000 USD in 1994 (Table 11). The export to
Mexico steadily increased since 1994, from 1,834,000 USD in 1994 to
29,014,000 USD in 2003. The growth rate is 185.8% for USA and 1482% for
Mexico from 1994 to 2003 (Figure 16). After 2000, the export to United States
decreased because of the mini depression of the States’ economy.
Exports to United States basically remained the same portion, which is
nearly 96% (Table 12), while the portion to Mexico increased from 0.08% in
1994 to 0.42% in 2003. The remaining 4 percent is conducted with other
countries outside NAFTA.
Figure 16: Canadian Export to
USA & Mexico
Figure 17: Canadian Import from
USA & Mexico
Source: Statistic Canada
Source: Statistic Canada
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Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
Imports of furniture from the NAFTA signatories also increased. In 1994,
Canada imported 1,099,773,000 USD from the United States and 6,990,000
from Mexico (Table 13).These numbers increased to 1,660,859,000 from
United States and 378,466,000 from Mexico in 2003. The increase rates are
64.48% for USA and 4,414.4% for Mexico (Figure 17). The peak of imports
from USA also happened in 2000. The import from Mexico increased steadily
since 1994.
Imports from the United States decreased from 73.13% in 1994 to 45.01%
in 2003, while imports from Mexico increased from 0.46% to 10.26%
respectively (Table 14). The remaining 4 percent is conducted with other
countries outside NAFTA.
Consolidation and restructuring
After NAFTA, most of the companies in the industry relocated as to define
themselves as the North American operations rather than Canadian domestic
companies, like 10 years ago.
“In order to compete with furniture manufacturers in the United States, on
both the American and domestic markets, Canadian manufacturers had to
invest in new machinery, develop new products, lower their production costs,
expand or build new plants and increase their production capacity.”* There
fore, there has been a restructuring in Canadian furniture industry.
“The low interest rates in recent years helped promote the investment
spending necessary to penetrate the American market. Capital expenditures in
the furniture sector came to $262 million in 1998. The rate of growth of these
expenditures in these furniture industries clearly exceeded that of the
manufacturing sector (increasing 221% between 1993 and 1998, versus 41%
for all manufacturing industries). After 1998, capital expenditure declined, but it
is still higher than that of other manufacturing sub-sectors.”*
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Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
“By investing in equipment that relies on more advanced technologies, it is
possible to achieve the same production levels as at the start of the decade
with fewer workers. It should be pointed out, however, that the furniture and
fixture industries remain labor-intensive.”*
“Few industries in the manufacturing sector have undergone such
profound structural change as the furniture and fixture industries. Among
furniture manufacturers, a number of them have been unable to adapt to the
new trade context resulting from free trade and the stagnation of Canadian
demand.”*
The large establishments increased their market share
“One of the aspects of structural changes in the Furniture and Fixture
Industries is reflected in the increase in market share of large establishments.
It seems that they have more easily adapted to the new trading environment
that has developed as a result of the Free Trade Agreement. As for the small
establishments, some of them could not adapt and had to shut down whereas
others grew to satisfy increased demand (the number of establishments with
fewer than 100 employees decreased from 1,819 to 1,298 between 1990 and
1996). “
“While the market share of medium-sized establishments remained
relatively constant since 1990, that of larger establishments (500 employees
and more) rose from 11% to 22%. This increase occurred to the detriment of
smaller establishments (fewer than 100 employees) whose share of
manufacturing shipments of furniture and fixtures dropped from 55% to 44%
(Table 15 – Market Share by Size of Establishment (by number of employees).
With additional resources for research and the development of new products,
for investment in improved machinery, to attract the best workers and to get
information, it is understandable that the large establishments had a greater
impact on market globalization than the smaller establishments.”
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Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
“There are fewer establishments than at the beginning of the decade
before NAFTA was implanted, but those that remained have grown. The value
of shipments outside Canada has now surpassed the value of domestic
shipments. Those establishments that did not restructure to move towards
exporting or to increase their efficiency have known more difficult times and
some of the previous weak companies disappeared in the market.”*
“Having superior resources for developing new products or manufacturing
processes that enabled them to lower production costs is plausible as the large
establishments have been able to benefit more from the globalization of
markets than the small establishments in the furniture and fixture industries”.
For the smallest establishments, the conquest of foreign markets may be
hindered by certain obstacles: "The main obstacles to the expansion of the
activities of small and medium-sized establishments at the world level are lack
of information, certain problems of marketing, regulation and market access,
difficulty in finding managerial and financial skills, as well as experience"
(Table 15).*
While much of Canada’s furniture manufacturing is done by small shops,
the country also has its share of major manufacturing corporations. There are
profiles of some of Canada’s largest players, such as The Global Group, Dorel
Industries Inc., OSF (Ontario Store Fixtures) Inc., Teknion Corp., Alexandria
Moulding, Shermag Inc., Palliser, and so on (Table 16).
Workers’ productivity
“A direct consequence of the increase in investments is the increase in
productivity of production workers. Apart from a slight decrease in 1993, the
productivity of production workers has not stopped growing since the
beginning of this decade. In fact, productivity has evolved at the same rate as
salaries, which means that labor costs (measured as the ratio of the
productivity of these workers to the salary of these same workers) has
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Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
remained stable. In fact, labor costs have even decreased slightly. For every
dollar paid in salary in 1996, every worker produced $2.73 of value added, an
increase from $2.67 in 1991. The Furniture and Fixture Industries controlled
their labor costs in 1996 even more than the manufacturing sector as a whole.
Whereas for every dollar paid in salary the value added was similar in 1995
and 1996 in the furniture industries, the increase in salaries was not offset by a
similar increase in value added in the manufacturing sector as a whole in 1996.
The value added per dollar paid in salary decreased by 5% in the
manufacturing sector as a whole in 1996.”
“Controlling labor costs is important to ensure the competitiveness of the
Furniture and Fixture Industries. The high level of investment in 1997 and the
intentions for 1998, which foresee an increase similar to that in 1997, lead us
to believe that the productivity of workers will continue to increase and the cost
of labor will continue to decrease.”*
Domestic production and Employment
After
NAFTA,
production
of
the
domestic
Canadian
furniture
industry boomed and reached its peak at
2000.
After
downsized
2000,
as
the
the
production
result
of
the
regression of US economy. With the
now-coming extension of US economy,
Canadian
furniture
production
will
increase (Figure 18).
Figure 18: Canadian firms’
production and administration
Source: Statistic Canada
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Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
NAFTA also bring more job opportunities to Canadian people. We got the
data from 1992 to 2001. According to these data, “The total number of
employees for the Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing sub-sector
increased from 54,976 workers in 1992 to 103,609 workers in 2001, or at a
compound annual growth rate of 7.3% over this time span. There was an
increase in employment between 2000 and 2001(Table 17). By comparison,
total employment in the Manufacturing sector showed an increase of by 2.2%
per annum over the 1992-2001 periods and a decrease of -0.7% between
2000 and 2001(Table 18). The industry groups forming the Furniture and
Related Product Manufacturing sub-sector can be examined to see what are
their share of total sub-sector employment and how the number of employees
in each industry groups has changed since 1992. “*
Competition From The Emerging Market
Exports and Imports
Figure 19: Canadian Import from China
Figure 20: Canadian deficit with China
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Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
Like their brethren south of the border, Canadian manufacturers are facing
stiff competition from lower-cost producers in China. In 2001, China surpassed
Canada as the U.S.'s leading source of foreign furniture and components.
Many of Canada’s largest furniture manufacturers have embarked on
programs to source furniture and parts from China and elsewhere.
Since 1994, exports to China increased from 2,922,498 USD in 1994 to
22,931,537 USD in 2003. A portion was increased of 0.12% in 1994 to 0.33%.
At the same time, imports from China increased much faster than the export. In
1994,
US$72,620,733 furniture was imported from China (Figure 19), which
account for 4.8%, while in 2003 the number is 79,500,000 USD, which
accounts for 21.55%. The trade balance with China in this industry always
remained at a deficit. The deficit magnified from 1994’s -7,000,000USD to
current -77,000,000 USD, which is 11 times as that of 10 years ago (Figure
20).
Figure 21: Canadian Import from India
Figure 22: Canadian deficit with India
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Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
This situation is the same when we look at the other major emerging
markets, such as India.
Since 1994, exports to India increased from 160,821
USD in 1994 to 1022695 USD in 2003(Figure 21). A portion increases from
0.007% in 1994 to 0.15%. At the same time, imports from India increased
much faster than the exports. In 1994, 1,948,428 USD furniture was imported
from India, which account for 0.13%, while in 2003 the number is 9,973, 827
USD, which accounts for 0.27%. The trade balance with India in this industry
always remained at a deficit. The deficit magnified from 1994’s -1,787,607
USD to current -8,951,132 USD is 5 times larger as that of 10 years ago
(Figure 22).
Impact on Canadian Firms
Confronting more and more competition from the emerging market
countries, the export of Canadian furniture is still extending. The export
structure of the furniture industry does not change, 96% of export is
concentrated within NAFTA countries, and only 4% is conducted with countries
outside NAFTA. However, the structure of import has changed a lot, as more
and more import now come from emerging market, especially from China’s
mainland. Currently, the totality of import from China’s mainland accounts for
about 25% of Canadian total import.
What cause contributes to Canada importing more and more furniture from
China, is the relatively low price of items and better quality of the product.
However, the import would not increase so much that can impact Canadian
domestic furniture industry because the trade between Canada and China is
not free trade and Canada can use tariff and other governmental regulation to
limit the quantity of furniture imported from China. For example, another
NAFTA signatory, the United States now is accused of dumping the Chinese
furniture industry. If this anti-dumping accusation is approved by congress of
the United States, a 441% tariff rate will be imposed to the furniture imported
23
Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
from China to the States. Thus, because Canadian domestic furniture can be
protected by the tariff and other governmental regulation, the competition from
China’s mainland does not lead to profound restructuring in this industry as
NAFTA did.
The more and more importation from emerging market is not trade
diversion. Furthermore, according to the comparative advantage theory,
Canada gets benefits from importing some low priced furniture from emerging
markets while they direct more resource to develop and manufacture higher
value-added products to export. Moreover, because the furniture from
emerging market does not have the advantage of a 0 tariff, Canadian
sovereignty is not damaged.
Conclusion
In general, Canada get benefit from NAFTA and Canadian competitive
edge will be kept for a long time. The strength of Canadian furniture industry
are technology, high productivity, the success of earlier restructuring, and the
north America free trade agreement. However, Canadian furniture industry still
has some weakness, such as its higher wage than the emerging market, too
much dependence on US economy and so on. The opportunity that Canadian
furniture industry is facing now is the restoring of US economy and the huge
market volume of the emerging market such as China and India. Within the
NAFTA area, Canadian furniture industry holds the position that is stable and
not easily to lost. But this industry is challenged by USA and European
furniture industry outside the NAFTA.
*
Manufacturing, Construction and Energy Division,
EXPANSION, FREE TRADE AND SIZE OF ESTABLISHMENTS,
Saint-Pierre, August 1999
http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/35-251-XIE/1999/35-251.htm
24
Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
Tables
Table 1:
Major Group-26: Furniture and Fixture Industries, (1980)
SIC
Title
2610
Household Furniture Industries
2640
Office Furniture Industries
2691
Bed Spring and Mattress Industries
2692
Hotel, Restaurant and Institutional Furniture and Fixture
Industries
Major Group-337: Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing, (1997)
NAICS
Title
3371
Household and Institutional Furniture and Kitchen
Cabinet Manufacturing
337110
Wood Kitchen Cabinet and Counter Top Manufacturing
337121
Upholstered Household Furniture Manufacturing
337126
Household Furniture (except Wood and Upholstered) Manufacturing
337127
Institutional Furniture Manufacturing
3372
Office Furniture (including Fixtures) Manufacturing
337213
Wood Office Furniture, including Custom Architectural Woodwork,
Manufacturing
337214
Office Furniture (except Wood) Manufacturing
337215
Showcase, Partition, Shelving and Locker Manufacturing
3379
Other Furniture-Related Product Manufacturing
33791
Mattress Manufacturing
33792
Blind and Shade Manufacturing
Notes:
The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS 1997), has replaced the separate standard
classification systems, Standard Industrial Classification (SIC 1980), previously used by Canada, the United States,
and Mexico. It provides a common standard framework for the collection of economic and financial data for all three
nations.
NAICS Canada, the Canadian version of the classification, groups economic activity into 20 sectors and 925
industries, superseding the 1980 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC-E), which had 18 divisions and 860
industries as well as contained the Canadian Standard Industrial Classification for Companies and Enterprises, 1980
(SIC-C).
Source: Statistics Canada
25
Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
Table 2:
Accumulated Capital Investment*
By Type of Asset
Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing Subsector
(NAICS 337)
Value in $billions
Type of Asset
1993
2002
CAGR**
% Change
1993-2002
2001-2002
Machinery and Equipment
0.6
1.7
11.6
7.1
Construction
0.8
1.4
6.1
4.3
Total
1.4
3.1
8.9
5.8
Notes:
Totals may not add up perfectly due to rounding
* Year-End Gross Capital Stock (not depreciated)
** Compound annual growth rate
Source : Statistics Canada, Capital and Repair Expenditures Survey
26
Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
Table 3:
Number of Establishment in Canada
(Active and Inactive - 2002)
by Employment Size, Category and Province
Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing
(NAICS 337)
Province/Territory
Size Category
(Number of employees)
0**
1-4
5 - 9 10 - 19 20 - 49 50 - 99 100 - 199 200 - 499 500+
Alberta
211
132
47
38
50
27
8
2
4
British Columbia
361
288
87
91
63
23
12
1
0
Manitoba
75
33
16
21
11
8
6
7
2
New Brunswick
43
42
15
7
11
5
5
1
0
Newfoundland and Labrador
18
25
5
3
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
51
53
5
6
5
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,027
607
229
240
218
137
84
43
8
4
8
4
0
1
1
0
0
0
1,317
914
269
190
170
97
51
20
2
Saskatchewan
51
30
13
11
7
5
1
0
0
Yukon Territory
3
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
3,161
2,133
692
608
537
306
168
74
16
41.1% 27.7% 9.0%
7.9%
7.0%
4.0%
2.2%
Northwest Territories
Nova Scotia
Nunavut
Ontario
Prince Edward Island
Quebec
CANADA
Percent Distribution*
Notes:
* May not add up perfectly due to rounding
** No employees or inderminate number of employees
Source: Canadian Strategis.gc.ca
27
1.0% 0.2%
Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
Table 4:
Number of Establishment in Canada
(Active and Inactive - 2002)
by Type and Province
Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing
(NAICS 337)
Province/Territory
Non-Employers
Employers
Total
% of Canada *
Alberta
211
308
519
6.7%
British Columbia
361
565
926
12.0%
Manitoba
75
104
179
2.3%
New Brunswick
43
86
129
1.7%
Newfoundland and Labrador
18
35
53
0.7%
0
1
1
0.0%
51
72
123
1.6%
0
0
0
0.0%
1,027
1,566
2,593
33.7%
4
14
18
0.2%
1,317
1,713
3,030
39.4%
Saskatchewan
51
67
118
1.5%
Yukon Territory
3
3
6
0.1%
3,161
4,534
7,695
100%
41.1%
58.9%
100%
Northwest Territories
Nova Scotia
Nunavut
Ontario
Prince Edward Island
Quebec
CANADA
Percent Distribution
Notes:
* May not add up perfectly due to rounding
Source: Canadian Strategis.gc.ca
28
Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
Table 5:
Wages and Salaries Paid
by Type of Employee
Principal Establishments**
1992-2001
Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing
(NAICS 337)
Type of
Value in
% of Total
CAGR*
% Change
Employee
$billions
2001
1992-2001
2000-2001
1992
2001
Production
1.0
2.4
76.8%
9.9%
6.2%
Administrative
0.4
0.7
23.2%
7.0%
7.7%
Total
1.4
3.1
100%
9.1%
6.6%
Notes:
Totals may not add up perfectly due to rounding
* Compound annual growth rate
** Incorporated establishments with employees, primarily engaged in manufacturing and with sales of
manufactured goods equal or greater than $30,000
Table 6:
Canadian Office
Furniture Demand
(in billions of dollars)
Canadian Household Furniture
Spending
(in billions of dollars)
Year
Demand
Year
Spending
1999
4.3
1999
6.4
2000
5.1
2000
7.0
2001
5.1
2001
7.4
2002 (proj)
4.7
2002(proj)
7.7
2003 (proj)
4.9
2003(proj)
7.9
Source: Statistics Canada and Strategic Projections Inc
29
Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
Table 7:
Canadian Furniture Consumption by Province in 2001
Home
Province
Ontario
Office
Percentage Furniture Percentage Furniture Percentage
Population of Country Spending of Country Spending of Country
Quebec
B.C.
Alberta
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Nova Scotia
New
Brunswick
Newfoundland
PEI
11.82m
37.0
3.09b
41.5
1.98b
39.0
7.41m
24.0
1.64b
22.0
1.16b
22.7
4.09m
13.2
949m
12.7
683m
13.4
3.01m
9.7
782m
10.5
556m
10.9
1.15m
3.7
264m
3.5
194m
3.8
1.02m
3.3
216m
2.9
168m
3.3
948t
3.1
209m
2.8
143m
2.8
759t
2.5
164m
2.2
112m
2.2
534t
1.7
106m
1.4
66m
1.3
143t
0.5
29m
0.4
20m
0.4
(t = thousand; m = million; b = billion)
Source: Strategic Projections Inc., Statistics Canada and AKTRIN
Note: consumption data for the Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories and Nunavit not available.
Table 8:
Canadian Manufacturing Shipment _ Furniture and Related Product
Manufacturing, 1992-2001 (Value in Millions of Canadian Dollars)
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
12,622
13,118
NAICS 337 - Furniture and Related
Product Manufacturing
4,712
5,034
5,665
6,140
6,840
7,893
9,013
9,708
OTHERS 275,806 298,907 341,276 383,639 393,245 418,628 432,129 478,926 549,628 530,915
TOTAL (MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES) 280,518 303,942 346,941 389,779 400,085 426,521 441,142 488,634 562,249 544,032
Source of data: Statistics Canada
Table 9:
Canadian Export Intensity _ Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing, 1992-2001
(% of Manufacturing Shipment Exported)
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
NAICS 337 - Furniture and Related
Product Manufacturing
31.44% 39.28% 42.56% 50.63% 55.53% 59.48% 64.19% 67.36% 59.55% 54.48%
OTHERS 43.46% 47.50% 50.05% 52.34% 52.77% 53.33% 55.88% 56.51% 54.61% 54.06%
AVERAGE (MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES) 43.26% 47.37% 49.93% 52.31% 52.81% 53.45% 56.05% 56.72% 54.72% 54.07%
Source of data: Statistics Canada
Table 10:
30
Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
Total Revenue
Principal Establishments**
Manufacturing vs Non-Manufacturing Activity, 1992-2001
Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing Subsector
(NAICS 337)
Type of
Value in
% of Total
CAGR*
% Change
Output
$billions
2001
1992-2001
2000-2001
1992
2001
Manufacturing Shipments
4.7
13.1
93.5%
12.1%
3.9%
Other Revenues
0.3
0.9
6.5%
13.0%
-5.9%
Total
5.0
14.0
100%
12.1%
3.2%
Notes:
* Compound annual growth rate
** Incorporated establishments with employees, primarily engaged in manufacturing and with sales of manufactured goods
equal or greater than $30,000
Source: Statistics Canada
Table 11: Canadian Furniture Industry Exports (millions of Canadian Dollars)
Source: industry Canada
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
United States (U.S.) 2,326,922 2,993,588 3,651,715 4,548,001 5,631,661 6,445,226 7,394,991 7,064,298 7,229,561 6,651,150
Mexico
1,834
1,007
1,198
2,411
6,568
3,346
25,194
28,291
32,977
29,014
SUB-TOTAL 2,328,757 2,994,595 3,652,912 4,550,412 5,638,230 6,448,571 7,420,186 7,092,589 7,262,538 6,680,164
OTHERS
116,618
150,248
188,331
192,219
227,107
200,629
220,489
210,526
224,115
209,906
TOTAL (ALL
COUNTRIES) 2,445,375 3,144,843 3,841,243 4,742,631 5,865,337 6,649,200 7,640,675 7,303,115 7,486,653 6,890,071
Table 12: Canadian Furniture Industry Exports, Top 10 (%)
31
Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
95.16%
95.19%
95.07%
95.90%
96.02%
96.93%
96.78%
96.73%
96.57%
96.53%
Mexico
0.08%
0.03%
0.03%
0.05%
0.11%
0.05%
0.33%
0.39%
0.44%
0.42%
China
0.12%
0.06%
0.07%
0.10%
0.06%
0.02%
0.04%
0.19%
0.31%
0.33%
United Kingdom (U.K.)
0.62%
0.64%
0.76%
0.61%
0.56%
0.53%
0.51%
0.37%
0.33%
0.31%
Antilles)
0.14%
0.13%
0.18%
0.17%
0.13%
0.12%
0.10%
0.15%
0.20%
0.22%
Japan
0.41%
0.58%
0.55%
0.52%
0.27%
0.23%
0.24%
0.20%
0.20%
0.20%
Taiwan (Taipei)
0.05%
0.05%
0.06%
0.09%
0.06%
0.03%
0.03%
0.02%
0.07%
0.13%
Netherlands
0.25%
0.17%
0.18%
0.12%
0.12%
0.14%
0.14%
0.14%
0.24%
0.13%
Thailand
0.02%
0.01%
0.01%
0.04%
--
--
--
0.02%
0.10%
0.10%
Bermuda
0.07%
0.06%
0.06%
0.06%
0.07%
0.05%
0.04%
0.04%
0.06%
0.10%
SUB-TOTAL
96.91%
96.93%
96.96%
97.66%
97.39%
98.11%
98.21%
98.25%
98.53%
98.47%
OTHERS
3.09%
3.07%
3.04%
2.34%
2.61%
1.89%
1.79%
1.75%
1.47%
1.53%
United States (U.S.)
France (incl. Monaco, French
TOTAL (ALL COUNTRIES) 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
Source of data: Statistics Canada
Table 13: Canadian Furniture Industry Imports (millions of Canadian Dollars)
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
United States (U.S.) 1,099,773 1,377,777 1,298,675 1,550,434 1,985,967 2,263,014 2,418,259 2,057,357 1,884,360 1,660,859
Mexico
6,990
231,329
231,718
301,309
324,126
437,342
465,770
405,466
378,899
378,466
SUB-TOTAL 1,106,763 1,609,106 1,530,393 1,851,744 2,310,092 2,700,356 2,884,028 2,462,823 2,263,259 2,039,325
OTHERS
397,086
432,657
419,104
531,538
647,676
772,968
992,826 1,173,289 1,463,003 1,650,490
TOTAL (ALL
COUNTRIES) 1,503,849 2,041,763 1,949,497 2,383,282 2,957,768 3,473,323 3,876,854 3,636,112 3,726,262 3,689,815
Source: Statistics Canada
Table 14: Canadian Furniture Industry Imports, Top 10 (%)
United States (U.S.)
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
73.13%
67.48%
66.62%
65.05%
67.14%
65.15%
62.38%
56.58%
50.57%
45.01%
32
Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
China
4.83%
4.26%
5.03%
5.89%
6.00%
7.05%
9.52%
13.60%
18.06%
21.55%
Mexico
0.46%
11.33%
11.89%
12.64%
10.96%
12.59%
12.01%
11.15%
10.17%
10.26%
State)
4.58%
3.26%
3.46%
3.32%
2.97%
2.68%
3.06%
3.84%
3.86%
4.11%
Taiwan (Taipei)
6.28%
4.04%
3.22%
3.13%
3.08%
2.64%
2.90%
3.09%
2.33%
2.21%
Malaysia
1.28%
1.05%
1.57%
1.62%
1.54%
1.49%
1.52%
1.85%
2.45%
2.10%
Thailand
0.63%
0.54%
0.46%
0.59%
0.81%
0.92%
1.12%
1.32%
1.77%
2.01%
Poland
0.17%
0.18%
0.26%
0.31%
0.32%
0.33%
0.45%
0.58%
0.79%
1.33%
Timor)
0.76%
0.61%
0.59%
0.58%
0.60%
0.73%
0.83%
1.03%
1.23%
1.30%
Germany
0.91%
0.80%
0.70%
0.69%
0.74%
0.73%
0.71%
0.68%
0.76%
0.85%
SUB-TOTAL
93.03%
93.55%
93.80%
93.82%
94.15%
94.31%
94.51%
93.74%
91.98%
90.74%
OTHERS
6.97%
6.45%
6.20%
6.18%
5.85%
5.69%
5.49%
6.26%
8.02%
9.26%
Italy (includes Vatican City
Indonesia (includes East
TOTAL (ALL COUNTRIES) 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
Source of data: Statistics Canada
Table 15: Selected Principal Statistic By Size of Establishment, 1990 - 1997
Establishments
Production Workers
Manufacturing
% of total shipments
Shipments
('000$)
Size
0-49 Employees
1990
1997
1990
1997
1990
1997
1990
1997
1,599
1,024
18,115
12,925
1,336,475
1,189,273
28.7
18.4
220
154
13,667
9,335
1,236,926
1,148,863
26.5
17.8
100-199 Employees
84
92
9,503
10,808
880,824
1,409,995
18.9
21.8
200+ Employees
36
45
10,094
16,370
1,207,641
2,716,472
25.9
42.0
1,939
1,315
51,379
49,438
4,661,866
6,464,603
100.0
100.0
50-99 Employees
TOTAL
Source: Statistics Canada, Annual Survey of Manufactures, 1990 and 1997
Table 16:
Source: industry Canada
33
Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
Major Canadian Secondary
Wood Product
Manufacturers
Location
CDN$ of Millions
(in Sales, 2001)
Downsview, Ontario
1,450
Montreal, Quebec
1,430
Toronto, Ontario
770
Winnipeg, Manitoba
500
OSF (Ontario Store Fixtures) Inc
Weston, Ontario
250
SMED International
Calgary, Alberta
200
Winnipeg, Manitoba
170
Thornhill, Ontario
170
Alexandria, Ontario
165
Shermag Inc.
Sherbrooke, Quebec
165
Inscape Corp.
Holland Landing, Ontario
135
Louiseville, Quebec
128
The Global Group
Dorel Industries Inc.
Teknion Corp.
Palliser
Kitchen Craft of Canada
Canac Kitchens
Alexandria Moulding
Canadel Furniture
Table 17: employment in furniture and related product manufacturing
Employment by Type
Principal Establishments** ,1992-2001
Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing
(NAICS 337)
Type
Number of
% of
of Employee
Employees
Total 1992-2001
1992
Production
2001
CAGR*
% Change
2000-2001
2001
44,353
89,053 86.0%
8.1%
5.8%
Administrative 10,623
14,556 14.0%
3.6%
6.4%
7.3%
5.9%
Total
54,976 103,609
100%
Notes:
* Compound Annual Growth Rate
** Incorporated establishments with employees, primarily engaged in manufacturing and with sales of manufactured
goods equal or greater than $30,000
Source: Statistics Canada
Table 18:
34
Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
Total Employment
Principal Establishments**
Industry Groups forming the
Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing Subsector
(NAICS 337)
NAICS Industry Group
Number of
Code
Employees
3371
Household and Institutional Furniture and Kitchen Cabinet
CAGR*
% Change
1992-2001 2000-2001
1992
2001
34,643
63,114
6.9%
7.7%
14,820
33,416
9.5%
2.0%
5,513
7,079
2.8%
8.5%
54,976
103,609
7.3%
5.9%
1,622,184 1,976,105
2.2%
-0.7%
Manufacturing
3372
Office Furniture (including Fixtures) Manufacturing
3379
Other Furniture-Related Product Manufacturing
337
Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing
31-33
All Manufacturing
Notes:
* Compound Annual Growth Rate
** Incorporated establishments with employees, primarily engaged in manufacturing and with sales of manufactured
goods equal or greater than $30,000
Source: Statistics Canada
INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS
35
Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
Canadian Furniture Manufacturers Associations:
Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturers Association (BIFMA)
2680 Horizon Drive, SE / Suite A-1, Grand Rapids, MI 49546-7500 U.S.A.
Tel.: (616) 285-3963
Fax: (616) 285-3765
E-mail: email@bifma.org
Canadian Council of Furniture Manufacturers
Terry Clark, Acting President,c/o Accro Furniture Industries
305 Mckay Ave,Winnipeg MB R2G 0N5
Tel.: (204) 654-1114
Fax: (204) 654-2792
E-mail: tjclark@accro-acmechrome.com
Furniture West
Joe Malko, President,1873 Inkster Blvd,Winnipeg MB R2R 2A6
Tel.: (204) 632-5529
Fax: (204) 694-1281
Toll Free: (800) 665-7390
E-mail: info@furniturewest.ca
Wood Manufacturing Council
Richard Lipman, President, 130 Albert Street,Suite 514, Ottawa, ON K1P 5G4
Tel: (613) 567-5511
Fax: (613) 567-5411
E-mail: wmc@wmc-cfb.ca
Ontario Furniture Manufacturers Association
J. David Hanna, Executive Vice-president,6900 Airport Road,
Suite 200,Box 85, Mississauga ON L4V 1E8
Tel.: (905) 677-6561
Fax: (905) 677-5212
E-mail: d.hanna@ofma.ca
Quebec Furniture Manufacturers Association
Jean François Michaud, President and CEO,1111,
St-Urbain St., Suite 101,Montreal QC H2Z 1Y6
Tel.: (514) 866-3631
Fax: (514) 871-9900
E-mail: info@afmq.com
Reference
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Canadian Furniture Industry Research Report
 Statistic Canada,Industry Statistics, NAICS 337-Furniture and Related
Product Manufacturing
 Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corp.
 Statistic Canada,Industry Statistics, NAICS 337-Furniture and Related
Product Manufacturing_Net Revenues
 Statistic Canada,Industry Statistics, Manufacturing, Construction and
Energy Division, EXPANSION, FREE TRADE AND SIZE OF
ESTABLISHMENTS, Saint-Pierre, August 1999
http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/35-251-XIE/1999/35-251.htm
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