Table S1: Directly measured nutrient release rates (N and P) for model development were
obtained from the literature. Models were developed for meso- and macrozooplankton, mussels
and benthic macroinvertebrates (other than mollusca).
Zooplankton
Andersen, V. (1989) Phosphate excretion rate of Salpa fusiformis Cuvier (Tunicata,
Thaliacea). Hydrobiologia, 171, 91-97.
Atkinson, A. & Whitehouse, M.J. (2001) Ammonium regeneration by Antarctic
mesozooplankton: an allometric approach. Marine Biology, 139, 301-311.
Bamstedt, U. & Tande, K.S. (1985) Respiration and excretion rates of Calanus glacialis
in Arctic waters of the Barents Sea. Marine Biology, 87, 259-266.
Biggs, D.C. (1982) Zooplankton excretion and NH4+ cycling in near-surface waters of the
Southern ocean, austral summer 1977-1978. Polar Biology, 1, 55-67
Burkhardt, S. & Lehman, J.T. (1994) Prey consumption and predatory effects of an
invertebrate predator ({Bythotrephes}: Cladocera, Cercopagidae) based on
phosphorus budgets. Limnology and Oceanography, 39, 1007-1019.
Ejsmont-Karabin, J. (1983) Ammonia nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus excretion by
the planktonic rotifers. Hydrobiologia, 104, 231-236.
Gaudy, R. & Boucher, J. (1983) Relation between respiration, excretion (ammonia and
inorganic phosphorus) and activity of amylase and trypsin in different species of
pelagic copepods from an Indian-Ocean equatorial area. Marine Biology, 75, 3745.
Gorsky, G., Palazzoli, I. & Fenaux, R. (1987) Influence of temperature-changes on
oxygen-uptake and ammonia and phosphate excretion, in relation to body size and
weight, in Oikopleura dioica (Appendicularia). Marine Biology, 94, 191-201.
Hirche, H.J. (1983) Excretion and Respiration of the Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba.
Polar Biology, 1, 205-209.
Ikeda, T. & Kirkwood, R. (1989) Metabolism and elemental composition of a giant
Chaetognath Sagitta gazellae from the Southern-Ocean. Marine Biology, 100,
261-267.
Ikeda, T. & Mitchell, A.W. (1982) Oxygen-uptake, ammonia excretion and phosphate
excretion by krill and other Antarctic zooplankton in relation to their body size
and chemical-composition. Marine Biology, 71, 283-298
Jawed, M. (1973) Ammonia excretion by zooplankton and its significance to primary
productivity during summer. Marine Biology, 23, 115-120.
Biggs, D.C. (1982) Zooplankton excretion and NH4+ cycling in near-surface
waters of the southern-ocean.1. Ross Sea, Austral Summer 1977-1978. Polar
Biology, 1, 55-67
Pinto-Coelho, R.M., Demoura, R.T. & Moreira, A. (1997) Zooplankton and bacteria
contribution to phosphorus and nitrogen internal cycling in a tropical and
eutrophic reservoir: Pampulha lake, Brazil. Internationale Revue Der Gesamten
Hydrobiologie, 82, 185-200.
Shimauchi, H., S. Uye. (2007) Excretion and respiration rates of the Scyphomedusa
Aurelia aurita from the inland sea of Japan. Journal of Oceanography, 63, 27-34
Mussels
Aldridge, D.W., Payne, B.S. & Miller, A.C. (1995) Oxygen consumption, nitrogenous
excretion, and filtration rates of Dreissena polymorpha at acclimation
temperatures between 20 and 32 degree C. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and
Aquatic Sciences, 52, 1761-1767.
Bayne, B.L. & Scullard, C. (1977) Rates of nitrogen-excretion by species of Mytilus
(Bivalvia – Mollusca). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United
Kingdom, 57, 355-369.
Clarke, A., Protherothomas, E. & Whitehouse, M.J. (1994) Nitrogen-excretion in the
Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna (Strebel, 1908). Journal of Molluscan Studies,
60, 141-147.
Cockcroft, A.C. (1990) Nitrogen-excretion by the surf zone bivalves Donax serra and
Donax sordidus. Marine Ecology-Progress Series, 60, 57-65.
Conroy, J.D., Edwards, W.J., Pontius, R.A., Kane, D.D., Zhang, H.Y., Shea, J.F., Richey,
J.N. & Culver, D.A. (2005) Soluble nitrogen and phosphorus excretion of exotic
freshwater mussels (Dreissena spp.): potential impacts for nutrient
remineralisation in western Lake Erie. Freshwater Biology, 50, 1146-1162.
Davis, W.R., Christian, A.D., Berg, D.J. (1999) Nitrogen and phosphorus cycling by
frehwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in a headwater stream ecosystem.
Proceedings of the First Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society Symposium,
141-151.
Follum, O.A. & Gray, J.S. (1987) Nitrogenous excretion by the sediment-living bivalve
Nucula tenuis from the Oslofjord, Norway. Marine Biology, 96, 355-358.
James, M.R., Weatherhead, M.A. & Ross, A.H. (2001) Size-specific clearance, excretion,
and respiration rates, and phytoplankton selectivity for the mussel Perna
canaliculus at low levels of natural food. New Zealand Journal of Marine and
Freshwater Research, 35, 73-86.
James, W.F., Barko, J.W., Davis, M., Eakin, H.L., Rogala, J.T. & Miller, A.C. (2000)
Filtration and excretion by zebra mussels: Implications for water quality impacts
in Lake Pepin, upper Mississippi River. Journal of Freshwater Ecology, 15, 429437.
Jordan, T.E. & Valiela, I. (1982) A nitrogen budget of the ribbed mussel, Geukensia
demissa, and its significance in nitrogen flow in a New-England salt-marsh.
Limnology and Oceanography, 27, 75-90.
Kiibus, M. & Kautsky, N. (1996) Respiration, nutrient excretion and filtration rate of
tropical freshwater mussels and their contribution to production and energy flow
in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. Hydrobiologia, 331, 25-32.
Lauritsen, D.D. & Mozley, S.C. (1989) Nutrient excretion by the Asiatic clam Corbicula
fluminea. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 8, 134-139.
Martin, S., Thouzeau, G., Chauvaud, L., Jean, F., Guerin, L. & Clavier, J. (2006)
Respiration, calcification, and excretion of the invasive slipper limpet, Crepidula
fornicata L.: Implications for carbon, carbonate, and nitrogen fluxes in affected
areas. Limnology and Oceanography, 51, 1996-2007.
Mellina, E., Rasmussen, J.B. & Mills, E.L. (1995) Impact of zebra mussel (Dreissena
polymorpha) on phosphorus cycling and chlorophyll in lakes. Canadian Journal
of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 52, 2553-2573.
Nalepa, T.F., Gardner, W.S. & Malczyk, J.M. (1991) Phosphorus cycling by mussels
(Unionidae, Bivalvia) in Lake St-Clair. Hydrobiologia, 219, 239-250.
Prosch, R.M. & Mclachlan, A. (1984) The regeneration of surf-zone nutrients by the sand
mussel, Donax serra Roding. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and
Ecology, 80, 221-233.
Srna, R.F. & Baggaley, A. (1976) Rate of excretion of ammonia by hard clam
Mercenaria mercenaria and American oyster Crassostrea virginica. Marine
Biology, 36, 251-258.
Vaughn, C.C., Gido, K.B. & Spooner, D.E. (2004) Ecosystem processes performed by
unionid mussels in stream mesocosms: species roles and effects of abundance.
Hydrobiologia, 527, 35-47.
Vink, S. & Atkinson, M.J. (1985) High dissolved C-P excretion ratios for large benthic
marine-invertebrates. Marine Ecology-Progress Series, 21, 191-195.
Yamamuro, M. & Koike, I. (1993) Nitrogen-metabolism of the filter-feeding bivalve
Corbicula japonica and its significnace in primary production of a brackish lake
in Japan. Limnology and Oceanography, 38, 997-1007.
Benthic Macroinvertebrates
Fukuhara, H. & Yasuda, K. (1989) Ammonium excretion by some fresh-water
zoobenthos from a eutrophic lake. Hydrobiologia, 173, 1-8.
Gardner, W.S., Briones, E.E., Kaegi, E.C. & Rowe, G.T. (1993) Ammonium excretion by
benthic invertebrates and sediment-water nitrogen flux in the Gulf-of-Mexico
near the Mississippi River outflow. Estuaries, 16, 799-808.
Gray, J.S. (1985) Nitrogenous excretion by meiofauna from coral-reef sediments Mecor-5. Marine Biology, 89, 31-35.
Grimm, N.B. (1988) Role of macroinvertebrates in nitrogen dynamics of a desert stream.
Ecology, 69, 1884-1893.
Henry, R. & Santos, C.M. (2008) The importance of excretion by Chironomus larvae on
the internal loads of nitrogen and phosphorus in a small eutrophic urban reservoir.
Brazilian Journal of Biology, 68, 349-357.
Kouassi, E., Pagano, M., Saint-Jean, L. & Sorbe, J.C. (2006) Diel vertical migrations and
feeding behavior of the mysid Rhopalophthalmus africana (Crustacea :
Mysidacea) in a tropical lagoon (Ebrie, Cote d'Ivoire). Estuarine Coastal and
Shelf Science, 67, 355-368.
Nelson, S.G., Simmons, M.A. & Knight, A.W. (1979) Ammonia excretion by the benthic
estuarine shrimp Crangon franciscorum (Crustacea, Crangonidae) in relation to
diet. Marine Biology, 54, 25-31.
Nithart, M., Alliot, E. & Salen-Picard, C. (1999) Production, respiration and ammonia
excretion of two polychaete species in a north Norfolk saltmarsh. Journal of the
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 79, 1029-1037.
Tatrai, I. (1982) Oxygen-consumption and ammonia excretion of herbivorous
Chironomid larvae in Lake Balaton. Hydrobiologia, 96, 129-135.
Vink, S. & Atkinson, M.J. (1985) High dissolved C-P excretion ratios for large benthic
marine-invertebrates. Marine Ecology-Progress Series, 21, 191-195.
Wilhelm, F.M., Hudson, J.J. & Schindler, D.W. (1999) Contribution of Gammarus
lacustris to phosphorus recycling in a fishless alpine lake. Canadian Journal of
Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 56, 1679-1686.