Exam 2-review sheet
Psych 401
Material covered in lectures, the textbook, and the movie seen in class will be on the exam. The exam
questions will be biased toward material discussed in class.
Ch-5 Structuralism
Titchner
- How different than Wundt
- Proper subject matter for Psych?
- Goal of Psychology
- Methods
- Stimulus Error and “point of view”
- Smallest unit of consciousness
- His general approach in terms of how to study consciousness
o Characteristics of mental elements
- Criticisms of structuralism (see text)
- Contributions of structuralism (see text and lecture)
Ch-6 Functionalism: Antecedent influences
- Zeitgeist
- Darwin’s influence on Psychology
- Francis Galton
o Mental inheritance
o Statistics
o Mental tests (assumptions and methods)
o Association of ideas
o Imagery
o Influence on psych and the next generation of psychologists
- Animal Psych and the development of functionalism
o Romannes
 Introspection by analogy
 Flaws of his work
o Morgan
 Introspection by analogy
 Morgan’s Cannon; Law of parsimony
Ch-7 Functionalism: Development and Founding
- Spencer
o Social Darwinism
 Why popular
 Impact
- William James
o Know why he is such an important figure to psychology, and still is today (lecture/text)
o Principles of Psychology- why was this book so popular?
 How did James’ view consciousness?
 How did his book address or define the following:
 Stream of consciousness
 Argument against Titchener’s method to understand consciousness
 Concept of the soul
 Mind as a problem solver
 Mind as adaptive
 Idea of self
 Controlled (attention) vs. automatic processing (habit)
 Ideas of introspection and observation of behavior
 Method William James used
 Pragmatism
 Theory of emotion
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Role of Woman in terms of major contributions to functionalism
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Founding of Functionalism
o Chicago school
o Know how each changed and shaped functional psych
o Dewey
 Reflex arc
 Other Contributions
o Angell
 Definition of Functionalism; what study and methods used to study.
 Other themes of functional psychology
 How he helped make Functionalism a formal school of psychology
o Carr
 How did his ideas change functionalism
 Contributions
o Contributions and Criticisms of Functionalism (see notes and text)
Ch –8: Applied Psychology
- Why was there a movement toward a practical (applied) psychology
- Zeitgeist (especially that associated with Economics)
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G. Stanley Hall (textbook)
o What general impact did he have
James Catell
o Use of statistics
o Mental testing (how measured); did statistics confirm his original assumptions about intelligence?
o His contributions and his failure
Testing movement
o Alfred Binet
 Contributions
 Assumptions about intelligence and how differed from Cattell’s assumptions
 Concept of mental age—what is mental age?
 Impact of his mental test today
o Terman
o IQ testing
o World War I
 Mental testing
 Alpha and beta tests
 How affected applied psychology
o Flaws in some of the mental tests created (e.g., Thomas Edison’s)
 Assumption of knowledge inherited vs. learned
 Cultural bias
 Racial bias
Clinical movement
o Lightner Whitmer
 Clinical—school psychologist
 Contributions to psychology
o Impact of WWII and the clinical movement
Industrial-Organizational Psychology movement
o Walter Dill Scott
 Advertising
 Employee selection
 Contributions and impact
o Hawthorne Effect
o Hugo Munsterberg
 Forensic psych
 Findings and contributions
USA vs. other countries psych; why functionalism & applied psychology successful in USA
Ch-9: Behaviorism: Antecedent influences
- Animal psych and Behaviorism
- E.L. Thorndike
o Connectionism (S-R psychology)
o Views on studying mental processing and the use of introspection
o Why considered the bridge between functionalism and behaviorism
o Puzzle box
o Law of effect
o Contributions to psychology
- Ivan Pavlov
o Conditioned reflexes
o “Psychic reflexes”
o Classical conditioning (how works; extinction; spontaneous recovery)
o Work on Neurosis (experimental findings & conclusions)
o Impact of work concerning classical conditioning and impact on Neurosis work
- Bekhterev
o Associated reflexes
o Ideas concerning learning and role of mental processing
- Russian Objective Psychology (general assumptions)
- Influence of functionalism on behaviorism
Ch-10: Behaviorism: Beginning
- John B. Watson
o The publication referred to as “The Behaviorist Manifesto”-- Why was this document important
o What did he do to become the founder of Behaviorism
o Methodology differences from previous schools
o What, according to Behaviorism should be the focus of psychology? What were the methods? How was this
different from Functionalism? How was Behaviorism different than Structuralism? Know differences between
subject matter, methods, and goals among these 3 schools of thought (see lectures, exercises and review in class)
o What did Behaviorism reject from the schools of Functionalism & Structuralism
- Methods of behaviorism
- Subject matter of behaviorism
- Ideas concerning
o Instincts
o Emotions
o Thought
- Appeal of Behaviorism
- Carl Lashley (text)
o Law of mass action
o Equipotentiality
- Criticisms of Watson’s behaviorism (text)
o McDougall
 Their debate
- Contributions of Watson’s behaviorism
NOTE: Many compare and contrast questions concerning Structuralism, Functionalism, and Behaviorism. Know the
differences and/or similarities in terms of assumptions, methods, and goals.