Marine Science
2010 Mid-Term Review
What is the nebular hypothesis?
The separation of the Earth into layers was the result of the:
Compare and contrast continental and oceanic crust
Which unique conditions appear to cause Earth to have oceans?
How did the ocean become salty?
Name and describe a few hypotheses for how the ocean obtained its water.
List the age of the universe, earth, and earth's oceans.
What were the first photosynthetic organisms?
Name a few hypotheses for the origin of life on this planet.
Organisms that make organic molecules from inorganic compounds are:
Organisms that breakdown organic molecules to release energy are called:
What is a single-celled organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles called?
Living organisms that have a distinct nuclear region enclosed within a membrane and
membrane-bound organelles are referred to as:
Two or more organisms living together in close association, sometimes benefiting from
the relationship, are:
What are radioactive isotopes used for?
All continents fit together with the least number of overlaps and gaps when the continents
are matched along:
Fossils of ancient polar plants are currently found near the equator because the:
Climate distribution on Earth is primarily controlled by:
Compare and contrast the relationship between earth's magnetic and geologic poles
Describe the magnetic seafloor patter
Scientists discovered that the outer core of Earth is liquid by using
Deep ocean trenches are formed by which plate boundary?
The Hawaiian Islands are formed due to:
Name and describe each plate boundary. Give an example of a topographic result of each.
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of a:
What topographic feature is characteristic of oceanic-oceanic convergent plate
boundaries?
What topographic feature is characteristic of oceanic-continental convergent plate
boundaries?
Sediments that are composed of the remains of once living organisms are called:
Sediments that are formed from seawater as a result of a variety of chemical processes
are called:
Give an example of a hydrogenous sediment:
An ooze is called an ooze if it is composed of ____% or more of biogenous sediments.
Radiolarians contribute to biogenous sediments termed:
Large calcium carbonate structures produced by cyanobacteria, particularly between 1
and 3 billion years ago, are called:
Name some organisms that contain calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
Name some organisms that contain silica (SiO2)
When carbonates coat sand grains or shell fragments in concentric layers they form:
Sediments derived from preexisting rocks are called:
Sediments with an extraterrestrial origin are called:
Calcareous ooze is an example of what type of sediment?
Sediments that are derived primarily from the weathering on continental material are
called:
Sediments found on continental margins are called:
The phase in which water exists is determined by what 2 factors?
Covalent bonds form between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule as a result
of:
Water can pile up a short distance above a container's rim due to:
Many of the unique properties of water are attributed to the fact that water is what kind of
molecule?
Water molecules exhibit high:
The amount of energy that is necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by
one degree C is called the:
The average salinity of sea water is (percentage and ppt)
What is pH?
Compare and contrast density of water in the solid and liquid phases.
A rapid change in ocean temperature with change in depth is the:
A rapid change in ocean density with change in depth is the:
As a result of the Coriolis effect in the northern hemisphere, winds are deflected:
The deflection of air masses to the right or left (depending on latitude) as they move from
one latitude to another is called the:
Air always moves away from ______ and toward __________.
Winds blowing from the north in the southern hemisphere will appear to:
The doldrums refer to the same region as the:
The strongest winds on Earth are the:
Low pressure systems in the northern hemisphere rotate:
Surface ocean circulation is driven primarily by _______ and modified by ________.
The Sargasso Sea is located in the:
Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient-rich bottom water
through:
Surface waters are pushed toward land and bring down oxygen-rich bottom water to the
deep through:
Deep ocean water generally has high amounts of:
The Ekman spiral is driven by:
Ocean conveyor belt circulation is driven by:
Scientists have concluded that deep Pacific Ocean water is old due to its low:
The property of water whereby molecules tend to stick to one another is called:
The property of water whereby molecules tend to stick to objects is called:
The pH of seawater is important to living organisms because:
Describe the salinity of seawater at the poles
Describe the salinity of seawater at the equator.
What are some gases that are regulated by biological processes?
The oxygen minimum layer is found:
Seawater is considered buffered due to the presence of what ion?
The mass of a substance divided by its volume is:
The two main factors controlling the density of water are:
An isopycnal water column is one in which the density:
Label the chemical and physical layers of the earth.
Draw and label the major wind belts of the earth.