Military Industrial
Contractors in
Massachusetts
By Andrew Romanowski
Massachusetts Peace Action
11 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138
www.masspeaceaction.org
March 23, 2013
Contents
Introduction ................................................................................................... 2
Raytheon ......................................................................................................... 4
General Dynamics ........................................................................................ 5
General Electric............................................................................................. 6
Massachusetts Institute of Technology ............................................... 7
American Science and Engineering Inc. .............................................. 8
Draper Labs ..................................................................................................10
The Analytic Science Corporation (TASC) .......................................11
Textron Systems .........................................................................................11
Perini...............................................................................................................12
BAE Systems Inc. ........................................................................................12
Quantech Services Inc. .............................................................................13
Dynamics Research Corp. .......................................................................14
Oasis Systems ..............................................................................................15
Odyssey Systems ........................................................................................15
FLIR Systems ...............................................................................................16
iRobot Corp ..................................................................................................16
Infoscitex Corp ............................................................................................17
Niche. Ariel Inc. ...........................................................................................18
Charles River Analytics Inc. ...................................................................18
Aptima Inc.....................................................................................................20
Works Cited ..................................................................................................21
Military Industrial Contractors in Massachusetts
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Introduction
Massachusetts has a unique relationship to the Military-Industrial Complex,
as a progressive state that receives important revenue from the defense industry, as
a state with a highly educated and specialized workforce able to provides cuttingedge analysis, and as the largest recipient of military funding in New England.
According to the Donahue Institute a conservative academic research center with
substantial connections to the military, Massachusetts’s venders and companies
were awarded more than $13. 7 billion from the department of Defense (DoD), and
the department of Homeland security, an 83 percent increase since 2003. The DoD
and Department of Homeland Security is responsible for more than 130,000
approximately 4.1 percent of employment in the state. Overall direct and indirect
economic activity associated with the military and defense industry in broader New
England is estimated to be greater than $25.5 billion. In Massachusetts, 3.8 percent
of annual GDP is estimated by the Donahue Institute to be derived from military
spending and contracts. The great majority of this spending is concentrated in
communications; radio, detection and other forms of engineering related work
intended to give the military strategic advantages. This particular sector of
employment and development has grown 130 percent since 2003. Massachusetts
was 6th and 9th in the country in 2011, for prime defense contracts and contracts per
capita. Massachusetts has at least five military bases and direct facilities located in
state: Westfield, Harvard Lancaster, Bedford, Westover, Lexington and Lincoln.
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This report profiles 20 major contractors mentioned in the Business press,
for the large amounts of revenue and volume of contracts they have acquired in
fiscal year 2012. The contracts provided a diverse array of services for the military
and DoD, however there are many important commonalities. The majority of the
contractors are engaging in complex, software, computer science, and other
specialized technological research, much of which is affiliated with academia.
Almost every contractor profiled is doing robotics research, including research on
autonomous drones and naval craft. In fact, the only companies profiled, which are
not providing complex technological research relevant to the development of
robotics technology, are minor financial companies and a parachute manufacturer.
Several of the most original robotics contractors such as iRobot, Charles River
Analytics, Draper Labs, and Lincoln Labs are located in Massachusetts. Boston
Dynamics, another cutting edge robotics company, not profiled in this report is also
located in Massachusetts. Massachusetts would therefore, seem to be at the
forefront of much of the work done in this area. Such, of this research seems to trace
back to MIT and its unique role in advanced military research. iRobot for instance,
is one of the most revolutionary robotics companies profiled, and the only company
to explicitly catalog and advertised infantry and naval robots for military use, was
originally founded by scientists from MIT. MIT provides the largest number of
facilities for Charles River Analytics, including its facility of Lincoln Lab. Draper Labs
was also originally, directly associated with MIT and continues to profit from its
connections with the university. The academic clout and financial resources
Military Industrial Contractors in Massachusetts
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Raytheon
Raytheon’s main headquarters are located in Waltham Mass. Raytheon is
financially and industrially the largest defense contractor in the state. Raytheon also
received the largest amount of revenue in government contracts, in fiscal year 2012,
1,713 contracts totaled an estimated $3.3 billion. Raytheon apportions its
commercial activity to several distinct business units listed on its website:
Integrated Defense Systems (IDS), Intelligence and information Systems (IIS),
Network Centric Systems (NCS), Raytheon Technical Services Company (RTSC)
Raytheon Missile (RMS).
Although Raytheon Integrated Defense Systems is headquartered in
Tewksbury Mass, Raytheon IDS is active is Andover Massachusetts, and was
awarded an $115,959,356 firm-fixed-price level-of-effort contract as recently as
February 8th 2013. The Contract was an improvement on an existing contract to
develop PATRIOT missile systems. The Contract was certainly given out to in
support of foreign military sales. The US has been selling PATRIOT missile systems
to Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait as of 2013, and a large contract was given to
Lockheed Martin also in relation to PATRIOT supplies. Raytheon’s February 8th
contract would seem to be in relationship with this development in arms sales.
Raytheon IDS was also contracted, in accordance with an existing agreement with
the pentagon, to perform more development services on naval radar phase systems
on February 13th 2012. The contract was $138,698,837 and firm-fixed-price, levelof-effort, cost-plus-fixed-fee. The work in development to this specific project will be
Military Industrial Contractors in Massachusetts
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done in Andover, Burlington and Tewksbury as out of state. An earlier agreement
between the pentagon and Raytheon IDS was negotiated April 30th 2012 regarding
radar systems and surveillance technology; this seems to be an earlier version of the
phase radar tracking systems agreement. Raytheon IDS has 14,000 employees and
made over $5 billion in revenue in 2012. Its current CEO is Thomas Kennedy.
Raytheon Network Centric Systems is active in Marlborough, Mass. NCS was
awarded a $7,027,114 cost-plus-fixed-fee delivery order against a previously issued
basic ordering agreement for air traffic systems specifically related to navigation,
coordination and refurbishment of existing aviation technologies. The contract also
stipulates funding for assembly and disassembly as well as, purchase for new parts.
The contract was awarded on February 16th 2012. NCS is headquartered out of
state in Texas not Massachusetts and had a total revenue of $4 billion in 2012.
General Dynamics
General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems, Inc. General Dynamics
subsidiary located in Pittsfield, Mass, was awarded a $7,150,086 cost-plusincentive-fee contract on February 6th 2012 for fiscal year of 2012 and 2013.
General Dynamic was contracted to provide operational support, design,
development and production work in relation to ballistic missile submarines and
guided missile submarines in fiscal year 2012 and fiscal year 2013. The Pittsfield
location does not seem to be the main headquarters of AIS, which are located in
Fairfax, Virginia. AIS claims to have more than 91,000 employees worldwide, it’s
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unclear how many of these are located in Massachusetts, as its Pittsfield location
does not seem to be very central.
General Dynamics also has a factory located in Taunton Mass, which received
$ 1.9 billion in revenue from Department of Defense contracts to develop Cybersecurity and communications technology systems. The Taunton Company is
estimated by the Boston Globe to have around 1,000 employees. The Taunton
Company also seems to be affiliated with the General Dynamic C4 unit, which
specializes in software, data systems, radio and other communications technologies
used, by government intelligence agencies and the pentagon. Taunton has found
itself in precarious situation as “Warfighter” a leading satellite communications
system used by ground troops to exchange video surveillance footage of the
battlefield, has been threaten by budget cuts. The proposed cut re-appropriation of
$414 million has however, faced bipartisan protest by the Massachusetts delegation.
General Electric
General Electric’s presence includes its aviation group located in Lynn, Mass,
and a medical center also located in Lynn. General Electric received 217 contracts in
2012, totaling nearly $ 1 billion. An example of a recent contract is the $8,831,994
order on February 27th 2012, improving on a previously, basic ordering agreement
(N00019-09-G-0009) for the F404 Component Improvement Program to include
engineering and engine system improvement support. The work associated with the
project was designated by the contract to be performed in Lynn, Mass., and was
projected for December 2012. The Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River,
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Md., was cited as the contracting activity.
The DoD awarded another recent contract to General Electric on February
2nd 2012, designating $7,473,489 worth of modification on F414 aircraft engine.
Over 90 percent of the work was specifically designated for Lynn Mass with some
subcontracting brought in from Philadelphia. The General Electric Aviation division
in Mass seems to perform frame and structural adjustment for aircraft, in addition
to engine assembly and development.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
MIT is the twelfth largest academic military contractor in the country and the
fourth largest military contractor in the state of Massachusetts. MIT received 217
DoD contracts totaling about $823 million in 2012. Lincoln Laboratory is the
primary military researcher and contracted branch of MIT. Lincoln Labs last annual
report was released in 2011; however, Lincoln Labs releases a Journal and notes on
laboratory research describing the nature of the work being done. Extensive
information is therefore available regarding the nature of the development and
experimentation being performed above and beyond the details released by the
government. Lincoln Lab has 28 facilities, with its primary facility being located in
Lexington Mass. Lincoln Lab has two other major facilities in Massachusetts,
including an antenna test facility located in Bedford and radar complex in Westford.
Lincoln Lab has 36, 000 total personnel, including 1780 technical staff. The current
director of Lincoln Labs is Eric D. Evans.
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According to a brief produced by Lincoln in 2011, the organization has had
an annual operative budget of $870 million for the fiscal year. The similarity of this
number to the figure produced by the business press in Boston regarding total MIT
revenue from contracts suggests that the vast majority- if not all of MIT defense
contracts are given to Lincoln Lab Inc. According to the same brief, 88.57 % of the
total budget of Lincoln Lab Inc. accrued from DoD contracts. While no information
regarding overall operating budget per fiscal year is available in the annual report
or the fact sheets released by Lincoln Lab Inc., all three documents contain a
descriptive chart, which breaks DoD funding into separate categories based on subdepartment. The bulk of DoD funding came from the air force with 36% of the
overall budget being accrued from air force spending. The only other major category
of defense funding is ambiguously entitled “other DoD” which provides 17 % of the
budget. Lincoln Lab Inc. hands out various subcontracts, which generated revenue
for local and national businesses. Unsurprisingly, given the location of most of its
facilities and research, Massachusetts is listed as the top recipient revenue from
subcontracts with Lincoln Lab spending generating $209.2 million for businesses in
the state economy.
American Science and Engineering Inc.
As its name suggests American Science and Engineering Inc. is a technology
and engineering company with its corporate headquarters located in Billerica Mass.
The company made over $500 million off of over 1,067 awards from the DoD. AS& E
additionally receives revenue from law enforcement and several other areas of
public sector spending. AS&E’s work for the military mostly involves the research
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and development of technologies, which detect dirty bombs and other explosives.
AS&E’s lists all of its major projects on a catalog on its website, such as the ZBV
Military Trailer, an extensive 5 ton x-ray system designed to fit on the back of
trailers in military encampments in places like Iraq and Afghanistan. Most of AS& E’s
technologies are x-ray surveillance devices used in airports and commercial centers,
as a result of sales exchanges with customs and airline agencies in addition to
military campsites. In addition to x-rays, AS&E has a specialty in radioactive
detection devices, used to identify hided radioactive materials in vehicles and
concealed areas. The radioactive technologies are sold as a feature on x-ray and
other more standard surveillance systems.
AS& E’s annual report contains some information regarding the company’s
finances and revenue. AS&E emphasizes the monetary value of its contracts various
government agencies, claiming that 62% of total sales came from contracts with the
US government in fiscal year 2012. Overall revenue for sales is somewhat
ambiguous according to the report since, AS&E typically has a significant backlog of
orders from the previous fiscal year. As of 2012 for instance, AS&E had a sales
backlog of $112,045,000 more than half of which, is predicted to be turned into
revenue during the current fiscal year. AS&E estimates that it made $203,552 in
export sales during fiscal year 2012, with “the “Middle East and North Africa” being
listed as the primary recipient of AS&E exports. The report also states that the
company employs a mere 415 personnel as of March 31, 2012. Employees of AS&E
are required to sign a “non-discloser” agreement and have special clearance. The
Military Industrial Contractors in Massachusetts
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report implies that most of these employees are performing research and
development, although some are involved in marketing and sales.
Draper Labs
Draper Labs is a military research center loosely associated with MIT, and
located in Cambridge Mass, although it has several facilities out of state. Overall
revenue for Draper Labs was $528 in fiscal year 2011, with $250 in subcontracts,
most of which essentially went into the local economy the same year. 93% of
Draper’s revenue comes from DoD spending and contracts, with the Navy being the
largest contributor with 57% of revenue coming from Navy contracts. Draper claims
to have more than 1,400 employees, over 70% of whom have some manor of
technical specialization. 43% of Draper technical staff have a Master’s degree, 31%
have a Bachelor’s degree and 19% have a PhD. Draper’s workforce is therefore, a
highly educated and specialized one, the great majority of whom have a background
in computer science and programing. Over 45% of Draper employees are activity
performing computer science work, while 18% are performing engineering work.
Draper has a national reputation and performs several critical research and
development projects for the military. Some active projects include, missile
guidance mechanisms, robotics systems including autonomous air and naval units,
biometrics systems, automated target acquisition, and various nanotechnologies,
which can be fitted onto existing or perspective air and naval craft. Draper also
performs energy research related to nuclear, coal and natural gas power plants,
such as autonomous sensors, which would replace manual technologies used today.
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The Analytic Science Corporation (TASC)
TASC is an engineering company, and former subsidiary of Northrop
Grumman. TASC purports to have more than 5,000 employees in more than 40
national locations. The central corporate headquarters is located out of state in
Virginia, however TASC has a major location in Andover Mass. TASC had 424
contracts with the DoD in 2012 resulting in $232 million in revenue. TASC claims its
national overall revenue is $1.2 billion in a news release. TASC specializes in data
analytics and various forms of software protection used by Homeland Security and
the DoD to protect critical information.
Textron Systems
Textron is a technology and engineering corporation specializing in
unmanned aircraft, “advanced marine craft” as well as a wide variety of complex
software, communication technologies, and smart weapons. Textron receives
significant revenue from NASA, Homeland security and the DoD. Textron’s primary
corporate headquarters are in Providence, Rode Island, however, it has a sales office
headquarters located in Northampton, Mass. Textron claims that it has 32,000 with
facilities and branches in 25 different countries. The broader corporation made over
$11.3 billion in revenue from fiscal year 2012. Textron Systems is a subsidiary of
Textron and accounts for only 17% of total company revenues. Textron Systems
made over $262 million in revenues from over 30 DoD contracts in Mass in 2012.
Textron Systems lists a variety of services and sub-programs for which it makes a
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profit, almost all of which cite unmanned aircraft as an area of development and
production.
Perini
Tutor Perini is a construction and design company, which accrues most of its
revenue from contracts with federal US government agencies, but also has
significant business relationships with other privates companies and governments
outside of the United States. Perini has specially received major contracts to
perform reconstructive projects and logistical support in Haiti via USAID. Perini has
also constructed facilities in Iraq and Afghanistan, and is often contracted to
perform reconstructive work in the wake of natural disasters. Perini Management
Services Inc. is the subsidiary of Tutor Perini located in Framingham Mass, which
appears to be the primary corporate headquarters for the entire business unit.
Perini Management Health Services was awarded $91.9 million from 25 with the
DoD contracts in fiscal year 2012. Perini Management services employs roughly 100
workers and usually fluctuates between 50 to 200 staff, according information that
it has released to the business press.
BAE Systems Inc.
BAE Systems Inc. is the US subsidiary of BAE Systems plc. a global defense c
and aerospace. BAE Systems plc. has released information specifying that it employ
over 83,600 employees globally in such countries as Saudi Arabia, Australia, India,
South Africa, Israel and the United Kingdom, in addition to its presence in the United
Military Industrial Contractors in Massachusetts
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States. 37, 000 of BAE Systems plc. employees are located in the United States, as of
2011. BAE Systems Inc. has several facilities in Massachusetts: BAE Systems
“Technology Solutions” is located in Acton; BAE Systems has two additional facilities
in Lexington and one in Burlington. These Massachusetts branches and facilities
receive significant contracts from a variety of government agencies to develop
complex alarm systems, software to combat piracy and communications technology.
The Lexington facilities have been in the past to develop thermal weapons
technologies which can be fitted onto a variety of weapons and identify targets to
fog and other forms of visual obstruction. A $56 million contract to design and
provide thermal sights to US army soldiers with signed with BAE Systems in 2011
and seems to have carried in over into fiscal year 2012 with BAE Systems delivering
over 10,000 thermal sights in April 2012. BAE Systems Inc. has also been
contracted by the Navy and the Department of Homeland Security to provided new
software, which will more effectively protect data from hackers. Unlike many other
areas of BAE Systems research and development, BAE press releases describes
cyber security software has a “dynamic” market. BAE Systems Inc. made $67
million from 180 contracts in 2012, involving avionics, military aircraft and armored
vehicles.
Quantech Services Inc.
Quantech Services is a small contractor, which performs cost analysis, fiscal
waste and services management for the DoD. Quantech is relatively new, having
been founded in 1999, and employs about 350 people almost all of which seem to be
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located in state. Unlike services other companies, Quantech’s primary corporate are
in state, at Lexington Mass. In addition to its financial services, Quantech provides
engineering assistance and weapons testing. Quantech specifically focuses on the
development of satellite technologies and radar surveillance systems many of which
are also developed for the Department of Homeland security. Quantech Services
made $62 million from 229 contracts in 2012.
Dynamics Research Corp.
Dynamics Research Corporation is an armament and software research
company, with its primary corporate headquarters located in Andover Mass,
although its operational headquarters are out of state, in Virginia. According to its
last annual report in 2011, overall revenue for DRC was $323, with a funding
backlog of $183 million. DRC has not yet released an annual report for fiscal year
2012, however information released to the business press indicates that the
company secured 195 contracts generating $60.1 million in revenue that year. DRC
is contracted by intelligence agencies. The Department of Homeland Security, the
DoD, and civilian companies. Under longstanding contract PRF51 with the
government of Massachusetts, for instance, DRC has been brought in to provide
training in software application, programing, and other forms of computer and
management related instruction. DRC has a least one other major contract with the
government of Massachusetts, to develop software and applications which analysis
government programs and spending especially around infrastructure. DRC is also
contracted by the DoD to provide technological support for the operation of ballistic
Military Industrial Contractors in Massachusetts
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missile defense systems. According to a recent brief released for its shareholders,
DRC has 1,300 employees. Although it has several facilities in a number of different
states, the majority of these employees are presumably located in its corporate and
operational headquarters.
Oasis Systems
Is an information technology, telecommunications, and data Software
Company with a primary corporate headquarters located in Lexington, Mass. Oasis
is also contracted by the DoD to manage financial program via its enterprise
applications-an array of software which share a common set of tool and programs
used to manage financial information. In 2012 Oasis Systems was awarded 336
contracts totaling $45.5 million.
Odyssey Systems
Odyssey Systems is a software and technology company with its major
corporate headquarters in Wakefield, Massachusetts. Odyssey Systems specializes
in several areas of technical areas relevant to the DoD. Odyssey provides for
example, “Avionics Integration” an area of work and technological development
which essentially consists of remodeling data, radio and communications
technologies associated with aircraft, including the F-15 fighter systems and other
fighter jets. Odysseys was originally contracted to develop a joint tactical radio
communications systems for the pentagon, an idea intended to revolutionize
military communication, however, the project seems to have been unsuccessful and
Military Industrial Contractors in Massachusetts
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funding was allowed to expire March 2012. Odyssey also designs electronic warfare
systems intended to disable or jam enemy radio frequencies. Odyssey received 238
contracts in 2012, totaling $43.5 million.
FLIR Systems
FLIR Systems is a company, which manufactures and designs or infared sensors for
the military. Though the main corporate headquarters of FLIR Systems is located in
Oregon, FLIR has a major presence in Massachusetts, especially after acquiring
Themometrics Inc. another company which manufactures and develops thermal
imaging technologies. FLIR Systems has three branches, which distribute its
products to three different markets: Government, Commercial and Clinical.
Government is by far the largest branch or FLIR with $569 million in annual
revenue. FLIR manufactures a wide assortment of technology for military purposes
including thermal sights for firearms, thermal sights used by infantry designed to
detect explosives, and thermal detection sensors fitted on unmanned aircraft i.e.
drones. In 2012 FLIER Systems Massachusetts company received 124 contracts
from the DoD totaling $34.1 million.
iRobot Corp
iRobot is a inventive robotics company headquartered in Bedford Mass,
IRobot’s primary contribution to military operations is its “packbot”, a small
robotics unit utilized in Iraq and Afghanistan to dismantled landmines, carry
ammunition and detect incoming explosions. iRobot has also already produced and
Military Industrial Contractors in Massachusetts
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actively distributes an unmanned naval craft, known as the 1KA Seaglider. The
Seaglider is primarily sold to fishermen and sued to compile information regarding
weather and temperature patterns, however, it seems that iRobot has decided to
militarize this technology and equip it with infared and other sensor relevant to DoD
activities. It’s hard not to see iRobot’s Seaglider outside of the pentagon’s muchpublicized bib for an unmanned naval fleet. Packbots of course, represent an
attempt at the development of a robotic or autonomous infantry. Therefore, the
development of autonomous robotic systems for activities previously requiring
human labor or oversight, by companies such as iRobot, has become and
irreversible contemporary phenomena.
iRobot was initially founded by MIT specialists, in 1990, and now employs
“600of the top” professionals in the robotics industry. iRobot also has major
branches in California, the UK and China. As of 2011, the company reported $465 in
overall revenue. In 2012 iRobot received 94 contracts from the DoD totaling $33.3
million for operations specific to Massachusetts. A recent example of an iRobot
contract was it award of a $14,424,220 firm-fixed-price contract. The award will
provide for the procurement of First Look robotic systems, spare part kits and robot
accessories. Work will be performed in Bedford, with an estimated completion date
of Aug. 20, 2013.
Infoscitex Corp
Infoscitex is a technological and engineering company located in Waltham
Mass that specializes in a wide variety of programs and capacities used by the
Military Industrial Contractors in Massachusetts
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military. Infositex’s core areas of research and development engineering include,
robotics, thermal and infared, biochemical and communications technologies.
Infositex’s robotics development mostly seems to consist of engine development
and the attachment of parts to existing models. Infoscitex’s work in regard to
nanotechnology and biomedical technology relates to how organic tissue heals and
the possibility of “synthesizing” external technologies and human anatomy. In 2012,
Infoscitex received 173 contracts totaling $29.5 million in relation to its work in
Massachusetts.
Niche. Ariel Inc.
Niche is a parachute delivery system, which receives unsurprisingly, much of
it revenue from the Air force. Other than the sale and distribution of these parachute
delivery systems, Niche seems to have no other hard industry or research projects.
The company however, generated over $ 24.5 million in revenue in 2012, from its
Massachusetts based contracts.
Charles River Analytics Inc.
Charles River Analytics is an intelligence and technology company located in
Cambridge, Massachusetts that carries out complicated research associated with a
variety of DoD investments. Charles River is largely focused on research directly
relevant to autonomous systems and robotics technology. Charles River lists
“artificial intelligence” as a major area of research in many of its academic reports
and publications. In Many ways, Charles River seems to be doing highly original
Military Industrial Contractors in Massachusetts
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work in relation to other military and defense contractors. Charles River specifically
works on what it calls “cognitive systems” a term, which refers to the application of
human behavior to robotics mechanism i.e. the replication of uniquely human
activities by machines. Charles River Analytics ‘ artificial intelligence research is
therefore, pivotal to the development of fully autonomous naval and Ariel units,
which so many Massachusetts contractors are researching and developing. In
another area of specialty, additional to its cognitive and derision systems research,
Charles River’s work developing complex sensors designed to imitate the human
visual cortex. Such technology is explicitly designed by Charles River, to be fitted
onto drones, and other robotic units developed by the military.
Charles River has a highly educated and specialized work force similar to
Draper labs, with most of its workforce having some measure of higher education
and expertise in computer science, electric engineering, and “bioinformatics”
engineering. Charles River has academic relationship, which allow it access people
and resource at several Boston-based universities, such as Brandeis, Harvard,
Boston University and most importantly, MIT. While the other three universities
listed provided only one laboratory or facility for use by Charles River, MIT provides
five including Lincoln Labs. Charles River’s workforce seems largely concentrated in
Massachusetts, though its many academic connections and resources would indicate
that it has substantial connections out of state. Charles River had 111totaling $21.3
million in 2012.
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Aptima Inc.
Aptima Inc. is a technology, engineering and software development and
research entity located in Woburn, Massachusetts. Aptima engineers robotics
technologies, simulation systems, and gaming systems. Aptima Inc. is interested in
what it calls “socio-technical systems” by which they mean models of human
behavior and efficiency, examined from a scientific and mathematical perspective.
Aptima is therefore, contracted to provide an analytics of workplace efficacy and
waste. Aptima Inc. also provides oversight into “human robot relations” in order to
strengthen to communications and interaction between humans and robotics
systems. Aptima Inc. offers trainings in many of its complex theoretical approaches
and designs to consultants and DoD staff. Many of Aptima Inc. systems and
technologies are used to make predictions, intended to give U.S military forces
strategical advantages directly association with the logistics of it operations, i.e.
number of personnel, supplies and funds need to carry out specific missions. N
2011, the company had annual revenue of $22.1 million. In 2012, the Aptima Inc.
made $20.9 million almost of which was from defense contracts.
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