BRANCHIOPODA
FRESHWATER CLADOCERA
LOURDES M. A. ELMOOR-LOUREIRO
Departamento de Biologia
Universidade Católica de Brasília
Order Cladocera Latreille, 1829
Family Holopedidae Sars, 1865
Genus Holopedium Zaddach, 1855
Holopedium amazonicum Stingelin 1904
Synonymy: Korovchinsky, 1992: 78.
Description and diagnosis: Korovchinsky, 1992: 78.
References: Stingelin, 1904a: 55, pl. 1, figs. 1-2; 1904c: 153; Thomasson, 1955: 214; Green, 1972: 218; Brandorff,
1978: 1201; Hardy, 1980: 604; Brandorff et al., 1982: 92; Korovchinsky, 1992: 78, figs. 378-381.
Geographic distribution: Tropical America. Brazil (AM, MT).
Comments: Pelagic, in rivers and lakes with pH ranging from 4.8 to 5.6.
Family Sididae Baird, 1850
Genus Diaphanosoma Fischer 1850
Diaphanosoma birgei Korineck 1981
Synonymy: Korovchinsky, 1992: 229.
Description and diagnosis: Korineck, 1981: 1115.
References: Thomasson, 1955: 214 (as Diaphanosoma brachyurum); Herbst, 1967: 96, figs. 17-19 (as D. cf
brachyurum); Green, 1972: 217 (as D. brachyurum); Santos, 1980: 225 (as D. brachyurum);
Korinek, 1981: 1115, figs. 1-11; Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 17, figs. 4a-g (as D. brachyurum); Bohrer et
al., 1988: 553 (as D. brachyurum); Elmoor-Loureiro, 1990a: 757, figs. 1-11; Korovchinsky, 1992: 229,
figs. 135-142.
Geographic distribution: North to South America. Brazil (AM, MT, DF, MG, SP, RS).
Comments: The South American records were questioned by Korovchinsky (1992), who supposed them to
represent a new species.
Diaphanosoma brevireme Sars 1901
Synonymy: Korovchinsky, 1992: 57.
Description and diagnosis: Paggi, 1978: 44.
References: Sars, 1901: 13, pl. 2, figs. 11-16; Daday, 1905: 213; Brehm & Thomsen, 1936: 213, figs. 1-2 (as
Diaphanosoma neotropicum); Brehm, 1937: 502 (as D. neotropicum); Schubart, 1938: 48 (as D.
neotropicum); 1942: 26 (as D. neotropicum); Arcifa, 1984: 138 (as D. neotropicum); Montú &

ELMOOR-LOUREIRO, L.M.A., 1998. Branchiopoda. Freshwater Cladocera. In: YOUNG, P.S. (ed.).
Catalogue of Crustacea of Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: Museu Nacional. p. 15-41. (Série Livros n. 6).
CATALOGUE OF CRUSTACEA OF BRAZIL
16
Gloeden, 1986: 20, figs. 5a-f; Sendacz & Melo Costa, 1991: 466; Korovchinsky, 1992: 57, figs. 278287.
Geographic distribution: Neotropical Region. Brazil (AC, MS, PE, SP, RS).
Comments: Probably in littoral zone or in waters with widely varying water level.
Diaphanosma fluviatile Hansen 1899
Synonymy: Korovchinsky, 1992: 35.
Description and diagnosis: Paggi, 1978: 59.
References: Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 19, figs. 4h-o; Brandorff, 1978: 1201; Brandorff & Andrade, 1978: 64;
Korovchinsky, 1992: 35, figs. 162-170.
Geographic distribution: Neotropical Region. Brazil (AM, RS).
Diaphanosoma polyspina Korovchinsky 1982
Description and diagnosis: Korovchinsky, 1992: 57.
References: Korovchinsky, 1982: 695, fig. 4; 1992: 57, figs. 288-294.
Geographic distribution: Amazonian Region. Brazil (AM).
Diaphanosoma spinulosum Herbst, 1967
Synonymy: Korovchinsky, 1992: 53.
Description and diagnosis: Paggi, 1978: 49.
References: Sars, 1901: 10, pl. 2, figs. 1-10 (as Diaphanosoma sarsi); Spandl, 1926: 102 (as D. sarsi); Green,
1972: 217 (as D. sarsi); Brandorff, 1978: 1201 (as D. sarsi); Paggi, 1978: 49, figs. 33-55; Hardy, 1980:
604 (D. sarsi); Robertson, 1980: tab. 2 (as D. sarsi); Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 22, figs. 5g-j (as D.
sarsi); Neumann-Leitão et al., 1989: 809, pl. 2, figs. 2-2b; Sendacz & Melo Costa, 1991: 466;
Korovchinsky, 1992: 53, figs. 265-271.
Geographic distribution: Neotropical Region. Brazil (AC, AM, PA, PI, PE, MT, SP, RS).
Comments: Planktonic, eurytopic.
Genus Latonopsis Sars, 1888
Latonopsis australis Sars, 1888
Synonymy: Korovchinsky, 1992: 14.
Description and diagnosis: Korovchinsky, 1992: 14.
References: Richard, 1897a: 277; Brehm & Thomsen, 1936: 212 (as Latonopsis breviremis); Brehm, 1937: 497
(as L. occidentalis); 1938: 95 (as L. breviremis); Schubart, 1938: 48 (as L. breviremis); 1942: 25 (as
L. breviremis and occidentalis); Elmoor, 1981: 35 (as L. occidentalis); Brandorff et al., 1982: 91, figs.
48, 55; Rey & Vasquez, 1986a: 145, pl. 3, fig. 1-14; Korovchinsky, 1992: 14, figs. 65-68.
Geographic distribution: Tropical and subtropical Regions. Brazil (AM, PE, AL, DF, RS).
Comments: Especially in littoral zone.
Genus Pseudosida Herrick, 1884
Pseudosida bidentata Herrick 1884
Synonymy: Korovchinsky, 1992: 70.
Description and diagnosis: Korovchinsky, 1992: 70.
References: Bergamin, 1931: 47; 1939b: 63; Thomas, 1961: 2, figs. 2-3; Green, 1972: 217; Montú & Gloeden,
1986: 15, figs. 3b-c; Korovchinsky, 1992: 70, figs. 343-351.
Geographic distribution: “Known with certainty only from the southern Regions of USA”, “but it is probably
distributed in the tropics and subtropics of Central and South America.” (Korovchinsky, 1992).
Brazil (MT, SP, RS).
Pseudosida ramosa (Daday, 1904)
Synonymy: Korovchinsky, 1992: 67.
Description and diagnosis: Korovchinsky, 1992: 67.
References: Brandorff et al., 1982: 92, figs. 51-54; Rey & Vasquez, 1986a: 144, pl. 1, fig. 1-11; Korovchinsky,
1992: 67, figs. 321-336.
BRANCHIOPODA. FRESHWATER CLADOCERA
17
Geographic distribution: Tropical America. Brazil (AM).
Comments: Environments with pH ranging from 5.0 to 6.37.
Genus Sarsilatona Korovkinsky, 1985
Sarsilatona behningi Korovkinsky, 1985
Synonymy: Korovchinsky, 1992: 92.
Description and diagnosis: Korovchinsky, 1985: 418.
References: Brandorff et al., 1982: 92, figs. 49-50 (as Latonopsis fasciculata partim); Korovchinsky, 1985: 418,
pls. 9-11; 1992: 92, figs. 105-114.
Geographic distribution: Amazonian Region. Brazil (AM).
Comments: Occurs together with Sarsilatona serricauda.
Sarsilatona serricauda (Sars, 1901)
Synonymy: Korovchinsky, 1992: 21.
Description and diagnosis: Korovchinsky, 1985: 406.
References: Sars, 1901: 6, pl. 1, figs. 1-6 (as Latonopsis serricauda); Hardy, 1980: 604 (as L. fasciculata);
Robertson, 1980: tab. 2 (as L. serricauda); Brandorff et al., 1982: 92, figs. 49-50 (as L. fasciculata
part); Korovchinsky, 1985: 406, pls. 3-8; 1992: 21, figs. 91-104; Reid & Turner, 1988: 489 (as L.
fasciculata).
Geographic distribution: From southern USA to Argentina. Brazil (AM, MA, SP).
Comments: Occurs together with Sarsilatona behningi.
Genus Sida Straus, 1820
Sida crystallina (O. F. Müller, 1875)
Synonymy: Korovchinsky, 1992: 2.
Description and diagnosis: Korovchinsky, 1992: 2.
References: Ihering, 1895: 169; Bergamin, 1931: 47; 1939b: 63; Korovchinsky, 1992: 2, figs. 1-17.
Geographic distribution: Almost all of Holarctic Region, sparse records for Vietnam and South America.
Brazil (SP, RS).
Comments: Littoral species, occasionally pelagic.
Family Bosminidae Sars, 1865
Genus Bosmina Baird, 1845
Bosmina hagmanni Stingelin, 1904
Synonymy: Paggi, 1979: 144.
Description and diagnosis: Paggi, 1979: 144.
References: Stingelin, 1904b: 582, tab. 20, figs. 5-6; 1904c: 153; Daday, 1905: 196, pl. 12, figs. 18-24; (as
Bosmina tenuirostris and B. macrostyla); Herbst, 1967: 96 (as Neobosmina hagmanni); Green,
1972: 218; Brandorff & Andrade, 1978: 64 (as B. chilensis); Paggi, 1979: 144, figs. 90-107; Hardy,
1980: 604 (as B. chilensis); Robertson, 1980: tab. 2 (as E. hagmanni); Elmoor-Loureiro, 1988: 505,
figs. 6-12; 1990b: 109; Neumann-Leitão et al., 1991: 400.
Geographic distribution: South America. Brazil (AM, PA, DF, SP, RS).
Comments: Resembles Bosmina chilensis, which only occurs in the southern part of South America.
Bosmina longirostris (O. F. Müller, 1785)
Synonymy: Lieder, 1983: 121.
Description and diagnosis: Elmoor-Loureiro, 1988: 503.
References: Arcifa-Zago, 1976: 131; Arcifa, 1984: 138; Lieder, 1983: 121, figs. 1-9; Elmoor-Loureiro, 1988: 503,
figs. 1-5; Reid & Turner, 1988: 489; Bohrer et al., 1988: 553.
Geographic distribution: Cosmopolitan. Brazil (MA, DF, SP, RS).
Comments: Appears to prefer eutrophic environments; with several ecomorphs.
CATALOGUE OF CRUSTACEA OF BRAZIL
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Bosmina tubicen Brehm, 1953
Synonymy: Deevey & Deevey, 1971: 213.
Description and diagnosis: Elmoor-Loureiro, 1988: 507.
References: Deevey & Deevey, 1971: 213, figs. 6-7 (as Eubosmina tubicen); Brandorff, 1978: 1201; Montú &
Gloeden, 1986: 43, fig. 12e-f (as E. tubicen); Elmoor-Loureiro, 1988: 507, figs. 13-18; NeumannLeitão et al., 1991: 400; Sendacz & Melo Costa, 1991: 466.
Geographic distribution: Tropical America, Africa, and Australia. Brazil (AC, PA, DF, MG, SP).
Comments: In the Distrito Federal (DF), inhabits slightly eutrophic waters.
Genus Bosminopsis Richard, 1895
Bosminopsis brandorffi Rey & Vasquez, 1989
Description and diagnosis: Rey & Vasquez, 1989: 215.
References: Brandorff et al., 1982: 93 (as Bosminopsis sp.); Rey & Vasquez, 1989: 215, figs. 1-13.
Geographic distribution: Venezuela and Brazil (AM, PA, MT).
Bosminopsis deitersi Richard, 1895
Synonymy: Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 45.
Description and diagnosis: Rey & Vasquez, 1986d: 222.
References: Richard, 1895: 96, fig. 14; 1897a: 283, figs. 28-31; Stingelin, 1904c: 154; Thomasson, 1955: 214 (as
Bosminiella anisiti); Hardy, 1980: 604; Robertson, 1980: tab. 2; Reid & Turner, 1988: 489; Green,
1972: 218; Brandorff, 1976: 113; 1978: 1201; Daday, 1905: 199, pl. 13, figs. 1-5 (as B. anisiti); Santos,
1980: 225; Arcifa-Zago, 1976: 131; Arcifa, 1984: 138; Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 45, fig. 13a-d; Rey &
Vasquez, 1986d: 222, pl. 2, figs. 1-16; Neumann-Leitão et al., 1991: 400; Sendacz & Melo Costa,
1991: 466.
Geographic distribution: North to South America and Sri Lanka. Brazil: (AC, AM, PA, MA, MT, MG, MS, SP,
RS).
Bosminopsis negrensis Brandorff, 1976
Description and diagnosis: Brandorff, 1976: 109.
References: Brandorff, 1976: 109, figs. 1-6; 1978: 1201; Hardy, 1980: 604.
Geographic distribution: Amazonian Region. Brazil (AM).
Comments: In black waters.
Family Daphniidae Straus, 1820
Genus Ceriodaphnia Dana, 1853
Ceriodaphnia cornuta Sars, 1886
Synonymy: Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 26.
Description and diagnosis: Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 26.
References: Sars, 1901: 20 (as Ceriodaphnia rigaudi); Stingelin, 1904c: 154 (as C. rigaudi); Daday, 1905: 206,
pl. 13, figs. 14-15 (as C. rigaudi); Spandl, 1926: 102, fig. 3a-d (as C. paradoxa); Brehm & Thomsen,
1936: 213 (as C. rigaudi); Brehm, 1937: 499 (as C. rigaudi); 1938: 95 (as C. rigaudi); Bergamin,
1931: 26 (as C. rigaudi); 1939b: 62 (as C. rigaudi); 1939c: 87, fig. 8 (as C. rigaudi); Schubart, 1938:
48 (as C. rigaudi); 1942: 26 (as C. rigaudi); Thomasson, 1953: 191, pl. 2, fig. 3a-b; 1955: 214 (var.
paradoxa); Herbst, 1967: 96; Green, 1972: 218 (as C. cornuta var. rigaudi); Brandorff, 1978: 1201;
Brandorff & Andrade, 1978: 64; Hardy, 1980: 604; Santos, 1980: 225; Robertson, 1980: tab. 2;
Elmoor, 1981: 35; Arcifa, 1984: 138; Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 26, fig. 7a-e; Reid & Turner, 1988:
489; Neumann-Leitão et al., 1989: 809, pl. 2, figs. 1-1a (as C. rigaudi); Sendacz & Melo Costa, 1991:
466.
Geographic distribution: Tropical and temperate North to South America. Brazil (AC, AM, PA, MA, PI, PE,
DF, MG, MS, SP, RS).
BRANCHIOPODA. FRESHWATER CLADOCERA
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Comments: The occurrences of distinct varieties (typica and rigaudi) is related to the presence or absence
of predators.
Ceriodaphnia pulchella Sars, 1862
Synonymy: Olivier, 1962: 209.
Description and diagnosis: Olivier, 1962: 209.
References: Herbst, 1967: 96.
Geographic distribution: Europe and South America. Brazil (AM).
Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (O. F. Müller, 1785)
Synonymy: Olivier, 1962: 210.
Description and diagnosis: Olivier, 1962: 210.
References: Bergamin, 1931: 27; 1939b: 62; 1939c: 88, fig. 9; Bohrer et al., 1988: 553.
Geographic distribution: North to South America. Brazil (SP, RS).
Ceriodaphnia reticulata (Jurine, 1820)
Synonymy: Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 29.
Description and diagnosis: Olivier, 1962: 211; Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 29.
References: Richard, 1897a: 278; Brandorff, 1978: 1201; Robertson, 1980: tab. 2; Arcifa, 1984: 138; Montú &
Gloeden, 1986: 29, fig. 8a-b.
Geographic distribution: Holarctic, Neotropical, and Ethiopic Regions. Brazil (AM, PA, SP, RS).
Comments: Planktonic, in waters with pH between 7.0 and 9.2 and dense vegetation.
Ceriopahnia richardi Sars, 1901
Synonymy: Olivier, 1962: 212.
Description and diagnosis: Olivier, 1962: 212.
References: Sars, 1901: 21, pl. 3, figs. 11-15; Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 28, fig. 7f-h (as Ceriodaphnia dubia).
Geographic distribution: Argentina and Brazil (SP, RS).
Comments: Planktonic, in waters with salinity between 0.86 and 3.55.
Ceriodaphnia silvestrii Daday, 1902
Synonymy: Olivier, 1962: 212.
Description and diagnosis: Daday, 1902: 276.
References: Daday, 1902: 276, pl. 11, figs. 6-10; Elmoor-Loureiro, 1990b: 109.
Geographic distribution: South America. Brazil (DF, RS).
Comments: Some plates (Daday, 1905; Olivier, 1962) did not show the lateral expansions of fornices. This species
was reported as Ceriodaphnia dubia by Harding (1955: 335).
Genus Daphnia O. F. Müller, 1785
Daphnia ambigua Scourfield, 1947
Synonymy: Brooks, 1957: 96.
Description and diagnosis: Brooks, 1957: 96.
References: Arcifa, 1984: 138; Matsumura-Tundisi, 1984: 162, figs. 6-7; Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 25, fig. 6c-d.
Geographic distribution: North to South America, England, and Belgium. Brazil (SP, RS).
Daphnia gessneri Herbst, 1967
Description and diagnosis: Herbst, 1967: 96.
References: Herbst, 1967: 96, figs. 20-29; Arcifa-Zago, 1976: 131; Arcifa, 1984: 138; Brandorff, 1978: 1202;
Brandorff & Andrade, 1978: 64; Hardy, 1980: 604; Robertson, 1980: tab. 2; Santos, 1980: 225;
Matsumura-Tundisi, 1984: 161, figs. 1-2; Sendacz & Melo Costa, 1991: 466.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (AC, AM, PA, MG, SP).
Comments: Usually is the most common species in eutrophic waters.
Daphnia laevis Birge, 1878
CATALOGUE OF CRUSTACEA OF BRAZIL
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Synonymy: Brooks, 1957: 117.
Description and diagnosis: Brooks, 1957: 117.
References: Santos, 1980: 225 (as Daphnia dubia); Matsumura-Tundisi, 1984: 162, figs. 3-5.
Geographic distribution: From southern USA to Argentina. Brazil (MG).
Genus Scapholeberis Schoedler, 1858
Scapholeberis armata (Herrick, 1882)
Synonymy: Dumont & Pensaert, 1983: 35.
Description and diagnosis: Dumont & Pensaert, 1983: 35.
References: Daday, 1905: 205 (as Scapholeberis mucronata); Dumont & Pensaert, 1983: 35, figs. 18-20.
Geographic distribution: North to South America. Brazil (MS).
Comments: In South America the variety freyi occurs.
Scapholeberis spinifera (Nicolet, 1849)
Synonymy: Dumont & Pensaert, 1983: 32.
Description and diagnosis: Dumont & Pensaert, 1983: 32.
References: Richard, 1897a: 281, figs. 25-27 (var. brevispina); 1897b: 329; Dumont & Pensaert, 1983: 32, pl.
17, figs. 1-12; Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 41, fig. 12a-d.
Geographic distribution: Chile, Argentina, and Brazil (RS).
Comments: In the Patos Lagoon, inhabits coastal waters, with floating or benthic vegetation.
Genus Simocephalus Schoedler, 1858
Simocephalus acutirostris King, 1853
Description and diagnosis: Gauthier, 1939: 144.
References: Brehm, 1937: 502; fig. 2; 1938: 95, figs. 1-2 (as Simocephalus acutirostratus); Gauthier, 1939:
144, figs. 3A-F (as Simosa acutirostrata brehmi); Schubart, 1942: 26.
Geographic distribution: Australia, Africa, and Brazil (PE, AL).
Simocephalus aguabrancai Bergamin, 1938
Description and diagnosis: Bergamin, 1939b: 62.
References: Bergamin, 1939b: 62, fig. 7.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (SP).
Simocephalus iheringi Richard, 1897
Synonymy: Harding, 1955: 329.
Description and diagnosis: Sars, 1901: 25.
References: Richard, 1897a: 279, figs. 22-24; Sars, 1901: 25, pl. 4, figs. 10-13; Bergamin, 1931: 23, pl. 1, fig. 2
(Simocephalus fonsecai); 1939a: 85, pl. 1, figs. 2, 4 (S. fonsecai); 1939b: 62, figs. 1-4 (S. fonsecai).
Geographic distribution: South America. Brazil (SP, RS).
Simocephalus kerhervei Bergamin, 1931
Description and diagnosis: Bergamin, 1939a: 85.
References: Bergamin, 1931: 25, pl. 1, fig. 3; 1939a: 85, pl. 1, fig. 3; 1939b: 62, fig. 6.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (SP).
Simocephalus latirostris Stingelin, 1906
Description and diagnosis: Orlova-Bienkowskaja, 1995: 46.
References: Stingelin, 1906: 187, figs. 5-7; Brehm, 1937: 503, figs. 2-3; Schubart, 1942: 26; Robertson, 1980:
tab. 2; Brandorff et al., 1982: 92, figs. 56-60; Orlova-Bienkowskaja, 1995: 46, figs. 2-6.
Geographic distribution: Tropics and subtropics of South and Central America. Brazil (AM, PA, PE).
Comments: In waters with low pH, high constant temperatures, which may have low levels of O2 and,
probably, clear and not polluted.
BRANCHIOPODA. FRESHWATER CLADOCERA
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Simocephalus serrulatus (Koch, 1841)
Synonymy: Stingelin, 1913: 611.
Description and diagnosis: Sars, 1901: 23; Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 37.
References: Richard, 1897a: 278, figs. 20-21; Sars, 1901: 23, pl. 4, figs. 1-9 (as Simocephalus semiserratus);
Stingelin, 1913: 611, figs. 14-16; Bergamin, 1931: 24; 1939b: 62, fig. 5; Santos, 1980: 225; Montú &
Gloeden, 1986: 37, figs. 10c-f.
Geographic distribution: North to South America and Africa. Brazil: (MG, SP, RS).
Comments: In shallow littoral waters with benthic and floating vegetation.
Simocephalus vetulus (O. F. Müller, 1776)
Description and diagnosis: Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 38.
References: Brehm & Thomsen, 1936: 213; Brehm, 1938: 95 (as Simocephalus cf. vetula); Schubart, 1938: 48;
1942: 26; Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 38, fig. 11 a-c.
Geographic distribution: North to South America, Africa, and Nepal. Brazil (PE, RS).
Comments: In Patos Lagoon, always associated with vegetation.
Family Moinidae Goulden, 1968
Genus Moinodaphnia Herrick, 1887
Moinodaphnia macleayi (King, 1853)
Synonymy: Goulden, 1968: 84.
Description and diagnosis: Goulden, 1968: 84.
References: Sars, 1901: 16, pl. 3, fig. 1-10; Daday, 1905: 203; Brehm & Thonsem, 1936: 213; Brehm, 1937: 497;
1938: 95; Schubart, 1938: 48; 1942: 27; Goulden, 1968: 84, figs. 45-46.
Geographic distribution: Circumtropical. Brazil (PE, AL, MS, SP).
Comments: In small lakes, swamps and pools, near the bottom mud or in the weeds.
Genus Moina Baird, 1850
Moina micrura Kurz, 1874
Synonymy: Goulden, 1968: 28.
Description and diagnosis: Goulden, 1968: 28; Smirnov, 1976: 194.
References: Daday, 1905: 201, pl. 13, figs. 9-13 (as Moina ciliata); Brehm & Thonsem, 1936: 213 (as M.
makrophtalma); Brehm, 1937: 497 (as M. propinqua); 1938: 95 (as M. makrophtalma); Schubart,
1938: 48 (as M. cf. macrophtalma); 1942: 27 (as M. macrophtalma and propinqua); Goulden,
1968: 28, figs. 8-12; Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 23, fig. 6a-b; Neumann-Leitão et al., 1989: 809, pl. 2,
fig. 3; Elmoor, 1981: 35.
Geographic distribution: Cosmopolitan, tropical and subtropical. Brazil (PE, AL, DF, MS, RS).
Comments: The variety present in South America is Moina micrura ciliata (after Goulden, 1968).
Moina minuta Hansen, 1899
Synonymy: Goulden, 1968: 62.
Description and diagnosis: Goulden, 1968: 62; Smirnov, 1976: 222.
References: Stingelin, 1904b: 580, T 20, figs. 3-4 (as Moinodaphnia brasiliensis); 1904c: 153 (as M.
brasiliensis); Spandl, 1926: 103, figs. 4a-d (as Moina minima); Schubart, 1942: 27; Goulden, 1968:
62, figs. 27-28; Brandorff, 1978: 1201; Robertson, 1980: tab. 2; Santos, 1980: 225; Brandorff et al.,
1982: 92; Bohrer et al., 1988: 553; Sendacz & Melo Costa, 1991: 466.
Geographic distribution: Neotropical. Brazil (AC, AM, PA, PI, PE, MG, SP, RS).
Comments: The species appears to be a limnoplanktonic and littoral form. In Amazonia, prefers black and
white waters, poor in nutrients.
Moina reticulata (Daday, 1905)
Synonymy: Goulden, 1968: 72.
Description and diagnosis: Goulden, 1968: 72.
CATALOGUE OF CRUSTACEA OF BRAZIL
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References: McNair, 1976: 41, figs. 1A-E, 2A; Brandorff, 1978: 1201; Goulden, 1968: 72, figs. 35-36; Hardy,
1980: 604; Robertson, 1980: tab. 2; Santos, 1980: 225; Brandorff et al., 1982: 93; Sendacz & Melo
Costa, 1991: 466.
Geographic distribution: Neotropical Region, with one report from Africa. Brazil (AC, AM, PA, MG).
Comments: In Amazon, prefers clear waters, rich in nutrients.
Moina rostrata McNair, 1980
Description and diagnosis: McNair, 1980: 1.
References: McNair, 1980: 1, figs. 1-2; Brandorff et al., 1982: 93, figs. 1-3.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM, PA).
Comments: Probably is a new genus of this family (Brandorff et al., 1982).
Family Ilyocryptidae Smirnov, 1992
Genus Ilyocryptus Sars, 1862
Ilyocryptus sordidus (Liévin, 1848)
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1976: 45.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1976: 45.
References: Sars, 1901: 42, pl. 7, figs. 11-13; Smirnov, 1976: 45, figs. 12, 14.
Geographic distribution: Basically Holarctic, with some records from Africa and South America. Brazil (SP).
Comments: In South America the variety is sarsi Stingelin, 1913 (Smirnov, 1976).
Ilyocryptus spinifer Herrick, 1882
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1976: 53.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1976: 53.
References: Ihering, 1895: 169 (as Acanthocercus immundus); Sars, 1901: 40, pl. 7, figs. 1-10 (as Ilyocryptus
longiremis); Stingelin, 1909: 644 (as I. longiremis); Brehm, 1937: 498 (as I. longiremis); 1938: 95
(as I. longiremis); Bergamin, 1931: 46, pl. 2, fig. 4 (as I. tetraspinatus); 1939a: 86, pl. 2, fig. 4 (as I.
tetraspinatus); 1939b: 63; Schubart, 1942: 27 (as I. longiremis); Green, 1972: 219; Hardy, 1980:
604; Robertson, 1980: tab. 2; Santos, 1980: 225; Elmoor, 1981: 35; Brandorff et al., 1982: 94, figs. 67-69;
Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 35, fig. 10a-b; Bohrer et al., 1988: 553.
Geographic distribution: Cosmopolitan, in tropical and subtropical Regions. Brazil (AM, PE, MT, DF, MG,
SP, RS).
Comments: Benthic.
Ilyocryptus verrucosus Daday, 1905
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1976: 56.
Description and diagnosis: Daday, 1905: 191; Smirnov, 1976: 56.
References: Daday, 1905: 191, pl. 2, figs. 11-14; Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 34, fig. 9d-f.
Geographic distribution: Paraguay and Brazil (RS).
Comments: Benthic. In Patos Lagoon, it is stenothermal (13.5 to 14.0ºC).
Family Macrothricidae Norman & Brady, 1867
Genus Grimaldina Richard, 1892
Grimaldina brazzai Richard 1892
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1992: 107.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1976: 155; 1992: 107.
References: Sars, 1901: 28, pl. 5, figs. 1-14; Brehm, 1937: 498; Schubart, 1942: 28; Robertson, 1980: tab. 2;
Brandorff et al., 1982: 103, fig. 70; Smirnov, 1992: 107, figs. 461-468.
Geographic distribution: Circumtropical. Brazil (AM, PA, PE, SP).
Genus Macrothrix Baird, 1843
Macrothrix laticornis (Jurine, 1820)
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1992: 26.
BRANCHIOPODA. FRESHWATER CLADOCERA
23
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1992: 26.
References: Richard, 1897a: 286; Daday, 1905: 194; Bergamin, 1931: 43; 1939b: 63; Green, 1972: 218; Smirnov,
1976: 72, figs. 8, 38-40; Santos, 1980: 225; Elmoor, 1981: 35; Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 33, fig. 9a-c;
Smirnov, 1992: 26, figs. 49-59, pl. 1.
Geographic distribution: Holarctic. Brazil (MT, MG, MS, SP, RS).
Comments: Tropical records require reidentification (Smirnov, 1992).
Macrothrix mira (Smirnov, 1982)
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1992: 84.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1992: 84.
References: Brandorff et al., 1982: 101, figs. 95-99.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM, PA).
Macrothrix paulensis (Sars, 1900)
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1992: 82.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1992: 82.
References: Sars, 1900: 4, pls. 1-2 (as Iheringula paulensis); 1901: 31 (as I. paulensis); Brehm, 1938: 97, figs. 34 (as I. paulensis); Schubart, 1942: 28; Smirnov, 1976: 130, figs. 112-114 (as E. paulensis); 1992: 82,
figs. 342-352; Brandorff et al., 1982: 95, fig. 80 (as Echnisca paulensis).
Geographic distribution: USA (Florida) and Brazil (AM, PA, PE, DF, SP).
Comments: Appears to prefer shallow lakes with dense vegetation.
Macrothrix sioli (Smirnov, 1982)
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1992: 93.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1992: 93.
References: Brandorff et al., 1982: 95, figs. 74-79.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM, PA).
Macrothrix spinosa King 1853
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1992: 29, figs. 60-93.
Description and diagnosis: Dumont & van de Velde, 1977: 55; Smirnov, 1992: 29.
References: Richard, 1897a: 287, figs. 32-34 (as Macrothrix goeldi); Sars, 1901: 36, pl. 6, figs. 10-12 (as
Macrothrix squamosa); Brehm & Thomsen, 1936: 213; Brehm, 1937: 497 (as M. squamosa); 1938:
95 (as M. cf goeldi); Schubart, 1938: 48 (as M. cf. spinosa); 1942: 28 (as M. squamosa and
goeldi); Robertson, 1980: tab. 2 (as M. goeldi); Smirnov, 1992: 29, figs. 60-93.
Geographic distribution: Circumtropical and subtropical. Brazil (AM, PA, PE, SP, RS).
Comments: The synonymy with M. goeldi and M. squamosa need confirmation (Smirnov, 1992).
Macrothrix superaculeata (Smirnov, 1982)
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1992: 74.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1992: 74.
References: Brandorff et al., 1982: 96, figs. 81-92 (as Echnisca superaculeata); Smirnov, 1992: 74, figs. 320327, pl. 3, figs. 16-18, pl. 4, pl. 5, fig. 30.
Geographic distribution: Argentina and Brazil (AM, PA).
Macrothrix triserialis (Brady, 1886)
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1992: 51.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1992: 51.
References: Sars, 1901: 33, pl. 6, figs. 1-9 (as Macrotrhix elegans); Daday, 1905: 194 (as M. elegans); Brehm &
Thomsen, 1936: 213; Brehm, 1937: 498; 1938: 95; Schubart, 1938: 48; 1942: 28; Green, 1972: 218;
Smirnov, 1976: 109, figs. 81-84 (as Echnisca triserialis); 1992: 51, figs. 191-205; Robertson, 1980:
tab. 2; Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 31, fig. 8c-f.
Geographic distribution: Pantropical and subtropical. Brazil (PA, PE, AL, MT, MS, SP, RS).
Comments: These records should be reviewed; some may be misidentifications of recently described, related
species.
CATALOGUE OF CRUSTACEA OF BRAZIL
24
Genus Streblocerus Sars, 1862
Streblocerus pygmaeus Sars, 1901
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1992: 123.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1992: 123.
References: Sars, 1901: 38, pl. 4, figs. 13-17; Robertson, 1980: tab. 2; Brandorff et al., 1982: 103, figs. 71-73;
Smirnov, 1992: 123, figs. 517-523.
Geographic distribution: South America, southern USA, and China (?). Brazil (AM, PA, SP).
Comments: Only known from the tropical to subtropical lowlands (Brandorff et al., 1982).
Family Chydoridae Stebbing, 1902
Subfamily Eurycercinae Kurz, 1875
Genus Eurycercus Baird, 1843
Eurycercus lamellatus (O. F. Müller, 1785)
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 248.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1974: 248.
References: Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 46, fig. 13e-g.
Geographic distribution: Holarctic Region, with rare records to Brazil, Argentina, and south of Africa. Brazil:
(RS).
Comments: Records outside of the Holarctic Region should be reviewed.
Subfamily Chydorinae Stebbing, 1902
Genus Alonella Sars, 1862
Alonella brasiliensis Bergamin, 1935
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1984: 157.
References: Bergamin, 1935: 284, figs. 1-2; 1939b: 63; Smirnov, 1984: 157, figs. 8-14; Rey & Vasquez, 1986a:
148, pl. 5, figs. 1-12.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM, SP).
Alonella dentifera Sars, 1901
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 328.
Description and diagnosis: Sars, 1901: 61; Smirnov, 1974: 328.
References: Sars, 1901: 61, pl. 10, figs. 4-4a; Daday, 1905: 162, pl. 10, figs. 10-11; Bergamin, 1931: 39; 1939b: 63;
1941: 165, fig. 5; Robertson, 1980: tab. 2; Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 58, fig. 17f-g.
Geographic distribution: North and South America. Brazil (PA, MS, SP, RS).
Alonella excisa clathratula Sars, 1896
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 321.
Description and diagnosis: Sars, 1901: 62 (as Alonella clathratula).
References: Sars, 1901: 62, pl. 10, figs. 5-5a (as A. clathratula); Daday, 1905: 161 (as A. clathratula); Harding,
1955: 345, figs. 69-70.
Geographic distribution: South America, southern Africa, Australia, and Java. Brazil (SP).
Alonella granulata Brehm, 1933
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 328.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1974: 328.
References: Brehm, 1937: 498; Schubart, 1942: 31.
Geographic distribution: Java and Brazil (PE).
Alonella hamulata (Birge, 1879)
Synonymy: Rey & Vasquez, 1986a: 150.
Description and diagnosis: Rey & Vasquez, 1986a: 150.
BRANCHIOPODA. FRESHWATER CLADOCERA
25
References: Brehm, 1937: 507, fig. 4 (Pleuroxus chappuisi); Schubart, 1942: 31 (P. chappuisi); Green, 1972:
221; Robertson, 1980: tab. 2 (P. chappuisi); Rey & Vasquez, 1986a: 150, pl. 5, figs. 13-20.
Geographic distribution: Europe, North to South America, Africa, and China (doubtful). Brazil (PA, AL, PE,
MT).
Comments: The synonymy of this species with Pleuroxus chappuisi is dubious, and the limits of its
geographic distribution are uncertain (Rey & Vasquez, 1986a).
Alonella lineolata Sars, 1901
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 328.
Description and diagnosis: Sars, 1901: 58; Smirnov, 1974: 328.
References: Sars, 1901: 58, pl. 10, figs. 1-1a.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (SP).
Genus Anchistropus Sars, 1862
Anchistropus ominosus Smirnov, 1985
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1985: 137.
References: Smirnov, 1985: 137, figs. a-e.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (PA).
Comments: First record of Anchistropus outside of Holarctic Region.
Genus Chydorus Leach, 1816
Chydorus eurynotus Sars, 1901
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 374.
Description and diagnosis: Sars, 1901: 70; Paggi, 1972: 224.
References: Sars, 1901: 70, pl. 11, fig. 3a-c; Bergamin, 1931: 31, pl. 1, fig. 5 (as Chydorus nomeralis); 1939a: 85,
pl. 1, fig. 5 (as C. nomeralis); 1939b: 62 (as C. nomeralis); 1939c: 91, fig. 14 (as C. nomeralis);
1940a: 98, fig. 16; Brehm & Thonsem, 1936: 213 (as C. flavescens); Brehm, 1937: 498 (as C.
flavescens); 1938: 95 (as C. flavescens); Schubart, 1938: 49 (as C. flavescens); 1942: 32 (as C.
flavescens and eurynotus); Green, 1972: 220; Paggi, 1972: 224, figs. 1-21; Robertson, 1980: tab. 2;
Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 76, fig. 23h-k.
Geographic distribution: Pantropical and Australia. Brazil (PA, PE, AL, MT, SP, RS).
Comments: In Patos Lagoon, it is euryhaline, limnetic.
Chydorus nitidulus (Sars, 1901)
Synonymy: Frey, 1982: 261.
Description and diagnosis: Paggi, 1972: 234; Frey, 1982: 261.
References: Sars, 1901: 64, pl. 10, figs. 7-7a (as Alonella nitidula); Bergamin, 1931: 33, pl. 1, fig. 2 (as Pleuroxus
retrocurvatus); 1939a: 85, pl. 2, fig. 2 (as P. retrocurvatus); 1939b: 62 (as P. retrocurvatus);
1940b: 48, fig. 1 (as P. retrocurvatus); Paggi, 1972: 234, figs. 42-53; Frey, 1982: 261, pl. 10, figs. 2235; Rey & Vasquez, 1986a: 152, pl. 7, figs. 13-19.
Geographic distribution: Neotropical Region. Brazil (SP).
Chydorus parvireticulatus Frey, 1987
Synonymy: Frey, 1987: 385.
Description and diagnosis: Frey, 1987: 385.
References: Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 76, fig. 23h-k (as Chydorus faviformis); Frey, 1987: 385, figs. 263-284.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM, PA, RS).
Chydorus pubescens Sars, 1901
Synonymy: Paggi, 1972: 229.
Description and diagnosis: Paggi, 1972: 229.
CATALOGUE OF CRUSTACEA OF BRAZIL
26
References: Sars, 1901: 71, pl. 11, fig. 4a-c; Brehm, 1937: 489 (as Chydorus cf. eurynotus); Bergamin, 1940a:
99, fig. 17; Green, 1972: 220; Paggi, 1972: 229, figs. 25-41; Smirnov, 1974: 382, figs. 347-349 (as C.
ciliatus); Santos, 1980: 225; Robertson, 1980: tab. 2; Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 73, fig. 22d-g (as C.
ciliatus).
Geographic distribution: South America. Brazil (PA, MT, MG, SP, RS).
Comments: Although Smirnov (1974) considered C. pubescens synonymous with C. ciliatus, I prefer to
consider both as valid species.
Chydorus sphaericus sensu lato
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 342.
Description and diagnosis: Frey, 1980: 100.
References: Richard, 1897a: 296 (as Chydorus leonardi); 1897b: 330; Sars, 1901: 69; Daday, 1905: 159;
Bergamin, 1931: 29; 1939b: 62; 1939c: 89, fig. 11; Schubart, 1942: 32; Hardy, 1980: 604; Santos,
1980: 225; Frey, 1980: 100, pls. 1-3; Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 74, fig. 23a-b.
Geographic distribution: Cosmopolitan. Brazil (AM, PE, MG, MS, SP, RS).
Comments: Chydorus sphaericus may be a species complex (Frey, 1980).
Genus Dadaya Sars, 1901
Dadaya macrops (Daday, 1898)
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 399.
Description and diagnosis: Sars, 1901: 74; Paggi, 1975: 145.
References: Sars, 1901: 74, pl. 11, figs. 5a-b; Stingelin, 1904c: 154; Bergamin, 1931: 32, pl. 2, fig. 1 (as Dadaya
ocellata); 1939a: 86, pl. 2, fig. 1 (as D. ocellata); 1940a: 100, figs. 19-20 (as D. ocellata and
macrops); Brehm, 1938: 95; Schubart, 1942: 32; Paggi, 1975: 145, figs. 28-50.
Geographic distribution: North and South America, Africa, Australia, and Indo-Malasia. Brazil (AM, PE, AL,
SP).
Genus Disparalona Freyer, 1968
Disparalona acutirostris (Birge, 1879)
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 338.
Description and diagnosis: Frey, 1961: 134 (as Alonella acutirostris).
References: Daday, 1905: 169, figs. 24-25 (as Leptorhynchus rostratus); Robertson, 1980: tab. 2 (as A.
acutirostris).
Geographic distribution: North and South America, eastern Africa. Brazil (PA, MS).
Disparalona dadayi (Birge, 1910)
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 338.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1974: 338.
References: Daday, 1905: 168, figs. 18-23 (as Leptorhynchus dentifer); Stingelin, 1909: 644, fig. 2 (as L.
dentifer); Brehm & Thomsen, 1936: 213, fig. 9 (as Alonella dadayi); Brehm, 1937: 498 (as A.
dadayi); 1938: 95 (as A. dadayi); Schubart, 1942: 31 (as A. dadayi); Green, 1972: 221 (as A. dadayi);
Robertson, 1980: tab. 2 (as A. dadayi); Santos, 1980: 225 (as A. dadayi).
Geographic distribution: North and South America. Brazil (PA, PE, MT, MG).
Genus Dunhevedia King, 1853
Dunhevedia odontoplax Sars, 1901
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 396.
Description and diagnosis: Sars, 1901: 76; Smirnov, 1974: 396.
References: Sars, 1901: 76, pl 11, fig. 6a-b; Brehm, 1937: 498 (as D. odontocephala and odontoplax); 1938: 95;
Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 71, fig. 22a-c.
Geographic distribution: Neotropical Region. Brazil (SP, RS).
Genus Ephemeroporus Frey, 1982
BRANCHIOPODA. FRESHWATER CLADOCERA
27
Ephemeroporus barroisi (Richard, 1894) group
Synonymy: Frey, 1982: 234.
Description and diagnosis: Frey, 1982: 234.
References: Sars, 1901: 67, pl. 11, figs. 1-16b; Bergamin, 1931: 30 (as Chydorus barroisi); 1939b: 62 (as C.
barroisi); 1939c: 91, fig. 13 (as C. barroisi); Green, 1972: 220 (as C. barroisi); Santos, 1980: 225 (as
C. barroisi); Robertson, 1980: tab. 2 (as C. barroisi); Elmoor, 1981: 35 (as C. barroisi); Frey, 1982:
234, pl. 1.
Geographic distribution: Cosmopolitan. Brazil (PA, MT, DF, MG, SP).
Comments: Frey (1982) considered E. barroisi a species complex. The types of E. barroisi s.s. are lost, and
the original description has many doubtful characters.
Ephemeroporus hybridus (Daday, 1905)
Synonymy: Frey, 1982: 238.
Description and diagnosis: Frey, 1982: 238.
References: Green, 1972: 220 (as Chydorus hybridus); Smirnov, 1974: 374, figs. 333, 336 as (C. hybridus);
Santos, 1980: 225 (as C. hybridus); Frey, 1982: 238, pl. 3, figs. 1-8, pl. 4, figs. 1-20; Rey & Vasquez,
1986a: 152, pl. 7, figs. 1-12; Bohrer et al., 1988: 553.
Geographic distribution: South America and USA (Florida). Brazil (MT, MG, RS).
Ephemeroporus poppei (Richard, 1897)
Synonymy: Frey, 1982: 237.
Description and diagnosis: Frey, 1982: 237.
References: Richard, 1897a: 296, figs. 44-45 (as Chydorus poppei); Bergamin, 1940a: 98, fig. 15; Schubart,
1942: 32 (as C. cf. poppei); Frey, 1982: 237, pl. 1, figs. 44-45.
Geographic distribution: South America. Brazil (AL, SP).
Comments: Frey (1982) stated that many records of Chydorus poppei, including that of Bergamin (1940a),
probably are of other species, but did not elucidate which ones.
Ephemeroporus tridentatus (Bergamin, 1931)
Synonymy: Frey, 1982: 243.
Description and diagnosis: Frey, 1982: 243.
References: Sars, 1901: 68, pl. 11, figs. 2-2c (as Chydorus poppei); Bergamin, 1931: 29, pl. 1, fig. 6 (as C.
tridentatus); 1939a: 85, pl. 1, fig. 6 (as C. tridentatus); 1939b: 62 (as C. tridentatus); 1939c: 90, fig.
12 (as C. tridentatus); Frey, 1982: 243, pl. 4, figs. 21-33, Rey & Vasquez, 1986a: 150, pl. 6, figs 1-14.
Geographic distribution: South America and New South Wales (?). Brazil (SP).
Genus Pleuroxus Baird, 1843
Pleuroxus aduncus (Jurine, 1820) group
Synonymy: Frey, 1993b: 145.
Description and diagnosis: Frey, 1993b: 145.
References: Daday, 1905: 160 (Pleuroxus scapulifer); Green, 1972: 221; Frey, 1993b: 145, figs. 70-164.
Geographic distribution: Cosmopolitan group of species. Brazil (MT, MS).
Comments: Pleuroxus aduncus s.s. does not occur in other continents than Eurasia. In southernmost South
America, we recognize at least three species related to P. aduncus: P. scopuliferus Ekman, 1900, P.
varidentatus Frey, 1993 and P. paraplesius Frey, 1993. At this moment, the species from Brazil
was not identified.
Pleuroxus denticulatus Birge, 1877
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 281.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1974: 281.
References: Bergamin, 1931: 33; 1939b: 62; 1940b: 49, fig. 2; Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 67, fig. 20d-g.
Geographic distribution: Europe, North and South America, Africa, and northern China. Brazil (SP, RS).
Pleuroxus similis Sars, 1901
CATALOGUE OF CRUSTACEA OF BRAZIL
28
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 281.
Description and diagnosis: Sars, 1901: 79.
References: Sars, 1901: 79, pl. 11, fig. 7a-b; Birabén: 1939: 667, figs. 20-21; Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 65, fig.
20a-c.
Geographic distribution: Southern South America. Brazil (RS).
Genus Pseudochydorus Freyer, 1968
Pseudochydorus globosus (Baird, 1850)
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 402.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1974: 402.
References: Bergamin, 1940a: 99, fig. 18 (as Chydorus globosus); Robertson, 1980: tab. 2; Santos, 1980: 225
(as C. globosus).
Geographic distribution: Holarctic, Ethiopian, Indo-Malaysian, Australian, and Neotropical Regions. Brazil
(PA, MG, SP).
Comments: The records of this species from Brazil shoud be reviewed.
Subfamily Aloninae Frey, 1967
Genus Acroperus Baird, 1843
Acroperus harpae Baird 1843
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 495.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1974: 495.
References: Thomasson, 1953: 191, pl. 2, fig. 1a-b; Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 53, fig. 16a-d.
Geographic distribution: Holarctic, Ethiopian, Indo-Malaysian, and Neotropical Regions. Brazil (AM, SP, RS).
Genus Alona Baird, 1843
Alona broaensis Matsumura-Tundisi & Smirnov, 1984
Description and diagnosis: Matsumura-Tundisi & Smirnov, 1984: 327.
References: Matsumura-Tundisi & Smirnov, 1984: 327, figs. 15-21.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (SP).
Alona cambouei Guerne & Richard, 1893
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 462.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1974: 462.
References: Richard, 1897a: 289, figs. 35-36; Sars, 1901: 55, pl. 9, figs. 6-6a (as Alona glabra); Brehm &
Thomsen, 1936: 213 (as A. glabra and cf. cambouei); Schubart, 1938: 49 (as A. glabra and cf.
cambouei); 1942: 30 (as A. glabra); Birabén, 1939: 658, figs. 9-10; Harding, 1955: 343, figs. 61-64.
Geographic distribution: Asia, Australia, and Neotropical Region. Brazil (PE, SP).
Comments: Probably Alona cambouei Guerne & Richard, 1893 is distinct from Alona glabra Sars, 1901, the
South American records having to be imputed to the latter.
Alona davidi Richard, 1895
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 451.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1974: 451.
References: Richard, 1897a: 294, figs. 42-43 (as Alona davidi var iheringi); Sars, 1901: 60, pl. 10, fig. 3a-b (as
Alona diaphana); Brehm & Thomsen, 1936: 213; Brehm, 1937: 497 (as Alona davidi and Alonella
diaphana); 1938: 95; Schubart, 1938: 49; 1942: 30; Green, 1972: 219 (as Alona diaphana); Montú &
Gloeden, 1986: 52, fig. 15e-h.
Geographic distribution: Ethiopia, Australia, and South America. Brazil (PE, AL, MT, SP, RS).
Comments: Smirnov (1974) recognized two subspecies for the Neotropical Region, iheringi and punctata.
BRANCHIOPODA. FRESHWATER CLADOCERA
29
Alona guttata Sars, 1862
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 465.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1974: 465.
References: Sars, 1901: 51, pl. 9, figs. 3-3a; Bergamin, 1931: 35; 1939b: 63; 1940b: 51, fig. 5; Santos, 1980: 225;
Robertson, 1980: tab. 2; Elmoor, 1981: 35.
Geographic distribution: Cosmopolitan. Brazil (PA, DF, MG, SP).
Comments: Found among aquatic vegetation.
Alona incredibilis Smirnov, 1984
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1984: 155.
References: Smirnov, 1984: 155, figs. 1-6.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM).
Alona monacantha Sars, 1901
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 438.
Description and diagnosis: Sars, 1901: 54.
References: Sars, 1901: 54, pl. 9, figs. 5-5b; Daday, 1905: 176; Spandl, 1926: 103, fig. 5a-c (as Alona reiseri);
Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 55, fig. 16e-j.
Geographic distribution: Neotropical and Ethiopian Regions, China. Brazil (PI, MS, SP, RS).
Comments: Limnetic species (Montú & Gloeden, 1986).
Alona parva (Daday, 1905)
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 480.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1974: 480.
References: Daday, 1905: 186, pl. 2, figs. 20-21 (as Leydigia parva); Bergamin, 1931: 41, pl. 2, fig. 5 (as Birgeia
travassosi); 1939a: 86, pl. 2, fig. 5 (as B. travassosi); 1939b: 63 (as B. travassosi).
Geographic distribution: Neotropical Region. Brazil (SP).
Alona poppei Richard, 1897
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 423.
Description and diagnosis: Richard, 1897a: 290; Rey & Vasquez 1986a: 155.
References: Richard, 1897a: 290; Brehm, 1937: 499; Schubart, 1942: 30; Rey & Vasquez 1986a: 155, pl. 7, figs.
1-11.
Geographic distribution: Neotropical and Ethiopian Regions. Brazil (PE).
Alona pulchella King, 1853
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 460.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1974: 460.
References: Brehm, 1937: 506; Schubart, 1942: 30; Green, 1972: 219.
Geographic distribution: Australian, Neotropical, and Ethiopian Regions. Brazil (AL, MT).
Alona quadrangularis (O. F. Müller, 1875)
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 417.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1974: 417.
References: Bergamin, 1931: 35; 1939b: 63; 1940b: 50, fig. 4; Robertson, 1980: tab. 2.
Geographic distribution: Holarctic, Ethiopian, Indo-Malaysian, and Neotropical Regions. Brazil (PA, SP).
Alona rectangula Sars, 1861
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 425.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1974: 425.
References: Sars, 1901: 52; Green, 1972: 219; Santos, 1980: 225; Elmoor, 1981: 35.
Geographic distribution: Cosmopolitan. Brazil (MT, DF, MG, SP).
Comments: Found among aquatic vegetation.
Alona rustica Scott, 1895
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 442.
CATALOGUE OF CRUSTACEA OF BRAZIL
30
Description and diagnosis: Frey, 1965: 162.
References: Sars, 1901: 49, pl. 9, fig. 2a-c (as Alona iheringi); Reid, 1984: 100.
Geographic distribution: Holarctic and Neotropical Regions. Brazil (DF, SP).
Genus Biapertura Smirnov, 1971
Biapertura affinis (Leydig, 1860)
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 572.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1974: 572.
References: Sars, 1901: 48, pl. 9, fig. 1a-d (as Alona affinis); Brehm, 1937: 498 (as A. affinis); Schubart, 1942:
30; Green, 1972: 219 (as A. affinis); Robertson, 1980: tab. 2; Santos, 1980: 225 (as A. affinis);
Elmoor, 1981: 35 (as A. affinis); Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 57, fig. 17a-e.
Geographic distribution: Cosmopolitan. Brazil (PA, PE, MT, DF, MG, SP, RS).
Biapertura intermedia (Sars, 1862)
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 582.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1974: 582.
References: Sars, 1901: 53, pl. 9, figs. 4-4a; Daday, 1905: 175; Bergamin, 1931: 34; 1939b: 63; 1940b: 50, fig. 3;
Brehm, 1937: 497 (as Alona intermedia); Schubart, 1942: 30; Robertson, 1980: tab. 2; Rey &
Vasquez 1986a: 157, pl. 10, figs. 1-6.
Geographic distribution: Cosmopolitan. Brazil (PA, AL, MS, SP).
Biapertura karua (King, 1853)
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 587.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1974: 587.
References: Sars, 1901: 59, pl. 9, figs. 2a-d (as Alonella karua); Brehm, 1937: 499 (as Alona mülleri); 1938: 95
(as Alonella karua); Bergamin, 1941: 166, fig. 7 (as Alonella karua); Schubart, 1942: 31 (as Alonella
karua); Green, 1972: 219 (as Alona karua); Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 61, fig. 18f-h.
Geographic distribution: Circumtropical and subtropical. Brazil (MT, PE, SP, RS).
Biapertura verrucosa (Sars, 1901)
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 588.
Description and diagnosis: Sars, 1901: 56.
References: Sars, 1901: 56, pl. 9, figs. 7-7a (as Alona verrucosa); Brehm, 1937: 504 (as A. verrucosa); 1938:
100, figs. 6-7 (as A. verrucosa); Schubart, 1942: 30 (as A. verrucosa); Green, 1972: 220 (as A.
verrucosa); Paggi, 1975: 139, figs. 1-27 (as A. verrucosa); Santos, 1980: 225 (as A. verrucosa);
Robertson, 1980: tab. 2; Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 59, fig. 18a-e (as Biapertura pseudoverrucosa
verrucosa).
Geographic distribution: Neotropical Region. Brazil (PA, PE, AL, MT, MG, SP, RS).
Comments: Smirnov (1974) considered this species as a subspecies of Biapertura pseudoverucosa, but I
prefer to consider both as distinct species.
Genus Camptocercus Baird, 1843
Camptocercus dadayi Stingelin, 1913
Synonymy: Rey & Vasquez, 1986c: 177.
Description and diagnosis: Rey & Vasquez, 1986c: 177.
References: Spandl, 1926: 104, fig. 6 (as Camptocercus sp.); Birabén, 1939: 654, figs. 4-5 (as C. australis);
Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 49, fig. 14d-h (as C. australis); Rey & Vasquez, 1986c: 177, figs. 1-13.
Geographic distribution: South America. Brazil (PI, RS).
Comments: Some records of this genus from Brazil – Ihering (1895) (Camptocercus sp., from SC) and
Robertson (1980) (Camptocercus rectirostris, from PA) – need to be reconfirmed.
Genus Euryalona Sars, 1901
Euryalona brasiliensis Brehm & Thomsen, 1936
BRANCHIOPODA. FRESHWATER CLADOCERA
31
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 614.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1974: 614.
References: Brehm & Thomsen, 1936: 213, figs. 3-4; Brehm, 1937: 498; Schubart, 1938; 48; 1942: 28;
Rajapaksa & Fernando, 1987b: 88.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (PE).
Comments: Rajapaksa & Fernando (1987b) commented that this species should be transferred to Kurzia.
Euryalona orientalis (Daday, 1898)
Synonymy: Rajapaksa & Fernando, 1987b: 75.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1974: 609; Rajapaksa & Fernando, 1987b: 75.
References: Sars, 1901: 81, pl. 12, fig. 1a-b (as Euryalona occidentalis); Bergamin, 1931: 37 (as E. occidentalis);
1939b: 63 (as E. occidentalis); 1941: 163, fig. 3 (as E. occidentalis); Brehm, 1937: 498 (as E.
occidentalis); 1938: 95; Schubart, 1942: 28 (as E. occidentalis and orientalis); Green, 1972: 221 (as
E. occidentalis); Robertson, 1980: tab. 2 (as E. occidentalis); Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 62, fig. 19a-e;
Rajapaksa & Fernando, 1987b: 75, figs. 1-43.
Geographic distribution: Neotropical, Ethiopian, and Indo-Malaysian Regions, China. Brazil (PA, PE, AL, MT,
SP, RS).
Genus Graptoleberis Sars, 1862
Graptoleberis testudinaria (Fischer, 1851)
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 544.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1974: 544.
References: Sars, 1901: 66, pl. 10, fig. 8a (var. occidentalis); Bergamin, 1931: 38; 1939b: 63; 1941: 164, fig . 4;
Birabén, 1939: 665, fig. 19; Green, 1972: 220; Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 64, fig. 19f-h.
Geographic distribution: Cosmopolitan. Brazil (MT, SP, RS).
Genus Kurzia Dybowski & Grochowski, 1894
Kurzia latissima (Kurz, 1874)
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 487.
Description and diagnosis: Sars, 1901: 85; Smirnov, 1974: 487.
References: Sars, 1901: 85, pl. 12, fig. 2a-b (as Pseudalona latissima); Robertson, 1980: tab. 2; Montú &
Gloeden, 1986: 47, fig. 14a-c; Rey & Vasquez, 1986a: 161, pl. 12, figs. 1-14.
Geographic distribution: Holarctic and Neotropical Regions. Brazil (PA, SP, RS).
Kurzia longirostris (Daday, 1898)
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 490.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1974: 490.
References: Sars, 1901: 87, pl. 12, figs. 3a-b (as Pseudalona longirostris).
Geographic distribution: Neotropical, Indo-Malaysian, and Ethiopian Regions, northeastern China, and New
Guinea. Brazil (SP).
Genus Leydigia Kurz, 1875
Leydigia ciliata Gauthier, 1939
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 557.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1974: 557.
References: Gauthier, 1939: 168, fig. 9A-G (as Leydigia propinqua var. ciliata); Green, 1972: 221.
Geographic distribution: Neotropical, Ethiopic, and Australian Regions, east of China. Brazil (MT).
Leydigia ipojucae Brehm, 1938
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 569.
Description and diagnosis: Brehm, 1938: 102; Smirnov, 1974: 569.
References: Brehm, 1938: 102, figs. 9-10; Schubart, 1942: 29.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (PE).
CATALOGUE OF CRUSTACEA OF BRAZIL
32
Comments: Brehm (1951) considered this species synonymous with Leydigia propinqua.
Leydigia propinqua Sars, 1903
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 564.
Description and diagnosis: Smirnov, 1974: 564.
References: Brehm, 1937: 509, fig. 5; Schubart, 1942: 29.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (PE).
Leydigia schubarti Brehm & Thomsen, 1936
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 565.
Description and diagnosis: Brehm & Thomsen, 1936: 213; Smirnov, 1974: 565.
References: Brehm & Thomsen, 1936: 213, figs. 5-6; Brehm, 1937: 499; 1938: 95; Schubart, 1938: 48; 1942:
29.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (PE)
Genus Leydigiopsis Sars, 1901
Leydigiopsis brevirostris Brehm, 1938
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 626.
Description and diagnosis: Brehm, 1938: 101; Valdivia Villar, 1984: 1572.
References: Brehm, 1938: 101, fig. 8; Schubart, 1942: 29.
Geographic distribution: South America. Brazil (PE).
Comments: Valdivia Villar (1984) commented that this species has morphological adaptations for living in
the mud.
Leydigiopsis curvirostris Sars, 1901
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 625.
Description and diagnosis: Sars, 1901: 44.
References: Sars, 1901: 44, pl. 8, figs. 1-11; Schubart, 1938: 49; 1942: 29; Robertson, 1980: tab. 2.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (PA, SP).
Leydiopsis megalops Sars, 1901
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 626.
Description and diagnosis: Sars, 1901: 46.
References: Sars, 1901: 46, pl. 8, figs. 12-14;
Geographic distribution: Brazil (SP).
Leydigiopsis ornata Daday, 1905
Synonymy: Rey & Vasquez, 1986b: 169.
Description and diagnosis: Rey & Vasquez, 1986b: 169.
References: Brehm & Thomsen, 1936: 213 (as Leydigiopsis curvirostris); Brehm, 1937: 510, figs. 6-7; Schubart,
1942: 30; Rey & Vasquez, 1986b: 169, pl. 1, figs. 1-14, pl. 2, figs. 1-5.
Geographic distribution: Neotropical Region. Brazil (PE, AL).
Genus Notoalona Rajapaksa & Fernando, 1987
Notoalona sculpta (Sars, 1901)
Synonymy: Rajapaksa & Fernando, 1987a: 141.
Description and diagnosis: Rajapaksa & Fernando, 1987a: 141.
References: Sars, 1901: 63, pl. 10, figs. 6-6a (as Alonella sculpta); Bergamin, 1931: 40 (as Alona globulosa);
1941: 165, fig. 6 (as Alona globulosa); Robertson, 1980: tab. 2 (as Alona globulosa); Rajapaksa &
Fernando, 1987a: 141, figs. 60-77.
Geographic distribution: From southern USA to Paraguay. Brazil (PA, SP).
Genus Oxyurella Dybowski & Grochowski, 1894
BRANCHIOPODA. FRESHWATER CLADOCERA
33
Oxyurella ciliata Bergamin, 1931
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 605.
Description and diagnosis: Bergamin, 1941: 162; Rey & Vasquez, 1986a: 158.
References: Bergamin, 1931: 36, pl. 2, fig. 3; 1939a: 86, pl. 2, fig. 3; 1939b: 63; 1941: 162, fig. 1; Rey & Vasquez,
1986a: 158, pl. 11, figs. 1-8.
Geographic distribution: South America. Brazil (SP).
Oxyurella longicaudis (Birge, 1910)
Synonymy: Smirnov, 1974: 607.
Description and diagnosis: Birge: 1910: 1045; Smirnov, 1974: 607.
References: Brehm & Thomsen, 1936: 213 (as Odontalona longicaudis); Brehm, 1937: 498 (as O.
longicaudis); 1938: 100, fig. 5 (as O. longicaudis); Bergamin, 1931: 37; 1939b: 63; 1941: 163, fig. 2;
Schubart, 1938: 48 (as O. longicaudis); 1942: 29 (as O. longicaudis); Bohrer et al., 1988: 553.
Geographic distribution: Neotropical Region. Brazil (PE, AL, SP, RS).
Doubtful records:
Bosmina coregoni of Thomasson, 1955: 214 (AM); Santos, 1980: 225 (MG).
Ceriodaphnia laticaudata of Bergamin, 1931: 27; 1939b: 62; 1939c: 88, fig. 10 (SP).
Streblocerus serricaudatus of Robertson, 1980: tab. 2 (PA).
Simocephalus expinosus of Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 40, fig. 11d-f (RS).
Scapholeberis kingi of Santos, 1980: 225 (MG).
Macrothrix rosea of Bergamin, 1939b: 63 (SP).
Alonella nana of Santos, 1980: 225 (MG).
Alona costata of Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 51, fig. 15a-d (RS).
Alona cf abbreviata of Brehm & Thomsen, 1836: 213, figs. 7-8 (PE); Schubart, 1942: 31 (PE).
Pleuroxus striatus of Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 70, fig. 21a-e (RS).
Pleuroxus truncatus of Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 68, fig. 21d-i (RS).
Biapertura rigidicaudis of Bohrer et al., 1988: 553 (RS).
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