The Canadian Institute in Greece Bulletin de l’Institut canadien en Grèce Spring 2010, No. 25 printemps 2010, nª 25 President’s Message A plain letter arrived from Industry Canada dated February 23, 2010 with four lines of text. The last line read, “The amendments have received Ministerial approval as of May 1, 2010.” With that, many hours of work by the By-laws Committee, including Elaine Godwin, Mark Lawall and Mac Wallace as Chair, came to fruition. Fourteen amendments were approved to make the Institute’s governance more efficient, including the use of email and teleconference communication. This legacy from Prof. Wallace complemented the arrival of a second legacy, the initial distribution of funds from Mac’s estate bequest to the Institute. At a meeting of the Board on March 20, provisions were made to divide this new income three ways. One part will go towards strengthening the capital in the Alföldi-Rosenbaum Fellowship Fund, a second part will strengthen the capital in the Dorothy and Homer Thompson Fellowship Fund, and a third part will increase the Institute’s Operating Endowment Fund. It is hoped now that all three of the Institute’s graduate fellowships can be increased in value by 33%. As of September 2011, there will be 9-month graduate fellowship available at CIG in Athens open to Canadian graduate students, and this will now be offered annually, rather than biennially. The schedule at present calls for the first Franz and Neda Leipen Fellowship to be offered in September 2011, followed the next year by the Elizabeth Rosenbaum Alfoldi Fellowship, then the Leipen again in 2013, followed by the Homer and Dorothy Fellowship in 2014. This will then continue in a four year cycle. It is expected also that these fellowships will rise in value from their current $6,000 stipend plus a room at CIG, to $8,000 stipend plus a room for the 9-month duration of the fellowship. At the same time, a second distribution arrived from the estate of Neda Leipen, and at its March meeting, the Board voted to use this additional money to increase its ownership of the third floor hostel in Athens by 30%, bringing it up to a full 75%. The improved financial situation also allowed the Board to make one other important decision, and that is, to increase the working hours of its Assistant Director, Dr. Jonathan Tomlinson. It is difficult to emphasize enough just how significant these various measures are. Through prudent management of the Institute’s resources and patient establishment of the Institute’s services, more and more Canadians are coming to learn about the Institute’s valuable mission. As a sign of this, close to 125 Canadian undergraduates just finished applying for student membership in CIG as part of 6 university groups traveling around Greece this spring and summer with help from the Institute. Greece will soon open its welcoming arms to all of them. Gerry Schaus 1 The Canadian Institute in Greece L’Institut canadien en Grèce 59 Oueen’s Park Crescent Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C4 CANADA Tel./téléphone (416) 978-8150 Fax / télécopieur (416) 978-7307 E-mail/ poste éléctronique: gschaus@wlu.ca In Athens: L’Institut canadien en Grèce/ The Canadian Institute in Greece Odos Dion. Aiginitou 7 GR - 115 28 Athènes/ Athens GRECE/ GREECE téléphone/ tel. 011-30-210-722-3201 télécopieur/ fax 011-30-210-725-7968 poste électronique/ E-mail: cig-icg@cig-icg.gr Web site: http://www.cig-icg.gr heures d’ouverture: de mardi à vendredi, 9h à 13h opening hours: Monday to Friday, 09:00-13:00 Director of the Institute: Dr. David Rupp Assistant Director: Dr. Jonathan E. Tomlinson The Canadian Institute in Greece is a non-profit, charitable organization incorporated in Canada and dedicated to promoting Greek-related archaeology and scholarly research. It has legal and financial responsibility for the Canadian Institute in Greece, the body, active since 1976, through which the Greek government awards permits to Canadian scholars for field work. CIG maintains premises in Athens that include a research library, meeting rooms and a small hostel. In both Greece and Canada it supports public activities that promote understanding of the history and culture of the Greek peninsula and islands. The Bulletin is published semi-annually by the Canadian Academic Institute in Athens. The editor welcomes articles in English or French on relevant topics of interest and scholarship and on CAIA-related activities. Please send contributions to: e-mail: ibegg@trentu.ca D.J.I. Begg, Editor,39793 Fingal Line, St.Thomas, ON, Canada N5P 3S5 tel. (519) 631-2434; Canadian Publications Mail Product No. 03108171 L Institut canadien en Grèce est un organisme philanthropique à but non-lucratif incorporé au Canada et voué à la promotion de I'archéologie grecque et à la recherche scientifique. L 'organisme assume la responsabilité juridique et financière pour I’Institut canadien d archéologie à Athènes. Depuis 1976 ce dernier sert d'intermédiaire au gouvernement de la Grèce lors de l'octroie de permis de travail à des canadiens pour des fins scientifiques. L'organisme maintient des locaux à Athènes dont une bibliothèque, des salles de réunion et une petite auberge. En Grèce comme au Canada, il subventionne des activités publiques visant à une meilleure appréciation de l’histoire et de la culture de la péninsule et les îles grecques. Le Bulletin est publié deux fois par année. Le rédacteur invite les lecteurs à envoyer des articles en français ou en anglais portant sur des sujets d’intérêt ou les activités de I’Institut. Ces articles devront être envoyés à: poste éléctronique: ibegg@trentu.ca D.J.I. Begg, rédacteur,39793 Fingal Line, St.Thomas, ON, Canada, N5P 3S5 téléphone: (519) 631-2434; Produit de poste-publications canadienne: n˚ 03108171 From the Editor Thanks entirely to the generosity of our members and the dedication of our personnel, the Canadian Institute is thriving, so much so that we are increasing both the hours that our Assistant Director can work on our behalf in Greece as well as the number and value of our student Fellowships. This good fortune clearly contrasts with the economic situation not only in Greece generally but also among some of our foreign school colleagues, who are having to prioritize painful cutbacks in staffing. Further, the Institute is not only publishing its Bulletin electronically but is now on Facebook, where we have attracted more recipient adherents than we have actual formal Members! While thinking of the upcoming generation, your editor could not resist the opportunity of asking one of our Thompson Fellows to contribute an article on the Greek version of vampires. Finally, although we were disappointed to learn of the resignation of our Treaurer Gary Hendin, we thank him for his efforts on behalf of the Institute, and as a result we are advertising again for a volunteer to serve as Treasurer. Ian Begg Editor 2 Assistant Director's Report Since my last report, written in mid November, the Institute has hosted five lectures and the screening of a Canadian movie. Applications were delivered to the Hellenic Ministry of Culture for permission to carry out three fieldwork projects in 2010, and we have hosted two Fellows and an intern. Progress in the Institute's library has been continued, with the purchase of new volumes, and the cataloguing of books and slides. The arrival of a very significant number of books - a gift from Fred Winter and the hosting of the Institute's annual Open Meeting are imminent. On 25 November the second lecture in CIG's 2009-2010 series took place in the Institute's library. Dr Maria Liston of the University of Waterloo gave a fascinating presentation entitled “How Hoplites Died in Battle: Skeletons from the Lion Monument at Chaironeia”. With around sixty people in attendance, this was standing room only, and the Institute's best-attended lecture so far. Jonathan Tomlinson and Maria Liston Our first lecture of 2010 took place on 17 February, when Dr Ann Killebrew of Penn State University spoke on “The Philistines in Context: The Transmission and Appropriation of Aegean-style Culture in the Levant and Southeastern Coastal Anatolia”. David Rupp and Ann Killebrew Our final lecture before the Easter break, on 17 March, was given by one of this year's two Thompson Fellows, Martin Perron, who gave a talk entitled, “Montre-moi ta main et je te dirai d'où tu viens: styles régionaux et circulation des céramiques à bandes en Macédoine au VIe siècle av. J. C.” All lectures were well attended and well received. David Rupp, Martin Perron, Matt Maher A lecture by our other Thompson Fellow, Matthew Maher, was due to follow on 28 April, but unfortunately had to be cancelled at the last minute due to lack of power not only in the Institute's building, but for several city blocks - due to works of some sort in the immediate neighbourhood. The lecture, entitled “Chasing Lesvian Vampires: Modern Greek Folklore and the Archaeological Pursuit of the Vrykolaka” has been rescheduled for 2 June. In the meantime, the Institute's annual Open Meeting will take place on 11 May in the auditorium of the Danish Institute, as usual. Following the Director's report on the Institute's activities over the past year, Dr Gerald Schaus (Wilfrid Laurier University, and President of the Institute's Board of Directors) will give a lecture entitled "Arkadian Aniconic Pillars and Eileithyia at Stymphalos. Our second Thompson Fellow, Martin Perron, has been with us from 1 January 2010, and apart from continuing research towards his doctoral thesis at the Université de Montréal, Histoire économique et artisanale en Macédoine orientale aux VIe et Ve siècles av. J.-C. : Caractérisation et détermination de provenance des céramiques utilitaires de style à bandes mises au jour à Argilos, has been working on the Institute's website, correcting the French pages, updating the content, and carrying out some page reorganization. Also on the Internet, the Institute has recently launched a page on Facebook, which is able to provide rather more immediacy in announcements and feedback. The page has already attracted nearly 400 subscribers, and is thus proving an excellent means of attracting new interest (especially amongst students) in the Institute and its activities. From mid January to mid April we were joined by an intern from the University of Waterloo. Valerie Broadbent is a final year undergraduate in Classical Studies, and her main duty during the threemonth internship was to digitize the Institute's slide collection and cleaning and updating the database The Institute's other Thompson Fellow, Matt Maher, has continued his good work in the library, accessioning and cataloguing the new acquisitions. Apart from the volumes received regularly as gifts or exchange from other institutions, we have continued purchasing volumes in the area of field archaeology theory and practice, and more recently purchased a number of volumes from a sale held by the Athens Archaeological Society. We are also awaiting the imminent arrival of books offered to the Institute's library by long-time supporter and Board member, Fred Winter. I would like to take this opportunity to thank Fred most warmly on behalf of the Institute and its future library users. As usual in late spring-early summer, student groups from various Canadian Universities arrive for tours of Greece's archaeological sites and museums, led by their professors. This year a group from Mount Allison came in February, but groups from Brock, Concordia, Carleton and Winnipeg, Alberta, and Université de Québec à Montréal are exploring Greece's heritage in May. The Institute obtains from the Hellenic Ministry of Culture passes allowing free entry to sites and museums for the students and faculty, as well as permits allowing the students' professors to guide them at sites and museums. It has been interesting to learn this year that the New Acropolis Museum has a quite autonomous status in this regard, such that the passes and permits issued by the Ministry are not valid there. Rather, separate applications must be submitted directly to the Museum itself. 3 Canadian faculty and students are also arriving to take part in CIGsponsored fieldwork, as attention switches from the myriad events of the international archaeological and cultural community in Athens to work in the field. The Institute's projects in Eastern Boeotia and at Kalamianos having now finished, just three applications for fieldwork in 2010 were submitted to the Ministry: for excavation at Argilos (Macedonia) and at Kallithea Kastro (Thessaly), and for field survey at Lefkos (Karpathos). Fieldwork at these locations will be ongoing during June and July. Finally, I have been asked by the editor to provide some thoughts on the current social unrest in Greece and how it may affect Canadian visitors. At the time of writing, the General Strike of 5 May, and the tragic loss of life in an Athens bank, is fresh in our minds. However, as is usual in Athens, any protests, marches, and subsequent violence, are very localised; generally from the Polytechnic, via Omonoia Square up to Syntagma Square and the Greek Parliament. The Canadian Institute is just a fifteen-minute walk from Syntagma, yet one would be blissfully unaware of anything untoward in the city, even at this proximity. So, provided one knows that there will be marches, one can easily avoid potential trouble. Visits by our members are more likely to be disrupted by stoppages in public transport, or strikes by civil servants leading to the closure of archaeological sites and museums on a particular day. A General Strike usually includes the participation of air traffic controllers, meaning no flights in or out of Greek airspace for 24 hours (as was the case on 5 May). So if you hear of a General Strike announced for the date of your arrival in Greece, check your flight status with the airline. Otherwise, local transport stoppages (such as Athens buses, trolley buses, the metro and trams) are more likely to be just for certain hours during the day. Greece's English newspapers, the Athens News (http://www.athensnews.gr/) and (http://www.ekathimerini.com/) for Athens Plus are useful sources for information on Greece in general, and a good way to keep up-to-date with any possible disruptions. The Athens News page on Facebook (http://www.facebook.com/AthensNe ws) is an excellent way to receive breaking news. Jonathan E. Tomlinson Thompson Fellows Reports Matt Maher During my first undergraduate degree at the University of Western Ontario, I participated in several local archaeological projects in London Ontario over the years, and knew almost immediately that it was a discipline I wished to continue in. After completing an Honours in 2002, I decided to take a second Honours BA at UWO in Classical Studies, which I received in the spring of 2005. My decision to focus on Classical Studies and the archaeology of the ancient Mediterranean, however, was largely the result of my participation in the 2001 and 2003 archeological summer seasons at Stymphalos in Arkadia, Greece. In 2005 I returned to Stymphalos to take part in the summer project where I supervised the excavation of the West Wall Artillery Tower. In 2007 I completed my MA in Classical Archaeology at the University of British Columbia (UBC). I have returned to work several times at Stymphalos, as well as at UBC’s other project in Greece, Mytilene on the island of Lesvos. Since 2006 I have been a member of the staff of the Sikyon Survey Project, working both in the field and in the lab, looking at the collected Roman fineware and imported ceramics. Last autumn I completed the prerequisites for entry into full candidacy in the PhD program at UBC (under the supervision of Dr. Hector Williams), and have begun conducting research for my dissertation. These years spent in Greece not only provided invaluable field experience, but facilitated a narrowing of my research interests into a specific theme with specific objectives. Thinking back, I believe ultimately it was the 2005 excavation of the artillery tower at Stymphalos which really gave rise to my interest in Greek military architecture; an interest encouraged by my advisor’s own considerable knowledge and interest in the subject. Furthermore, it was my summers studying at Stymphalos, which also encouraged a growing interest in the poleis, history, and geography of ancient Arkadia itself. But the 2005 Stymphalos season will always remain the most important one for me: not only was I introduced then to a subject of great scholarly interest, but more importantly, I was also introduced to young scholar named Me-Linh Le, who four years later became my wife. Thus, with an interest in both fortifications and in Arkadia, a dissertation topic naturally presented itself: my objective is a comprehensive and detailed study of the historical development of Greek military architecture and defensive planning specifically in Arkadia from the late Classical and Hellenistic periods to the Roman arrival in Greece. Beyond the obvious practical chronological and defensive considerations, I am also interested in fortifications as a reflection of civic autonomy, communal unity, and perhaps even of ethnic identity. A reading of the literature on the subject demonstrates that, although a small handful of sites have received proper scholarly attention, the fact remains that there is much room for an updated regional Arkadian focus concerning fortifications. On a scholarly level, the Homer and Dorothy Thompson Fellowship has provided me with the time and opportunity in Greece to access the important library collections of the CIG and the other foreign schools; to develop a clear methodological outline for my research; and to visit the sites in question and gather information first-hand - a necessity for a topic of this scope. Furthermore, I discovered fascinating subsidiary subjects of interest not directly related to the ancient world or my dissertation work specifically, including travel accounts of early modern Greece and the place of vampires in modern Greek folklore. On a more personal level, my time in Greece afforded by the Fellowship has allowed me to forge relationships with other young scholars in the field, from all over of the world, a relationship which began merely 4 between colleagues and has developed into one between friends. As alluded to above, my time in Greece has been devoted to both using the remarkable collections housed in the different foreign schools and to traveling to the different Arkadian sites to gather information about the fortifications first-hand. I have largely concluded my library work in Athens and have begun the fieldwork component of my research. Currently, I have visited some dozen of these sites, with a couple dozen more to go before leaving Greece and returning to Canada. Next September I will be starting the fourth year of my doctoral program, in which I will begin to write and generally make sense of the data that I have collected. Matthew Maher dirigées sous la supervision des Professeurs Jacques Y. Perreault et Roland Étienne, portent sur l’étude d’un corpus de céramiques utilitaires produites en Macédoine orientale au cours des VIe et Ve s. av. J.-C. et abondamment représentées sur le site d’Argilos2 (fouilles sous la responsabilité de l’Institut canadien). La mission archéologique grécocanadienne est une « synergasia » aux termes de la loi grecque sur la recherche archéologique en Grèce. Elle est sous la direction du Professeur Jacques Y. Perreault (Université de Montréal) et de Zisis Bonias (18e Éphorie des Antiquités Préhistoriques et Classiques de Kavala). Connus sous le nom de « céramiques à bandes », ces récipients apparaissent subitement vers le troisième quart du VIe siècle et affichent des formes et des décors fortement inspirés du répertoire gréco-oriental. Leur production marque une rupture flagrante avec les céramiques thraces et d’influence cycladique jusqu’alors fabriquées sur le territoire. Matt Maher at Stymphalos Martin Perron Parcours académique Passionné de la Grèce antique depuis le collège, j’ai effectué mon Baccalauréat (2001) et ma Maîtrise (2006) en histoire, en anthropologie et en études classiques à l’Université de Montréal. Depuis l’automne 2006, je m’affaire à la rédaction d’une thèse en archéologie du monde grec menée conjointement à l’Université de Montréal et à l’École doctorale d’archéologie de l’Université de Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne. L’intitulé exact de ma thèse est Histoire économique et artisanale en Macédoine orientale aux VIe et Ve siècles av. J.-C. : Caractérisation et détermination de provenance des céramiques utilitaires de style à bandes mises au jour à Argilos Mes recherches, Martin Perron at Greek-Canadian excavations at Argilos 2006 Study Season Mes recherches visent à documenter l'artisanat et les réseaux d’échanges existant en Macédoine durant la période archaïque en identifiant les centres de production et les lieux de consommation de ces céramiques. Il cherche en outre à saisir la structure et le fonctionnement des ateliers et les habitudes de consommation de cités grecques à l’endroit de ces productions. Pour y arriver, 350 échantillons de céramiques provenant d’Argilos et de cinq sites régionaux ont fait l’objet d’une caractérisation par spectrométrie de fluorescence par rayons X3, une méthode d’analyse permettant de déterminer leur composition chimique. Les analyses ont été réalisées au laboratoire du Cultural and Educational Technology Institute de Xanthi (Grèce). Des échantillons d’argiles locales, provenant de chaque site étudié, ont ensuite été comparés aux résultats d’analyses afin d’en connaître le coefficient de correspondance. Les résultats sont très intéressants et pointent en direction de l’existence d’un atelier de production dans le voisinage immédiat de la cité d’Argilos. Par le biais de l’étude des sources archéologiques et littéraires disponibles pour la Macédoine et l’Asie Mineure au VIe siècle av. J.C., mes recherches se proposent également d’examiner le rôle du commerce et des mouvements migratoires comme principaux vecteurs du transfert de la culture micrasiatique vers le nord de l’Égée durant la seconde moitié de ce siècle. Elles visent en outre l’identification des transformations sociales et artisanales ayant pu favoriser l’emprunt culturel et la mise en place d’une koinè ionisante en Macédoine. La conquête de l’Asie Mineure par les Perses en 546-545 av. J.-C. pourrait avoir provoqué le déplacement, forcé ou volontaire, de plusieurs artisans, commerçants et familles ayant généré la diffusion, l’introduction et le maintien des influences gréco-orientales sur le territoire. Or, en raison de la vaste distribution et de la grande quantité des objets d’inspiration mis au jour en Macédoine, il est légitime de croire que les artisans locaux ont aussi participé à la production de ces biens. La réceptivité de la culture gréco-orientale dans l’artisanat de Macédoine et l’abandon des traditions ancestrales du haut archaïsme semblent s’expliquer par le désir de combler un besoin fonctionnel engendré par une combinaison de facteurs économiques, démographiques et sociaux ayant soudainement généré de nouvelles habitudes de consommation dans la région. En somme, ce projet vise à peaufiner l'histoire économique, artisanale, politique et sociale des cités grecques de la Macédoine archaïque par l’étude d’une catégorie de matériel encore inédite : les céramiques de 5 style à bandes. En parallèle à mes recherches, je m’intéresse à l’histoire de la Thrace et de la Macédoine aux périodes archaïque et classique; aux entreprises de colonisation grecques en Méditerranée; à l’artisanat et au commerce des céramiques archaïques; aux guerres médiques; et aux phénomènes de transferts culturels et d’imitations. En tant qu’archéologue de terrain, je porte aussi un vif intérêt aux méthodes et aux techniques de fouilles ainsi qu’aux diverses stratégies utilisées en prospection. Expérience sur le terrain Mon premier séjour en Grèce remonte à 1999. Je participais alors à mon tout premier stage de fouilles à Argilos en Macédoine. J’ai eu le plaisir de participer à huit saisons sur le terrain (comme étudiant, superviseur de tranchée, responsable de secteur) en plus d’agir en tant qu’assistant au cours de quelques campagnes d’étude au musée d’Amphipolis. J’ai également pris part à d’autres missions en Grèce notamment à Halai avec l’Université Cornell (2000, 2001) et à Thasos (2008-2009) avec l’École française d’Athènes (EfA). Mon expérience et ma curiosité m’ont également amené à travailler en Syrie (sur le site de Ras-el-Bassit, Université de Montréal (2000-2002)), en Tunisie (sur le site de Carthage, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (2001)), et en Italie (Sur les sites de Monte Polizzo, Université Stanford (2004-2008) et de Poggio Colla, Southern Methodist University of Dallas (2007)). Entre 2002 et 2007, j’ai également participé à une douzaine de fouilles programmées et d’urgence sur divers chantiers préhistoriques et historiques du Québec pour le compte de firmes privées (Archéotec inc. Ethnoscop inc., Archéo-08) sous-traitantes pour le ministère de la Culture et des Communications du Québec. Cet été, je fouillerai à Thasos et à Délos sous la direction d’équipes affiliées à l’EfA. Martin Perron extracting Early Roman funerary bas-relief stele at French excavations on Thasos 2008 La vie en Grèce Depuis l’automne 2007, je vis et poursuis mes études à temps plein en Grèce. J’ai eu la chance d’obtenir successivement un soutien financier de la Fondation A. S. Onassis et du Fond à la recherche du gouvernement de la République hellénique (IKY). Je parle, écris et lis couramment le grec moderne et m’intéresse à plusieurs aspects de la vie culturelle comme la musique, le théâtre et l’histoire contemporaine. Ma conjointe et moi aimons d’ailleurs tellement la Grèce que nous avons décidé de nous y marier en novembre 2009! Au cours de mon séjour, j’ai eu le plaisir de partager l’avancement de mes travaux par le biais de quelques conférences présentées à l’Université d’Athènes (2009), au musée archéologique de Thessalonique (2009) et bien évidemment à l’Institut canadien en Grèce (2008, 2010). Mes travaux ont en outre fait l’objet d’une publication7 qui paraîtra sous peu au mois de juin 2010: Koinè ionisante et/ou mobilité artisanale? Regard sur les influences de la Grèce orientale en Macédoine aux VIe et Ve siècles av. J.-C. », in P. Rouillard (dir.), Portraits de migrants, portraits de colons II. Actes du 6e colloque International de la Maison RenéGinouvès, Nanterre, 10-13 juin 2009, Colloques de la MAE 6, Paris, De Boccard, p. 13-50. Martin Perron and Frédérique Laurier at Delphi, 2008 L’Institut canadien en Grèce Mon travail en tant que Fellow à l’ICG consiste essentiellement à effectuer la mise à jour du site Internet de l’Institut (plus particulièrement de sa version française). En plus de l’information de base concernant les activités et les projets de l’Institut, de nouvelles pages concernant la vie, le travail et les voyages en Grèce ont été ajoutées afin de faciliter les recherches et l’acquisition des connaissances de nos membres sur ces thématiques. J’apporte aussi un soutien logistique à la direction pour tout ce qui a trait à la planification et à l’organisation des événements mensuels de l’Institut. Remerciements Je tiens à remercier chaleureusement le comité de direction et en particulier son Président, Monsieur Gérald P. Schaus, pour avoir rendu ce séjour possible. Je tiens aussi à remercier Messieurs Jonathan Tomlinson et David Rupp pour leur compagnie et leurs judicieux conseils. Ce séjour m’aura permis d’accéder à la bibliothèque de l’Institut et à celles des autres grandes écoles d’archéologie à Athènes en plus d’avoir accès de façon continue au matériel de plusieurs sites thracomacédoniens nécessaire à mes travaux. Ces quelques mois supplémentaires en Grèce m’auront aussi permis de cristalliser davantage les efforts que je déploie depuis 1999 pour tisser des liens étroits avec les milieux académiques grec, français et britannique. Cette troisième année complète en Grèce a donc été une expérience très réussie et enrichissante. Martin Perron 6 Individual Research Permits The Canadian Institute in Greece has been a crucial aspect of my research from my arrival in Crete in 1993. It provided support for the fieldwork of the Sphakia Survey Project and thereafter access to the pottery for study. This research established a very congenial working relationship between the west Cretan Ephoreia (KE’) and the Institute, both in its earlier incarnation as CAIA and now as CIG. It offers opportunities not only for scholars working on largescale projects like surveys and excavations, but also to obtain permits for smaller teams working on one- to two-year projects, thus enabling small-scale research programs to come to fruition and forwarding research that is not necessarily tied to larger projects. Jane Francis at Aptera My research focuses on the archaeology of Greek and Roman Crete, and in particular the manner in which the ancient landscape was exploited. As a member of the Sphakia Survey Project (directed by Lucia Nixon and Jennifer Moody), under a CAIA permit, I studied the Greek and Roman pottery and learned macroscopic fabric analysis from Jennifer Moody, which formed the basis for much of my later research. This process allows clays exhibiting the same make-up and/or manufacturing techniques to be grouped together and assessed for a potentially common source. I have applied this technique to pottery from other projects on Crete: the Skoteino Cave excavations (directed by Loeta Tyree, British School at Athens permit, funded by INSTAP) and the Moni Odiyitria Survey (directed by Keith Branigan and Antonis Vasilakis, British School at Athens permit). A new project was initiated with a separate CIG permit in 2008, directed by J. Francis and J. Moody, with the participation of Eleni Nodarou of the INSTAP Center in east Crete. This research was made possible by the work of the Sphakia Survey under a CIG permit in the 1980s and 1990s, and funded in part by Concordia University. We tested 100 Greek and Roman sherds from Sphakia (finewares and amphoras) with macroscopic and then petrographic analysis in order to identify groups of related fabrics and also to separate imitations, both Cretan and imported, from authentic ceramic products. It is hoped that these results will help to characterize, in particular, Cretan Classical and Hellenistic black-glazed ceramics, about which little is known. The imitations of Roman red glazed wares can be tied to recent research on these wares occurring elsewhere in the Mediterranean, to determine the source not only of Sphakia’s authentic red wares but also their imitations or products of secondary manufacturing centers. Another project focuses on the fabrics of Roman Cretan amphoras, which have been studied only for their shapes; this project too was undertaken in 2009 with a CIG permit and is directed by myself, with the participation of J. Moody and G. Harrison. Many of these vessels have been found at kiln sites with wasters and other pottery. Knowledge of their fabrics can help to define the products of a specific workshop and pinpoint more precisely the origins of a Cretan amphora found outside the island. In 2009, amphoras from Nopighia-Drapanias and Palaiochora were examined; the 2010 season will investigate vessels from a kiln site in Chania, with the assistance of two students from Concordia University. Cretan Amphora Amphora Fabric The importance of macroscopic fabric analysis is now well known, and I have received invitations to analyze ceramics from several Greek Ministry of Culture excavations. In 2009, I and my team (Jennifer Moody, George Harrison) analyzed pottery from several areas of the Roman city of Aptera, at the invitation of Vanna Niniou-Kindeli, KE’ Ephoreia, Chania). This research enabled us to establish local fabrics and identify several changes in clay choices and manufacturing sites from the early Iron Age through the Roman era. I am also part of a new project based on the Greek excavations at the ancient harbour site of Phalasarna, in west Crete. Excavations at the site, from the mid-1980s (directed by Elpida Hadjidakis), have revealed much of the architecture associated with the harbour, but the pottery and 7 other remains have not been properly studied. Study of these ceramics is part of the Phalasarna Local Economy Project (J. Francis, J. Moody, E. Hadjidaki, A. Sarpaki, O. Rackham), which reconstructs the subsistence and domestic life of this legendary port. The 2010 season will entail ongoing ceramic analysis and database entry, but also a search for local clay sources that might have been exploited in antiquity, as well as analyses of charcoal, botanical material, and faunal remains, if possible. of the belief in vampires. This was essentially the stimulus behind my interest in the Greek vampire which ultimately encouraged me to delve deeper into the subject. Jane Francis Chasing Lesvian Vampires: Modern Greek Folklore and the Archaeological Pursuit of the Vrykolaka. Vampires and modern Greek folklore, although fascinating subjects, are not actually my primary areas of study. In fact, they could hardly be further removed from my dissertation research on military architecture in Arkadia. Although there were many disparate factors involved, how I got interested in such a subject is straight forward enough. I guess it began in 2005, when I picked up John Tomkinson’s Haunted Greece in a tourist shop in the Plaka in Athens. This book is a collection of folktales and recorded testimonies concerning Greek exotika; that is, the various shades or non-human beings believed to haunt the landscape of Greece (e.g., vampires). These tales of exotika combined an existing interest in folklore and ethnography (encouraged by my Anthropology degree) and my love of all things Greek. It was not until I began working at Mytilene in the summer of 2007 that I discovered Hector and Caroline Williams (UBC) had actually excavated a suspected vampire grave some twenty years earlier in a nineteenth century Moslem cemetery. The middle-aged man was found nailed to his coffin with iron spikes driven into his neck, groin, and ankles. The folktales I had read became for me a reality: here was archaeological proof of the existence Mytilene vrykolaka (courtesy of Hector Williams) Having never done any primary archaeological work on vampire burials, my work was confined to the library. I was immediately surprised to find a considerable amount of literature on the subject, both scholarly and popular. Perhaps unsatisfactorily, the literature can be broadly grouped into works concerning modern European folklore (from which snippets pertaining to vampirism in Greece can be mined) and those dealing with the science underlying such beliefs (including the handful of archaeologically attested examples). Of the former, especially noteworthy are accounts by early travelers, ethnographers, and historians; while the latter range from excavation reports to concise bioarchaeological studies aimed at examining the scientific or ‘rational’ factors which contributed to the formation of the belief in vampires. A folkloric analysis of the Greek vampire (vrykolaka), supported by the antiquity of the phenomenon and the abundance of literary and ethnographic evidence, clearly indicates a pervasive, and very real fear of the vrykolaka in Eastern Europe. In Greece, the traditional belief in the vrykolaka is longstanding, considerably widespread, and is well-attested at least until the end of the 20th century. Furthermore, although the causes and behaviour of the vrykolaka can vary greatly across Greece, every recorded case of vampirism has at its roots, the belief that the dead body has been withheld from the normal process of decomposition. Orthodox burial custom has certainly played a key role in propagating this belief; specifically, the practice that entails exhuming the deceased three years after death, and the idea that it is possible to determine the fate of the deceased by the condition of the remains. From a purely bioarchaeological approach, there are a number of more ‘rational’ and scientific reasons why, upon exhumation, a corpse may remain uncorrupted, and consequently identified as a vrykolaka. In fact, Anastasia Tsaliki, an expert in unusual burials, proposes that most, if not all, of the beliefs surrounding the vampire can be explained in terms of the misunderstanding of what happens to a corpse after death. On the other hand, as a purely social mechanism, the believed causes of vampirism are directly related to ensuring the one does not violate societal norms. For example, in some parts of Greece, it was believed that those who had committed great crimes, were sinners, drunkards, thieves, or those who died under a ban of excommunication would rise again as vrykolakas. Ultimately, the vrykolaka appears to have stood as a scapegoat for the many things that people have feared or misunderstood. Thus, vampires were held responsible for a wide-range of unfortunate occurrences: from disease to mischievous domestic pollution, and from a gradual decline in health and vitality to a sudden death. During his travels in northern Greece nearly 200 years ago, Martin William Leake predicted that, “As education extends…this absurd custom, which is already ridiculous among the higher class will gradually 8 cease…” (Leake, Northern Greece, Vol. 4, 1835:216). Perhaps. Leake was certainly right to some extent, as most testimonies suggest a vanishing belief in the Greek vampire. More accurately, it is not that vrykolakas do not exist, it is believed that they no longer exist, having disappeared with the increase in urbanism in the later 20th century; that is, they, along with the other exotika, have disappeared from Greece. If all the vampires have left Greece, in other parts of Europe they are still an all too tangible and terrifying reality. As recently as 2004, newspapers across Romania reported the desecration of the corpse of Petre Toma, by six members of his family. Claiming that Toma had “transformed himself into vampire” and “sucked blood from them during the night,” his relatives exhumed the corpse, tore out his heart, burned it, and mixed the ashes with water in order to drink it. Further Reading Suggestions: Barber, P. 1990. Vampires, Burial, and Death Blum, R. and Blum, E. 1970. The Dangerous Hour. The Lore of Crisis and Mystery in Rural Greece. Hartnup, K. 2004. On the Beliefs of the Greeks: Leo Allatios and Popular Orthodoxy. Stewart, C. 1991. Demons and the Devil. Moral imagination in Modern Greek Culture. Tsaliki, A. 2001. “Vampires Beyond Legend: a Bioarchaeological Approach,” in Proceedings of the XIII European Meeting of the Paleopathology Association, Chieti, Italy, 18-23 Sept. 2000. M. La Verghetta and L. Capasso. Teramo (eds), 295-300. Matt Mahet Newest CIG Board Member Dr. Spencer Pope is a classical archaeologist specializing in the ancient Greek world and is presently assistant professor (from 2006) in the department of Classics at McMaster University. His research interests include Greek colonization and the interactions between Greeks and other populations of the Mediterranean. Dr. Pope has excavated at numerous sites in Sicily and is presently examining patterns of urban planning on the island in the archaic and classical periods. Spencer Pope on site Dr. Pope’s interest in Sicily began when he was an undergraduate at Middlebury College (Middlebury, Vermont) and spent two summers excavating on the island. A Classical Studies major who studied Latin and Ancient Greek, he became fascinated with archaeology as another means to come to understand the ancient world. With this preparation, he undertook a Ph. D. at the Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World at Brown University (Providence, Rhode Island), during which time he continued excavations on the island at both prehistoric and classical period sites. Working in this area, his research interests were shaped by the particular questions presented in the Western Mediterranean, namely how the Greek world expanded through colonization and how the Greeks interacted with indigenous populations on both a political and cultural level. From 2000 to 2005, Dr. Pope led excavations at the settlement area at Palike, an indigenous site in eastern Sicily. This site, which originally developed as a chthonic sanctuary (a sanctuary devoted to the Greek underworld), occupies a strategic position on the margin of Greek territory. Despite its associations with native gods, both the settlement and the sanctuary adopted aspects of Greek architecture and urban planning. The settlement was arranged on a grid pattern with side streets (stenopoi) intersecting a principal street (plateia) at right angles, an arrangement that was typical for Greek colonies, but less common for native towns. Noting this unusual configuration, Dr. Pope conducted a survey of the urban grid in Sicily to determine the frequency with which it was employed in nonGreek sites, with the intent of pinpointing both its diachronic and geographic distribution. The rigid, regular, urban grid uncovered at Palike is among only a few examples at inland sites and is so uncharacteristic of native settlements that its presence is now attributed to a greater Greek influence than previously considered. Following his work at Palike, which formed the basis of his dissertation completed in May 2006, Dr. Pope undertook excavations at Sicilian Naxos, a Greek city located on the eastern coast of the island. Naxos was the first Greek colony of Sicily (founded in 734 BC) and remained an important city until its destruction in 403 BC. Excavations again focused on the urban arrangement, and here revealed a precocious development of the planned city. It appears that one of the primary concerns of the colonists was to divide the area of the new city into equal size lots, which eventually would develop into city blocks. The earlier date provided by the pottery that was discovered in the excavations reinforces the hypothesis that the division of space and nascent trends in Greek urbanism were guided by principles of egalitarianism and that political arrangements providing broad-based enfranchisement were already in place by the end of the 8th c. BC. Dr. Pope is presently conducting research for a comprehensive evaluation of urban planning in Western Greece that presents the urban grid as a phenomenon of the colonial experience, one that is born with the “clean slate” of a new foundation. From its colonial origins, 9 the rigid, regular, urban grid is slow to spread to non-Greek populations and therefore may be seen among the strongest indicators of acculturation. While many indigenous populations that came into contact with the Greeks readily adopted Greek pottery and other Greek goods, it appears that large-scale urban planning – as developed in the western Greek world -- was employed in the context of close political alignment rather than through cultural interaction alone. Spencer Pope and students at Agrigento Before arriving at McMaster, Dr. Pope spent time in Greece as a member of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. While there he participated in excavations at Corinth of a late Roman villa in the area known as Panagia Field. Also while in Greece, he undertook an epigraphic study of the building accounts of the Periklean Acropolis based on inscriptions housed in the National Epigraphical Museum and in the Acropolis Museum. As a numismatist interested in the study of trade, value and exchange across the Greek world, he examined the relationship between financing and design in the Parthenon on the Athenian Acropolis, and concluded that the funding of the Parthenon had a greater, and less controversial, role in the adornment of the building than had previously been considered. Following this work, he is presently proposing that the doors to the inner building of the Parthenon were adorned with ivory as well as gold, a conclusion deduced from a close reading of extant accounts. Along the way he worked with student groups from Davidson College, The University of Texas at Austin and the University of California at Davis traveling in Greece and Italy. Closer to home, Dr. Pope enjoys teaching classical archaeology for the same reasons that he was originally drawn to the field. Drawing upon literary, art historical, and anthropological resources, the archaeologist has vast and disparate categories of evidence to consider, and must objectively evaluate all of them in order to arrive at a valid conclusion. He appreciates being able to bring these elements together into one lesson, and then challenge the students to carefully evaluate the evidence in order to draw out a wellsupported argument. In the classroom, determining, for example, why a piece of pottery is dated to 480 BC is just as important as knowing the date itself. Enabling students with the diagnostic tools to critically analyze ancient art creates a skill set that can be applied outside of the classroom and to other sectors of the academic and professional lives. This, in turn, imbues a greater value on the subject matter and the class, and places it squarely within the tradition of the Liberal Arts. Dr. Pope is pleased to join the Board of the Canadian Institute in Greece and looks forward to working more closely with the Institute and other members of the CIG community. Spencer Pope Athens Association of Friends On 9 December we were treated to an evening of rebetica with Dr Martti Leiwo, Director of the Finnish Institute in Athens. Martti delivered a lecture entitled “Rebetica - songs from the city”, and then, with the aid of some mulled wine and seasonal fare, Martti (on bouzouki, accompanied by Antti Kaski on guitar) entertained us with a live performance. Martti Leiwo and Antti Kaski (both Finnish Institute) On 3 March former Institute intern Laura Surtees, now a PhD candidate at Bryn Mawr College, presented a lecture entitled, “Life in a Hellenistic Thessalian City: Urban Organization at Kastro Kallithea”. Bronwen Wickkiser (Vanderbilt), Laura Surtees (Bryn Mawr) and Stefanie Kennell After the Easter break, our first event was the screening on 14 April of “Continental, un film sans fusil”, a bittersweet black comedy by debut director Stephane Lafleur about four characters battling alienation in a Montreal suburb. Ottawa Friends A lecture entitled “The Archaeology of Food in Crete during the Roman Period” was presented by Jane E. Francis, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, on November 9 2009, at the Auditorium, Library and Archives Canada. The lecture was organized by the CIG in Ottawa and was co-sponsored by the Canadian Institute for Mediterranean Studies and the Parnassos Hellenic Cultural Society. The island of Crete is known from ancient literary documents as a source of exceptional food and drink. The island produced and exported sweet wine, its honey was deemed superior, and it contained numerous herbs, many of which were noted for their medicinal properties. On Crete itself, fish formed a major part of the diet, and fruit like quince was also well known. The lecture by the charismatic Prof. Francis, examined the archaeological evidence for the diet and production/consumption of food on the island of Crete in the Roman period. The economic advances of surplus production and the export of Cretan commodities around the Mediterranean was also presented and discussed at length. A second lecture entitled “Lost Wonders: Pheidias’ Zeus Olympios and Athena Parthenos” was presented by Ken Lapatin, Associate Curator, 10 Getty Museum, Los Angeles, on March 16, 2010, at the Auditorium, Library and Archives Canada. This lecture was sponsored by the Archaeological Institute of America Ottawa Society, in collaboration with the Canadian Institute in Greece Ottawa Chapter, the Canadian Institute for Mediterranean Studies, and the Parnassos Hellenic Cultural Society. According to documented evidence the Athenian sculptor Pheidias was the most celebrated artist of classical antiquity. Greek and Latin authors praised his work, in particular his monumental gold and ivory statues of Zeus at Olympia and Athena in the Parthenon on the Akropolis. During his informative lecture Prof. Lapatin presented some of the evidence for the reconstruction of these lost masterpieces and discussed the revolutionary techniques of their production, as well as their widespread religious, political, and artistic impact, both in antiquity and afterwards. significantly to the shaping and reshaping of the structural and cultural phases of ancient Kourion. The Bronze Age era received special attention. Helen Tryphonas, Ph.D., President, Ottawa Friends of CIG CIG Board Member Maria Papaioannou wins AIA award Stuart Swiny at Ottawa Hassan Eltaher, Helen Tryphonas, Stuart Swiny, Andreas Vikis, Elias Psarras, Yannos Roussos, Margaret Zafiriou and Bill Zafiriou Helen Tryphonas, Wnndy Wynn-Jones, Ken Lapatin, Heather Loube, Andreas Vikis A third lecture entitled “Ancient Kourion” was presented by Stuart Swiny, Director, Institute of Cypriot Studies, Department of Anthropology, New York State University, Albany, New York, on May 2, 2010, at the Hellenic Community Auditorium. The lecture was organized by the Parnassos Hellenic Cultural Society of Ottawa and the Canadian Institute in Greece Ottawa Chapter. Prof. Swiny’s amply informative presentation guided the audience through the remarkable events that shaped one of the most impressive ancient cites in Cyprus, that of the kingdom of Kourion and the surrounding sites. A series of long and uninterrupted sequence of human occupations including the Argiles, Mycenaeans, Romans and others, followed by a series of distractive earthquakes have contributed Don Wiles, Professor Emeritus, Carleton University, scheduled for October 19, 2010, 7:30 p.m., Library and Archives Canada, and “The Humble Dead: Mortuary Ritual in the Mycenaean Hinterland” by Angus K. Smith, Brock University, scheduled for November 16, 2010, 7:30 p.m., Library and Archives Canada. Ottawa Friends at Stuart Swiny’s lecture May 2, 2010 All three lectures were an overwhelming success! Our sincere thanks to the members and friends of the CIG whose presence at the lectures and continuous support contributed greatly to the success of these events, to the Embassy of Greece and the Embassy of Cyprus for financing the receptions that followed each lecture, and to the Library and Archives Canada and the Hellenic Community of Ottawa for making their respective auditoriums available to us free of charge. Please note that two additional lectures are already planned for fall 2010. These are: “Radiochemical Dating Methods in Archaeology – The Shroud of Turin and More” by The recipient of the 2010 AIA Publication Preparation Grant is Maria Papaioannou, Associate Professor in the Department of Classics and Ancient History at the University of New Brunswick. Papioannou will study the architectural remains and small finds of a Roman peristyle house from ancient Abdera, excavated over 50 years ago by the Greek archaeologist Demetrios Lazaridis but never published. The $5,000 grant will be used to examine field notes and film archives of the 1950-52 and -54 excavations, to travel to Abdera to correct plans, and to communicate with local and foreign archaeologists regarding chronology and identification of objects. This project, “A Roman Peristyle House at Abdera,” will address the ongoing concerns and problems associated with unpublished excavations and will contribute to our knowledge of housing and town planning during the Roman period at Abdera and Greece in general. The results of this research project will be included in her upcoming publications The Domestic Architectural Remains of Roman Abdera and Housing and Households of Roman Greece. A final manuscript is expected by the beginning of 2012. 11 Donors to CIG Spring 2010 Lifetime Benefactors Ian Begg, Jane Bracken, Sheila Campbell, John and Ellen Desmarais, John Foreman, Hubert Giroux, John Humphrey, Gerald and Pamela Schaus, Michael and Mary Walbank, Frederick and Joan Winter Benefactors David W. Rupp Patrons Argos Carpets Ltd., Robert and Helen Buck, Margaret Curry, Elaine Godwin, High Mason, Hans VanderLeest, Zographia Welch Fellows George and Janet Allan, Beryl Anderson, Elaine Cawadias, James Doherty, George L. Evans, Russell Farris, Roderick J.O. Millar, John Tamm, Robert Weir, Ismene Wood, Mark and Alexis Young Sustaining Members Ed and Jocelyn Badovinac, W.Thomas Delworth, Susan Downie, Craig Hardiman, Leonidas E. Hill, Harriet and Andrew Lyons, Maria Papaioannou, Glenna Roberts, Stymphorien Van de Maele Institutional Members Category A Brock University, Classical Association of Canada, Embassy of Canada in Greece, University of Alberta, University of British Columbia, University of Manitoba, University of New Brunswick, University of Ottawa, University of Toronto, University of Victoria, University of Waterloo, Wilfrid Laurier University Category B Langara College, McGill University, University of Calgary Category C McMaster University, Trent University Treasurer Position The Institute is inviting applications for the position of volunteer Treasurer. This is a volunteer position, requiring an average of 2 to 5 hours per week, experience in accounting/record keeping using Excel or Quick Books, regular timely correspondence with members, familiarity with charitable organizations and the Canada Revenue Agency, budget building, investment management, and a willingness to work with a Board of Directors and Executive. The Canadian Institute is an important liaison between Canadian scholars/students and Greek cultural institutions, providing resources and facilities in Greece to promote Canadian research and education in Hellenic history, archaeology and philology. THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE IN GREECE/L’INSTITUT CANADIEN EN GRÈCE Application / Renewal / Donation Form Formule D’adhésion / Renouvellement / Don Membership donation categories/Catégories de don: Senior/Ainé(e) ($20) Student/Étudiant(e) ($20) Regular/Régulier(ière) ($30) Sustaining/Soutenant/ ($60) Fellow/Associé(e) ($100) Patron ($500) Benefactor/Bienfaiteur/Bienfaitrice ($1,000) I would also like to donate to:/Je voudrais faire aussi un don de: Rosenbaum-Alfoldi Fund Desmarais-Foreman Library Fund ; Homer and Dorothy Thompson Fund ; Endowment Fund ; Building Fund ; AMOUNT/SOMME $ Name/Nom Address/Adresse City/Ville Postal Code/Code Postal Telephone/Téléphone ( New/Nouvelle ) Renewal/Renouvellement Email/Courriel Date , 200 Please make cheque payable to The Canadian Institute in Greece Rendez s.v.p. le chèque fait au nom de l’Institut canadien en Grèce. Mail to/Envoyez à: Treasurer, CIG/Trésorier, ICG 445 Lakeshore Road SARNIA ON N7V 2S4 Canada A charitable institution under paragraph 149.1 (1) of the Income Tax Act. Une institution de charité d’après le paragraphe 149.1 (1) de la Loi sur l’Im 4394 RR0001 12