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(2002). Repressive adaptive style in children with chronic illness. Psychosomatic Medicine, 64(1), 34-42. Rabbett, H., Elbadri, A., Thwaites, R., Northover, H., Dady, I., Firth, D., Hillier, V. F., Miller, V., & Thomas, A. G. (1996). Quality of life in children with crohn’s disease. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 23(5), 528-533. Radina, M. E., & Armer, J. M. (2001). Post-breast cancer lymphedema and the family: A qualitative investigation of families coping with chronic illness. Journal of Family Nursing, 7(3), 281-299. Ratcliffe, C. E., Harrigan, R. C., Haley, J., Tse, A., & Olson, T. (2002). Stress in families with medically fragile children. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 25, 167-188. Rice, R. W., Frone, M. R., & McFarlin, D. B. (1992). Work-nonwork conflict and perceived quality of life. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13, 155-168. Silveira, M. J., DiPiero, A., Gerrity, M. S., & Feudtner, C. (2000). Patients’ knowledge of options at the end of life: Ignorance in the face of death. JAMA, 284(19), 2483-2488. Silver, E. J., Bauman, L. J., Coupey, S. M., Doctors, S. R., & Boeck, M. A. (1990). Ego development and chronic illness in adolescents. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(2), 305-310. Steinhauser, K. E., Christakis, N. A., Clipp, E. C., McNeilly, M., McIntyre, L., & Tulsky, J. A. (2000). Factors considered important at the end of life by patients, family, physicians, and other care providers. JAMA, 284(19), 2476-2482. Williams, P. (1997). Siblings and pediatric chronic illness: a review of the literature. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 34(4), 312-323. Williams, P., Lorenzo, F., & Borja, M. (1993). Pediatric chronic illness: Effects on siblings and mothers. Maternal-Child Nursing Journal, 21(4), 111-121. Williamson, G. M., Walters, A. S., & Shaffer, D. R. (2002). Caregiver models of self and others, coping, and depression: Predictors of depression in children with chronic pain. Health Psychology, 21(4), 405-410. Wissow, L. S., Hutton, N., & Kass, N. (2001). Preliminary study of a values-history advance directive interview in a pediatric HIV clinic. Journal of Clinical Ethics, 12,(2), 161-172. Wolfe, J. Klar, N., Grier, H. E., Duncan, J., Salem-Schatz, S., Emanuel, E. J., & Weeks, J. C. (2000). Understanding prognosis among parents of children who died of cancer. Jama, 284(19), 2469-2475. Wolfe, J., Grier, H. E., Klar, N., Levin, S. B., Ellenbogen, J. M., Salemschatz, S., Emanuel, E. J., & Weeks, J. C. (2000). Symptoms and suffering at the end of life in children with cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine, 342(5), 326-333. Yeh, C. (2002). Gender differences of parental distress in children with cancer. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 38(6), 598-606. THEORETICAL LITERATURE: Adams, M. A. (1978). Helping the parents of children with malignancy. The Journal of Pediatrics, 93(5), 734-738. Burke, P., & Elliott, M. (1999). Depression in pediatric chronic illness: A diathesisstress model. Psychosomatics, 40(1), 5-17. Burke, S. O., Kauffman, E., Harrison, M. B., & Wiskin, N. (1999). Assessment of stressors in families with a child who has a chronic condition. American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 24(2), 98-106. Chaffee, S. (2001). Pediatric palliative care. Palliative Care, 28(2), 365-390. Davies, B., Brenner, P., Orloff, S., Sumner, L., & Worden, W. (2002). Addressing spirituality in pediatric hospice and palliative care. Journal of Palliative Care, 18(1), 59-67. Degeneffe, Charles E. (2001). Family caregiving and traumatic brain injury. Health & Social Work, 26(4), 257-268. Enck, R. E. (2001). Pediatric pain control. American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care, 18(6), 365-366. Fielding, D., & Duff, A. (1999). Compliance with treatment protocols: interventions for children with chronic illness. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 80(2), 196-200. Geist, R. A. (1979). Onset of chronic illness in children and adolescents: Psychotherapeutic and consultative intervention. American Orthopsychiatric Association, 49(1), 4-23. Goldman, A. (2001). Importance of palliative care for children is being increasingly recognized. Bmj, 322, 234. Haas, B. K. (1999). Clarification and integration of similar quality of life concepts. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 31(3), 215-220. Ham, C. (1999). Tragic choices in health care: lessons from the Child B case. Bmj, 319, 1258-1261. Heijmans, M. J. W. M. (1998). Coping and adaptive outcome in chronic fatigue syndrome: Importance of illness cognitions. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 45(1), 39-51. Helder, D. I., Kaptein, A. A., Van Kempen, G. M. J., Weinman, J., Van Houwelingen, J. C., & Roos, R. A. C. (2002). Living with Huntington’s Disease: Illness perceptions, coping mechanisms, and spouses’ quality of life. 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