Unit 8 C: Fluids (Pg. 178 - 257)
Chapter 7: Fluids on the Move (pg. 178 – 205)
Name: __________________________
Date: ___________________
7. 1: Fluids Everywhere (Pg. 180 – 181):
Read Pages 180 – 181. Answer the following questions:
1.
What is a fluid?
A fluid is a material that does not have a fixed shape and can flow.
2.

See PB. Pg. 143; Table 2
3.
Blood is a critical body fluid. What role does blood play in the body? How is it usually cleaned, and how
is it cleaned during dialysis?
Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the body’s cells. It also carries the cells’ wastes away. In a healthy
person, the kidneys filter wastes from the blood; the wastes are eliminated in the urine. In dialysis, the
blood flows through a machine that cleans the blood, and then the blood is returned to the body.
7. 2: Characteristics of Fluids (Pg. 182 – 186):
Read Pages 182 – 186. Answer the following questions:
1.
State two characteristics of all fluids.
a) Fluids flow
b) Fluids take the shape of their containers.
2.
State the Particle Theory.
The particle theory states that all matter is made up of tiny, invisible particles: a) the particles have
spaces between them; b) they are in constant, random motion; c) they attract one another (by the FOA);
d) they move more quickly when the substance is heated;
3.
Use the particle theory to explain why fluids can flow while solids cannot.
The forces of attraction between the particles in a solid are so strong that the particles cannot slide past
one another. They are essentially fixed in place. Because the particles cannot move, the solid cannot flow.
4.
Draw a diagram to … 
See PB pg. 147, Figure 3
5.
a) What is the difference between laminar flow and turbulent flow?
In laminar flow, the particles in a fluid flow in parallel paths. In turbulent flow, the particles move in
more random directions.
b) Give one advantage and one disadvantage each for laminar flow and turbulent flow.
If you are canoeing, laminar flow in the water can be an advantage because the water will move your canoe in a
predictable way. However, laminar flow in the air would be a disadvantage for an airplane trying to slow down, since it
reduces air resistance. Turbulent flow in the water would be a disadvantage when you are canoeing, because it would be
hard to know where your canoe was going to go, and the turbulence might tip the canoe over. However, the resistance
provided by turbulent flow in the air is an advantage when an airplane is trying to slow down.
6.
In yow own words, explain streamlining.
Streamlining is the process of shaping an object so that fluid flow around the object is mostly laminar
instead of turbulent.
7. 3 Flow Rate and Viscosity (Pg. 187 – 189):
Read Pages 187 – 189. Answer the following questions.
1.
a) In your own words, define “flow rate” and “viscosity.”
Flow rate is the amount of fluid moving past a certain point during a certain amount of time.
Viscosity is how easily a fluid flows.
b) Describe the relationship between flow rate and viscosity.
A fluid with a high viscosity will have a slower flow rate than a fluid with a low viscosity, if both fluids are
at the same temperature and pressure and are flowing under the same conditions.
2.
In your own words, define “cohesion” and “surface tension.”
Cohesion is a measure of the strength of attraction between particles of a substance.
Surface tension is the attraction between the particles on the surface of a liquid.
3.
Use the term “viscosity” to explain how wetting agents are used to help fight fires.
Wetting agents reduce the cohesion, and therefore the viscosity, of water, so they make it easier for the
water to be sprayed on fires.
4.
a) How does adhesion affect flow rate?
Adhesion affects flow rate for fluids flowing through tubes or other objects. As adhesion increases, flow
rate decreases.
b) Give an example in real life that shows adhesion at work.
Adhesion is what makes juice and milk stick to the sides of drinking glasses.
5.
Explain why fluids travel faster near centre of pipes and tubes than at the edges.
Near the edges of a pipe or tube, the particles in a fluid can interact with the particles in the pipe or tube.
The adhesive forces between the particles cause the fluid particles to “stick” to the sides of the pipe or
tube. That makes the fluid flow more slowly. In the middle of the pipe or tube, there are no adhesive
forces, so the fluid flows more quickly.
7. 6 Controlling Fluid Flow (Pg. 194 – 196):
Read Pages 194 – 196. Answer the following questions.

Questions # 1, 2, 3: See PB pg. 161 & 162 (Same answers)
4.
Why is it important to control the presence of ethylene gas when ripening fruit?
Ethylene gas is used to ripen fruit in storage. If the flow of gas is not carefully controlled, the fruit may
become rotten instead of ripening.
5.
Describes two aspects of dams that depend on the proper flow of fluids.
The flow of water through a dam determines the amount of electricity the dam can produce. It also determines the
amount of water that flows downstream of the dam, which in turn affects the ecosystems downstream.
6.
How has technology allowed us to control the flow of blood in humans?
Medications and artificial organs allow people to better control the flow of blood through the body.
Chapter 7 - Review (pages 204 - 205)
Name: __________________________

Date: ___________________
What Do You Remember?
1. What are fluids? Give three different examples of fluids. K/U
Fluids are materials that have no fixed shape and are free to flow. Examples include water, air, and blood.
2. Most solids cannot flow. Use the particle theory to explain why solids are not considered to be fluids.
Granulated sugar appears to flow because you can pour it from one container to another. However, each
small crystal of sugar is still solid: it has a definite shape and size. The particles in it are arranged in a
specific, definite orientation and cannot slide past one another. Therefore, these solids are not fluids.
3. List four types of fluids found in the human body and describe one function of each. K/U
Oxygen releases energy from food. Saliva lubricates food for swallowing and begins chemical digestion.
Urine eliminates dissolved wastes from the body. Stomach acids aid in the chemical digestion of food.
5. Define flow rate. What units are used to measure flow rate? K/U
Flow rate is a measure of the volume of fluid that flows past a certain point in a given amount of time.
The units used to describe flow rate are units of volume per unit time, such as L/min or mL/s.
7. List the five main statements of the particle theory.
All matter is made of tiny particles. Particles have empty spaces between them. Particles are moving
randomly all the time. Particles move faster when they are heated. Particles attract one another.
12. Describe one way that streamlining plays a role in your daily activities. K/
My bicycle helmet is smooth and curved. That helps reduce the air drag on me when I ride my bicycle.

What Do You Understand?
15. Does warming a viscous fluid generally increase or decrease its flow rate? Use the particle theory to explain
why this might be so. K/
Warming a viscous fluid generally increases the flow rate because adding thermal energy increases the
energy and motion of the particles. This extra energy allows the particles to overcome some of the
attractive forces between them. The reduced attractive forces allow the fluid to flow more quickly.
17. If the particles of a substance show considerable adhesion as well as cohesion, is this fluid likely to have a
fast or slow flow rate? Justify your answer. K
If the particles of a substance show considerable adhesion and cohesion, the fluid will have a lower flow
rate—the particles will stick to each other and to the walls of the object the fluid is flowing through.

Solve a Problem!
24. Squeezing a mustard container results in 60 mL of mustard coming out in 5 seconds. Calculate the flow rate
of mustard.
Given: volume = 60 mL
time = 5 s
Required: flow rate in mL/s
Flow rate = Volume = 60 mL = 12 mL/s
Time
5s
Statement: The flow rate of the mustard is 12 mL/s.