Supporting Information File S1
Phylogenetic hypotheses used in the analyses
Case of living taxa
For each selachian order, with the exception of some orders encompassing only few taxa not
necessitating phylogenetic resolution (e.g. Squatiniformes, Heterodontiformes), the following
intra-ordinal phylogenetic relationships were selected: Orectolobiformes [1], Lamniformes
[2,3], Carcharhiniformes [4] (subsequently modified [5] with a peculiar resolution of
Halaelurus-related taxa [6]), Hexanchiformes [7], Squaliformes [8,9], Rajiformes [4] (with
modifications [10-12]), Myliobatiformes [13] and Torpediniformes [12]. Concepts of
Pristiformes, Rhiniformes and Rhinobatiformes [14] were not considered here because of the
inconsistency in their contents according to authors [12,15] and their lumping with the
Rajiformes. When ambiguous and/or distinct from Rajiformes sensu [4] in the phylogenies
considered, we preferred the use of unnamed groups (e.g. “Pristid”, “Rhinobatid-like”) instead,
thus limiting the clade Rajiformes to its indisputable families (e.g. Rajidae, Arhynchobatidae,
Anacanthobatidae).
The recently published species-level shark phylogeny [16] is not fully considered here
because of the large number of discrepancies (most of the families and numerous genera and
orders are considered paraphyletic) and due to some incongruities that are not further argued
(e.g. Ginglymostomatidae nested within Carcharhiniformes).
Case of fossil taxa
The systematic position of numerous fossil taxa is problematic. For instance, in terms of
dental characters, basal neoselachians can be identified mainly on the basis of the possession
of a triple-layered enameloid [17,18], the intermediary layer being considered a
synapomorphy of neoselachians. However, this character remains subject to discussion
because batoids and several fossil taxa lack this layer. Therefore, contrary to [19], we
excluded the Devonian McMurdodontidae (genus McMurdodus) and the Carboniferous
Anachronistidae (genera Cooleyella and Ginteria) from the Neoselachii, pending further
evidences concerning their enameloid histology [20,21]. Concerning shark taxa, we chose to
include the Late Triassic genera Grozonodon, Hueneichthys and Pseudocetorhinus within the
Selachimorpha (modern sharks) because their teeth display a triple-layered enameloid
microstructure [18,22,23]. The genus Reifia is included within the galean selachimorphs
according to both the triple-layered microstructure of its enameloid [24] and to the overall
morphological aspect of its teeth [10,11,24]. The Rhaetian genus Vallisia is considered more
closely-related to the hybodonts than to the neoselachian sharks because the two former share
a single-layered enameloid; however, Vallisia is not included within the hybodonts due to
differences in dental morphologies [23]. According to different studies, the genus
Parasquatina is considered either as a possible squatiniform [25] or as an orectolobiform [10]
and is therefore placed in stem position to these two orders in the phylogenetic hypotheses
considered here. The family Echinorhinidae (sometimes considered in its own order
Echinorhiniformes [21]), when not represented in the phylogenetic hypotheses selected, was
placed in basal position to the clade Squalomorphii (Squaliformes, Squatiniformes,
Pristiophoriformes and Hexanchiformes), as for the fossil family Protospinacidae. Regarding
the batoids, the main issue concerns the interpretation of the order Rajiformes. According to
[11], this order includes the Rhinobatoidei, Rajoidei, Sclerorhynchoidei and Pristioidei and
other taxa of unknown affinities (e.g., Ptychotrygon, Texatrygon, Safagaia), whereas other
classifications consider these suborders as proper orders or with ambiguous phylogenetic
relationships [12]. Thus, when a phylogenetic hypothesis retains no close relationships
between Rhinobatoidei, Pristioidei (referred to as “Rhinobatoid-like” and “Pristids” here,
respectively) and Rajiformes sensu lato, other rajiform taxa (e.g., Sclerorhynchoidei) were left
in polytomies at the base of the clade.
Phylogenetic hypotheses used including fossil taxa
All genus, family and order-level phylogenetic hypotheses are given in nexus format. The
phylogenetic hypotheses of HEI[27] are also given in circular trees as an example.
Genus-level phylogenies:
DOU[26]
(((((((Aegyptobatus,Tribodus),Distobatus,Glickmanodus,Reticulodus,Acrodus,Acrorhizodus,
Asteracanthus,Bdellodus),(Egertonodus,Pororhiza,Priohybodus,Thaiodus,Leptacanthus,Plano
hybodus,Secarodus,Hybodus,Meristodon,Meristodonoides,Khoratodus)),(Palaeobates,Polyacr
odus)),(Lonchidion,Lissodus,Bahariyodon,Hylaeobatis,Isanodus,Parvodus,Vectiselachos,Jiao
dontus,Diplolonchidion)),(Homalodontus,Doratodus),(Heteroptychodus,Ptychodus),Steinbach
odus,Pseudodalatias,Ostenoselache,Hubeiodus,Mukdahanodus,Raineria),(((((((((Burnhamia,E
omobula,(Eoplinthicus,Plinthicus),Manta,Mobula),Rhinoptera),Ixobatis,(Pucabatis,Rhombod
us,Washakiebatis),Aetobatus,Aetomylaeus,Apocopodon,Brachyrhizodus,Garabatis,Igdabatis,
Leidybatis,Lophobatis,(Myliobatis,Pteromylaeus),Pseudaetobatus,Aktaua),(Pteroplatea,Aetop
latea,Gymnura,Jacquhermania,Ouledia),Cretomanta,Archaeomanta),((Urolophus,Trygonopter
a,Plesiobatis),Himantura),((Potamotrygon,Plesiotrygon),(Paratrygon,Heliotrygon)),Arechia,A
turobatis,Coupatezia,Dasyrhombodus,Delpitia,Enantiobatis,Ewingia,Heterobatis,Heterotorped
o,Merabatis,Myliodasyatis,Phosphatodon,Meridiania,Texabatis,Viperecucullus,(Urotrygon,Ur
obatis),Hypolophites,Hypolophodon,Ishaquia,Pastinachus,Taeniura,Dasyatis,Neotrygon,Ptero
platytrygon,Taeniurops,Urogymnus,Asterotrygon,Heliobatis),Hexatrygon),Zanobatus),(((Torp
edo,Eotorpedo),Hypnos),((Heteronarce,Typhlonarke,Narke,Temera,Crassinarke,Electrolux),(
Narcine,Benthobatis,Diplobatis,Discopyge),Titanonarke)),(Ataktobatis,Engaibatis,Jurobatos,
Microbatis,Myledaphus,Protoplatyrhina,Pseudohypolophus,Squatirhina,Vascobatis,(Rhina,Rh
ynchobatus,((Asterodermus,Belemnobatis),Doliobatis,Iansan,Isidobatus,Paratrygonorrhina,Rh
inobatos,Rhombopterygia,Spathobatis,Aptychotrema,Trygonorrhina,Zapteryx,Platypterix),(Pl
atyrhina,Tethybatis,Platyrhinoidis),(Hypsobatis,Angolabatis,Youssoubatis),Parapalaeobates)),
(((Dipturus,Raja,Malacoraja,Mafdetia,Rajorhina,Smithraja,Walteraja,Amblyraja,Breviraja,Da
ctylobatus,Dentiraja,Fenestraja,Gurgesiella,Hongeo,Insentiraja,Leucoraja,Neoraja,Okamejei,
Rajella,Rostroraja,Zearaja),(Anacanthobatis,Sinobatis),(Psammobatis,Pseudoraja,Rioraja,Rhi
noraja,Pavoraja,Notoraja,Irolita,Brochiraja,Bathyraja,Atlantoraja,Arhynchobatis,Sympterygia
)),Cyclobatis),(Anoxypristis,Pristis,Propristis),(Cristabatis,Toarcibatis),((Onchosaurus,Pucapr
istis,Schizorhiza),(Ankistrorhynchus,Borodinopristis,(Columbusia,Onchopristis),Ctenopristis,
Dalpiazia,Ganopristis,Ischyrhiza,Libanopristis,Marckgrafia,Micropristis,Plicatopristis,Scleror
hynchus,Kiestus,Atlanticopristis),Biropristis,Baharipristis,Renpetia,Celtipristis),Ptychotrygon
,Ptychotrygonoides,Texatrygon,Archingeayia,Duwibatis,Engolismaia,Erguitaia,Erythrobatis,
Hamrabatis,Safagaia,Tanoutia,Turoniabatis,Leiribatos,Phosphatobatis,Iberotrygon),((((((((((((
((Etmopterus,Miroscyllium),Eoetmopterus,Microetmopterus,Paraetmopterus,Proetmopterus),(
Centroscyllium,Aculeola),Trigonognathus),((Centroselachus,Proscymnodon,(Scymnodon,Za
meus),Scymnodalatias,Cretascymnus,Centroscymnus),(SomniosusS,SomniosusR)),(Oxynotus
,Protoxynotus),((Eosqualiolus,Squaliolus,Euprotomicrus),Heteroscymnoides,Paraphorosoides
,Acrosqualiolus,Angoumeius,Squaliodalatias,Dalatias,Isistius,Euprotomicroides,Mollisquama
)),(Protocentrophorus,(Centrophorus,Deania))),((Squalus,Cirrhigaleus,Protosqualus,Centroph
oroides),Centrosqualus,Megasqualus)),Protospinax),((Squatina,Pseudorhina),(Pristiophorus,(I
kamauius,Pliotrema)))),(((Hexanchus,(Heptranchias,Paraheptranchias),Weltonia),Notorynchu
s,Notidanoides,Notidanodon,Pachyhexanchus,(Pseudonotidanus,Welcommia)),(Chlamydosel
achus,Eothrinax),Sphenodus,Paraorthacodus),(Echinorhinus,Gibbechinorhinus,Orthechinorhi
nus,Paraechinorhinus,Pseudoechinorhinus)),((Dwardius,Priscusurus,Eoptolamna,(Mitsukurina
,Scapanorhynchus,Anomotodon,Striatolamia,Woellsteinia),((Acrolamna,Archaeolamna,Creto
dus,Cretoxyrhina,Dallasiela,Trigonotodus,Eostriatolamia,Paraisurus,Palaeocarcharodon,Creto
lamna,Telodontaspis),Protolamna,Leptostyrax,Pseudoscapanorhynchus),((((Carcharias,Hispid
aspis),Araloselachus),Brachycarcharias,Cenocarcharias,Glueckmanotodus,Hypotodus,Jaekelo
todus,Johnlongia,(Mennerotodus,Borealotodus),Odontaspis,Orpodon,Palaeohypotodus,Roulle
tia,Sylvestrilamia,Turania,Pueblocarcharias),((Alopias,Anotodus,Paranomotodon,Usakias),Ps
eudocarcharias,Megachasma),((OtodusO,OtodusC,OtodusM),Parotodus),Cardabiodon,Serrato
lamna,((Galeocorax,Pseudocorax),(Ptychocorax,Nanocorax,Squalicorax,Scindocorax)),(Cetor
hinus,(((Carchariolamna,Lamna,Carcharoides),Isurolamna,(Isurus,Macrorhizodus)),(Carcharo
don,Cosmopolitodus),Karaisurus,Lethenia,Xiphodolamia)))),((Bavariscyllium,Casieria,Cretas
cyliorhinus,Eypea,(Foumtizia,Pachyscyllium),Macrourogaleus,Megascyliorhinus,Microscylio
rhinus,Crassescyliorhinus,Palaeoscyllium,Platyrhizoscyllium,(PremontreiaP,PremontreiaO),P
rotoscyliorhinus,Pseudoscyliorhinus,Pteroscyllium,Stenoscyllium,Schroederichthys,(((Porode
rmoides,Poroderma),(Scyliorhinus,Cephaloscyllium)),(Atelomycterus,Aulohalaelurus)),(Gale
us,Bythaelurus,(Asymbolus,(Cephalurus,Parmaturus)),(Holohalaelurus,Halaelurus,Haploblep
harus,Prohaploblepharus),(Pentanchus,Apristurus)),(Proscyllium,Praeproscyllium,Ctenacis,Er
idacnis),((Pseudotriakis,Gollum),(Leptocharias,(Archaeotriakis,(Iago,Khouribgaleus,Gompho
galeus,Galeorhinus,(Triakis,Scylliogaleus,Mustelus,Hemitriakis,Furgaleus,Pachygaleus,Palae
ogaleus,Paratriakis,Squatigaleus,Xystrogaleus,((Hemigaleus,Paragaleus,(Chaenogaleus,Hemi
pristis),Moerigaleus),((Sphyrna,Eusphyra),((Abdounia,Tingaleus),Danogaleus,Eogaleus,Phys
ogaleus,(Rhizoprionodon,Scoliodon,Loxodon,Isogomphodon,(Triaenodon,((Glyphis,Lamiops
is),Prionace,Nasolamia,Carcharhinus))),Kruckowlamna,Misrichthys,Negaprion,Galeocerdo)))
))))),Figaro,Gogolia),Corysodon))),(Palaeorectolobus,Agaleus,Palaeocarcharias,Pseudospinax
,(Annea,Dorsetoscyllium,Folipistrix,(Phorcynis,Heterophorcynus),Ornatoscyllium,(Pararhinc
odon,Cirrhoscyllium,Parascyllium),((((Ginglymostoma,Plicatoscyllium),Cantioscyllium,Proto
ginglymostoma,(Palaeorhincodon,Rhincodon),Stegostoma,Pseudoginglymostoma,Nebrius,De
lpitoscyllium,Ganntouria,Hologinglymostoma),(Acanthoscyllium,Almascyllium,Hemiscylliu
m,Chiloscyllium,Mesiteia)),(Palaeobrachaelurus,Cretorectolobus,(Paraginglymostoma,Bracha
elurus,Eostegostoma,Heteroscyllium),(Cederstroemia,Orectoloboides,(Eometlaouia,Squatiscy
llium),Orectolobus,Eucrossorhinus,Sutorectus))))),Parasquatina),(Heterodontus,Paracestracio
n,Proheterodontus)),(Reifia,(Breviacanthus,(Mucrovenator,Rhomphaiodon),Palidiplospinax,S
ynechodus))),Pseudocetorhinus,Hueneichthys,Grozonodon)),Vallisia)
HEI[27]
(((((((Aegyptobatus,Tribodus),Distobatus,Glickmanodus,Reticulodus,Acrodus,Acrorhizodus,
Asteracanthus,Bdellodus),(Egertonodus,Pororhiza,Priohybodus,Thaiodus,Leptacanthus,Plano
hybodus,Secarodus,Hybodus,Meristodon,Meristodonoides,Khoratodus)),(Palaeobates,Polyacr
odus)),(Lonchidion,Lissodus,Bahariyodon,Hylaeobatis,Isanodus,Parvodus,Vectiselachos,Jiao
dontus,Diplolonchidion)),(Homalodontus,Doratodus),(Heteroptychodus,Ptychodus),Steinbach
odus,Pseudodalatias,Ostenoselache,Hubeiodus,Mukdahanodus,Raineria),(((((((((((Burnhamia,
Eomobula,(Eoplinthicus,Plinthicus),Manta,Mobula),Rhinoptera),Ixobatis,(Pucabatis,Rhombo
dus,Washakiebatis),Aetobatus,Aetomylaeus,Apocopodon,Brachyrhizodus,Garabatis,Igdabatis
,Leidybatis,Lophobatis,(Myliobatis,Pteromylaeus),Pseudaetobatus,Aktaua),(Pteroplatea,Aeto
platea,Gymnura,Jacquhermania,Ouledia),Cretomanta,Archaeomanta),((Urolophus,Trygonopte
ra,Plesiobatis),Himantura),((Potamotrygon,Plesiotrygon),(Paratrygon,Heliotrygon)),Arechia,
Aturobatis,Coupatezia,Dasyrhombodus,Delpitia,Enantiobatis,Ewingia,Heterobatis,Heterotorp
edo,Merabatis,Myliodasyatis,Phosphatodon,Meridiania,Texabatis,Viperecucullus,(Urotrygon,
Urobatis),Hypolophites,Hypolophodon,Ishaquia,Pastinachus,Taeniura,Dasyatis,Neotrygon,Pt
eroplatytrygon,Taeniurops,Urogymnus,Asterotrygon,Heliobatis),Hexatrygon),Zanobatus),(At
aktobatis,Engaibatis,Jurobatos,Microbatis,Myledaphus,Protoplatyrhina,Pseudohypolophus,Sq
uatirhina,Vascobatis,(Rhina,Rhynchobatus,((Asterodermus,Belemnobatis),Doliobatis,Iansan,I
sidobatus,Paratrygonorrhina,Rhinobatos,Rhombopterygia,Spathobatis,Aptychotrema,Trygono
rrhina,Zapteryx,Platypterix),(Platyrhina,Tethybatis,Platyrhinoidis),(Hypsobatis,Angolabatis,Y
oussoubatis),Parapalaeobates))),(((Torpedo,Eotorpedo),Hypnos),((Heteronarce,Typhlonarke,
Narke,Temera,Crassinarke,Electrolux),(Narcine,Benthobatis,Diplobatis,Discopyge),Titanonar
ke))),(((Dipturus,Raja,Malacoraja,Mafdetia,Rajorhina,Smithraja,Walteraja,Amblyraja,Brevira
ja,Dactylobatus,Dentiraja,Fenestraja,Gurgesiella,Hongeo,Insentiraja,Leucoraja,Neoraja,Okam
ejei,Rajella,Rostroraja,Zearaja),(Anacanthobatis,Sinobatis),(Psammobatis,Pseudoraja,Rioraja,
Rhinoraja,Pavoraja,Notoraja,Irolita,Brochiraja,Bathyraja,Atlantoraja,Arhynchobatis,Symptery
gia)),Cyclobatis),(Anoxypristis,Pristis,Propristis),(Cristabatis,Toarcibatis),((Onchosaurus,Puc
apristis,Schizorhiza),(Ankistrorhynchus,Borodinopristis,(Columbusia,Onchopristis),Ctenopris
tis,Dalpiazia,Ganopristis,Ischyrhiza,Libanopristis,Marckgrafia,Micropristis,Plicatopristis,Scle
rorhynchus,Kiestus,Atlanticopristis),Biropristis,Baharipristis,Renpetia,Celtipristis),Ptychotryg
on,Ptychotrygonoides,Texatrygon,Archingeayia,Duwibatis,Engolismaia,Erguitaia,Erythrobati
s,Hamrabatis,Safagaia,Tanoutia,Turoniabatis,Leiribatos,Phosphatobatis,Iberotrygon),(Pseudo
cetorhinus,Hueneichthys,Grozonodon,(((((((((((Etmopterus,Miroscyllium),Eoetmopterus,Micr
oetmopterus,Paraetmopterus,Proetmopterus),(Centroscyllium,Aculeola),Trigonognathus),((Ce
ntroselachus,Proscymnodon,(Scymnodon,Zameus),Scymnodalatias,Cretascymnus,Centroscy
mnus),(SomniosusS,SomniosusR)),(Oxynotus,Protoxynotus),((Eosqualiolus,Squaliolus,Eupro
tomicrus),Heteroscymnoides,Paraphorosoides,Acrosqualiolus,Angoumeius,Squaliodalatias,D
alatias,Isistius,Euprotomicroides,Mollisquama)),(Protocentrophorus,(Centrophorus,Deania))),
((Squalus,Cirrhigaleus,Protosqualus,Centrophoroides),Centrosqualus,Megasqualus)),(Squatin
a,Pseudorhina)),(Pristiophorus,(Ikamauius,Pliotrema))),(((Hexanchus,(Heptranchias,Paraheptr
anchias),Weltonia),Notorynchus,Notidanoides,Notidanodon,Pachyhexanchus,(Pseudonotidan
us,Welcommia)),(Chlamydoselachus,Eothrinax),Sphenodus,Paraorthacodus)),(Echinorhinus,
Gibbechinorhinus,Orthechinorhinus,Paraechinorhinus,Pseudoechinorhinus),Protospinax),(Rei
fia,(Breviacanthus,(Mucrovenator,Rhomphaiodon),Palidiplospinax,Synechodus),((Heterodont
us,Paracestracion,Proheterodontus),((Palaeorectolobus,Agaleus,Palaeocarcharias,Pseudospina
x,(Annea,Dorsetoscyllium,Folipistrix,(Phorcynis,Heterophorcynus),Ornatoscyllium,(Pararhin
codon,Cirrhoscyllium,Parascyllium),((((Ginglymostoma,Plicatoscyllium),Cantioscyllium,Prot
oginglymostoma,(Palaeorhincodon,Rhincodon),Stegostoma,Pseudoginglymostoma,Nebrius,D
elpitoscyllium,Ganntouria,Hologinglymostoma),(Acanthoscyllium,Almascyllium,Hemiscylliu
m,Chiloscyllium,Mesiteia)),(Palaeobrachaelurus,Cretorectolobus,(Paraginglymostoma,Bracha
elurus,Eostegostoma,Heteroscyllium),(Cederstroemia,Orectoloboides,(Eometlaouia,Squatiscy
llium),Orectolobus,Eucrossorhinus,Sutorectus))))),((Dwardius,Priscusurus,Eoptolamna,(Mitsu
kurina,Scapanorhynchus,Anomotodon,Striatolamia,Woellsteinia),((Acrolamna,Archaeolamna
,Cretodus,Cretoxyrhina,Dallasiela,Trigonotodus,Eostriatolamia,Paraisurus,Palaeocarcharodon
,Cretolamna,Telodontaspis),Protolamna,Leptostyrax,Pseudoscapanorhynchus),((((Carcharias,
Hispidaspis),Araloselachus),Brachycarcharias,Cenocarcharias,Glueckmanotodus,Hypotodus,J
aekelotodus,Johnlongia,(Mennerotodus,Borealotodus),Odontaspis,Orpodon,Palaeohypotodus,
Roulletia,Sylvestrilamia,Turania,Pueblocarcharias),((Alopias,Anotodus,Paranomotodon,Usaki
as),Pseudocarcharias,Megachasma),((OtodusO,OtodusC,OtodusM),Parotodus),Cardabiodon,S
erratolamna,((Galeocorax,Pseudocorax),(Ptychocorax,Nanocorax,Squalicorax,Scindocorax)),(
Cetorhinus,(((Carchariolamna,Lamna,Carcharoides),Isurolamna,(Isurus,Macrorhizodus)),(Car
charodon,Cosmopolitodus),Karaisurus,Lethenia,Xiphodolamia)))),((Bavariscyllium,Casieria,
Cretascyliorhinus,Eypea,(Foumtizia,Pachyscyllium),Macrourogaleus,Megascyliorhinus,Micro
scyliorhinus,Crassescyliorhinus,Palaeoscyllium,Platyrhizoscyllium,(PremontreiaP,Premontrei
aO),Protoscyliorhinus,Pseudoscyliorhinus,Pteroscyllium,Stenoscyllium,Schroederichthys,(((P
orodermoides,Poroderma),(Scyliorhinus,Cephaloscyllium)),(Atelomycterus,Aulohalaelurus)),
(Galeus,Bythaelurus,(Asymbolus,(Cephalurus,Parmaturus)),(Holohalaelurus,Halaelurus,Hapl
oblepharus,Prohaploblepharus),(Pentanchus,Apristurus)),(Proscyllium,Praeproscyllium,Ctena
cis,Eridacnis),((Pseudotriakis,Gollum),(Leptocharias,(Archaeotriakis,(Iago,Khouribgaleus,Go
mphogaleus,Galeorhinus,(Triakis,Scylliogaleus,Mustelus,Hemitriakis,Furgaleus,Pachygaleus,
Palaeogaleus,Paratriakis,Squatigaleus,Xystrogaleus,((Hemigaleus,Paragaleus,(Chaenogaleus,
Hemipristis),Moerigaleus),((Sphyrna,Eusphyra),((Abdounia,Tingaleus),Danogaleus,Eogaleus,
Physogaleus,(Rhizoprionodon,Scoliodon,Loxodon,Isogomphodon,(Triaenodon,((Glyphis,La
miopsis),Prionace,Nasolamia,Carcharhinus))),Kruckowlamna,Misrichthys,Negaprion,Galeoce
rdo)))))))),Figaro,Gogolia),Corysodon))))),Parasquatina))),Vallisia)
HUM[28]
(((((((Aegyptobatus,Tribodus),Distobatus,Glickmanodus,Reticulodus,Acrodus,Acrorhizodus,
Asteracanthus,Bdellodus),(Egertonodus,Pororhiza,Priohybodus,Thaiodus,Leptacanthus,Plano
hybodus,Secarodus,Hybodus,Meristodon,Meristodonoides,Khoratodus)),(Palaeobates,Polyacr
odus)),(Lonchidion,Lissodus,Bahariyodon,Hylaeobatis,Isanodus,Parvodus,Vectiselachos,Jiao
dontus,Diplolonchidion)),(Homalodontus,Doratodus),(Heteroptychodus,Ptychodus),Steinbach
odus,Pseudodalatias,Ostenoselache,Hubeiodus,Mukdahanodus,Raineria),((((((Dipturus,Raja,
Malacoraja,Mafdetia,Rajorhina,Smithraja,Walteraja,Amblyraja,Breviraja,Dactylobatus,Dentir
aja,Fenestraja,Gurgesiella,Hongeo,Insentiraja,Leucoraja,Neoraja,Okamejei,Rajella,Rostroraja
,Zearaja),(Anacanthobatis,Sinobatis),(Psammobatis,Pseudoraja,Rioraja,Rhinoraja,Pavoraja,N
otoraja,Irolita,Brochiraja,Bathyraja,Atlantoraja,Arhynchobatis,Sympterygia)),Cyclobatis),(An
oxypristis,Pristis,Propristis),(Cristabatis,Toarcibatis),((Onchosaurus,Pucapristis,Schizorhiza),(
Ankistrorhynchus,Borodinopristis,(Columbusia,Onchopristis),Ctenopristis,Dalpiazia,Ganopri
stis,Ischyrhiza,Libanopristis,Marckgrafia,Micropristis,Plicatopristis,Sclerorhynchus,Kiestus,A
tlanticopristis),Biropristis,Baharipristis,Renpetia,Celtipristis),Ptychotrygon,Ptychotrygonoides
,Texatrygon,Archingeayia,Duwibatis,Engolismaia,Erguitaia,Erythrobatis,Hamrabatis,Safagaia
,Tanoutia,Turoniabatis,Leiribatos,Phosphatobatis,Iberotrygon),((((((((Burnhamia,Eomobula,(
Eoplinthicus,Plinthicus),Manta,Mobula),Rhinoptera),Ixobatis,(Pucabatis,Rhombodus,Washak
iebatis),Aetobatus,Aetomylaeus,Apocopodon,Brachyrhizodus,Garabatis,Igdabatis,Leidybatis,
Lophobatis,(Myliobatis,Pteromylaeus),Pseudaetobatus,Aktaua),(Pteroplatea,Aetoplatea,Gymn
ura,Jacquhermania,Ouledia),Cretomanta,Archaeomanta),((Urolophus,Trygonoptera,Plesiobati
s),Himantura),((Potamotrygon,Plesiotrygon),(Paratrygon,Heliotrygon)),Arechia,Aturobatis,C
oupatezia,Dasyrhombodus,Delpitia,Enantiobatis,Ewingia,Heterobatis,Heterotorpedo,Merabati
s,Myliodasyatis,Phosphatodon,Meridiania,Texabatis,Viperecucullus,(Urotrygon,Urobatis),Hy
polophites,Hypolophodon,Ishaquia,Pastinachus,Taeniura,Dasyatis,Neotrygon,Pteroplatytrygo
n,Taeniurops,Urogymnus,Asterotrygon,Heliobatis),Hexatrygon),Zanobatus),(Ataktobatis,Eng
aibatis,Jurobatos,Microbatis,Myledaphus,Protoplatyrhina,Pseudohypolophus,Squatirhina,Vas
cobatis,(Rhina,Rhynchobatus,((Asterodermus,Belemnobatis),Doliobatis,Iansan,Isidobatus,Par
atrygonorrhina,Rhinobatos,Rhombopterygia,Spathobatis,Aptychotrema,Trygonorrhina,Zapter
yx,Platypterix),(Platyrhina,Tethybatis,Platyrhinoidis),(Hypsobatis,Angolabatis,Youssoubatis),
Parapalaeobates))),(((Torpedo,Eotorpedo),Hypnos),((Heteronarce,Typhlonarke,Narke,Temera
,Crassinarke,Electrolux),(Narcine,Benthobatis,Diplobatis,Discopyge),Titanonarke))),(((((((((((
(Etmopterus,Miroscyllium),Eoetmopterus,Microetmopterus,Paraetmopterus,Proetmopterus),(
Centroscyllium,Aculeola),Trigonognathus),((Centroselachus,Proscymnodon,(Scymnodon,Za
meus),Scymnodalatias,Cretascymnus,Centroscymnus),(SomniosusS,SomniosusR)),(Oxynotus
,Protoxynotus),((Eosqualiolus,Squaliolus,Euprotomicrus),Heteroscymnoides,Paraphorosoides
,Acrosqualiolus,Angoumeius,Squaliodalatias,Dalatias,Isistius,Euprotomicroides,Mollisquama
)),(Protocentrophorus,(Centrophorus,Deania))),((Squalus,Cirrhigaleus,Protosqualus,Centroph
oroides),Centrosqualus,Megasqualus)),((Pristiophorus,(Ikamauius,Pliotrema)),(Squatina,Pseu
dorhina))),(Heterodontus,Paracestracion,Proheterodontus)),(Palaeorectolobus,Agaleus,Palaeo
carcharias,Pseudospinax,(Annea,Dorsetoscyllium,Folipistrix,(Phorcynis,Heterophorcynus),Or
natoscyllium,(Pararhincodon,Cirrhoscyllium,Parascyllium),((((Ginglymostoma,Plicatoscylliu
m),Cantioscyllium,Protoginglymostoma,(Palaeorhincodon,Rhincodon),Stegostoma,Pseudogin
glymostoma,Nebrius,Delpitoscyllium,Ganntouria,Hologinglymostoma),(Acanthoscyllium,Al
mascyllium,Hemiscyllium,Chiloscyllium,Mesiteia)),(Palaeobrachaelurus,Cretorectolobus,(Par
aginglymostoma,Brachaelurus,Eostegostoma,Heteroscyllium),(Cederstroemia,Orectoloboides
,(Eometlaouia,Squatiscyllium),Orectolobus,Eucrossorhinus,Sutorectus))))),((Dwardius,Priscu
surus,Eoptolamna,(Mitsukurina,Scapanorhynchus,Anomotodon,Striatolamia,Woellsteinia),((
Acrolamna,Archaeolamna,Cretodus,Cretoxyrhina,Dallasiela,Trigonotodus,Eostriatolamia,Par
aisurus,Palaeocarcharodon,Cretolamna,Telodontaspis),Protolamna,Leptostyrax,Pseudoscapan
orhynchus),((((Carcharias,Hispidaspis),Araloselachus),Brachycarcharias,Cenocarcharias,Glue
ckmanotodus,Hypotodus,Jaekelotodus,Johnlongia,(Mennerotodus,Borealotodus),Odontaspis,
Orpodon,Palaeohypotodus,Roulletia,Sylvestrilamia,Turania,Pueblocarcharias),((Alopias,Anot
odus,Paranomotodon,Usakias),Pseudocarcharias,Megachasma),((OtodusO,OtodusC,OtodusM
),Parotodus),Cardabiodon,Serratolamna,((Galeocorax,Pseudocorax),(Ptychocorax,Nanocorax,
Squalicorax,Scindocorax)),(Cetorhinus,(((Carchariolamna,Lamna,Carcharoides),Isurolamna,(
Isurus,Macrorhizodus)),(Carcharodon,Cosmopolitodus),Karaisurus,Lethenia,Xiphodolamia)))
),((Bavariscyllium,Casieria,Cretascyliorhinus,Eypea,(Foumtizia,Pachyscyllium),Macrourogal
eus,Megascyliorhinus,Microscyliorhinus,Crassescyliorhinus,Palaeoscyllium,Platyrhizoscylliu
m,(PremontreiaP,PremontreiaO),Protoscyliorhinus,Pseudoscyliorhinus,Pteroscyllium,Stenosc
yllium,Schroederichthys,(((Porodermoides,Poroderma),(Scyliorhinus,Cephaloscyllium)),(Atel
omycterus,Aulohalaelurus)),(Galeus,Bythaelurus,(Asymbolus,(Cephalurus,Parmaturus)),(Hol
ohalaelurus,Halaelurus,Haploblepharus,Prohaploblepharus),(Pentanchus,Apristurus)),(Proscyl
lium,Praeproscyllium,Ctenacis,Eridacnis),((Pseudotriakis,Gollum),(Leptocharias,(Archaeotria
kis,(Iago,Khouribgaleus,Gomphogaleus,Galeorhinus,(Triakis,Scylliogaleus,Mustelus,Hemitri
akis,Furgaleus,Pachygaleus,Palaeogaleus,Paratriakis,Squatigaleus,Xystrogaleus,((Hemigaleus
,Paragaleus,(Chaenogaleus,Hemipristis),Moerigaleus),((Sphyrna,Eusphyra),((Abdounia,Tinga
leus),Danogaleus,Eogaleus,Physogaleus,(Rhizoprionodon,Scoliodon,Loxodon,Isogomphodon
,(Triaenodon,((Glyphis,Lamiopsis),Prionace,Nasolamia,Carcharhinus))),Kruckowlamna,Misri
chthys,Negaprion,Galeocerdo)))))))),Figaro,Gogolia),Corysodon)),Parasquatina),(((Hexanchu
s,(Heptranchias,Paraheptranchias),Weltonia),Notorynchus,Notidanoides,Notidanodon,Pachyh
exanchus,(Pseudonotidanus,Welcommia)),(Chlamydoselachus,Eothrinax),Sphenodus,Paraort
hacodus),(Echinorhinus,Gibbechinorhinus,Orthechinorhinus,Paraechinorhinus,Pseudoechinor
hinus),Protospinax),(Reifia,(Breviacanthus,(Mucrovenator,Rhomphaiodon),Palidiplospinax,S
ynechodus))),Pseudocetorhinus,Hueneichthys,Grozonodon)),Vallisia);
MAI[29]
(((((((Aegyptobatus,Tribodus),Distobatus,Glickmanodus,Reticulodus,Acrodus,Acrorhizodus,
Asteracanthus,Bdellodus),(Egertonodus,Pororhiza,Priohybodus,Thaiodus,Leptacanthus,Plano
hybodus,Secarodus,Hybodus,Meristodon,Meristodonoides,Khoratodus)),(Palaeobates,Polyacr
odus)),(Lonchidion,Lissodus,Bahariyodon,Hylaeobatis,Isanodus,Parvodus,Vectiselachos,Jiao
dontus,Diplolonchidion)),(Homalodontus,Doratodus),(Heteroptychodus,Ptychodus),Steinbach
odus,Pseudodalatias,Ostenoselache,Hubeiodus,Mukdahanodus,Raineria),((((((((((Burnhamia,
Eomobula,(Eoplinthicus,Plinthicus),Manta,Mobula),Rhinoptera),Ixobatis,(Pucabatis,Rhombo
dus,Washakiebatis),Aetobatus,Aetomylaeus,Apocopodon,Brachyrhizodus,Garabatis,Igdabatis
,Leidybatis,Lophobatis,(Myliobatis,Pteromylaeus),Pseudaetobatus,Aktaua),(Pteroplatea,Aeto
platea,Gymnura,Jacquhermania,Ouledia),Cretomanta,Archaeomanta),((Urolophus,Trygonopte
ra,Plesiobatis),Himantura),((Potamotrygon,Plesiotrygon),(Paratrygon,Heliotrygon)),Arechia,
Aturobatis,Coupatezia,Dasyrhombodus,Delpitia,Enantiobatis,Ewingia,Heterobatis,Heterotorp
edo,Merabatis,Myliodasyatis,Phosphatodon,Meridiania,Texabatis,Viperecucullus,(Urotrygon,
Urobatis),Hypolophites,Hypolophodon,Ishaquia,Pastinachus,Taeniura,Dasyatis,Neotrygon,Pt
eroplatytrygon,Taeniurops,Urogymnus,Asterotrygon,Heliobatis),Hexatrygon),Zanobatus),(An
oxypristis,Pristis,Propristis)),(((Torpedo,Eotorpedo),Hypnos),((Heteronarce,Typhlonarke,Nar
ke,Temera,Crassinarke,Electrolux),(Narcine,Benthobatis,Diplobatis,Discopyge),Titanonarke))
,((Ataktobatis,Engaibatis,Jurobatos,Microbatis,Myledaphus,Protoplatyrhina,Pseudohypolophu
s,Squatirhina,Vascobatis,(Rhina,Rhynchobatus,((Asterodermus,Belemnobatis),Doliobatis,Ians
an,Isidobatus,Paratrygonorrhina,Rhinobatos,Rhombopterygia,Spathobatis,Aptychotrema,Tryg
onorrhina,Zapteryx,Platypterix),(Platyrhina,Tethybatis,Platyrhinoidis),(Hypsobatis,Angolabat
is,Youssoubatis),Parapalaeobates)),(((Dipturus,Raja,Malacoraja,Mafdetia,Rajorhina,Smithraja
,Walteraja,Amblyraja,Breviraja,Dactylobatus,Dentiraja,Fenestraja,Gurgesiella,Hongeo,Insenti
raja,Leucoraja,Neoraja,Okamejei,Rajella,Rostroraja,Zearaja),(Anacanthobatis,Sinobatis),(Psa
mmobatis,Pseudoraja,Rioraja,Rhinoraja,Pavoraja,Notoraja,Irolita,Brochiraja,Bathyraja,Atlant
oraja,Arhynchobatis,Sympterygia)),Cyclobatis)),(Cristabatis,Toarcibatis),((Onchosaurus,Puca
pristis,Schizorhiza),(Ankistrorhynchus,Borodinopristis,(Columbusia,Onchopristis),Ctenopristi
s,Dalpiazia,Ganopristis,Ischyrhiza,Libanopristis,Marckgrafia,Micropristis,Plicatopristis,Scler
orhynchus,Kiestus,Atlanticopristis),Biropristis,Baharipristis,Renpetia,Celtipristis),Ptychotryg
on,Ptychotrygonoides,Texatrygon,Archingeayia,Duwibatis,Engolismaia,Erguitaia,Erythrobati
s,Hamrabatis,Safagaia,Tanoutia,Turoniabatis,Leiribatos,Phosphatobatis,Iberotrygon),(Pseudo
cetorhinus,Hueneichthys,Grozonodon,((((((((((Etmopterus,Miroscyllium),Eoetmopterus,Micr
oetmopterus,Paraetmopterus,Proetmopterus),(Centroscyllium,Aculeola),Trigonognathus),((Ce
ntroselachus,Proscymnodon,(Scymnodon,Zameus),Scymnodalatias,Cretascymnus,Centroscy
mnus),(SomniosusS,SomniosusR)),(Oxynotus,Protoxynotus),((Eosqualiolus,Squaliolus,Eupro
tomicrus),Heteroscymnoides,Paraphorosoides,Acrosqualiolus,Angoumeius,Squaliodalatias,D
alatias,Isistius,Euprotomicroides,Mollisquama)),(Protocentrophorus,(Centrophorus,Deania))),
((Squalus,Cirrhigaleus,Protosqualus,Centrophoroides),Centrosqualus,Megasqualus)),((Squati
na,Pseudorhina),(Echinorhinus,Gibbechinorhinus,Orthechinorhinus,Paraechinorhinus,Pseudo
echinorhinus))),(Pristiophorus,(Ikamauius,Pliotrema))),(((Hexanchus,(Heptranchias,Paraheptr
anchias),Weltonia),Notorynchus,Notidanoides,Notidanodon,Pachyhexanchus,(Pseudonotidan
us,Welcommia)),(Chlamydoselachus,Eothrinax),Sphenodus,Paraorthacodus),Protospinax),(Re
ifia,(Breviacanthus,(Mucrovenator,Rhomphaiodon),Palidiplospinax,Synechodus),((Heterodon
tus,Paracestracion,Proheterodontus),((Palaeorectolobus,Agaleus,Palaeocarcharias,Pseudospin
ax,(Annea,Dorsetoscyllium,Folipistrix,(Phorcynis,Heterophorcynus),Ornatoscyllium,(Pararhi
ncodon,Cirrhoscyllium,Parascyllium),((((Ginglymostoma,Plicatoscyllium),Cantioscyllium,Pr
otoginglymostoma,(Palaeorhincodon,Rhincodon),Stegostoma,Pseudoginglymostoma,Nebrius,
Delpitoscyllium,Ganntouria,Hologinglymostoma),(Acanthoscyllium,Almascyllium,Hemiscyll
ium,Chiloscyllium,Mesiteia)),(Palaeobrachaelurus,Cretorectolobus,(Paraginglymostoma,Brac
haelurus,Eostegostoma,Heteroscyllium),(Cederstroemia,Orectoloboides,(Eometlaouia,Squatis
cyllium),Orectolobus,Eucrossorhinus,Sutorectus))))),((Dwardius,Priscusurus,Eoptolamna,(Mi
tsukurina,Scapanorhynchus,Anomotodon,Striatolamia,Woellsteinia),((Acrolamna,Archaeola
mna,Cretodus,Cretoxyrhina,Dallasiela,Trigonotodus,Eostriatolamia,Paraisurus,Palaeocarchar
odon,Cretolamna,Telodontaspis),Protolamna,Leptostyrax,Pseudoscapanorhynchus),((((Carcha
rias,Hispidaspis),Araloselachus),Brachycarcharias,Cenocarcharias,Glueckmanotodus,Hypoto
dus,Jaekelotodus,Johnlongia,(Mennerotodus,Borealotodus),Odontaspis,Orpodon,Palaeohypot
odus,Roulletia,Sylvestrilamia,Turania,Pueblocarcharias),((Alopias,Anotodus,Paranomotodon,
Usakias),Pseudocarcharias,Megachasma),((OtodusO,OtodusC,OtodusM),Parotodus),Cardabio
don,Serratolamna,((Galeocorax,Pseudocorax),(Ptychocorax,Nanocorax,Squalicorax,Scindoco
rax)),(Cetorhinus,(((Carchariolamna,Lamna,Carcharoides),Isurolamna,(Isurus,Macrorhizodus
)),(Carcharodon,Cosmopolitodus),Karaisurus,Lethenia,Xiphodolamia)))),((Bavariscyllium,Ca
sieria,Cretascyliorhinus,Eypea,(Foumtizia,Pachyscyllium),Macrourogaleus,Megascyliorhinus,
Microscyliorhinus,Crassescyliorhinus,Palaeoscyllium,Platyrhizoscyllium,(PremontreiaP,Prem
ontreiaO),Protoscyliorhinus,Pseudoscyliorhinus,Pteroscyllium,Stenoscyllium,Schroederichthy
s,(((Porodermoides,Poroderma),(Scyliorhinus,Cephaloscyllium)),(Atelomycterus,Aulohalaelu
rus)),(Galeus,Bythaelurus,(Asymbolus,(Cephalurus,Parmaturus)),(Holohalaelurus,Halaelurus,
Haploblepharus,Prohaploblepharus),(Pentanchus,Apristurus)),(Proscyllium,Praeproscyllium,
Ctenacis,Eridacnis),((Pseudotriakis,Gollum),(Leptocharias,(Archaeotriakis,(Iago,Khouribgale
us,Gomphogaleus,Galeorhinus,(Triakis,Scylliogaleus,Mustelus,Hemitriakis,Furgaleus,Pachyg
aleus,Palaeogaleus,Paratriakis,Squatigaleus,Xystrogaleus,((Hemigaleus,Paragaleus,(Chaenoga
leus,Hemipristis),Moerigaleus),((Sphyrna,Eusphyra),((Abdounia,Tingaleus),Danogaleus,Eoga
leus,Physogaleus,(Rhizoprionodon,Scoliodon,Loxodon,Isogomphodon,(Triaenodon,((Glyphis
,Lamiopsis),Prionace,Nasolamia,Carcharhinus))),Kruckowlamna,Misrichthys,Negaprion,Gale
ocerdo)))))))),Figaro,Gogolia),Corysodon))))),Parasquatina))),Vallisia)
MAW[30]
(((((((Aegyptobatus,Tribodus),Distobatus,Glickmanodus,Reticulodus,Acrodus,Acrorhizodus,
Asteracanthus,Bdellodus),(Egertonodus,Pororhiza,Priohybodus,Thaiodus,Leptacanthus,Plano
hybodus,Secarodus,Hybodus,Meristodon,Meristodonoides,Khoratodus)),(Palaeobates,Polyacr
odus)),(Lonchidion,Lissodus,Bahariyodon,Hylaeobatis,Isanodus,Parvodus,Vectiselachos,Jiao
dontus,Diplolonchidion)),(Homalodontus,Doratodus),(Heteroptychodus,Ptychodus),Steinbach
odus,Pseudodalatias,Ostenoselache,Hubeiodus,Mukdahanodus,Raineria),(((((((((((Burnhamia,
Eomobula,(Eoplinthicus,Plinthicus),Manta,Mobula),Rhinoptera),Ixobatis,(Pucabatis,Rhombo
dus,Washakiebatis),Aetobatus,Aetomylaeus,Apocopodon,Brachyrhizodus,Garabatis,Igdabatis
,Leidybatis,Lophobatis,(Myliobatis,Pteromylaeus),Pseudaetobatus,Aktaua),(Pteroplatea,Aeto
platea,Gymnura,Jacquhermania,Ouledia),Cretomanta,Archaeomanta),((Urolophus,Trygonopte
ra,Plesiobatis),Himantura),((Potamotrygon,Plesiotrygon),(Paratrygon,Heliotrygon)),Arechia,
Aturobatis,Coupatezia,Dasyrhombodus,Delpitia,Enantiobatis,Ewingia,Heterobatis,Heterotorp
edo,Merabatis,Myliodasyatis,Phosphatodon,Meridiania,Texabatis,Viperecucullus,(Urotrygon,
Urobatis),Hypolophites,Hypolophodon,Ishaquia,Pastinachus,Taeniura,Dasyatis,Neotrygon,Pt
eroplatytrygon,Taeniurops,Urogymnus,Asterotrygon,Heliobatis),Hexatrygon),Zanobatus),(At
aktobatis,Engaibatis,Jurobatos,Microbatis,Myledaphus,Protoplatyrhina,Pseudohypolophus,Sq
uatirhina,Vascobatis,(Rhina,Rhynchobatus,((Asterodermus,Belemnobatis),Doliobatis,Iansan,I
sidobatus,Paratrygonorrhina,Rhinobatos,Rhombopterygia,Spathobatis,Aptychotrema,Trygono
rrhina,Zapteryx,Platypterix),(Platyrhina,Tethybatis,Platyrhinoidis),(Hypsobatis,Angolabatis,Y
oussoubatis),Parapalaeobates))),(((Torpedo,Eotorpedo),Hypnos),((Heteronarce,Typhlonarke,
Narke,Temera,Crassinarke,Electrolux),(Narcine,Benthobatis,Diplobatis,Discopyge),Titanonar
ke))),(((Dipturus,Raja,Malacoraja,Mafdetia,Rajorhina,Smithraja,Walteraja,Amblyraja,Brevira
ja,Dactylobatus,Dentiraja,Fenestraja,Gurgesiella,Hongeo,Insentiraja,Leucoraja,Neoraja,Okam
ejei,Rajella,Rostroraja,Zearaja),(Anacanthobatis,Sinobatis),(Psammobatis,Pseudoraja,Rioraja,
Rhinoraja,Pavoraja,Notoraja,Irolita,Brochiraja,Bathyraja,Atlantoraja,Arhynchobatis,Symptery
gia)),Cyclobatis),(Anoxypristis,Pristis,Propristis),(Cristabatis,Toarcibatis),((Onchosaurus,Puc
apristis,Schizorhiza),(Ankistrorhynchus,Borodinopristis,(Columbusia,Onchopristis),Ctenopris
tis,Dalpiazia,Ganopristis,Ischyrhiza,Libanopristis,Marckgrafia,Micropristis,Plicatopristis,Scle
rorhynchus,Kiestus,Atlanticopristis),Biropristis,Baharipristis,Renpetia,Celtipristis),Ptychotryg
on,Ptychotrygonoides,Texatrygon,Archingeayia,Duwibatis,Engolismaia,Erguitaia,Erythrobati
s,Hamrabatis,Safagaia,Tanoutia,Turoniabatis,Leiribatos,Phosphatobatis,Iberotrygon),(Pseudo
cetorhinus,Hueneichthys,Grozonodon,(((((((((((Etmopterus,Miroscyllium),Eoetmopterus,Micr
oetmopterus,Paraetmopterus,Proetmopterus),(Centroscyllium,Aculeola),Trigonognathus),((Ce
ntroselachus,Proscymnodon,(Scymnodon,Zameus),Scymnodalatias,Cretascymnus,Centroscy
mnus),(SomniosusS,SomniosusR)),(Oxynotus,Protoxynotus),((Eosqualiolus,Squaliolus,Eupro
tomicrus),Heteroscymnoides,Paraphorosoides,Acrosqualiolus,Angoumeius,Squaliodalatias,D
alatias,Isistius,Euprotomicroides,Mollisquama)),(Protocentrophorus,(Centrophorus,Deania))),
((Squalus,Cirrhigaleus,Protosqualus,Centrophoroides),Centrosqualus,Megasqualus)),(Squatin
a,Pseudorhina)),(Pristiophorus,(Ikamauius,Pliotrema))),(Heterodontus,Paracestracion,Proheter
odontus)),(Echinorhinus,Gibbechinorhinus,Orthechinorhinus,Paraechinorhinus,Pseudoechinor
hinus),(((Hexanchus,(Heptranchias,Paraheptranchias),Weltonia),Notorynchus,Notidanoides,N
otidanodon,Pachyhexanchus,(Pseudonotidanus,Welcommia)),(Chlamydoselachus,Eothrinax),
Sphenodus,Paraorthacodus),Protospinax),(((Dwardius,Priscusurus,Eoptolamna,(Mitsukurina,
Scapanorhynchus,Anomotodon,Striatolamia,Woellsteinia),((Acrolamna,Archaeolamna,Cretod
us,Cretoxyrhina,Dallasiela,Trigonotodus,Eostriatolamia,Paraisurus,Palaeocarcharodon,Cretol
amna,Telodontaspis),Protolamna,Leptostyrax,Pseudoscapanorhynchus),((((Carcharias,Hispid
aspis),Araloselachus),Brachycarcharias,Cenocarcharias,Glueckmanotodus,Hypotodus,Jaekelo
todus,Johnlongia,(Mennerotodus,Borealotodus),Odontaspis,Orpodon,Palaeohypotodus,Roulle
tia,Sylvestrilamia,Turania,Pueblocarcharias),((Alopias,Anotodus,Paranomotodon,Usakias),Ps
eudocarcharias,Megachasma),((OtodusO,OtodusC,OtodusM),Parotodus),Cardabiodon,Serrato
lamna,((Galeocorax,Pseudocorax),(Ptychocorax,Nanocorax,Squalicorax,Scindocorax)),(Cetor
hinus,(((Carchariolamna,Lamna,Carcharoides),Isurolamna,(Isurus,Macrorhizodus)),(Carcharo
don,Cosmopolitodus),Karaisurus,Lethenia,Xiphodolamia)))),(Palaeorectolobus,Agaleus,Palae
ocarcharias,Pseudospinax,(Annea,Dorsetoscyllium,Folipistrix,(Phorcynis,Heterophorcynus),O
rnatoscyllium,(Pararhincodon,Cirrhoscyllium,Parascyllium),((((Ginglymostoma,Plicatoscylliu
m),Cantioscyllium,Protoginglymostoma,(Palaeorhincodon,Rhincodon),Stegostoma,Pseudogin
glymostoma,Nebrius,Delpitoscyllium,Ganntouria,Hologinglymostoma),(Acanthoscyllium,Al
mascyllium,Hemiscyllium,Chiloscyllium,Mesiteia)),(Palaeobrachaelurus,Cretorectolobus,(Par
aginglymostoma,Brachaelurus,Eostegostoma,Heteroscyllium),(Cederstroemia,Orectoloboides
,(Eometlaouia,Squatiscyllium),Orectolobus,Eucrossorhinus,Sutorectus)))))),((Bavariscyllium,
Casieria,Cretascyliorhinus,Eypea,(Foumtizia,Pachyscyllium),Macrourogaleus,Megascyliorhin
us,Microscyliorhinus,Crassescyliorhinus,Palaeoscyllium,Platyrhizoscyllium,(PremontreiaP,Pr
emontreiaO),Protoscyliorhinus,Pseudoscyliorhinus,Pteroscyllium,Stenoscyllium,Schroederich
thys,(((Porodermoides,Poroderma),(Scyliorhinus,Cephaloscyllium)),(Atelomycterus,Aulohala
elurus)),(Galeus,Bythaelurus,(Asymbolus,(Cephalurus,Parmaturus)),(Holohalaelurus,Halaelur
us,Haploblepharus,Prohaploblepharus),(Pentanchus,Apristurus)),(Proscyllium,Praeproscylliu
m,Ctenacis,Eridacnis),((Pseudotriakis,Gollum),(Leptocharias,(Archaeotriakis,(Iago,Khouribg
aleus,Gomphogaleus,Galeorhinus,(Triakis,Scylliogaleus,Mustelus,Hemitriakis,Furgaleus,Pac
hygaleus,Palaeogaleus,Paratriakis,Squatigaleus,Xystrogaleus,((Hemigaleus,Paragaleus,(Chae
nogaleus,Hemipristis),Moerigaleus),((Sphyrna,Eusphyra),((Abdounia,Tingaleus),Danogaleus,
Eogaleus,Physogaleus,(Rhizoprionodon,Scoliodon,Loxodon,Isogomphodon,(Triaenodon,((Gl
yphis,Lamiopsis),Prionace,Nasolamia,Carcharhinus))),Kruckowlamna,Misrichthys,Negaprion
,Galeocerdo)))))))),Figaro,Gogolia),Corysodon)),Parasquatina,(Breviacanthus,(Mucrovenator,
Rhomphaiodon),Palidiplospinax,Synechodus),Reifia))),Vallisia)
MAW-m[16,30]
(Vallisia,(((((((((((Burnhamia,Eomobula,(Eoplinthicus,Plinthicus),Manta,Mobula),Rhinoptera
),Ixobatis,(Pucabatis,Rhombodus,Washakiebatis),Aetobatus,Aetomylaeus,Apocopodon,Brach
yrhizodus,Garabatis,Igdabatis,Leidybatis,Lophobatis,(Myliobatis,Pteromylaeus),Pseudaetobat
us,Aktaua),(Pteroplatea,Aetoplatea,Gymnura,Jacquhermania,Ouledia),Cretomanta,Archaeom
anta),((Urolophus,Trygonoptera,Plesiobatis),Himantura),((Potamotrygon,Plesiotrygon),(Paratr
ygon,Heliotrygon)),Arechia,Aturobatis,Coupatezia,Dasyrhombodus,Delpitia,Enantiobatis,Ewi
ngia,Heterobatis,Heterotorpedo,Merabatis,Myliodasyatis,Phosphatodon,Meridiania,Texabatis,
Viperecucullus,(Urotrygon,Urobatis),Hypolophites,Hypolophodon,Ishaquia,Pastinachus,Taen
iura,Dasyatis,Neotrygon,Pteroplatytrygon,Taeniurops,Urogymnus,Asterotrygon,Heliobatis),H
exatrygon),Zanobatus),(Ataktobatis,Engaibatis,Jurobatos,Microbatis,Myledaphus,Protoplatyr
hina,Pseudohypolophus,Squatirhina,Vascobatis,(Rhina,Rhynchobatus,((Asterodermus,Belem
nobatis),Doliobatis,Iansan,Isidobatus,Paratrygonorrhina,Rhinobatos,Rhombopterygia,Spathob
atis,Aptychotrema,Trygonorrhina,Zapteryx,Platypterix),(Platyrhina,Tethybatis,Platyrhinoidis)
,(Hypsobatis,Angolabatis,Youssoubatis),Parapalaeobates))),(((Torpedo,Eotorpedo),Hypnos),(
(Heteronarce,Typhlonarke,Narke,Temera,Crassinarke,Electrolux),(Narcine,Benthobatis,Diplo
batis,Discopyge),Titanonarke))),(((Dipturus,Raja,Malacoraja,Mafdetia,Rajorhina,Smithraja,W
alteraja,Amblyraja,Breviraja,Dactylobatus,Dentiraja,Fenestraja,Gurgesiella,Hongeo,Insentiraj
a,Leucoraja,Neoraja,Okamejei,Rajella,Rostroraja,Zearaja),(Anacanthobatis,Sinobatis),(Psam
mobatis,Pseudoraja,Rioraja,Rhinoraja,Pavoraja,Notoraja,Irolita,Brochiraja,Bathyraja,Atlantor
aja,Arhynchobatis,Sympterygia)),Cyclobatis),(Anoxypristis,Pristis,Propristis),(Cristabatis,Toa
rcibatis),((Onchosaurus,Pucapristis,Schizorhiza),(Ankistrorhynchus,Borodinopristis,(Columb
usia,Onchopristis),Ctenopristis,Dalpiazia,Ganopristis,Ischyrhiza,Libanopristis,Marckgrafia,M
icropristis,Plicatopristis,Sclerorhynchus,Kiestus,Atlanticopristis),Biropristis,Baharipristis,Ren
petia,Celtipristis),Ptychotrygon,Ptychotrygonoides,Texatrygon,Archingeayia,Duwibatis,Engol
ismaia,Erguitaia,Erythrobatis,Hamrabatis,Safagaia,Tanoutia,Turoniabatis,Leiribatos,Phosphat
obatis,Iberotrygon),(Pseudocetorhinus,Hueneichthys,Grozonodon,(((((((((Etmopterus,Miroscy
llium),Eoetmopterus,Microetmopterus,Paraetmopterus,Proetmopterus),(Centroscyllium,Acule
ola),Trigonognathus),((Centroselachus,Proscymnodon,(Scymnodon,Zameus),Scymnodalatias,
Cretascymnus,Centroscymnus),(SomniosusS,SomniosusR)),(Oxynotus,Protoxynotus),((Eosqu
aliolus,Squaliolus,Euprotomicrus),Heteroscymnoides,Paraphorosoides,Acrosqualiolus,Angou
meius,Squaliodalatias,Dalatias,Isistius,Euprotomicroides,Mollisquama)),(Protocentrophorus,(
Centrophorus,Deania))),((Squalus,Cirrhigaleus,Protosqualus,Centrophoroides),Centrosqualus,
Megasqualus)),((Pristiophorus,(Ikamauius,Pliotrema)),(Squatina,Pseudorhina))),(Echinorhinu
s,Gibbechinorhinus,Orthechinorhinus,Paraechinorhinus,Pseudoechinorhinus),(((Hexanchus,(
Heptranchias,Paraheptranchias),Weltonia),Notorynchus,Notidanoides,Notidanodon,Pachyhex
anchus,(Pseudonotidanus,Welcommia)),(Chlamydoselachus,Eothrinax),Sphenodus,Paraorthac
odus),Protospinax),(Reifia,(Breviacanthus,(Mucrovenator,Rhomphaiodon),Palidiplospinax,Sy
nechodus),((Heterodontus,Paracestracion,Proheterodontus),(((Palaeorectolobus,Agaleus,Palae
ocarcharias,Pseudospinax,(Annea,Dorsetoscyllium,Folipistrix,(Phorcynis,Heterophorcynus),O
rnatoscyllium,(Pararhincodon,Cirrhoscyllium,Parascyllium),((((Ginglymostoma,Plicatoscylliu
m),Cantioscyllium,Protoginglymostoma,(Palaeorhincodon,Rhincodon),Stegostoma,Pseudogin
glymostoma,Nebrius,Delpitoscyllium,Ganntouria,Hologinglymostoma),(Acanthoscyllium,Al
mascyllium,Hemiscyllium,Chiloscyllium,Mesiteia)),(Palaeobrachaelurus,Cretorectolobus,(Par
aginglymostoma,Brachaelurus,Eostegostoma,Heteroscyllium),(Cederstroemia,Orectoloboides
,(Eometlaouia,Squatiscyllium),Orectolobus,Eucrossorhinus,Sutorectus))))),((Bavariscyllium,
Casieria,Cretascyliorhinus,Eypea,(Foumtizia,Pachyscyllium),Macrourogaleus,Megascyliorhin
us,Microscyliorhinus,Crassescyliorhinus,Palaeoscyllium,Platyrhizoscyllium,(PremontreiaP,Pr
emontreiaO),Protoscyliorhinus,Pseudoscyliorhinus,Pteroscyllium,Stenoscyllium,Schroederich
thys,(((Porodermoides,Poroderma),(Scyliorhinus,Cephaloscyllium)),(Atelomycterus,Aulohala
elurus)),(Galeus,Bythaelurus,(Asymbolus,(Cephalurus,Parmaturus)),(Holohalaelurus,Halaelur
us,Haploblepharus,Prohaploblepharus),(Pentanchus,Apristurus)),(Proscyllium,Praeproscylliu
m,Ctenacis,Eridacnis),((Pseudotriakis,Gollum),(Leptocharias,(Archaeotriakis,(Iago,Khouribg
aleus,Gomphogaleus,Galeorhinus,(Triakis,Scylliogaleus,Mustelus,Hemitriakis,Furgaleus,Pac
hygaleus,Palaeogaleus,Paratriakis,Squatigaleus,Xystrogaleus,((Hemigaleus,Paragaleus,(Chae
nogaleus,Hemipristis),Moerigaleus),((Sphyrna,Eusphyra),((Abdounia,Tingaleus),Danogaleus,
Eogaleus,Physogaleus,(Rhizoprionodon,Scoliodon,Loxodon,Isogomphodon,(Triaenodon,((Gl
yphis,Lamiopsis),Prionace,Nasolamia,Carcharhinus))),Kruckowlamna,Misrichthys,Negaprion
,Galeocerdo)))))))),Figaro,Gogolia),Corysodon)),(Dwardius,Priscusurus,Eoptolamna,(Mitsuk
urina,Scapanorhynchus,Anomotodon,Striatolamia,Woellsteinia),((Acrolamna,Archaeolamna,
Cretodus,Cretoxyrhina,Dallasiela,Trigonotodus,Eostriatolamia,Paraisurus,Palaeocarcharodon,
Cretolamna,Telodontaspis),Protolamna,Leptostyrax,Pseudoscapanorhynchus),((((Carcharias,
Hispidaspis),Araloselachus),Brachycarcharias,Cenocarcharias,Glueckmanotodus,Hypotodus,J
aekelotodus,Johnlongia,(Mennerotodus,Borealotodus),Odontaspis,Orpodon,Palaeohypotodus,
Roulletia,Sylvestrilamia,Turania,Pueblocarcharias),((Alopias,Anotodus,Paranomotodon,Usaki
as),Pseudocarcharias,Megachasma),((OtodusO,OtodusC,OtodusM),Parotodus),Cardabiodon,S
erratolamna,((Galeocorax,Pseudocorax),(Ptychocorax,Nanocorax,Squalicorax,Scindocorax)),(
Cetorhinus,(((Carchariolamna,Lamna,Carcharoides),Isurolamna,(Isurus,Macrorhizodus)),(Car
charodon,Cosmopolitodus),Karaisurus,Lethenia,Xiphodolamia))))))),Parasquatina))),((((((Aeg
yptobatus,Tribodus),Distobatus,Glickmanodus,Reticulodus,Acrodus,Acrorhizodus,Asteracant
hus,Bdellodus),(Egertonodus,Pororhiza,Priohybodus,Thaiodus,Leptacanthus,Planohybodus,S
ecarodus,Hybodus,Meristodon,Meristodonoides,Khoratodus)),(Palaeobates,Polyacrodus)),(Lo
nchidion,Lissodus,Bahariyodon,Hylaeobatis,Isanodus,Parvodus,Vectiselachos,Jiaodontus,Dip
lolonchidion)),(Homalodontus,Doratodus),(Heteroptychodus,Ptychodus),Steinbachodus,Pseu
dodalatias,Ostenoselache,Hubeiodus,Mukdahanodus,Raineria))
NAY[31]
(((((((Aegyptobatus,Tribodus),Distobatus,Glickmanodus,Reticulodus,Acrodus,Acrorhizodus,
Asteracanthus,Bdellodus),(Egertonodus,Pororhiza,Priohybodus,Thaiodus,Leptacanthus,Plano
hybodus,Secarodus,Hybodus,Meristodon,Meristodonoides,Khoratodus)),(Palaeobates,Polyacr
odus)),(Lonchidion,Lissodus,Bahariyodon,Hylaeobatis,Isanodus,Parvodus,Vectiselachos,Jiao
dontus,Diplolonchidion)),(Homalodontus,Doratodus),(Heteroptychodus,Ptychodus),Steinbach
odus,Pseudodalatias,Ostenoselache,Hubeiodus,Mukdahanodus,Raineria),(((((Pteroplatea,Aeto
platea,Gymnura,Jacquhermania,Ouledia),(Trygonoptera,Urolophus),Plesiobatis,Hexatrygon),(
((Potamotrygon,Plesiotrygon),(Paratrygon,Heliotrygon)),(Urotrygon,Urobatis),Arechia,Aturo
batis,Coupatezia,Dasyrhombodus,Delpitia,Enantiobatis,Ewingia,Heterobatis,Heterotorpedo,M
erabatis,Myliodasyatis,Phosphatodon,Meridiania,Texabatis,Viperecucullus,Hypolophodon,Ne
otrygon,(Asterotrygon,Dasyatis,Heliobatis,Himantura,Hypolophites,Ishaquia,Pastinachus,Pter
oplatytrygon,Urogymnus,Taeniurops,Taeniura)),(((Burnhamia,Eomobula,(Eoplinthicus,Plinth
icus),Manta,Mobula),Rhinoptera),Ixobatis,(Pucabatis,Rhombodus,Washakiebatis),Aetobatus,
Aetomylaeus,Apocopodon,Brachyrhizodus,Garabatis,Igdabatis,Leidybatis,Lophobatis,(Mylio
batis,Pteromylaeus),Pseudaetobatus,Aktaua),Archaeomanta,Cretomanta),((((Dipturus,Raja,M
alacoraja,Mafdetia,Rajorhina,Smithraja,Walteraja,Amblyraja,Breviraja,Dactylobatus,Dentiraj
a,Fenestraja,Gurgesiella,Hongeo,Insentiraja,Leucoraja,Neoraja,Okamejei,Rajella,Rostroraja,Z
earaja),(Psammobatis,Pseudoraja,Rioraja,Rhinoraja,Pavoraja,Notoraja,Irolita,Brochiraja,Bath
yraja,Atlantoraja,Arhynchobatis,Sympterygia)),(Anacanthobatis,Sinobatis)),Cyclobatis),((Het
eronarce,Typhlonarke,Narke,Temera,Crassinarke,Electrolux),(Narcine,Benthobatis,Diplobatis
,Discopyge),Titanonarke,(Torpedo,Eotorpedo),Hypnos),Ataktobatis,Engaibatis,Jurobatos,Mic
robatis,Myledaphus,Protoplatyrhina,Pseudohypolophus,Squatirhina,Vascobatis,(Rhina,Rhync
hobatus),(Platyrhina,Tethybatis,Platyrhinoidis),(Hypsobatis,Angolabatis,Youssoubatis),Parap
alaeobates,(Asterodermus,Belemnobatis),Doliobatis,Iansan,Isidobatus,Paratrygonorrhina,Rho
mbopterygia,Spathobatis,(Trygonorrhina,(Zapteryx,Aptychotrema)),Platypterix,Zanobatus,(C
ristabatis,Toarcibatis),Rhinobatos,Anoxypristis,Pristis,Propristis,((Onchosaurus,Pucapristis,Sc
hizorhiza),(Ankistrorhynchus,Borodinopristis,(Columbusia,Onchopristis),Ctenopristis,Dalpia
zia,Ganopristis,Ischyrhiza,Libanopristis,Marckgrafia,Micropristis,Plicatopristis,Sclerorhynch
us,Kiestus,Atlanticopristis),Biropristis,Baharipristis,Renpetia,Celtipristis),Ptychotrygon,Ptych
otrygonoides,Texatrygon,Archingeayia,Duwibatis,Engolismaia,Erguitaia,Erythrobatis,Hamra
batis,Safagaia,Tanoutia,Turoniabatis,Leiribatos,Phosphatobatis,Iberotrygon),((Parasquatina,((
(((((Eosqualiolus,Squaliolus,Euprotomicrus),Heteroscymnoides,Paraphorosoides,Acrosqualiol
us,Angoumeius,Squaliodalatias,(Isistius,Dalatias),Euprotomicroides,Mollisquama),((Squalus,
Cirrhigaleus,Protosqualus,Centrophoroides),Centrosqualus,Megasqualus)),(((Oxynotus,Proto
xynotus),Proscymnodon,Scymnodalatias,Cretascymnus,Centroscymnus,Scymnodon,(Zameus,
Centroselachus)),(SomniosusS,SomniosusR)),((Eoetmopterus,Microetmopterus,Paraetmopter
us,Proetmopterus,Etmopterus,Miroscyllium),(Trigonognathus,Centroscyllium),Aculeola)),(Pr
otocentrophorus,(Centrophorus,Deania))),(((Pristiophorus,(Ikamauius,Pliotrema)),(Squatina,P
seudorhina)),(Echinorhinus,Gibbechinorhinus,Orthechinorhinus,Paraechinorhinus,Pseudoechi
norhinus))),Protospinax,((Chlamydoselachus,Eothrinax),Sphenodus,Paraorthacodus,((Hexanc
hus,Weltonia,Heptranchias,Paraheptranchias),Notorynchus,Notidanoides,Notidanodon,Pachy
hexanchus),(Pseudonotidanus,Welcommia))),((Breviacanthus,(Mucrovenator,Rhomphaiodon)
,Palidiplospinax,Synechodus),Reifia,((Heterodontus,Paracestracion,Proheterodontus),((((((Ac
anthoscyllium,Almascyllium,Hemiscyllium,Chiloscyllium,Mesiteia),((Ginglymostoma,Plicat
oscyllium),Cantioscyllium,Protoginglymostoma,(Palaeorhincodon,Rhincodon),Stegostoma,Ps
eudoginglymostoma,Nebrius,Delpitoscyllium,Ganntouria,Hologinglymostoma)),(Palaeobrach
aelurus,Cretorectolobus,(Paraginglymostoma,Brachaelurus,Eostegostoma,Heteroscyllium),(C
ederstroemia,Orectoloboides,(Eometlaouia,Squatiscyllium),Orectolobus,Eucrossorhinus,Sutor
ectus))),(Pararhincodon,Cirrhoscyllium,Parascyllium),Annea,Dorsetoscyllium,Folipistrix,(Ph
orcynis,Heterophorcynus),Ornatoscyllium),Agaleus,Palaeorectolobus,Palaeocarcharias,Pseud
ospinax),((Dwardius,Priscusurus,Eoptolamna,(Mitsukurina,Scapanorhynchus,Anomotodon,St
riatolamia,Woellsteinia),((Acrolamna,Archaeolamna,Cretodus,Cretoxyrhina,Dallasiela,Trigon
otodus,Eostriatolamia,Paraisurus,Palaeocarcharodon,Cretolamna,Telodontaspis),Protolamna,
Leptostyrax,Pseudoscapanorhynchus),((((Carcharias,Hispidaspis),Araloselachus),Brachycarch
arias,Cenocarcharias,Glueckmanotodus,Hypotodus,Jaekelotodus,Johnlongia,(Mennerotodus,B
orealotodus),Odontaspis,Orpodon,Palaeohypotodus,Roulletia,Sylvestrilamia,Turania,Puebloc
archarias),(Pseudocarcharias,Megachasma,Alopias,Anotodus,Paranomotodon,Usakias),((Otod
usO,OtodusC,OtodusM),Parotodus),Cardabiodon,Serratolamna,((Galeocorax,Pseudocorax),(P
tychocorax,Nanocorax,Squalicorax,Scindocorax)),(Cetorhinus,(Carcharodon,Cosmopolitodus
),Karaisurus,Lethenia,Xiphodolamia,(Carchariolamna,Lamna,Carcharoides),Isurolamna,(Isur
us,Macrorhizodus)))),((Iago,Khouribgaleus,Gomphogaleus,Galeorhinus,Triakis,Scylliogaleus,
Mustelus,(Hemitriakis,Furgaleus),Pachygaleus,Palaeogaleus,Paratriakis,Squatigaleus,Xystrog
aleus,(Leptocharias,((Hemigaleus,Paragaleus,(Chaenogaleus,Hemipristis),Moerigaleus),((Sph
yrna,Eusphyra),((((Scoliodon,Loxodon),Rhizoprionodon),((Triaenodon,Nasolamia,Prionace,C
archarhinus),Isogomphodon),(Glyphis,Lamiopsis),Negaprion),Kruckowlamna,Misrichthys,Ga
leocerdo,(Abdounia,Tingaleus),Danogaleus,Eogaleus,Physogaleus)))),Archaeotriakis),(((Poro
dermoides,Poroderma),Scyliorhinus),Cephaloscyllium),Parmaturus,Galeus,(Pentanchus,Apris
turus),Proscyllium,Praeproscyllium,Ctenacis,((Pseudotriakis,Gollum),Eridacnis),Bavariscylliu
m,Casieria,Cretascyliorhinus,Eypea,(Foumtizia,Pachyscyllium),Macrourogaleus,Megascylior
hinus,Microscyliorhinus,Crassescyliorhinus,Palaeoscyllium,Platyrhizoscyllium,(PremontreiaP
,PremontreiaO),Protoscyliorhinus,Pseudoscyliorhinus,Pteroscyllium,Stenoscyllium,((Figaro,
Asymbolus),Bythaelurus),Gogolia,Schroederichthys,Atelomycterus,Aulohalaelurus,(Halaelur
us,Haploblepharus,Prohaploblepharus),Holohalaelurus,Cephalurus,Corysodon)))))),Pseudocet
orhinus,Hueneichthys,Grozonodon,Vallisia)))
Family-level phylogenies:
DOU[30]
(((Lonchidiidae,(Polyacrodontidae,(Hybodontidae,(Acrodontidae,Distobatidae)))),Ostenosela
chidae,Ptychodontidae,Steinbachodontidae,Pseudodalatiidae,Waipitiodidae),((((((((Rhinopteri
dae,Mobulidae),Rhombodontidae,Myliobatidae),Gymnuridae),(Urolophidae,Plesiobatidae),Po
tamotrygonidae,Dasyatidae,Urotrygonidae),Hexatrygonidae)),((Narkidae,Narcinidae),(Torped
inidae,Hypnidae)),Pristidae,Archaeobatidae,Sclerorhynchidae,((Rhynchobatidae,Rhinidae,Rhi
nobatidae,Platyrhinidae,Parapalaeobatidae,Hypsobatidae)),((Anacanthobatidae,Rajidae,Arhyn
chobatidae),Cyclobatidae)),((((((((Squalidae,(Centrophoridae,Etmopteridae,Dalatiidae,Oxynot
idae,Somniosidae)),(Pristiophoridae,Squatinidae)),(Chlamydoselachidae,Orthacodontidae,Par
aorthacodontidae,Pseudonotidanidae,(Heptranchidae,Hexanchidae)),Echinorhinidae,Protospin
acidae),((Eoptolamnidae,(Paraisuridae,Pseudoscapanorhynchidae,Cretoxyrhinidae,Archaeola
mnidae),Mitsukurinidae,((Alopiidae,Pseudocarchariidae,Megachasmidae),Odontaspididae,Ot
odontidae,Cardabiodontidae,Serratolamnidae,(Anacoracidae,Pseudocoracidae),(Lamnidae,Cet
orhinidae))),((Scyliorhinidae,((Proscylliidae,Pseudotriakidae),(Leptochariidae,(Triakidae,(He
migaleidae,(Sphyrnidae,Carcharhinidae))))))))),((Parascylliidae,((Orectolobidae,Brachaelurid
ae),(Hemiscylliidae,(Rhincodontidae,Stegostomatidae,Ginglymostomatidae)))),Agaleidae)),H
eterodontidae),Palaeospinacidae))))
HEI[31]
(((Lonchidiidae,(Polyacrodontidae,(Hybodontidae,(Acrodontidae,Distobatidae)))),Ostenosela
chidae,Ptychodontidae,Steinbachodontidae,Pseudodalatiidae,Waipitiodidae),((((((((((Rhinopte
ridae,Mobulidae),Rhombodontidae,Myliobatidae),Gymnuridae),(Urolophidae,Plesiobatidae),
Potamotrygonidae,Dasyatidae,Urotrygonidae),Hexatrygonidae)),((Rhynchobatidae,Rhinidae,
Rhinobatidae,Platyrhinidae,Parapalaeobatidae,Hypsobatidae))),((Narkidae,Narcinidae),(Torpe
dinidae,Hypnidae))),((Anacanthobatidae,Rajidae,Arhynchobatidae),Cyclobatidae),Pristidae,A
rchaeobatidae,Sclerorhynchidae),(((Echinorhinidae,Protospinacidae,(((Squalidae,(Centrophori
dae,Etmopteridae,Dalatiidae,Oxynotidae,Somniosidae)),Squatinidae),Pristiophoridae),(Chlam
ydoselachidae,Orthacodontidae,Paraorthacodontidae,Pseudonotidanidae,(Heptranchidae,Hexa
nchidae))),(Palaeospinacidae,(Heterodontidae,(((Parascylliidae,((Orectolobidae,Brachaelurida
e),(Hemiscylliidae,(Rhincodontidae,Stegostomatidae,Ginglymostomatidae)))),Agaleidae),((E
optolamnidae,(Paraisuridae,Pseudoscapanorhynchidae,Cretoxyrhinidae,Archaeolamnidae),Mi
tsukurinidae,((Alopiidae,Pseudocarchariidae,Megachasmidae),Odontaspididae,Otodontidae,C
ardabiodontidae,Serratolamnidae,(Anacoracidae,Pseudocoracidae),(Lamnidae,Cetorhinidae)))
,((Scyliorhinidae,((Proscylliidae,Pseudotriakidae),(Leptochariidae,(Triakidae,(Hemigaleidae,(
Sphyrnidae,Carcharhinidae)))))))))))))))
HUM[32]
(((Lonchidiidae,(Polyacrodontidae,(Hybodontidae,(Acrodontidae,Distobatidae)))),Ostenosela
chidae,Ptychodontidae,Steinbachodontidae,Pseudodalatiidae,Waipitiodidae),(((((((((Rhinopter
idae,Mobulidae),Rhombodontidae,Myliobatidae),Gymnuridae),(Urolophidae,Plesiobatidae),P
otamotrygonidae,Dasyatidae,Urotrygonidae),Hexatrygonidae)),((Anacanthobatidae,Rajidae,A
rhynchobatidae),Cyclobatidae)),((Narkidae,Narcinidae),(Torpedinidae,Hypnidae)),((Rhyncho
batidae,Rhinidae,Rhinobatidae,Platyrhinidae,Parapalaeobatidae,Hypsobatidae)),Pristidae,Arc
haeobatidae,Sclerorhynchidae),((((((Parascylliidae,((Orectolobidae,Brachaeluridae),(Hemiscy
lliidae,(Rhincodontidae,Stegostomatidae,Ginglymostomatidae)))),Agaleidae),(((Pristiophorida
e,Squatinidae),(Squalidae,(Centrophoridae,Etmopteridae,Dalatiidae,Oxynotidae,Somniosidae)
)),Heterodontidae),((Eoptolamnidae,(Paraisuridae,Pseudoscapanorhynchidae,Cretoxyrhinidae,
Archaeolamnidae),Mitsukurinidae,((Alopiidae,Pseudocarchariidae,Megachasmidae),Odontasp
ididae,Otodontidae,Cardabiodontidae,Serratolamnidae,(Anacoracidae,Pseudocoracidae),(Lam
nidae,Cetorhinidae))),((Scyliorhinidae,((Proscylliidae,Pseudotriakidae),(Leptochariidae,(Triak
idae,(Hemigaleidae,(Sphyrnidae,Carcharhinidae))))))))),(Chlamydoselachidae,Orthacodontida
e,Paraorthacodontidae,Pseudonotidanidae,(Heptranchidae,Hexanchidae)),Protospinacidae,Ech
inorhinidae),Palaeospinacidae))))
MAI[33]
(((Lonchidiidae,(Polyacrodontidae,(Hybodontidae,(Acrodontidae,Distobatidae)))),Ostenosela
chidae,Ptychodontidae,Steinbachodontidae,Pseudodalatiidae,Waipitiodidae),(((Pristidae,((((((
Rhinopteridae,Mobulidae),Rhombodontidae,Myliobatidae),Gymnuridae),(Urolophidae,Plesio
batidae),Potamotrygonidae,Dasyatidae,Urotrygonidae),Hexatrygonidae))),((Narkidae,Narcini
dae),(Torpedinidae,Hypnidae)),(((Rhynchobatidae,Rhinidae,Rhinobatidae,Platyrhinidae,Parap
alaeobatidae,Hypsobatidae)),((Anacanthobatidae,Rajidae,Arhynchobatidae),Cyclobatidae)),A
rchaeobatidae,Sclerorhynchidae),(((Protospinacidae,(Chlamydoselachidae,Orthacodontidae,P
araorthacodontidae,Pseudonotidanidae,(Heptranchidae,Hexanchidae)),(((Echinorhinidae,Squa
tinidae),(Squalidae,(Centrophoridae,Etmopteridae,Dalatiidae,Oxynotidae,Somniosidae))),Prist
iophoridae)),(Palaeospinacidae,(Heterodontidae,(((Parascylliidae,((Orectolobidae,Brachaeluri
dae),(Hemiscylliidae,(Rhincodontidae,Stegostomatidae,Ginglymostomatidae)))),Agaleidae),((
Eoptolamnidae,(Paraisuridae,Pseudoscapanorhynchidae,Cretoxyrhinidae,Archaeolamnidae),
Mitsukurinidae,((Alopiidae,Pseudocarchariidae,Megachasmidae),Odontaspididae,Otodontidae
,Cardabiodontidae,Serratolamnidae,(Anacoracidae,Pseudocoracidae),(Lamnidae,Cetorhinidae
))),((Scyliorhinidae,((Proscylliidae,Pseudotriakidae),(Leptochariidae,(Triakidae,(Hemigaleida
e,(Sphyrnidae,Carcharhinidae)))))))))))))))
MAW[34]
(((Lonchidiidae,(Polyacrodontidae,(Hybodontidae,(Acrodontidae,Distobatidae)))),Ostenosela
chidae,Ptychodontidae,Steinbachodontidae,Pseudodalatiidae,Waipitiodidae),((((((((((Rhinopte
ridae,Mobulidae),Rhombodontidae,Myliobatidae),Gymnuridae),(Urolophidae,Plesiobatidae),
Potamotrygonidae,Dasyatidae,Urotrygonidae),Hexatrygonidae)),((Rhynchobatidae,Rhinidae,
Rhinobatidae,Platyrhinidae,Parapalaeobatidae,Hypsobatidae))),((Narkidae,Narcinidae),(Torpe
dinidae,Hypnidae))),Pristidae,Archaeobatidae,Sclerorhynchidae,((Anacanthobatidae,Rajidae,
Arhynchobatidae),Cyclobatidae)),(((((Chlamydoselachidae,Orthacodontidae,Paraorthacodonti
dae,Pseudonotidanidae,(Heptranchidae,Hexanchidae)),(((Squalidae,(Centrophoridae,Etmopter
idae,Dalatiidae,Oxynotidae,Somniosidae)),Squatinidae),Pristiophoridae),Echinorhinidae,Proto
spinacidae),Heterodontidae),Palaeospinacidae,(((Eoptolamnidae,(Paraisuridae,Pseudoscapano
rhynchidae,Cretoxyrhinidae,Archaeolamnidae),Mitsukurinidae,((Alopiidae,Pseudocarchariida
e,Megachasmidae),Odontaspididae,Otodontidae,Cardabiodontidae,Serratolamnidae,(Anacora
cidae,Pseudocoracidae),(Lamnidae,Cetorhinidae))),((Parascylliidae,((Orectolobidae,Brachael
uridae),(Hemiscylliidae,(Rhincodontidae,Stegostomatidae,Ginglymostomatidae)))),Agaleidae
)),((Scyliorhinidae,((Proscylliidae,Pseudotriakidae),(Leptochariidae,(Triakidae,(Hemigaleidae
,(Sphyrnidae,Carcharhinidae))))))))))))
MAW-m[34,20]
(((Lonchidiidae,(Polyacrodontidae,(Hybodontidae,(Acrodontidae,Distobatidae)))),Ostenosela
chidae,Ptychodontidae,Steinbachodontidae,Pseudodalatiidae,Waipitiodidae),((((((((((Rhinopte
ridae,Mobulidae),Rhombodontidae,Myliobatidae),Gymnuridae),(Urolophidae,Plesiobatidae),
Potamotrygonidae,Dasyatidae,Urotrygonidae),Hexatrygonidae)),((Rhynchobatidae,Rhinidae,
Rhinobatidae,Platyrhinidae,Parapalaeobatidae,Hypsobatidae))),((Narkidae,Narcinidae),(Torpe
dinidae,Hypnidae))),Pristidae,Archaeobatidae,Sclerorhynchidae,((Anacanthobatidae,Rajidae,
Arhynchobatidae),Cyclobatidae)),((((Chlamydoselachidae,Orthacodontidae,Paraorthacodonti
dae,Pseudonotidanidae,(Heptranchidae,Hexanchidae)),((Pristiophoridae,Squatinidae),(Squalid
ae,(Centrophoridae,Etmopteridae,Dalatiidae,Oxynotidae,Somniosidae))),Echinorhinidae,Proto
spinacidae),(Palaeospinacidae,(Heterodontidae,((Eoptolamnidae,(Paraisuridae,Pseudoscapano
rhynchidae,Cretoxyrhinidae,Archaeolamnidae),Mitsukurinidae,((Alopiidae,Pseudocarchariida
e,Megachasmidae),Odontaspididae,Otodontidae,Cardabiodontidae,Serratolamnidae,(Anacora
cidae,Pseudocoracidae),(Lamnidae,Cetorhinidae))),(((Scyliorhinidae,((Proscylliidae,Pseudotri
akidae),(Leptochariidae,(Triakidae,(Hemigaleidae,(Sphyrnidae,Carcharhinidae))))))),((Parasc
ylliidae,((Orectolobidae,Brachaeluridae),(Hemiscylliidae,(Rhincodontidae,Stegostomatidae,G
inglymostomatidae)))),Agaleidae)))))))))
NAY[31]
((((Rhynchobatidae,Rhinidae,Rhinobatidae,Parapalaeobatidae,Hypsobatidae,Pristidae),Archae
obatidae,Sclerorhynchidae,((Urolophidae,Plesiobatidae,Gymnuridae,Hexatrygonidae),(Potam
otrygonidae,Dasyatidae,Urotrygonidae),((Rhinopteridae,Mobulidae),Rhombodontidae,Myliob
atidae)),((Anacanthobatidae,(Rajidae,Arhynchobatidae)),Cyclobatidae),(Narkidae,Narcinidae,
Torpedinidae,Hypnidae),Platyrhinidae),((((Centrophoridae,(Etmopteridae,(Dalatiidae,Squalid
ae),(Oxynotidae,Somniosidae))),((Squatinidae,Pristiophoridae),Echinorhinidae)),Protospinaci
dae,(Chlamydoselachidae,Orthacodontidae,Paraorthacodontidae,Pseudonotidanidae,(Heptranc
hidae,Hexanchidae))),(Palaeospinacidae,(Heterodontidae,(((Parascylliidae,((Orectolobidae,Br
achaeluridae),(Hemiscylliidae,(Rhincodontidae,Stegostomatidae,Ginglymostomatidae)))),Aga
leidae),((Eoptolamnidae,(Paraisuridae,Pseudoscapanorhynchidae,Cretoxyrhinidae,Archaeola
mnidae),Mitsukurinidae,(Odontaspididae,Otodontidae,Cardabiodontidae,Serratolamnidae,(An
acoracidae,Pseudocoracidae),Lamnidae,Cetorhinidae,Alopiidae,Pseudocarchariidae,Megachas
midae)),(Proscylliidae,Pseudotriakidae,Scyliorhinidae,(Triakidae,(Leptochariidae,(Hemigalei
dae,(Sphyrnidae,Carcharhinidae))))))))))),((Lonchidiidae,(Polyacrodontidae,(Hybodontidae,(
Acrodontidae,Distobatidae)))),Ostenoselachidae,Ptychodontidae,Steinbachodontidae,Pseudod
alatiidae,Waipitiodidae))
Order-level phylogenies:
DOU[30]
(Hybodontiformes,((Torpediniformes,Rajiformes1, Rhinobatid-like2,Myliobatiformes,
Pristids3,Archaeobatidae,Sclerorhynchidae),((((((Lamniformes,Carcharhiniformes),((Squalifor
mes,(Pristiophoriformes,Squatiniformes)),Echinorhinidae,Protospinacidae,Hexanchiformes)),
Orectolobiformes),Heterodontiformes),Synechodontiformes))))
HEI[31]
(Hybodontiformes,(( Rajiformes1,(( Rhinobatid-like2,Myliobatiformes),Torpediniformes),
Pristids3,Archaeobatidae,Sclerorhynchidae),(((((Squaliformes,Squatiniformes),Pristiophorifor
mes),Echinorhinidae,Protospinacidae,Hexanchiformes),((((Lamniformes,Carcharhiniformes),
Orectolobiformes),Heterodontiformes),Synechodontiformes)))))
HUM[32] (Hybodontiformes,((( Rajiformes1,Myliobatiformes),
Pristids3,Archaeobatidae,Sclerorhynchidae,Torpediniformes, Rhinobatidlike2),(((((((Pristiophoriformes,Squatiniformes),Squaliformes),Heterodontiformes),(Lamnifor
mes,Carcharhiniformes),Orectolobiformes),Echinorhinidae,Protospinacidae,Hexanchiformes),
Synechodontiformes))))
MAI[33]
(Hybodontiformes,(( Rajiformes1,Archaeobatidae,Sclerorhynchidae,Torpediniformes,
Rhinobatid-like2,(Myliobatiformes,
Pristids3)),(((((Squaliformes,Squatiniformes),Pristiophoriformes),Echinorhinidae,Protospinaci
dae,Hexanchiformes),((((Lamniformes,Carcharhiniformes),Orectolobiformes),Heterodontifor
mes),Synechodontiformes)))))
MAW[34]
(Hybodontiformes,((Archaeobatidae,Sclerorhynchidae, Pristids3,((Myliobatiformes,
Rhinobatidlike2),Torpediniformes),Rajiformes1),((Synechodontiformes,((((Squaliformes,Squatiniformes)
,Pristiophoriformes),Echinorhinidae,Protospinacidae,Hexanchiformes),Heterodontiformes),((
Lamniformes,Orectolobiformes),Carcharhiniformes)))))
MAW-m[34,20]
(Hybodontiformes,((Archaeobatidae,Sclerorhynchidae,
Pristids3,((Myliobatiformes,),Torpediniformes),Rajiformes1),((((Squaliformes,(Squatiniforme
s,Pristiophoriformes)),Echinorhinidae,Protospinacidae,Hexanchiformes),(((Lamniformes,(Ore
ctolobiformes,Carcharhiniformes)),Heterodontiformes),Synechodontiformes)))))
NAY[31]
(Hybodontiformes,(( Rajiformes1,Torpediniformes,Myliobatiformes, Rhinobatid-like2,
Pristids3,Archaeobatidae,Sclerorhynchidae),(((Squaliformes,((Squatiniformes,Pristiophorifor
mes),Echinorhinidae)),Hexanchiformes,Protospinacidae),((((Lamniformes,Carcharhiniformes
),Orectolobiformes),Heterodontiformes),Synechodontiformes))))
1
excluding Rhynchobatidae, Rhinidae, Rhinobatidae, Platyrhinidae, Parapalaeobatidae, Hypsobatidae, Pristidae
and relatives; 2 including Rhynchobatidae, Rhinidae, Rhinobatidae, Platyrhinidae, Parapalaeobatidae,
Hypsobatidae and relatives; 3 including Pristidae and relative
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