The Devon Karst Research Society.
THE CATTEDOWN BONE CAVES,
Cattedown, Plymouth, Devonshire, UK.
Section 3.0. PART CATALOGUES
of the Fossil Bones originating from R.N. Worth and R. Burnard's Excavations
in Worth’s Cattedown Bone Cave, 1886-1887,
CATALOGUE 1. As later reported by R.N. Worth to the Plymouth Institution on 20 October 1887.
CATALOGUE 2. As later catalogued by P J Shaw in 1978 for the surviving parts of Worth’s discoveries being curated by the Plymouth City Museum.
Preamble :
A meaningful and comprehensive cataloguing and evaluation process of this Nationally important Fossil Collection must necessarily be accompanied by a resolute focus on the finer details
both of their original discovery and of their subsequent removal to interim and final destinations, together with who donated the material to whom and exactly when it was donated. It is also
preferable to know what curatorial activities were then undertaken by the recipients!! If this seems to over-complicate the issue, please be reassured that it does not!
As of late May 2003, the Society has been given remarkable co-operation by the Keeper of Human History and the Keeper of Natural History in the Plymouth City Museum to enable us to
access the easily available material relating to the Cattedown Collection. This material includes fossil bones and their Accession Cards. Access to the fossil bone specimens includes
permission to enable us to digitally image all of them for inclusion on this Website. We have also been promised access to the Plymouth City Museum “Accessions Register” later in 2003 in
order to enable us to check the relevant entries relating to the Cattedown Fossil Bone Collections.
Having seen the hominid element of the Collection for the very first time on 20 May 2003, we were very surprised and impressed with the large number of surviving fossil bones recovered
from the blitzed and burning Museum of the Plymouth Athenaeum in 1941. We were less impressed by their poor condition, due in part to the highly inadequate and unacceptable way in
which they have been stored in the intervening 60 years. The storage problem is about to change for the better.
Provenancing :
However, returning to the complex issue of the provenancing of the Cattedown Fossil Bone Collections, we can shed some light on whom has given what to whom ..... and when !
 The “Borough of Plymouth” Council Minutes record that Robert Burnard donated fossil specimens to the City of Plymouth Museum on four occasions. So far, we have seen the relevant
Accession Cards for the specimens numbered 1272 to 1345. Each of the 74 cards has his name on them together with the date of 6th February 1899 and with “Cattedown Bone Cave” as the
origin of the specimens. Some Accession Cards represent many bone specimens listed under the same number.
 It should also be borne in mind that archived letters written by Burnard to Professor Stewart of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, (London) in 1887 show that Burnard retained
some of the finds from Worth’s Cattedown Bone Cave and was prepared to offer some to Stewart for his collection. (Burnard 1887). We cannot be sure what proportion of his material he
donated to the Plymouth City Museum in 1899, other than to say that it was not the total amount excavated. For the sake of completeness, we now reproduce the text of a letter dated 24
May 1887, from Robert Burnard to Professor Stewart in London, in this connection :-
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BURNARD, LACK, & ALGER.
Telegraphic Address :
The Plymouth Chemical Works,
Plymouth.
“ Burnard, Alger, Plymouth.”
May 24, 87
My dear Stewart
Many thanks for your letter. The skulls are in fairly good condition – they must
be very old as hyaena remains &c occur with them in stalagmitic floor. The human remains will
be dealt with by R.N. Worth at Plympton meeting of the Devon Assn – the animal remains at
Institution later.
The best selection of the whole of the find are being lodged in Museum of Plymo. Instit n where
you can see them when you come down. Shall I send you a few of the smaller bones for your
Collection (animal)?
Hope you are all well
Yours very truly
(signed) Robert Burnard
C. Stewart Esq.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Lewis Sparrow also donated fossil bone material to the City Museum in 1899. So far we have seen the relevant Accession Cards for the specimens numbered 1346 to 1356. Each of the
11 cards has his name on them together with the date of 6th February 1899 and with “Cattedown Bone Cave” as the origin of the specimens. Some Accession Cards represent many bone
specimens listed under the same number.
 The Plymouth City Museum became the home for the fossil material rescued from the blitzed and burning Museum of the Plymouth Institution (Plymouth Athenaeum), to whom it was
originally donated by R.N. Worth. As far as we can tell, these important specimens have not yet been allocated Accession Numbers by the Plymouth City Museum. Various labels indicate
the origin of the fossil material as being from the blitzed remains of the Plymouth Athenaeum and having originated from Worth’s Cattedown Bone Cave.
Finally, the British Museum (Natural History) also holds a quantity of un-accessioned Cattedown Fossil material. We are in the process of checking other potential museum collections.
In summarizing all this, we can confirm that to date, apparently there have been 3 donor sources for the fossil material relating to Cattedown and currently in the possession of the Plymouth
City Museum, apparently all from the “Cattedown Bone Cave”.
However, in actuality, the small Collection donated to the Plymouth City Museum by Lewis Sparrow, (Accession Nos. 1346 to 1356), corresponds exactly with the faunal list provided by
Professor Stewart of the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England and published by Robert Burnard following his excavation of the small cave in Sparrow’s Carpenter Rock
Quarry. Thus, Accession Nos. 1346 to 1356, are therefore shown to have originated from Burnard’s Cattedown Bone Cave and not from Worth’s Cattedown Cave. For further clarification,
details of Burnard’s excavation of this cave can be seen in Section 4.0 of these Homepages and the Catalogue of Lewis Sparrow's donation to the Plymouth City Museum, relating to the of
Burnard's excavated fossils from this cave, can be seen in Section 6.0.
The great remainder of the 1899 donations to the Plymouth City Museum, (donated by Burnard himself), originate from Worth’s Cattedown Bone Cave. The Catalogue of the Robert
Burnard donation of fossils that he and Worth excavated from this cave, can be seen in Section 4.0.
The 1st of the two Catalogues below lists the fossil bones, as detailed by R.N. Worth in his Reports to the Plymouth Institution. Amazingly, he never published details of the greater bulk of
the finds - only the hominid bones !! It is interesting to compare his osteometric details with those in Dr. John Beddoe’s Report of 1903., reproduced here in Section 7.0.
The 2nd Catalogue is one that was compiled in January 1978 by Mrs P.J. Shaw of Sheffield and which lists the Worth Collection as it existed at that time and as rescued from the bombed
and burning ruins of the Plymouth Athenaeum Museum in 1941. At the time of her cataloguing, there were still no Accession Numbers for this Nationally important Collection.
[3rd and 4th Catalogues, to be included in Section 14. in due course, will list and illustrate the surviving Collections as they exist in the year 2003. Section 14a. will Illustrate all the Hominid
components into one catalogue and Section 14b. will illustrate the Faunal components.]
[Please be aware if viewing or printing the Section 3. CATALOGUES 1. and 2. documents, that they are formatted in A4 size in landscape orientation.]
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Section 3. CATALOGUE 1.
CATALOGUE OF BONES ORIGINATING FROM WORTH'S CATTEDOWN BONE CAVE, AS PUBLISHED IN THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE PLYMOUTH INSTITUTION & DEVON
& CORNWALL NAT. HIST. SOCIETY, Vol. X. 1887-90. AND AS CURATED BY THE MUSEUM OF THE PLYMOUTH INSTITUTION (The Plymouth Athenaeum).
Worth's Species Identification and General Description
of Bone.
Worth’s Osteometric Notes and General
Comments.
Origin in
Worth's Excavation.
Plym. Institute
Accession No.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
HUMAN. [Homo sapiens?]
Skull 1. with left side of face intact & Frontal bones over both
Orbits; and the Right Maxillary detached. The Jaw, Forehead &
Left Orbit are complete, with the right brow & the lower part of
the Nasal Orifice.
The Teeth are partly encrusted with stalagmite.
Extreme height from teeth to crown = 6.25 inches;
Extreme breadth on inter-zygomatic line (arrived at by
doubling the perfect half) = 5 inches.
Between the outer rims of the Orbits = 4.25 inches.
Breadth of Orbit = 1.63 inches; height = 1.25 inches.
Breadth of Nose at base = 0.81 inch; height from base
to suture = 1.96 inches.
The brow is strongly marked; the Forehead receding.
The Height from the upper rim of the Orbit to the
crown as preserved = 3 inches.
Length of the face = 2.64 inches; length of upper lip to
edge of Alveolus = 1.06 inches. Distance from the lower
rim of the Orbit to the edge of Alveolus = 1.64 inches.
The Left Maxillary contains 5 x teeth - the 3 Molars and
2 x Bicuspids (wholly or partially encrusted with
stalagmite), with the sockets of the Canine & of 2 Incisors.
Outer part of stalagmitic
breccia.
Not known.
Section 3. CATALOGUE 1. (continued) .....
Worth's Species Identification and General Description
of Bone.
Worth’s Osteometric Notes and General
Comments.
Origin in
Worth's Excavation.
Plym. Institute
Accession No.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
HUMAN. [Homo sapiens?] (continued) ....
Skull 1. (continued) .....
The first Bicuspid displays a remarkable abnormal feature.
The fang has pierced the Jaw and grown inside it for a
third of its total length of 1 inch.
The Right Maxillary contains the 3 x Molars, 1st Bicuspid
and 4 sockets. The Molars are strongly tubercular and
show no appreciable signs of wear. The full breadth at the
back of the Jaw is 2.5 inches.
Skull is evidently that of a person in early maturity.
Skull 2. with Upper Jaw intact; the Left Orbit, Nasal Orifice &
a portion of the Right Orbit. Of the Frontal Bone, only the brow
remains.
Jaw contains 10 teeth, much worn, not flattened; Canines and
Incisors missing.
Breadth over Nasal Suture does not seem to have
exceeded 4.5 inches; length of face = 2.5 inches.
Breadth of Orbit = 1.44 inches and height = 1.38 inches.
Height of Nose - 1.7 inches and its breadth - 0.96 inch.
The Orbit lies rather low; the distance between its lower
rim and the edge of the Alveolus being 1.56 inches and
having the appearance of being less still. Length of
upper lip to edge of Alveolus = 1.125 inches.
The Jaw is 2.25 inches in breadth at the back and has
10 x teeth, much worn and not flattened but sloping from
within outwards. Those wanting are the Canines and
Incisors.
The Skull is that of a person of mature years
probably a woman.
The first found - in
loose, outer breccia.
Not known.
Skull 3. Only pieces could be preserved; incl. fragment of
Right Ramus of Lower Jaw with 1st & 2nd Molars - a little worn
2 x sockets & remains of 2 more.
2nd fragment of Lower Jaw, with Canine Tooth. Small fragment
of Maxillary with 1 x Tooth. Several small portions of Cranium.
External depth of Jaw, with teeth - 1.5 inches and without
the teeth = 1.125 inches.
At base of stalagmitic
breccia, 4 feet from inner
end of Northern Chamber.
marked C A
......................
Found in the Stalagmitic
breccia after the blast &
removed by Worth.
Found in the Stalagmitic
breccia on the level of
concrete floor at the
extreme back of Northern
Chamber, 7 feet beneath
the stalagmitic floor
covering the breccia.
marked C B
Calvaria embedded in stalagmite and probably part of Skull 3.
Jaws, Upper & Lower. (Portions of).
The Upper Jaw is represented by a portion of the Right Maxillary
with 2 x Molars, 2 x Biscuspids, the socket of a Canine & that of
an Incisor.
The Lower Jaw by a portion of the Right Ramus with the 1st &
2nd Molars and the socket of the 1st Biscuspid, which rises to a
evel with the surface of the Molars. This may have arisen from
A very massive Jaw and the curvature approaches
closely to that given for the Australian Type in Prof.
Owen’s “Odontography”.
marked C C
Section 3. CATALOGUE 1. (continued) .....
Worth's Species Identification and General Description
of Bone.
Worth’s Osteometric Notes and General
Comments.
Origin in
Worth's Excavation.
Plym. Institute
Accession No.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
HUMAN. [Homo sapiens?] (continued) ....
the absence of corresponding teeth in the Upper Jaw. If natural,
it is the strangest feature of the find.
The 2nd Biscuspid was lost during life & the bone has closed in.
The Teeth are big and worn.
The Chin was evidently very prominent.
Maxillary, right, part of, with 5 x Teeth. 2 x fragments of Right
Ramus of Mandible with 4 x Teeth. These all appear to be of
the same individual; the Teeth, little worn, are precisely of the
same character & in same condition.
......................
Not known.
Upper Jaw, in 2 portions, with very tubercular teeth, little worn.
Right Maxillary has 2 x Molars and 5 x sockets.
Left Maxillary (which comprises a portion of the Nasal Orifice)
has 1 x Molar and 6 x sockets.
......................
Not known.
Upper Jaw, in 3 portions.
Left Maxillary is in 2 x pieces with 4 x Teeth and 3 x sockets.
Right Maxillary has 4 x Teeth and 2 x sockets.
Teeth tubercular and unworn.
......................
Not known.
......................
Not known.
......................
Not known.
......................
Not known.
Right Maxillary with 4 x teeth & 3 x sockets.
Left Maxillary (not correspondent to the preceding) with 1 x
tooth, very much worn & remains of 6 x sockets.
Right Maxillary, part of, embedded in stalagmite from breccia.
Lower Jaw, perfect with the exception of Right Condyle &
portion of Ramus adjacent. Contains all the sockets but only
2 x teeth, much worn on an outward slant. The broken fangs of
Right Canine & Bicuspid are left in their sockets.
Massive angular chin; slanting Ramus = 1.75 inches
broad; depth at Symphysis = 1.25 inches.
Lower Jaw, perfect with the exception of the Condyles. Has
7 x teeth with both Canines; much worn.
Inter-angular breadth = 3.5 inches; depth at Symphysis
= 1.125 inches. Chin somewhat rounded; corresponds
very closely in character with Skull No. 2.
Not known.
Jaw thick but not deep.
Not known.
Extreme depth from top of Condyle = 2.75 inches;
Extreme breadth of Ramus = 1.5 inches.
Depth at Symphysis = 1.18 inches.
Not known.
......................
Not known.
Mandible, portions of, from 1st right Bicuspid to 2nd left molar.
Contains 4 x teeth, with sockets of Incisors & Canines.
Mandible, Left Ramus of, with Condyle & 6 x Teeth worn flat
and 2 x sockets; lower front margin absent.
Also portion of Right Ramus with 1 x Tooth and 5 x sockets.
Molars, germs of 2 Deciduous Teeth.
This was the first jaw
found.
Not known.
Section 3. CATALOGUE 1. (continued) .....
Worth's Species Identification and General Description
of Bone.
Worth’s Osteometric Notes and General
Comments.
Origin in
Worth's Excavation.
Plym. Institute
Accession No.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
HUMAN. [Homo sapiens?] (continued) ....
Teeth, loose,  70., the majority of which cannot be connected
with the fragments of jaws enumerated above.
Teeth generally of a massive character, and however much
worn, show hardly any caries.
Humeri.
28 of these represented at least 3 individuals, one set
large & little worn, incl. Canine 1.06" in length; another
set much worn; and a third set small and much worn
Concrete floor
[Teeth were found
in every part of
the cave.]
Not known.
Not known.
Radii
Representing the most perfect of the long bones.
The biggest = 11.75 inches long. The smallest = 11.2
inches long and this bone is very slender and
perforated between the Condyles.
......................
Ulnae.
......................
Not known.
Femurs.
None perfect. The largest specimen was between 15
and 16 inches long.
Not known.
Tibiae.
None perfect. The longest Tibia was 14 inches. The most
interesting point about the Tibiae is their markedly
platycnemic (flattened) character, in the extent of which
they closely resemble platycnemic Tibiae from Perthi
Chwareu in North Wales. But likeness does not stop here.
The longest of the Perthi Chwareu Tibiae is bigger than
the longest of those of Cattedown. The least of those at
Cattedown is shorter than the smallest of the Welsh.
Not known.
Not known.
Quantity, Sex and Age-range. “The Human remains found are those of a number of individuals - at least fifteen - of both sexes, and ranging from childhood to old age. No single skeleton
was complete; but every bone in the human frame, so far as I know, was represented.”
Stature, (height). “Mr Busk assigned the Perthi Chwareu bones to a race of low stature, ranging from 4 ft 10 ins. to 5 ft 6 ins. tall. Lowness of stature is also a characteristic of the
Cattedown folk. The data are imperfect, but assuming the usual proportions from the dimensions of Humeri and Femurs, four calculations work out to 4 ft 9¼ ins.; 4 ft 9½ ins.; 4 ft 9¾ ins. and
5 ft 0¼ ins. respectively. And this is, at any rate, sufficient to indicate that we are dealing with a short race.”
Stature, (strength). “Some of the bones appear to show considerable relative strength; others are decidedly feeble, but this is probably due to the exaggerated sexual differences of frame
of early times.”
(Worth, in Trans. Ply. Inst. Vol. 10. 1886-87.)
Appearance. “So far as I am able to judge of the shape and proportions of the Crania, they are neither dolichocephalic nor brachycephalic, but of a middle type - orthocephalic. They are
also essentially orthognathous, and some of the Lower Jaws have prominent chins. The Teeth are large and singularly free from traces of decay, although in many cases, much worn.
(Worth, in Trans. Ply. Inst. Vol. 10. 1886-87.)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________-_____________________________________________
END : of Section 3. CATALOGUE 1. [HUMAN Bone fragments.]
NEXT : is Section 3. CATALOGUE 1. [FAUNAL REMAINS.]
Section 3. CATALOGUE 1. (continued) .....
Worth's Species Identification and General Description
of Bone.
Worth’s Osteometric Notes and General
Comments.
Origin in
Worth's Excavation.
Plym. Institute
Accession No.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
FAUNAL REMAINS.
RHINOCEROS. [Rhinoceros antiquitatatus.]
Only one animal represented.
Not known.
CAVE LION. [Felis spelæa.]
Only one animal represented.
Not known.
HYAENA. [Hyæna spelæa.]
......................
Not known.
WOLF. [Canis lupus.]
......................
Not known.
FOX. [Vulpes vulgaris?]
......................
Not known.
DOG. [Canis familiaris?]
......................
Not known.
WEASEL.
......................
Not known.
POLECAT. [Putorius vulgaris.]
Only one animal represented.
Not known.
HEDGEHOG. [Centetes?]
......................
Not known.
SHREW. [Sorex.]
......................
Not known.
OX / BISON / AUROCHS. [Bison priscus?]
......................
Not known.
OX / URUS. [Urus priscus?]
......................
Not known.
OX, (Long-fronted or Small Fossil Ox). [Bos longifrons.]
......................
Not known.
RED DEER. [Cervus elaphus.]
......................
Not known.
ROE DEER. [Capreolus capreolus.]
......................
Not known.
HOG. [Sus scrofa?]
......................
Not known.
SHEEP? / COMMON? or WILD? GOAT.
[ ? /Capra hircus or Capra aegagrus?]
......................
Not known.
BADGER. [Meles taxus.]
......................
Not known.
Section 3. CATALOGUE 1. (continued) .....
Worth's Species Identification and General Description
Worth’s Osteometric Notes and General
Origin in
Plym. Institute
of Bone.
Comments.
Worth's Excavation.
Accession No.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
FAUNAL REMAINS. (continued) ......
HARE. [Lepus timidus.]
......................
Not known.
RABBIT. [Lepus cuniculus.]
......................
Not known.
MOLE. [Talpa vulgaris.]
......................
Not known.
BLACK RAT.
......................
Not known.
MOUSE. [Mus musculus?]
......................
Not known.
WATER VOLE. [Arvicola amphibia.]
......................
Not known.
BANK VOLE. [Arvicola pratensis.]
......................
Not known.
FIELD VOLE. [Arvicola agrestis.]
......................
Not known.
COMMON BAT.
......................
Not known.
HORSESHOE BAT. [Rhinolopus ferrumequinum.]
......................
Not known.
BIRDS, 4 species.
......................
Not known.
Quantity of Fossil Material Excavated. “The Fauna of the cave comprises at least 33 species .... The quantity of bones found in all was not less than a cartload; but only a small proportion
of these, comparatively, was available for scientific purposes. Many were locked up in stalagmite; a great number were simple fragments; and of those that were clearly identifiable the
smaller portion only were fairly perfect .... With a few un-important exceptions the whole of the human remains are now in our Museum, and every non-duplicated example also, with a large
quantity of the stalagmitic breccia.”
(Worth, in Trans. Ply. Inst. Vol. 10. 1886-87.)
Quantitative Census of Faunal Remains. “It is not easy to take a satisfactory census of the animals whose remains were found in this ancient charnel; but among the larger [in quantity]
Deer and Man preponderated; the Hog and the various bovine species coming next; followed by the Wolf, Hyaena, Fox and Badger. Of the Cave Lion, Rhinoceros and Polecat, so far as I am
aware, there were only single representatives. The smaller mammals might be counted by the hundred.; of the larger mammals there were at least 70 or 80 individuals.
(Worth, in Trans. Ply. Inst. Vol. 10. 1886-87.)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
END : of Section 3. CATALOGUE 1.
Section 3. CATALOGUE 2.
The P.J. Shaw 1978 Catalogue list, as provided by the Plymouth City Museum in 1981, was titled thus :-
"CATALOGUE OF THE BONE FRAGMENTS RESCUED FROM THE FIRE AT THE PLYMOUTH ATHENAEUM DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR. AT THAT TIME, THE BUILDING
HOUSED MOST OF THE EXCAVATED MATERIAL FROM CAVES IN THE CATTEDOWN, ORESTON AND STONEHOUSE AREAS DURING THE LATE 19th CENTURY."
The statement encapsulated within this Title is not true. The Athenaeum held only a small proportion of the vast quantity of excavated material and most of that was from the Cattedown and Stonehouse areas of
Plymouth. The remaining major parts of the material, especially in the case of Oreston, was sold to other Museums around the U.K., such as those at Bristol, Oxford, London, Edinburgh and Leeds. More can be
found about the known locations of such material in another Section.
PLEASE NOTE : As mentioned in the notes at the top of this document, 3rd and 4th Catalogues, to be included in Section 14. in due course, will list and illustrate the surviving Collection as it
exists in the year 2003. Section 14a. will Illustrate the Hominid components and Section 14b. will illustrate the Faunal components.]
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
P.J. Shaw's Species Identification and General Description
of Bone.
Plymouth Museum
Accession No.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
MAINLY HUMAN BONES AND FRAGMENTS.
1. 16 x fragments Mandible without Teeth.
......................
2. 2 x Molars, 1 x Premolar, 9 x fragments Teeth or Root.
......................
3. 31 x fragments Orbital bone.
......................
4. 1 x fragment Mandible + /¯5 + /¯6
+ /¯6
+ /¯6
+ /¯6
+ /¯6
+ /¯6
+ /¯7
1 x fragment Mandible + root /¯4
+ root /¯8
4 x fragments Mandible.
1 x fragment Mandible.
1 x Premolar.
5. 1 x fragment Maxilla
+ 5/ 6/ 7/
1 x fragment Maxilla
+ 4/
4 x fragments Maxilla without teeth.
1 x fragment Maxilla
+ 7/
1 x fragment Maxilla
+ root 6 /
6 x fragments Maxilla.
1 x fragment Maxilla
+ 4/
1 x fragment Maxilla of an individual who lost some teeth.
[Notes on sheet beside above entry “Worth 1887. p. 435. No. 5.?“].
6. 2 x proximal Humerus or Femur heads.
2 x Thoracic centre.
7. Numerous fragments of facial & other skull bones not of the
Calvaria. [probably Homo for the most part.]
......................
......................
......................
......................
Section 3. CATALOGUE 2. (continued) ......
P.J. Shaw's Species Identification and General Description
of Bone.
Plymouth Museum
Accession No.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
MAINLY HUMAN BONE FRAGMENTS. (continued) ......
8. Distal fragments Femur.
Proximal fragments Humerus.
Proximal fragment Ulna.
2 x distal fragments of same Tibia.
9. Numerous Post Cranial fragments - mainly long bones shafts
including probably Femur, Tibia and Radius.
10. Numerous fragments of Calvaria most of it probably [Homo].
11. Vertebral fragments not identified. Skull fragments with large
Canine socket.
Carpal / Tarsal bone of medium size.
12. Distal tip of Metapodial. (C. lupis.).
Distal fragment of Metapodial (large bird probably).
2 x fragments of probably Phlanges (not identified).
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
[Here the typed name “Mrs P.J. Shaw” dated January 1978.]
13. 1 x fragment of left Petrous Temporal bone. [Homo].
2 x fragments of right Petrous Temporal bone. [Homo].
2 x fragments of a 3rd right Petrous Temporal. [Homo].
14. 9 x fragments Zygomae. [Homo].
15. 7 x internal Auditory Foramin; 4 x left, 3 x right. [Homo].
16. 2 x distil fragments. [Homo].
Proximal and distal fragments of the spine. [Homo].
1 x proximal Ulna fragment. [Homo].
1 x Atlas Vertebra in 2 fragments. [Homo].
17. Numerous fragments of Skull and other bones. [Homo].
18. 22 x fragments of Skull, mainly facial.
[probably Homo or Ursus.]
19. 36 Incisors very worn and single roots. [Homo].
20. 2 x centre of lower Thoracic or Lumbar Vertebrae.
[possibly Homo].
21. 14 Teeth, very worn. [probably Homo].
22. 55 x worn Molars and Premolars. [Homo].
23. 28 x fragments long bones etc. of large animal
incl. Femur and Tibia shafts. [possibly Homo].
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
END : of Section 3. CATALOGUE 2. [Mainly HUMAN Bones and fragments.]
NEXT : is Section 3. CATALOGUE 2. [FAUNAL Bones.]
Section 3. CATALOGUE 2. (continued) ......
P.J. Shaw's Species Identification and General Description
Plymouth Museum
of Bone.
Accession No.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
FAUNAL BONE FRAGMENTS.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
10 x fragments of Vertebrae, various.
1 x distal Ulna fragment. [Crocuta].
1 x distal Femur fragment. [Crocuta].
1 x fragment Tibia shaft. [Crocuta].
1 x proximal Metapodial. [Crocuta].
1 x proximal Femur head. [probably Homo].
1 x distal & 1 x shaft fragment of the Metapodials. [Large bird?]
2 x fragments Maxilla of medium to large carnivore.
1 x fragment Mandible & broken PM2 Root. [Sus].
1 x fragment Mandible & fragment M2 Root. [Sus].
1 x fragment Maxilla & fragment M3. [Sus].
2 x fragments Maxilla. [Sus].
1 x fragment Mandible & fragment of PM4 root.
[species undetermined]
Numerous fragments. [miscellaneous].
6 x fragments facial bone. [Large mammal, probably Ursus ].
2 x fragments Scapula. [Large mammal].
2 x fragments Maxilla. [Large carnivore].
2 x fragments Atlas. [Canis lupus.]
1 x 1st Phalange.
1 x Incisor. [probably Canis lupus.]
1 x 3rd Phalange. [Canis lupus or Crocuta.]
1 x Lower M3 - very worn. [probably Sus].
2 x fragments Canines. [Sus].
1 x fragment Mandible. [probably Crocuta or Canis lupus].
4 x fragments Canines. [Felis spelaeus.]
1 x distal Radius. [Vulpes ?]
3 x fragments of the same Metapodial shaft. [Capra.]
11 x fragments Canine teeth. [Felis spelaeus.]
1 x fragment large Canine. [probably Felis spelaeus.]
1 x fragment Canine, in situ. [Felis spelaeus.]
1 x large fragment of same tooth. [Felis spelaeus.]
1 x small fragment of same tooth. [Felis spelaeus.]
2 x fragments Patellae. [small carnivore.]
1 x fragment Patella. [large carnivore.]
10 x fragments long bone shafts. [small mammals.]
2 x other fragments of Vertebrae. [not identified.]
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[Here the typed name “Mrs P.J. Shaw” dated January 1978.]
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END : of Section 3. all Documents. Text revised 23 April 2004.