LINGUISTICS 5300
September 4, 2007
PHONETICS: PART 2

Review from last class; additional notes on consonant articulation
o Airstream mechanisms
o Consonant dimensions of classification (REVIEW)
o Rhotics
o Stridents/sibilants
o Flap/tap/trill
o Aspirated vs. unaspirated; released vs. unreleased

Vowels: what makes them different from consonants?

Dimensions of vowel articulation:
o Height
o Backness
o ATR
o lip rounding

Diphthongs

Regional differences in vowel articulations

Phonation types: review
PHONOLOGY

Distributions: complementary vs. overlapping

Phoneme vs. allophone; contrastive/distinctive vs. predictable

Minimal pairs

Conditioning environments

Underlying vs. surface forms

Writing rules
HW: Odden- p. 61-64, problems 1-8
AIRSTREAM MECHANISMS:
Airstream
Pulmonic
Glottalic
Velaric
INGRESSIVE
No languages use these distinctively
Implosives
Clicks
1. Pulmonic (lung) airstream mechanism
a. Egressive
b. Ingressive
2. Glottalic airstream mechanism
a. Egressive: ejectives
b. Ingressive: implosives
3. Velaric airstream mechanism
a. Egressive
b. Ingressive: clicks
EGRESSIVE
Most speech sounds
ejectives
No languages exploit these
Consonants: DIMENSIONS OF CLASSIFICATION
I. STATE OF GLOTTIS (VOICED VS. VOICELESS)
II. PLACE OF ARTICULATION
a. Labial
i. Bilabial
ii. Labiodentals
iii. Labiovelar
b. Dental
c. Alveolar
d. Palatal
i. Alveopalatal
ii. Palatal
e. Velar
f. Pharyngeal
g. Glottal
III. MANNER OF ARTICULATION
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Stop
Fricative
Affricate
Nasal
Liquid
i. Lateral
ii. Rhotic
f. Glide
Additional: approximants (=glides+liquids); sibilants
Practice:
Give the symbol which matches the following articulatory description and
an example from a word in English or some other language which
contains this sound:
a.
b.
c.
d.
voiceless alveopalatal fricative
(voiced) velar nasal
voiced interdental fricative
(voiced) alveolar lateral liquid
Give the articulatory description for the following symbols:
e.
f.
g.
h.



h
Practice articulatory descriptions for vowels:
1. [u]
2. []
3. [i]
4. []
Give the symbol which matches the following description.
mid central lax unstressed vowel
low front unrounded lax vowel
mid back rounded tense diphthong
PHONATION TYPES:
Phonation involves the vibration of the vocal folds.
Phonation types refers to the ways in which vocal folds can be manipulated
in order to produce speech categories.
1. Voiceless
no vibration
2. Whisper
no vibration
3. Breathy voice
vocal fold vibration
4. Voice
vocal fold vibration
5. Creak
vocal fold vibration